Functional potential and food safety of fresh-cut 'Paluma' guava under edible coatings / Potencial funcional e segurança alimentar de goiaba 'Paluma' minimamente processada sob recobrimentos comestíveis

Guava is a fruit rich in antioxidants and its value can be enhanced by fresh-cut processing, which increases convenience for consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in bioactive compounds, total antioxidant activity (TAA) and microbial quality in slices of fresh-cut (FC) 'Paluma' guava coated with chitosan at 2% (Q), calcium chloride at 1% (CC), calcium chloride at 1% + sodium alginate at 1% (CC + A), calcium chloride at 1% + chitosan at 2% (CC + Q), and control (T - without coating). Coated slices were packed in trays, wrapped with PVC film and kept at 3 ± 1 °C and 75 ± 4% RH for 12 days and evaluated for ascorbic acid, lycopene, ß-carotene, total extractable polyphenols (TEP), and TAA by ABTS+- and DPPH . Ascorbic acid content of slices did not differ by coatings, but TEP was higher in slices coated with Q. The TAA by DPPH was higher in slices coated with Q, however, by ABTS+- it was higher in those coated with Q, CC and CC + Q. No thermotolerant coliforms or Salmonella were detected in FC guava from any treatment. However, slices coated with Q showed the lowest counts of total coliforms and molds and yeasts. Therefore, the application of Q coating provided microbiological safety to FC guava, still maintaining the levels of bioactive compounds and TAA superior to the control slices, which can characterize this as a healthy FC product, with superior functional potential.(AU)

Goiaba é um fruto rico em antioxidantes e pode ser potencializado pelo processamento mínimo, que aumenta a conveniência ao consumo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as mudanças nos compostos bioativos, atividade antioxidante total (AAT) e qualidade microbiológica de goiaba 'Paluma' minimamente processada (MP) em fatias e recobertas com quitosana a 2% (Q), cloreto de cálcio a 1% (CC), cloreto de cálcio a 1% + alginato de sódio a 1% (CC + A), cloreto de cálcio a 1% + quitosana a 2% (CC+Q) e testemunha (T - sem recobrimento). Fatias recobertas foram embaladas em bandeja com filme de PVC de 12 µm e mantidas a 3±1 °C e 80±4% U.R durante 12 dias. As avaliações foram ácido ascórbico (AA), licopeno, ß-caroteno, polifenóis extraíveis totais (PET) e atividade antioxidante total (AAT) pelos métodos ABTS+- e DPPH. O conteúdo de AA das fatias não diferiu entre recobrimentos, mas o de PET foi superior nas recobertas com Q. A AAT pelo DPPH foi superior em fatias recobertas com Q, entretanto, pelo ABTS+- foi superior nas recobertas com Q, CC e CC + Q. Não foi detectado coliformes termotolerantes nem Salmonella em goiaba MP de nenhum tratamento. Fatias recobertas com Q apresentaram contagens mais baixas de coliformes e bolores e leveduras. Portanto, a aplicação dos recobrimentos Q conferiu segurança microbiológica à goiaba MP, ainda mantendo os teores de compostos bioativos e TAA superiores às fatias controle, o que pode caracterizar este como um produto MP saudável, com potencial funcional superior.(AU)

Agronomic and biochemical evaluation of cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp / Avaliação agronômica e bioquímica de clones de mandioca com polpa rosada

Sweet cassava breeding programs are focused on the development of bio fortified cultivars that combine significant amounts of carotenoids in their reserve roots with desirable agronomic. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic and biochemical traits in sweet cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp. The nine genotypes were evaluated in two seasons in a randomized block design with three replications. Among the evaluated clones, the following stood out: i) for the height of the first branch (390/08, 345/08 and the control IAC 576-70); ii) for plant height (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08); iii) for shoot weight without original steam cutting (390/08, 406/08, 378/08 e 341/08); iv) for the percentage of starch in roots (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 and the control IAC 576-70); and v) for the root yield (the control IAC 576-70 and 341/08, 390/08, 406/08 e 387/08). In the 2011/2012 season, all clones cooked within 30 minutes, indicating that they all have good culinary qualities. Regarding the total carotenoid content in the roots, the clones that stood out were 406/08 and 341/08. All clones evaluated had HCN content below 100 mg kg-1. Clones 341/08 and 406/08 have agronomic and biochemical potential for direct cultivation by producers in the Cerrado region of Central Brazil and / or for use as stock in sweet cassava breeding programs.(AU)

