Ocorrência de miíases em animais de companhia no Distrito Federal, brasilimação cardiopulmonar / cerebral (RCPC) em cães / Occurrence of myiasis in pets from the Federal District, in Brazil

Background: Myiasis is one of the main causes of infestation by Diptera larvae in animals and human beings. This parasitic disease is frequently diagnosed at veterinary and medical practices. It is classified according to its anatomical location in the host or to its dependency relations and parasitic occurrence. In Brazil, the two diptera species with the highest myiasis incidence in domestic animals are Cochliomyia hominivorax (Calliphoridae) and Dermatobia hominis (Oestridae). These ectoparasites are primarily found in dogs and secondarily in cats, and they are often associated with omission or mistreatment by the owner. This study describes myiasis cases and the main predisposing factors in domestic animals that occurred in 2009 in the Federal District, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: Between January and December 2009, veterinary practitioners from 90 small animal practices were requested to supply the larvae collected from clinical myiasis cases. The larvae were kept alive inside biological containers containing vermiculite to preserve their integrity during transportation. Data on the collection month, age, gender, breed, color and type of coat, as well as lesion site, myiasis type and dwelling type were obtained. The larvae were identified in laboratory and then kept inside incubators, fed on rotten bovine meat during 24h. The resulting flies were again identified and sexed. Then the absolute and relative proportions of the clinical cases were obtained, based on the epidemiological factors and respective parasites. Forty cases were recorded (39 of which were dogs and one was a cat). Cochliomyia hominivorax was the most abundant parasite, with 37 cases observed in dogs and only one in a cat. The other two myiasis cases were caused by Lucilia eximia and Musca domestica. In dogs, the highest occurrence of myiasis was observed in males, especially in German Sheepdogs and Cocker Spaniels. The predominant anatomical sites of the disease in dogs were the front limbs and tail. The period in which the disease occurred most frequently was between March and May, period which corresponds to the rainy season in the Brazilian Cerrado. Dogs living in houses within urban areas had the highest parasitism occurrence. Discussion: Myiasis in companion animals is a common finding throughout practices in Brazil and around the world. However, this situation has been under control in North American countries, especially after erradication of myiases caused by C. hominivorax in bovines, which represented great economic losses. Therefore, the incidence of the parasitism in dogs and cats was reduced. In Brazil, obligatory and facultative cutaneous myiases in dogs and cats are caused by omission and mistreatment by the owner. The results presented in this study corroborate the characteristics of neotropical myiases in the Southeast and South region of Brazil in relation to the incidence period and preferential host characteristics, except that the disease has a preference for male light-colored animals, being predominantly observed on the hind limbs. New cases were observed in dogs, particularly in Central Brazil, such as the facultative cutaneous myiasis cases caused by Lucilia eximia and Musca domestica.

Ocorrência de miíases em animais de companhia no Distrito Federal, brasilimação cardiopulmonar / cerebral (RCPC) em cães / Occurrence of myiasis in pets from the Federal District, in Brazil

Background: Myiasis is one of the main causes of infestation by Diptera larvae in animals and human beings. This parasitic disease is frequently diagnosed at veterinary and medical practices. It is classified according to its anatomical location in the host or to its dependency relations and parasitic occurrence. In Brazil, the two diptera species with the highest myiasis incidence in domestic animals are Cochliomyia hominivorax (Calliphoridae) and Dermatobia hominis (Oestridae). These ectoparasites are primarily found in dogs and secondarily in cats, and they are often associated with omission or mistreatment by the owner. This study describes myiasis cases and the main predisposing factors in domestic animals that occurred in 2009 in the Federal District, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: Between January and December 2009, veterinary practitioners from 90 small animal practices were requested to supply the larvae collected from clinical myiasis cases. The larvae were kept alive inside biological containers containing vermiculite to preserve their integrity during transportation. Data on the collection month, age, gender, breed, color and type of coat, as well as lesion site, myiasis type and dwelling type were obtained. The larvae were identified in laboratory and then kept inside incubators, fed on rotten bovine meat during 24h. The resulting flies were again identified and sexed. Then the absolute and relative proportions of the clinical cases were obtained, based on the epidemiological factors and respective parasites. Forty cases were recorded (39 of which were dogs and one was a cat). Cochliomyia hominivorax was the most abundant parasite, with 37 cases observed in dogs and only one in a cat. The other two myiasis cases were caused by Lucilia eximia and Musca domestica. In dogs, the highest occurrence of myiasis was observed in males, especially in German Sheepdogs and Cocker Spaniels. The predominant anatomical sites of the disease in dogs were the front limbs and tail. The period in which the disease occurred most frequently was between March and May, period which corresponds to the rainy season in the Brazilian Cerrado. Dogs living in houses within urban areas had the highest parasitism occurrence. Discussion: Myiasis in companion animals is a common finding throughout practices in Brazil and around the world. However, this situation has been under control in North American countries, especially after erradication of myiases caused by C. hominivorax in bovines, which represented great economic losses. Therefore, the incidence of the parasitism in dogs and cats was reduced. In Brazil, obligatory and facultative cutaneous myiases in dogs and cats are caused by omission and mistreatment by the owner. The results presented in this study corroborate the characteristics of neotropical myiases in the Southeast and South region of Brazil in relation to the incidence period and preferential host characteristics, except that the disease has a preference for male light-colored animals, being predominantly observed on the hind limbs. New cases were observed in dogs, particularly in Central Brazil, such as the facultative cutaneous myiasis cases caused by Lucilia eximia and Musca domestica.(AU)

