Moringa Oleifera: an alternative ingredient to improve the egg quality of Japanese quail / [Moringa oleifera: um ingrediente alternativo na melhora da qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas]

This study aims to evaluate effects of inclusion of moringa in Japanese quail diets on laying performance, egg quality, blood parameters, serum biochemical profile, and behavior. One hundred and forty-four Japanese quails, approximately 35-d-old, were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. Treatments were diet inclusion of 0, 2, 4 and 6% of dried and ground moringa leaves. The inclusion of moringa in diets reduces the quadratic feed intake up to the level of 1.20%, increases weight of eggs with a quadratic behavior up to 3.80%, and linearly increases yolk weight. Yolk color changes with higher levels of inclusion of moringa and resulted in more intense colors. The biochemical profile of quails changed slightly but remains within the normal range. The inclusion of 4% of moringa in diets increases alkaline phosphatase. Regarding cholesterol and triglycerides, diet with 6% moringa inclusion was lower when compared to the others. The behavior of laying quails does not change due to inclusion of moringa in diets. Up to 3.83% of Moringa oleifera can be included in Japanese quail diet to improve egg quality without compromising performance, biochemical profile, blood parameters and behavior.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a inclusão de Moringa oleifera na dieta de codornas japonesas sobre o desempenho, a qualidade de ovos, os parâmetros sanguíneos, o perfil bioquímico e o comportamento. Foram utilizadas 144 codornas japonesas, com aproximadamente 35 dias de idade, as quais foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições cada. Foram fornecidas dietas com 0, 2, 4 e 6% de folhas desidratadas e moídas de moringa. A inclusão de moringa nas dietas reduziu quadraticamente o consumo até o nível de 1,2%, aumentou o peso dos ovos com comportamento quadrático até o nível de 3,8% e aumentou linearmente o peso da gema. A coloração da gema se intensificou com maiores inclusões de moringa. O perfil bioquímico sofreu alterações leves, mas não saiu dos padrões normais para codornas. A inclusão de 4% de moringa nas dietas aumentou os níveis de fosfatase alcalina. Já a inclusão de 6% reduziu níveis de colesterol e triglicérides. O comportamento das codornas não se alterou com a inclusão de moringa nas dietas. A inclusão de até 3,83% de Moringa oleifera na dieta de codornas japonesas aumenta a qualidade de ovos sem comprometer o desempenho, o perfil bioquímico, os parâmetros sanguíneos e o comportamento delas.(AU)

Laying performance and egg quality of Japanese quails fed diets containing castor meal and enzyme complex

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets formulated with corn plus soybean meal (CSM) or with 21% autoclaved castor meal (ACM), with the addition of two enzyme complexes (EC1 and EC2), on the performance and egg quality of laying quail. Two hundred and sixteen quails were selected by egg production and weight uniformity and distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (in a 2 × 3 cross-factorial arrangement) and six replicates with six birds each. Three CSM and three ACM diets supplemented with EC1, EC2, or unsupplemented were established. The trial lasted three cycles of 21 days. Feed intake, laying rate, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass, and feed conversion per dozen eggs did not differ. The use of ACM diet reduced egg (EW), yolk (YW), and eggshell (SW) weights, egg specific gravity and increased yolk color. However, EW and YW were similar among quails fed diets containing CSM and ACM when supplemented with CE1.The use of enzyme complex containing xylanase, b-glucanase, and phytase is recommended when 21% autoclaved castor mealis included in the diet of laying quails.(AU)

Laying performance and egg quality of Japanese quails fed diets containing castor meal and enzyme complex

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets formulated with corn plus soybean meal (CSM) or with 21% autoclaved castor meal (ACM), with the addition of two enzyme complexes (EC1 and EC2), on the performance and egg quality of laying quail. Two hundred and sixteen quails were selected by egg production and weight uniformity and distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (in a 2 × 3 cross-factorial arrangement) and six replicates with six birds each. Three CSM and three ACM diets supplemented with EC1, EC2, or unsupplemented were established. The trial lasted three cycles of 21 days. Feed intake, laying rate, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass, and feed conversion per dozen eggs did not differ. The use of ACM diet reduced egg (EW), yolk (YW), and eggshell (SW) weights, egg specific gravity and increased yolk color. However, EW and YW were similar among quails fed diets containing CSM and ACM when supplemented with CE1.The use of enzyme complex containing xylanase, b-glucanase, and phytase is recommended when 21% autoclaved castor mealis included in the diet of laying quails.