Os programas de melhoramento genético de mandioca de mesa estão focados no desenvolvimento de variedades biofortificadas que aliem aos caracteres agronômicos a presença de carotenoides nas raízes de reserva. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar características agronômicas e bioquímicas em clones de mandioca de mesa com polpa rosada. Os nove genótipos foram avaliados por duas safras em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Dentre os clones avaliados se destacaram: i) para altura da primeira ramificação (390/08, 345/08 e a testemunha IAC 576-70); ii) para altura da planta (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08); iii) para peso da parte aérea sem a cepa (390/08, 406/08, 378/08 e 341/08); iv) para porcentagem de amido nas raízes (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 e a testemunha IAC 576-70); v) para produtividade de raízes (IAC 576-70 e 341/08, 390/08, 406/08 e 387/08). Na safra 2011/2012, todos os clones cozinharam em até 30 minutos, indicando que todos apresentam boas qualidades culinárias. Com relação ao teor de carotenoides totais nas raízes, os clones que se destacaram foram 406/08 e 341/08. Todos os clones avaliados apresentaram teores de HCN nas raízes de reserva de mandioca, inferiores a 100 mg kg-1. Os clones 341/08 e 406/08 apresentam potencial agronômico e bioquímico para cultivo direto pelos produtores na região do Cerrado do Brasil Central e/ou para a utilização como genitores em programas de melhoramento genético de mandioca de mesa.(AU)

New opportunities for developing tomato varieties with enhanced carotenoid content

The development of varieties with a high content of antioxidant compounds, such as carotenoids, has become a major focus in the marketing of tomato. Several mutants have been used in the development of high pigment varieties, but the significant influence of the environment on carotenoid content and the presence of negative side effects in vegetative growth and yield have limited the success of these variants. Consequently, the identification of alternative sources of variation in the quest for high carotenoid content is ongoing. In this study, 12 accessions of Solanum lycopersicum (including the former var cerasiforme) and S. pimpinelifolium have been evaluated in three different environments: open field and glasshouse cultivation at two sites. Three accessions (BGV6195 of S. pimpinellifolium, LA1423 of the former var cerasiforme and LA3633 a possible hybrid between S. pimpinellifolium and S. lycopersicum) showed outstanding and stable lycopene content, that doubled in all three environments the content of the positive control LA3538, with the high pigment-1 mutation (hp1). In addition, accession CATIE14812 would also be interesting as regards improvement of -carotene content. These materials offer new opportunities in the development of tomato varieties with enriched and reliable carotenoid content and the close taxonomic relationship of these accessions with cultivated tomato will facilitate their use in breeding programs.

The Effect of Lycopene Addition on the Chemical Composition, Sensory Attributes and Physicochemical Properties of Steamed and Grilled Turkey Breast

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lycopene addition to the curing mixture for steamed and grilled breast muscles on the chemical composition, sensory attributes and physicochemical parameters of the final products. The experimental material comprised a total of 48 breast muscles of Hybrid XL turkeys aged 15 weeks and fed commercial pelleted diets. The material was divided into three groups (control, experimental groups I and II). Sixteen breast muscles (8 left and 8 right) were assigned to each group. Control group samples were immediately transported to a laboratory. The remaining 32 muscles were steamed and grilled, where 16 samples were cured before heat treatment. The curing brine contained tomato peel extract standardized for 5% lycopene content. The results of the study indicate that the lycopene increased vitamin E levels and decreased the ash and vitamin A content of the final products. Lycopene also lowered the aroma and flavour scores, and increased the shear force values of the final products. The addition of lycopene lowered the pH of the products measured in a water homogenate and deteriorated the hydration properties of meat. Lycopene increased the darkness and the contribution of redness, which led to an increase in colour saturation and hue values of the evaluated samples. It can be concluded that lycopene exerted antioxidant effects and improved the colour parameters on the external surface and along the cross-section of processed meat. However, the specific flavour of tomatoes deteriorated the sensory attributes of the final products.