Two new species of Leporinus Agassiz, 1829 from Araguaia-Tocantins system, Amazon basin, Brazil (Ostariophysi, Anostomidae)

Two new species of genus Leporinus from the Araguaia-Tocantins system, Amazon, Brazil, are described. Leporinus unitaeniatus n. sp. is distinguished from the remaining species of this genus by the presence of a conspicuous longitudinal dark brown bar along the lateral line on the flanks, and Leporinus geminis n. sp. is distinguished by an inconspicuous dark bar combined with three large and vertically elongated brown blotches on the trunk; the first on the dorsal fin region, the second anterior to the adipose fin and the third on the caudal peduncle. Both are medium-sized species of the genus (up to 150 mm SL) and share the following combination of meristic characters: 4 teeth on each premaxillary and dentary; 40-43 scales in the lateral line, 6/I/5 scales on the transversal line, and 16 series of scales around the caudal peduncle. L. unitaeniatus n. sp. has a sub-terminal mouth and tooth series formed by incisive-like elongated teeth frontally turned and with only a straight cutting edge decreasing in size like the steps of stairs from the teeth pair of symphysis. Leporinus geminis n. sp. has a sub-inferior mouth and the tooth series shaped by large incisive-like teeth forming an arched cutting edge, decreasing in size from the symphysal pair of teeth.

Duas novas espécies do gênero Leporinus originárias dos rios Araguaia e Tocantins são descritas e distinguidas das demais espécies desse gênero na bacia Amazônica. Leporinus unitaeniatus sp. n., por possuir uma fina listra longitudinal castanho-escura ao longo da linha lateral e 12 a 15 barras transversais castanho-escuras sobre o dorso que não alcançam a linha lateral. Leporinus geminis sp. n., por apresentar uma larga listra longitudinal castanho-escura ao longo da linha lateral entre a vertical com origem da nadadeira pélvica e a nadadeira caudal e duas ou três largas manchas castanho-escuras verticalmente alongadas sobre o tronco: abaixo da nadadeira dorsal, na região anterior à nadadeira adiposa e sobre o pedúnculo caudal. Ambas são espécies de médio porte do gênero (em torno de 150 mm CP) e podem ser diagnosticadas pela seguinte combinação de caracteres merísticos: 4/4 dentes, 40-43 escamas na linha lateral, 6/I/5 escamas na linha transversal e 16 escamas circumpedunculares. Leporinus unitaeniatus sp. n. apresenta a abertura bucal em posição subterminal e a arcada dentária composta por dentes incisiviformes alongados de borda cortante simples, voltados para a frente e decrescendo progressivamente de tamanho a partir do par da sínfise. Leporinus geminis sp. n. se caracteriza pela posição subinferior da boca e pela arcada dentária formada por dentes incisiviformes largos, de borda cortante escavada internamente, também decrescendo em tamanho a partir da sínfise dentária.

Revision of the South American freshwater fish genus Laemolyta Cope, 1872 (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Anostomidae)

The anostomid genus Laemolyta Cope, 1872, is redefined.Various morphological, especially osteological characters in addition to the commonly utilized features of dentition proved useful for its characterization. A taxonomic revision of all species was made using meristics, morphometrics and color pattern. Five species are recognized: Laemolyta fernandezi Myers, 1950, from the río Orinoco (Venezuela) and the sub-basins Tocantins/Araguaia and Xingu, L. orinocensis (Steindachner, 1879), restricted to the río Orinoco, L. garmani (Borodin, 1931) and L. proxima (Garman, 1890), from the Amazon basin with the latter also occurring in the Essequibo River (Guiana), and L. taeniata (Kner, 1859), from the Amazon and Orinoco basins. Laemolyta garmani macra is considered a synonym of L. garmani, L. petiti a synonym of L. fernandezi, and L. nitens and L. varia synonyms of L. proxima. Lectotypes are designated herein for L. orinocencis and L. taeniata.

