Growth analysis, photosynthate partition and nodulation in bean and soybean / Análise de crescimento, partição de fotoassimilados e nodulação em feijão e soja

Photoassimilate partition and allocation among plant organs varies throughout their development and is also influenced by factors inherent to the genotype and the environment. Nodulation in the soybean-diazotrophic bacteria interaction is more effective than in the bean-diazotrophic bacteria interaction. This investigation studied growth and photoassimilate partitioning throughout the bean and soybean cycles and inferred how much it could affect the nodulation of the roots. For this purpose, an experiment with two treatments was carried out, soybean (cultivar BRS GO - 7760 - RR) and bean (cultivar BRS Estilo), with four replications, conducted in pots and entirely randomized. The seeds were inoculated with commercial rhizobia specific for bean and soybean LeguMax® (Novozymes-Turfal). Plants were analyzed throughout their cycles based on leaf area and dry mass of all organs, including nodules. Mathematical models were fitted to the data and based on them, the instantaneous physiological indicators of growth were estimated, and the percentages of photoassimilate partition among organs were evaluated. Crop growth rate, relative growth rates, net assimilation rate as well as net photosynthesis rate had higher values in soybean compared to bean, following the pattern of leaf area and total dry mass. For both species, the highest rates occurred at the beginning of the cycle, decreasing with age. Unlike the bean, soybean has a high capacity to supply photosynthates to all of its organs throughout its entire cycle, favoring the maintenance of nodule growth and explaining its greater capacity for nitrogen assimilation.

Durante o desenvolvimento das plantas a partição e alocação de fotoassimilados variam entre os seus órgãos, e dependem de fatores inerentes ao genótipo e ao meio ambiente. A nodulação é mais efetiva na interação soja-bactéria diazotrófica do que na interação feijão-bactéria diazotrófica. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar o crescimento e a partição de fotoassimilados ao longo dos ciclos do feijão e da soja e inferir o quanto isso pode afetar a nodulação das raízes. Para tanto, foi instalado um experimento com dois tratamentos, soja (cultivar BRS GO - 7760 - RR) e feijão comum (cultivar BRS Estilo), com quatro repetições, conduzido em vasos e inteiramente ao acaso. As sementes foram inoculadas com inoculantes comerciais específicos para feijão e soja LeguMax® (Novozymes-Turfal). Plantas foram coletadas ao longo de seus ciclos e medidas as áreas foliares e as massas secas de todos os órgãos, incluindo nódulos. Modelos matemáticos foram ajustados aos dados e, com base neles, foram estimados os indicadores fisiológicos instantâneos do crescimento e, também, foram avaliadas as porcentagens de partição de fotoassimilados entre os órgãos. A taxa de crescimento das culturas (CGR), as taxas de crescimento relativo (RGR), a taxa líquida de assimilação (NAR) e a taxa líquida de fotossíntese (Pn) apresentaram maiores valores na soja em relação ao feijoeiro. Para ambas as culturas as maiores taxas ocorreram no início do ciclo, decrescendo ao longo do ciclo cultural. Diferentemente do feijoeiro a soja tem alta capacidade de suprir de fotoassimilados a todos os seus órgãos ao longo de todo o seu ciclo, o que favorece o maior crescimento dos seus nódulos, justificando a sua maior capacidade na captura do N2 atmosférico.

Subcutaneous abscess caused by Trueperella pyogenes in a bovine in the Western Amazon: case report / Abscesso subcutâneo por Trueperella pyogenes em bovino na Amazônia Ocidental: relato de caso

Trueperella pyogenes is a pathogenic bacterium that causes suppurative infections in domestic and wild animals as well as humans. This paper describes a clinical case of subcutaneous abscess by T. pyogenes in a bovine in the Western Amazon, Brazil. During anamnesis, intramuscular injectable drug administration in the middle third of the left gluteal biceps muscle and the practice of reusing needles were reported. The clinical examination revealed edema, hyperthermia and high pain sensitivity to the touch in the region. A sample was collected through a puncture incision for the bacterial culture, during which T. pyogenes was isolated. The therapeutic approach was the use of a systemic antimicrobial and topical care, with a good prognosis. This report is the first description of infection by T. pyogenes in cattle in the Western Amazon and underscores the importance of appropriate sanitary management in herds, especially the use of disposable needles and hygiene at the site of parenteral drug application.