New opportunities for developing tomato varieties with enhanced carotenoid content

The development of varieties with a high content of antioxidant compounds, such as carotenoids, has become a major focus in the marketing of tomato. Several mutants have been used in the development of high pigment varieties, but the significant influence of the environment on carotenoid content and the presence of negative side effects in vegetative growth and yield have limited the success of these variants. Consequently, the identification of alternative sources of variation in the quest for high carotenoid content is ongoing. In this study, 12 accessions of Solanum lycopersicum (including the former var cerasiforme) and S. pimpinelifolium have been evaluated in three different environments: open field and glasshouse cultivation at two sites. Three accessions (BGV6195 of S. pimpinellifolium, LA1423 of the former var cerasiforme and LA3633 a possible hybrid between S. pimpinellifolium and S. lycopersicum) showed outstanding and stable lycopene content, that doubled in all three environments the content of the positive control LA3538, with the high pigment-1 mutation (hp1). In addition, accession CATIE14812 would also be interesting as regards improvement of -carotene content. These materials offer new opportunities in the development of tomato varieties with enriched and reliable carotenoid content and the close taxonomic relationship of these accessions with cultivated tomato will facilitate their use in breeding programs.(AU)

The Effect of Lycopene Addition on the Chemical Composition, Sensory Attributes and Physicochemical Properties of Steamed and Grilled Turkey Breast

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lycopene addition to the curing mixture for steamed and grilled breast muscles on the chemical composition, sensory attributes and physicochemical parameters of the final products. The experimental material comprised a total of 48 breast muscles of Hybrid XL turkeys aged 15 weeks and fed commercial pelleted diets. The material was divided into three groups (control, experimental groups I and II). Sixteen breast muscles (8 left and 8 right) were assigned to each group. Control group samples were immediately transported to a laboratory. The remaining 32 muscles were steamed and grilled, where 16 samples were cured before heat treatment. The curing brine contained tomato peel extract standardized for 5% lycopene content. The results of the study indicate that the lycopene increased vitamin E levels and decreased the ash and vitamin A content of the final products. Lycopene also lowered the aroma and flavour scores, and increased the shear force values of the final products. The addition of lycopene lowered the pH of the products measured in a water homogenate and deteriorated the hydration properties of meat. Lycopene increased the darkness and the contribution of redness, which led to an increase in colour saturation and hue values of the evaluated samples. It can be concluded that lycopene exerted antioxidant effects and improved the colour parameters on the external surface and along the cross-section of processed meat. However, the specific flavour of tomatoes deteriorated the sensory attributes of the final products. (AU)

Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive characteristics of male broiler breeders during the post-peak production phase / Efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte na fase pós pico de produção

Because of their membrane constitution, sperm cells of male broiler breeders are prone to lipid peroxidation, which affects their fertilizing capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation on the reproductive characteristics of 12 male broiler breeders (Cobb) older than 50 weeks. The roosters were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (treatment 1: commercial feed; treatment 2: commercial feed supplemented with canthaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin C) and 6 replicates. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage, and then underwent evaluation of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, vigor, and morphology. Morphometric analyses of testes, combs, and dewlaps were performed at 68 weeks. Testes samples were collected for morphometric analysis of seminiferous tubules and analysis of cellular proliferation in the germinal epithelium by using immunohistochemical staining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) antibodies. Statistical data analysis was performed using the SAS software (SAS, 2002). No significant effects of antioxidant supplementation were observed on semen characteristics (p > 0.05). A significant positive effect of the antioxidant blend was observed on the percentage of normal sperm, dewlap weight and width, and testes weight and...(AU)