Farelo de Batata doce (Ipomoea batatas L.) na alimentação de codornas de corte e postura

As sobras de batata-doce que não são vendáveis para consumo humano muitas vezes são descartadas, visando esta problemática foram realizados dois experimentos com objetivo de avaliar a substituição de farelo de batata-doce ao milho para codornas de corte e postura. No primeiro experimento, objetivou-se avaliar a substituição de farelo de batata-doce (FBD) ao milho e a inclusão de dois aditivos exógenos (enzima xilanase e cofator enzimático de argilomineral montmorilonita e extrato de algas (Ulva lactuda e Solieria chordalis)) na alimentação de codornas de corte sobre o desempenho, composição corporal, rendimento de carcaça e peso de órgãos e viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizadas o total de 400 codornas de corte europeias, não sexadas, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com 4 tratamentos (T1: controle - ração referência; T2: 10% de FBD; T3: 10% de FBD + cofator enzimático argilomineral montmorilonita e extrato de algas (Ulva lactuda e Solieria chordalis) (FBDce); T4: 10% FBD + xilanase (FBDxi)) com 5 repetições e 20 codornas por unidade experimental, e foi avaliado as duas fases de criação cria (1 a 14 dias) e recria (15 a 35 dias de idade das codornas). Não foram observadas diferenças para as características avaliadas, exceto para o tratamento FBDce que para o período de recria apresentou pior conversão alimentar e menor ganho de peso quando comparado aos demais tratamentos. Concluindo que o farelo de batata-doce pode ser substituído em 10% ao milho na fase de recria sem interferir no desempenho das codornas e com maior aproveitamento econômico, e a utilização de aditivos exógenos (xilanase e cofator enzimático), não demonstrou ser efetiva nas dietas de codornas de corte nas fases de cria e recria. O segundo experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a substituição do FBD ao milho com ou sem a adição de pigmentante natural (flor de marigold) em dietas de codornas japonesas de postura sobre desempenho, qualidade dos ovos e viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizadas 324 codornas fêmeas da linhagem Vicami®, dos 100 aos 163 dias de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x4 mais um, sendo dois níveis de luteína (LUT) (0 e 5 ppm) e quatro níveis de FBD (8; 16; 24 e 32 %) mais um grupo controle sem adição de pigmentantes e farelo, com 6 repetições e com 6 aves por unidade experimental. Foi avaliado o desempenho produtivo das aves (peso corporal, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar por quilo de ovos, conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, taxa de postura, massa de ovos) durante três períodos de 21 dias cada, sendo a qualidade dos ovos também realizada ao final de cada período, em que se mensurou: peso médio dos ovos, peso específico, unidade Haugh, índice de gema e albúmen, porcentagem de casca, de gema e de albúmen, espessura da casca e cor da gema. Não foi observado diferenças significativas entre os nove tratamentos para as variáveis de desempenho e qualidade dos ovos, para a viabilidade econômica, o tratamento com 32% de substituição ao FBD sem a adição de LUT, mostrou ser o mais vantajoso. O farelo de batata-doce pode ser incluído nas dietas de codornas japonesas em fase de postura em até 32% sem a necessidade da adição de pigmentantes, por apresentar melhor viabilidade econômica e por não afetar o desempenho e qualidade dos ovos.

Leftover sweet potatoes that are not used for human consumption are often discarded, considering this problem two experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the substitution of corn by sweet potato bran (SPB) for meat and laying quails. In the first experiment, the objective was to evaluate the substitution of corn by SPB and the inclusion of two exogenous additives (xylanase enzyme and montmorillonite clay enzyme cofactor and algae extract (Ulva lactuda and Solieria chordalis)) in the feeding of meat quails on performance, body composition, carcass yield and organ weight. A total of 400 European-meat quails were used, not sexed, distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (T1: control - reference ration; T2: 10% SPB; T3: 10% SPB + montmorillonite clay enzyme cofactor and algae extract (Ulva lactuda and Solieria chordalis) (SPBce); T4: 10% SPB + xylanase (SPBxi)). with 5 replications and 20 quails per experimental unit, where the two phases of creation were evaluated initial (1 to 14 days) and rearing (15 to 35 days of age). No differences were observed for the characteristics evaluated, except for SPBce treatment, which for rearing period showed a worse feed conversion and less weight gain when compared to other treatments. Concluding that sweet potato bran can substitute 10% of corn in the rearing phase without interfering in quails performance and with higher economic use, and the use of exogenous additives (xylanase and enzymatic cofactor), has not shown to be effective in meat quail diets in the initial and rearing stages. The second experiment had the objective to evaluate the replacement of corn by SPB with or without the addition of natural pigment (marigold flower) in diets of Japanese laying quails on performance, egg quality and economic viability. A total of 324 female Vicami® quails, from 45 to 120 days old, were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme 2x4 plus one, with two levels of lutein (LUT) (0 and 5 ppm) and four levels of sweet potato bran (SPB) (8; 16; 24 and 32%), another control group without addition of pigments and bran, with 6 replicates and 6 birds per experimental unit The productive performance of birds was evaluated (body weight, feed intake and feed conversion per kilo of eggs, feed conversion per dozen eggs, laying rate, egg mass) during three periods of 21 days each, the eggs quality were also carried out at the end of each period, where it was measured: average egg weight, specific weight, Haugh unit, yolk and albumen index, shell, yolk and albumen percentage, shell thickness and yolk color. No significant differences were observed between the nine treatments for performance and egg quality variables, however for economic viability, the treatment with 32% substitution of SPB proved to be the most advantageous. Sweet potato bran can be included in diets of Japanese quails in the laying phase by up to 32% without the need to add pigments, as it has better economic viability and does not affect the performance and eggs quality.