A Trueperella pyogenes é uma bactéria patogênica, causadora de infecções supurativas em animais domésticos e silvestres, além de seres humanos. Descreve-se um caso clínico de abscesso subcutâneo por T. pyogenes em bovino na Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Durante a anamnese, foi relatada a administração de fármaco injetável por via intramuscular no terço médio do músculo glúteo bíceps esquerdo, além da prática de reutilização de agulhas. No exame clínico, observou-se edema, hipertermia e elevada sensibilidade dolorosa ao toque da região. Foi realizada inciso-punção e colheita de amostra para cultivo bacteriano, no qual isolou-se a T. pyogenes. A conduta terapêutica instituída foi baseada no uso de antimicrobiano sistêmico e cuidados tópicos, apresentando bom prognóstico. O relato de caso apresentado denota a primeira descrição da infecção por Trueperella pyogenes em bovino na Amazônia Ocidental e alerta para a relevância do manejo sanitário adequado nas criações, sobretudo quanto à utilização de agulhas descartáveis e higienização no local da aplicação de fármacos por via parenteral.

Subcutaneous abscess caused by Trueperella pyogenes in a bovine in the Western Amazon: case report / Abscesso subcutâneo por Trueperella pyogenes em bovino na Amazônia Ocidental: relato de caso

Trueperella pyogenes is a pathogenic bacterium that causes suppurative infections in domestic and wild animals as well as humans. This paper describes a clinical case of subcutaneous abscess by T. pyogenes in a bovine in the Western Amazon, Brazil. During anamnesis, intramuscular injectable drug administration in the middle third of the left gluteal biceps muscle and the practice of reusing needles were reported. The clinical examination revealed edema, hyperthermia and high pain sensitivity to the touch in the region. A sample was collected through a puncture incision for the bacterial culture, during which T. pyogenes was isolated. The therapeutic approach was the use of a systemic antimicrobial and topical care, with a good prognosis. This report is the first description of infection by T. pyogenes in cattle in the Western Amazon and underscores the importance of appropriate sanitary management in herds, especially the use of disposable needles and hygiene at the site of parenteral drug application.(AU)

A Trueperella pyogenes é uma bactéria patogênica, causadora de infecções supurativas em animais domésticos e silvestres, além de seres humanos. Descreve-se um caso clínico de abscesso subcutâneo por T. pyogenes em bovino na Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Durante a anamnese, foi relatada a administração de fármaco injetável por via intramuscular no terço médio do músculo glúteo bíceps esquerdo, além da prática de reutilização de agulhas. No exame clínico, observou-se edema, hipertermia e elevada sensibilidade dolorosa ao toque da região. Foi realizada inciso-punção e colheita de amostra para cultivo bacteriano, no qual isolou-se a T. pyogenes. A conduta terapêutica instituída foi baseada no uso de antimicrobiano sistêmico e cuidados tópicos, apresentando bom prognóstico. O relato de caso apresentado denota a primeira descrição da infecção por Trueperella pyogenes em bovino na Amazônia Ocidental e alerta para a relevância do manejo sanitário adequado nas criações, sobretudo quanto à utilização de agulhas descartáveis e higienização no local da aplicação de fármacos por via parenteral.(AU)

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in a free-ranging opossum (Didelphis marsupialis)

Background: Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH) in the liver is a solid lesion characterized by spontaneous benign nonneoplastic hepatocellular proliferation that occurs in animals and humans. The clinical course of FNH is usually asymptomatic in animals and humans; and its diagnosis is often an incidental finding during surgery, necropsy/autopsy, or imaging procedures for unrelated symptoms. Despite the lack of clinical significance or malignant transformation potential, FNH is an important differential diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma, well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, nodular regenerative hyperplasia and metastatic disease. FNH is particularly uncommon in wild marsupials and other wild animals and this study aimed to describe for the first time the occurrence of hepatic FNH in a free-ranging marsupial.Case: During the fieldwork activities for investigation of liver diseases in wild animals, a well-demarcated, non-encapsulated focal nodule measuring 2.0 x 1.5 x 2.0 cm was observed on the parietal surface of right liver lobe of a wildlife adult female opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) from Anajás City, Marajó Island, Brazil. The nodule had a smooth, tan-to-yellow cut surface with small reddish areas devoid of visible fibrous bands and/or scars. The opossum was in good body condition and no other gross lesions were observed. Liver samples were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed for histopathological analysis. Tissue samples were embedded in paraffin, cut in 5 µm sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Massons trichrome (MT), reticulin and Perls stains and the slides were evaluated under light microscope. Liver tissue samples were also snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and submitted to DNA and RNA extraction for molecular screening for Orthohepadnavirus and Hepacivirus (homologous to hepatitis B and C viruses respectively) by previously described nested PCR and RT-PCR techniques.[...](AU)

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in a free-ranging opossum (Didelphis marsupialis)