Os espermatozoides de machos reprodutores de frango de corte são células propensas a peroxidação lipídica, dada à constituição biológica de sua membrana, influenciando a capacidade fertilizante do macho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte com idade superior a 50 semanas. Foram utilizados 12 galos Cobb de 50 semanas de idade distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos (tratamento 1: ração comercial; tratamento 2: ração comercial suplementada de cantaxantina, licopeno e vitamina C) e 6 repetições. Amostras de sêmen foram coletadas pelo método de massagem abdominal e submetidas à avaliação do volume seminal, concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. Às 68 semanas de idade, amostras de testículo foram coletadas para determinação da morfometria tubular dos testículos e para análise da proliferação celular no epitélio germinativo através de imunohistoquímica anti-PCNA. A morfometria de testículos, cristas e barbelas foram analisadas nas 68 semanas de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o software SAS (SAS, 2002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) com a adição dos antioxidantes sobre as características seminais. Houve efeito positivo...(AU)

Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive characteristics of male broiler breeders during the post-peak production phase / Efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte na fase pós pico de produção

Because of their membrane constitution, sperm cells of male broiler breeders are prone to lipid peroxidation, which affects their fertilizing capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation on the reproductive characteristics of 12 male broiler breeders (Cobb) older than 50 weeks. The roosters were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (treatment 1: commercial feed; treatment 2: commercial feed supplemented with canthaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin C) and 6 replicates. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage, and then underwent evaluation of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, vigor, and morphology. Morphometric analyses of testes, combs, and dewlaps were performed at 68 weeks. Testes samples were collected for morphometric analysis of seminiferous tubules and analysis of cellular proliferation in the germinal epithelium by using immunohistochemical staining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) antibodies. Statistical data analysis was performed using the SAS software (SAS, 2002). No significant effects of antioxidant supplementation were observed on semen characteristics (p > 0.05). A significant positive effect of the antioxidant blend was observed on the percentage of normal sperm, dewlap weight and width, and testes weight and...

Os espermatozoides de machos reprodutores de frango de corte são células propensas a peroxidação lipídica, dada à constituição biológica de sua membrana, influenciando a capacidade fertilizante do macho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte com idade superior a 50 semanas. Foram utilizados 12 galos Cobb de 50 semanas de idade distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos (tratamento 1: ração comercial; tratamento 2: ração comercial suplementada de cantaxantina, licopeno e vitamina C) e 6 repetições. Amostras de sêmen foram coletadas pelo método de massagem abdominal e submetidas à avaliação do volume seminal, concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. Às 68 semanas de idade, amostras de testículo foram coletadas para determinação da morfometria tubular dos testículos e para análise da proliferação celular no epitélio germinativo através de imunohistoquímica anti-PCNA. A morfometria de testículos, cristas e barbelas foram analisadas nas 68 semanas de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o software SAS (SAS, 2002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) com a adição dos antioxidantes sobre as características seminais. Houve efeito positivo...

Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive characteristics of male broiler breeders during the post-peak production phase / Efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte na fase pós pico de produção

Because of their membrane constitution, sperm cells of male broiler breeders are prone to lipid peroxidation, which affects their fertilizing capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation on the reproductive characteristics of 12 male broiler breeders (Cobb) older than 50 weeks. The roosters were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (treatment 1: commercial feed; treatment 2: commercial feed supplemented with canthaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin C) and 6 replicates. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage, and then underwent evaluation of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, vigor, and morphology. Morphometric analyses of testes, combs, and dewlaps were performed at 68 weeks. Testes samples were collected for morphometric analysis of seminiferous tubules and analysis of cellular proliferation in the germinal epithelium by using immunohistochemical staining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) antibodies. Statistical data analysis was performed using the SAS software (SAS, 2002). No significant effects of antioxidant supplementation were observed on semen characteristics (p > 0.05). A significant positive effect of the antioxidant blend was observed on the percentage of normal sperm, dewlap weight and width, and testes weight and le