O gênero Laemolyta Cope, 1872 da família Anostomidae é redefinido e além das características da dentição usualmente utilizadas, outros caracteres morfológicos, principalmente osteológicos, também se revelaram úteis para sua conceituação. Foi feita a revisão taxonômica de todas as espécies utilizando-se dados morfométricos, merísticos e padrão de colorido. Cinco espécies são reconhecidas: Laemolyta fernandezi Myers, 1950 do rio Orinoco (Venezuela) e rios Tocantins/Araguaia e Xingu, Laemolyta orinocensis (Steindachner, 1879) restrita ao rio Orenoco, L. garmani (Borodin, 1931) e Laemolyta proxima (Garman, 1890) da bacia Amazônica, esta última ocorrendo também no rio Essequibo (Guianas) e Laemolyta taeniata (Kner, 1859) da bacia Amazônica e rio Orenoco. Laemolyta garmani macra é considerada sinônimo de L. garmani, L. petiti sinônimo de L. fernandezi e L. nitens e L. varia sinônimos de L. proxima. São designados lectótipos de L. orinocencis e L. taeniata.

Revision of the South American freshwater fish genus Laemolyta Cope, 1872 (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Anostomidae)

The anostomid genus Laemolyta Cope, 1872, is redefined.Various morphological, especially osteological characters in addition to the commonly utilized features of dentition proved useful for its characterization. A taxonomic revision of all species was made using meristics, morphometrics and color pattern. Five species are recognized: Laemolyta fernandezi Myers, 1950, from the río Orinoco (Venezuela) and the sub-basins Tocantins/Araguaia and Xingu, L. orinocensis (Steindachner, 1879), restricted to the río Orinoco, L. garmani (Borodin, 1931) and L. proxima (Garman, 1890), from the Amazon basin with the latter also occurring in the Essequibo River (Guiana), and L. taeniata (Kner, 1859), from the Amazon and Orinoco basins. Laemolyta garmani macra is considered a synonym of L. garmani, L. petiti a synonym of L. fernandezi, and L. nitens and L. varia synonyms of L. proxima. Lectotypes are designated herein for L. orinocencis and L. taeniata.

O gênero Laemolyta Cope, 1872 da família Anostomidae é redefinido e além das características da dentição usualmente utilizadas, outros caracteres morfológicos, principalmente osteológicos, também se revelaram úteis para sua conceituação. Foi feita a revisão taxonômica de todas as espécies utilizando-se dados morfométricos, merísticos e padrão de colorido. Cinco espécies são reconhecidas: Laemolyta fernandezi Myers, 1950 do rio Orinoco (Venezuela) e rios Tocantins/Araguaia e Xingu, Laemolyta orinocensis (Steindachner, 1879) restrita ao rio Orenoco, L. garmani (Borodin, 1931) e Laemolyta proxima (Garman, 1890) da bacia Amazônica, esta última ocorrendo também no rio Essequibo (Guianas) e Laemolyta taeniata (Kner, 1859) da bacia Amazônica e rio Orenoco. Laemolyta garmani macra é considerada sinônimo de L. garmani, L. petiti sinônimo de L. fernandezi e L. nitens e L. varia sinônimos de L. proxima. São designados lectótipos de L. orinocencis e L. taeniata.

Notas sobre os gêneros Deltosoma e Thelgetra (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Pteroplatini)

The four species of Deltosoma are commented and illustrated. Deltosoma hovorella Di Iorio, 2003 is considered a synonym of D. xerophila Di Iorio, 1995. A key to the species of Deltosoma is given. Pteroplatus adustus Burmeister, 1865 is transferred to the genus Thelgetra Thomson, 1864, and Pteroplatus radiatus Haase, 1893 is synonymized with Thelgetra latipennis Thomson, 1864.

As quatro espécies do gênero Deltosoma Thomson, 1864 são comentadas e ilustradas. Deltosoma hovorella Di Iorio, 2003 é sinonimizada com D. xerophila Di Iorio, 1995 e acrescenta-se uma chave para as espécies de Deltosoma. Pteroplatus adustus Burmeister, 1865 é transferida para Thelgetra Thomson, 1864 e Pteroplatus radiatus Haase, 1893 é considerada sinônima de Thelgetra latipennis Thomson, 1864.

Notas sobre os gêneros Deltosoma e Thelgetra (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Pteroplatini)

The four species of Deltosoma are commented and illustrated. Deltosoma hovorella Di Iorio, 2003 is considered a synonym of D. xerophila Di Iorio, 1995. A key to the species of Deltosoma is given. Pteroplatus adustus Burmeister, 1865 is transferred to the genus Thelgetra Thomson, 1864, and Pteroplatus radiatus Haase, 1893 is synonymized with Thelgetra latipennis Thomson, 1864.

As quatro espécies do gênero Deltosoma Thomson, 1864 são comentadas e ilustradas. Deltosoma hovorella Di Iorio, 2003 é sinonimizada com D. xerophila Di Iorio, 1995 e acrescenta-se uma chave para as espécies de Deltosoma. Pteroplatus adustus Burmeister, 1865 é transferida para Thelgetra Thomson, 1864 e Pteroplatus radiatus Haase, 1893 é considerada sinônima de Thelgetra latipennis Thomson, 1864.