Background: Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH) in the liver is a solid lesion characterized by spontaneous benign nonneoplastic hepatocellular proliferation that occurs in animals and humans. The clinical course of FNH is usually asymptomatic in animals and humans; and its diagnosis is often an incidental finding during surgery, necropsy/autopsy, or imaging procedures for unrelated symptoms. Despite the lack of clinical significance or malignant transformation potential, FNH is an important differential diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma, well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, nodular regenerative hyperplasia and metastatic disease. FNH is particularly uncommon in wild marsupials and other wild animals and this study aimed to describe for the first time the occurrence of hepatic FNH in a free-ranging marsupial.Case: During the fieldwork activities for investigation of liver diseases in wild animals, a well-demarcated, non-encapsulated focal nodule measuring 2.0 x 1.5 x 2.0 cm was observed on the parietal surface of right liver lobe of a wildlife adult female opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) from Anajás City, Marajó Island, Brazil. The nodule had a smooth, tan-to-yellow cut surface with small reddish areas devoid of visible fibrous bands and/or scars. The opossum was in good body condition and no other gross lesions were observed. Liver samples were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed for histopathological analysis. Tissue samples were embedded in paraffin, cut in 5 µm sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Masson’s trichrome (MT), reticulin and Perls stains and the slides were evaluated under light microscope. Liver tissue samples were also snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and submitted to DNA and RNA extraction for molecular screening for Orthohepadnavirus and Hepacivirus (homologous to hepatitis B and C viruses respectively) by previously described nested PCR and RT-PCR techniques.[...]

Dysphagia secondary to Spirocerca lupi in a German shepherd dog

Background: Spirocerca lupi is a nematode that causes nodules in the esophagus and aortic aneurysms in dogs. Animals are infected by eating intermediate host (beetle) containing infective larvae or consuming viscera containing parasitic cysts from paratenic hosts. Dogs commonly have a subclinical presentation, but the most common signs are vomiting and regurgitation. Visualizing nodules or neoplastic masses via esophagoscopy and the presence of S. lupi eggs in feces are the best diagnostic methods. Milbemycin oxime is effective as a treatment for S. lupi. The objective of this study was to describe the diagnostic and medical management of a patient with dysphagia secondary to esophageal S. lupi nodules.Case: A 7-year-old male German shepherd dog was referred for endoscopic examination. The animal presented with chronic severe dysphagia and weight loss with a presumptive diagnosis of an esophageal foreign body. At palpation of the neck, the dog was painful just dorsal to the cricoid cartilage and had submandibular lymphadenomegaly. The animal also exhibited a dropped jaw which could be returned to its normal position by manipulation. Radiographic examination demonstrated a radiopaque image compatible with a mass in the cranial esophagus just caudal to the upper esophageal sphincter. A fluoroscopy study was performed and confirmed the presence of a mass apparently within the [...]

Dysphagia secondary to Spirocerca lupi in a German shepherd dog

Background: Spirocerca lupi is a nematode that causes nodules in the esophagus and aortic aneurysms in dogs. Animals are infected by eating intermediate host (beetle) containing infective larvae or consuming viscera containing parasitic cysts from paratenic hosts. Dogs commonly have a subclinical presentation, but the most common signs are vomiting and regurgitation. Visualizing nodules or neoplastic masses via esophagoscopy and the presence of S. lupi eggs in feces are the best diagnostic methods. Milbemycin oxime is effective as a treatment for S. lupi. The objective of this study was to describe the diagnostic and medical management of a patient with dysphagia secondary to esophageal S. lupi nodules.Case: A 7-year-old male German shepherd dog was referred for endoscopic examination. The animal presented with chronic severe dysphagia and weight loss with a presumptive diagnosis of an esophageal foreign body. At palpation of the neck, the dog was painful just dorsal to the cricoid cartilage and had submandibular lymphadenomegaly. The animal also exhibited a dropped jaw which could be returned to its normal position by manipulation. Radiographic examination demonstrated a radiopaque image compatible with a mass in the cranial esophagus just caudal to the upper esophageal sphincter. A fluoroscopy study was performed and confirmed the presence of a mass apparently within the [...](AU)