Os espermatozoides de machos reprodutores de frango de corte são células propensas a peroxidação lipídica, dada à constituição biológica de sua membrana, influenciando a capacidade fertilizante do macho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte com idade superior a 50 semanas. Foram utilizados 12 galos Cobb de 50 semanas de idade distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos (tratamento 1: ração comercial; tratamento 2: ração comercial suplementada de cantaxantina, licopeno e vitamina C) e 6 repetições. Amostras de sêmen foram coletadas pelo método de massagem abdominal e submetidas à avaliação do volume seminal, concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. Às 68 semanas de idade, amostras de testículo foram coletadas para determinação da morfometria tubular dos testículos e para análise da proliferação celular no epitélio germinativo através de imunohistoquímica anti-PCNA. A morfometria de testículos, cristas e barbelas foram analisadas nas 68 semanas de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o software SAS (SAS, 2002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) com a adição dos antioxidantes sobre as características seminais. Houve efeito positivo

Microscale extraction method for HPLC carotenoid analysis in vegetable matrices

In order to generate simple, efficient analytical methods that are also fast, clean, and economical, and are capable of producing reliable results for a large number of samples, a micro scale extraction method for analysis of carotenoids in vegetable matrices was developed. The efficiency of this adapted method was checked by comparing the results obtained from vegetable matrices, based on extraction equivalence, time required and reagents. Six matrices were used: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), sweet potato with orange pulp (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) flour. Quantification of the total carotenoids was made by spectrophotometry. Quantification and determination of carotenoid profiles were formulated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with photodiode array detection. Microscale extraction was faster, cheaper and cleaner than the commonly used one, and advantageous for analytical laboratories.

Microscale extraction method for HPLC carotenoid analysis in vegetable matrices

In order to generate simple, efficient analytical methods that are also fast, clean, and economical, and are capable of producing reliable results for a large number of samples, a micro scale extraction method for analysis of carotenoids in vegetable matrices was developed. The efficiency of this adapted method was checked by comparing the results obtained from vegetable matrices, based on extraction equivalence, time required and reagents. Six matrices were used: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), sweet potato with orange pulp (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) flour. Quantification of the total carotenoids was made by spectrophotometry. Quantification and determination of carotenoid profiles were formulated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with photodiode array detection. Microscale extraction was faster, cheaper and cleaner than the commonly used one, and advantageous for analytical laboratories.(AU)

CAROTENOIDES NA ALIMENTAÇÃO DE POEDEIRAS

Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de carotenoides nas rações sobre o desempenho, qualidade e estabilidade oxidativa dos ovos de poedeiras brancas, armazenados por até 30 dias em temperatura ambiente e sob refrigeração, 240 poedeiras Dekalb White com 76 semanas de idade foram distribuidas em um DIC com oito tratamentos, seis repetições e oito aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram dispostos da seguinte forma: ração controle (RC - sem adição de carotenoides), RC com adição de astaxantina (AST) (10 mg.kg-1), RC com adição de luteína (LUT) (10 mg.kg-1 ), RC com adição de licopeno (LIC) (10 mg.kg-1 ), RC com adição de astaxantina e luteína (AST + LUT), RC com adição de astaxantina e licopeno (AST + LIC), RC com adição de luteína e licopeno (LUT + LIC), e RC com adição de astaxantina, luteína e licopeno (AST + LUT + LIC). As variáveis analisadas foram consumo de ração (CR), conversão alimentar (kg/kg e kg/dz) (CA), porcentagem de postura (PP), massa dos ovos (MOV), peso médio dos ovos (PO), unidade Haugh (UH), índice de gema (IG), gravidade específica (GE), pH do albúmen (pHa) e da gema (pHg), porcentagem e espessura de casca (EC), coloração de gema crua (CGC), porcentagem de albúmen (%ALB) e gema (%GEM). Para avaliação da qualidade e da estabilidade lipídica foram analisados 20 ovos por tratamento a rmazenados em temperatura ambiente (TA) e refrigerada (TR). Os ovos foram analisados frescos, aos 15 e 30 dias, analisando-se malonaldeído (MDA), peso do ovo (PO), unidade Haugh (UH), índice de gema (IG), pH do albúmen (pHa) e gema (pHg) e coloração de gema (CGC). Adotou-se um DIC em esquema fatorial 8x2 (tratamentos x períodos de armazenamento). Para as características de desempenho e qualidade dos ovos não foi observada diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. No entanto, as gemas dos ovos produzidos pelas aves que receberam astaxantina e licopeno das dietas apresentaram-se mais pigmentadas (p<0,05). Os dados relacionados aos diferentes períodos de armazenamento e ambientes demonstraram diferenças significativas para a concentração de MDA. Os menores valores foram para as RC e a RC com adição de astaxantina. Para a CGC verificou-se que a RC com a adição de AST + LUT, AST + LIC, LUT +LIC proporcionaram maior pigmentação. As estocagens dos ovos, tanto em temperatura ambiente quanto em temperatura refrigerada, foram observadas diferenças significativas da concentração de malonaldeido (MDA), para os diferentes tratamentos, sendo que as RC com adição de AST e RC obtiveram os menores valores. Porém quanto ao período de armazenamento, as concentrações de MDA foram observadas diferenças significativas (p>0,05) somente para os ovos armazenados em temperatura ambiente, os valores foram aumentados conforme aumentou-se o período de armazenamento. As colorações das gemas dos ovos foram diferentes significativamente (p>0,05) tanto para ovos armazenados em temperatura ambiente (TA), como em temperatura refrigerada (TR), as gemas que demonstrarm maior valores de pigmentação foram das gemas das RC com adição de AST + LUT, AST + LIC e LUT + LIC, os valores de menor pigmentação corresponderam a RC com adição de AST + LUT + LIC. Em relação a característica de índice de gema (IG), foi observada interação significativa entre os tratamentos e o período de armazenamento, onde a RC, a RC com adição de AST + LUT e AST + LUT, apresentaram valores consideralvemente mais estabilizados em relação a diminuição do IG. Conclui-se que a inclusão de 10 mg.kg-1 de astaxantina, 10 mg.kg-1 de luteína e 10 mg.kg-1 de licopeno, combinados ou não, em rações comerciais brancas não influencia o desempenho zootécnico e qualidade dos ovos. Os dados de oxidação lipídica (MDA) indicam que os ovos tem melhor estabilidade oxidativa quando as poedeiras são alimentadas com rações baseadas em milho e farelo de soja suplementadas com astaxantina (10 mg.kg1, em comparação à adição do licopeno (10 mg.kg-1). A associação de AST e LUT, AST e LIC e LUT e LIC nas rações de poedeiras proporciona a produção de ovos com gemas mais pigmentadas, no entanto, a combinação da AST, LUT e LIC desencadeia menor capacidade pigmentante. O armazenamento dos ovos por até 30 dias, tanto em temperatura ambiente como sob refrigeração, prejudica a qualidade interna dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais brancas.

In order to evaluate the effects of carotenoid inclusion on rations on performance, quality and oxidative stability of eggs of white laying hens stored for up to 30 days at room temperature and under refrigeration, 240 76 week old Dekalb White hens were distributed in a DIC with eight treatments, six replicates and eight birds per experimental unit. The treatments were as follows: control ration (RC - without addition of carotenoids), RC with addition of astaxanthin (AST) (10 mg.kg-1), RC with lutein addition (LUT) (10 mg.kg- 1), RC with addition of astaxanthin and lutein (AST + LUT), RC with addition of astaxanthin and lycopene (AST + LIC), RC with addition of lycopene (LIC) (10 mg.kg-1), RC with addition of astaxanthin and lycopene (AST + LIC), RC with addition of lutein and lycopene (LUT + LIC), and RC with addition of astaxanthin, lutein and lycopene ( AST + LUT + LIC). The variables analyzed were feed intake, feed conversion (kg / kg and kg / dz) (CA), percentage of laying (PP), egg mass (EM), mean egg weight EW), Haugh unit, yolk index, specific gravity (SG), albumen pH (pHa) and yolk (pHg), percentage and shell thickness (EC), yolk color (YC) of albumen (% ALB) and yolk (% GEM).To evaluate the quality and lipid stability, 20 eggs per treatment were analyzed at room temperature (TA) and refrigerated (TR). The eggs were analyzed fresh at 15 and 30 days, analyzing malonaldehyde (MDA), egg weight (PO), Haugh unit (UH), yolk index (GA), albumen pH (pHa) and yolk (pHg) and yolk color (CGC). A DIC was adopted in factorial scheme 8x2 (treatments x storage periods). No significant differences were observed between treatments. However, egg yolks produced by birds receiving astaxanthin and lycopene from the diets were more pigmented (p>0,05). The aspects related to the different storage periods and environments showed significant differences for the MDA concentration. The lowest values were for CR and CR with addition of astaxanthin. For CGC, it was found that CR with the addition of AST + LUT, AST + LIC, LUT + LIC provided higher pigmentation. Egg storage, both at room temperature and in refrigerated temperature, showed significant differences in the concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) for the different treatments, and the RC with addition of AST and RC had the lowest values. However for the storage period, MDA concentrations were observed significant differences (p< 0,05) only for eggs stored at room temperature, the values were increased as the storage period was increased. The egg yolk colorations were significantly different (p<0,05) for both eggs stored at room temperature (TA) and in refrigerated temperature (TR), the gems that showed higher values of pigmentation were from the buds of the CR with addition of AST + LUT, AST + LIC and, the lowest pigment values corresponded to RC with addition of AST + LUT + LIC. In relation to the yolk index (IG) characteristic, a significant interaction was observed between the treatments and the storage period, where the RC, the RC with addition of AST + LUT and AST + LUT, presented values that were considerably stabilized in relation to decrease in the IG. It is concluded that the inclusion of astaxanthin (10 mg.kg-1), lutein 10 mg.kg-1 and lycopene 10 mg.kg-1, combined or not, in white commercial egg-laying rations does not influence zootechnical performance and quality of eggs. Lipid oxidation data (MDA) indicate that the eggs have better oxidative stability when the layers are fed with rations based on corn and soybean meal supplemented with astaxanthin (mg.kg -1 10, compared to the addition of lycopene (10 -1 mg.kg). The Association of AST and AST, LUT, LIC and LUT and LIC in feed of layers provides the production of eggs with yolks more pigmented, however, the combination of AST, LUT and LIC triggers lower capacity pigmentante. The storage of eggs for up to 30 days, both at room temperature as under refrigeration, undermines the internal quality of eggs of layers white commercial.

Carotenoid contents in Brazilian tomato products / Teores de carotenoides em produtos de tomate

The carotenoid contents in Brazilian tomato produc0ts were previously determined at our laboratory by using raw material. The data regarding the development of new products, the advances on processing technologies and analytical techniques, need to be updated. In this context, the present study was carried out in order to determine the carotenoid contents of processed tomato products by means of HPLC. Samples of ketchup, sauce, paste, pulp and dried tomato were purchased at supermarkets in Campinas, Brazil. For each product, five different lots from each of the three brands (a total of 65 samples) were purchased, each lot consisting of three randomly collected packages. The lycopene and -carotene concentration ranges (g/g) were 188-261 and 9.3-13 for paste, 111-203 and 5.1-7.0 for ketchup, 77-117 and 4.4-7.3 for pulp, 93-112 and 5.1-6.4 for sauce, 231-471 and 7.0-25 for dried tomato, respectively. Dried tomatoes, which were analyzed for the first time, showed the highest lycopene and lutein concentrations. -carotene contents in the paste and lycopene contents in tomato paste and in ketchup samples analyzed by the present study were higher than those obtained in the previous investigation.

A composição dos carotenoides em produtos de tomate foi anteriormente determinada em nosso laboratório, utilizando-se cromatografia em coluna aberta. Em virtude da introdução de novas variedades de tomate, do desenvolvimento de novos produtos e dos avanços tecnológicos nas áreas de processamento e de técnicas analíticas, esses dados necessitavam ser atualizados. Neste contexto, no presente estudo determinou-se a composição de carotenoides em produtos de tomates por meio de técnica CLAE. As amostras de extrato, catchup, polpa, molho pronto e tomate seco foram adquiridas em supermercados em Campinas-SP. Para cada produto, foram adquiridos cinco lotes diferentes de cada uma das três marcas (no total de 65 amostras), em que cada lote foi composto por três embalagens coletadas ao acaso. As faixas de licopeno e de -caroteno total (g/g) foram, respectivamente, 188-261 e 9,3-13 para extrato, 111-203 e 5,1-7,0 para catchup, 77-117 e 4,4-7,3 para polpa, 93-112 e 5,1-6,4 para molho pronto e 231-471 e 7,0-25 para tomate seco. O tomate seco, que foi analisado pela primeira vez, apresentou os maiores teores de licopeno e luteína. Os teores de -caroteno do extrato e licopeno do extrato e catchup foram maiores nas amostras analisadas neste estudo, quando comparados com os resultados obtidos no trabalho anterior.

Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive characteristics of male broiler breeders during the post-peak production phase / Efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte na fase pós pico de produção

Because of their membrane constitution, sperm cells of male broiler breeders are prone to lipid peroxidation, which affects their fertilizing capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation on the reproductive characteristics of 12 male broiler breeders (Cobb) older than 50 weeks. The roosters were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (treatment 1: commercial feed; treatment 2: commercial feed supplemented with canthaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin C) and 6 replicates. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage, and then underwent evaluation of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, vigor, and morphology. Morphometric analyses of testes, combs, and dewlaps were performed at 68 weeks. Testes samples were collected for morphometric analysis of seminiferous tubules and analysis of cellular proliferation in the germinal epithelium by using immunohistochemical staining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) antibodies. Statistical data analysis was performed using the SAS software (SAS, 2002). No significant effects of antioxidant supplementation were observed on semen characteristics (p > 0.05). A significant positive effect of the antioxidant blend was observed on the percentage of normal sperm, dewlap weight and width, and testes weight and le

Os espermatozoides de machos reprodutores de frango de corte são células propensas a peroxidação lipídica, dada à constituição biológica de sua membrana, influenciando a capacidade fertilizante do macho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte com idade superior a 50 semanas. Foram utilizados 12 galos Cobb de 50 semanas de idade distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos (tratamento 1: ração comercial; tratamento 2: ração comercial suplementada de cantaxantina, licopeno e vitamina C) e 6 repetições. Amostras de sêmen foram coletadas pelo método de massagem abdominal e submetidas à avaliação do volume seminal, concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. Às 68 semanas de idade, amostras de testículo foram coletadas para determinação da morfometria tubular dos testículos e para análise da proliferação celular no epitélio germinativo através de imunohistoquímica anti-PCNA. A morfometria de testículos, cristas e barbelas foram analisadas nas 68 semanas de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o software SAS (SAS, 2002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) com a adição dos antioxidantes sobre as características seminais. Houve efeito positivo

O tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum) como alimento funcional. Artigo de revisão / The tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) as a functional food. A review article

Os radicais livres agem continuamente no organismo, podendo desencadear danos celulares e serem os responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de câncer e certas doenças crônicas. Estudos mostram que o licopeno exerce função antioxidante, protegendo moléculas de lipídeos, lipoproteínas de baixa densidade, proteínas e DNA contra o ataque dos radicais livres, tendo um papel essencial na proteção de doenças. O tomate é uma das principais fontes de licopeno, sua estrutura química única torna-o o melhor supressor biológico conhecido de radicais livres, especialmente aqueles derivados do oxigênio. Como prevenção, preconiza-se o consumo de dietas ricas em alimentos fontes de licopeno como tomates e seus produtos (purê, pasta, catchup), pitanga, goiaba vermelha, mamão vermelho e melancia. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão de dados científicos sobre o tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum) como alimento funcional.(AU)

Free radicals are continuously on the organism, being capable of promoting cellular damage and development of cancer among other chronic diseases. Studies show that lycopene has antioxidant action, protecting lipid molecules, low-density lipoproteins, proteins and DNA against the attack of free radicals. They have an essential function in the protection against diseases. The tomate is one of principal source of lycopene, has only one chemistry structure that become it the best biologyc suppress know of free radicals, speciality those oxygen depends. As a precaution, one should eat foods that are a source of lycopene: tomatoes and tomato-products (purée, pasta, ketchup), pitanga, red guava, red papaya and watermelon. This paper present a review of scientific data about tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum) as functional food. (AU)