Traumatic Panniculitis in a dog / Paniculite traumática em um cão

Background: Panniculitis can be associated with a group of multifactorial diseases that develop intense inflammatory response of the subcutaneous fat tissue. The damaged fat cells suffer hydrolysis and saponification. The etiology remains unknown, although it has been associated with infectious agents, vascular pathologies, pancreatic disorders, neoplasms, immunologic diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Nodular sterile panniculitis is referred to the fat subcutaneous tissue inflammation without the presence of microorganisms and generally is presented with multiple or single nodules associated either with systemic or traumatic issues. This assay reports a case of traumatic Panniculitis presented as a single nodule on a dog admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Passo Fundo University (HV-UPF), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, emphasizing the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical treatment.Case: An adult mixed breed bitch, weighting 7,5 kg, was admitted at the HV-UPF because of a one-month evolution of a dorsal thoracic subcutaneous mass. Symptomatic treatment with unknown oral antibiotics was administered by another veterinarian, who also tried to perform local puncture drainage unsuccessfully. There was no previous history of local puncture or subcutaneous drug infiltration that could explain the mass. During physical examination, a single, painless and nodular

Background: Panniculitis can be associated with a group of multifactorial diseases that develop intense inflammatory response of the subcutaneous fat tissue. The damaged fat cells suffer hydrolysis and saponification. The etiology remains unknown, although it has been associated with infectious agents, vascular pathologies, pancreatic disorders, neoplasms, immunologic diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Nodular sterile panniculitis is referred to the fat subcutaneous tissue inflammation without the presence of microorganisms and generally is presented with multiple or single nodules associated either with systemic or traumatic issues. This assay reports a case of traumatic Panniculitis presented as a single nodule on a dog admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Passo Fundo University (HV-UPF), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, emphasizing the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical treatment.Case: An adult mixed breed bitch, weighting 7,5 kg, was admitted at the HV-UPF because of a one-month evolution of a dorsal thoracic subcutaneous mass. Symptomatic treatment with unknown oral antibiotics was administered by another veterinarian, who also tried to perform local puncture drainage unsuccessfully. There was no previous history of local puncture or subcutaneous drug infiltration that could explain the mass. During physical examination, a single, painless and nodular

Paniculite traumática em um cão / Traumatic panniculitis in a dog

Background: Panniculitis can be associated with a group of multifactorial diseases that develop intense inflammatory response of the subcutaneous fat tissue. The damaged fat cells suffer hydrolysis and saponification. The etiology remains unknown, although it has been associated with infectious agents, vascular pathologies, pancreatic disorders, neoplasms, immunologic diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Nodular sterile panniculitis is referred to the fat subcutaneous tissue inflammation without the presence of microorganisms and generally is presented with multiple or single nodules associated either with systemic or traumatic issues. This assay reports a case of traumatic Panniculitis presented as a single nodule on a dog admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Passo Fundo University (HV-UPF), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, emphasizing the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical treatment. Case: An adult mixed breed bitch, weighting 7,5 kg, was admitted at the HV-UPF because of a one-month evolution of a dorsal thoracic subcutaneous mass. Symptomatic treatment with unknown oral antibiotics was administered by another veterinarian, who also tried to perform local puncture drainage unsuccessfully. There was no previous history of local puncture or subcutaneous drug infiltration that could explain the mass. During physical examination, a single, painless and nodular subcutaneous mass (4 x 6 cm) was located on the dorsal thoracic median line, below the scapula, discharging a serosanguineous fluid probably due to the previous puncture. No other occurrences were found. The patient was treated with cephalexin and meloxicam. Hematological and biochemistry examinations were within reference range. Cytological exam demonstrated slightly degenerated neutrophilis and a great amount of adipose tissue. This could suggest, among other pathologies, neoplasm. Surgery was performed after 15 days. An elliptical incision was performed maintaining a 2,5 cm safety margin from the mass. Histopathological findings were compatible with sterile nodular panniculitis, likely traumatic. Discussion: There was a single, firm, regular, painless nodule, correspondent with other studies. The lesion location was also similar to other author's findings. Cytological findings were unspecific and could lead to several diagnoses. Careful pathologic study is necessary to differentiate from benign or malignant neoplasms and other affections. The hematological and biochemistry examinations, ultrasounds and radiographs were all within reference range on the case. These diagnose tools are very important and should always be used in order to achieve the correct screening, diagnosis and treatment. Surgical removal was considered effective, once 7 months after the treatment there was no local recurrence, with great cosmetic result.

Nódulos fibro-histiocíticos no baço de uma cadela: relato de caso / Splenic fibroistiocytic nodules in a bitch: case report

Descreve-se a ocorrência de múltiplos nódulos fibro-histiocíticos no baço de uma cadela Rottweiler, de sete anos. O diagnóstico foi feito por histopatologia e confirmado por imunoistoquímica positiva para ED1, CD18, vimentina e lisozima. O animal foi sacrificado três meses após o diagnóstico, por severo agravamento dos sinais clínicos.(AU)

Multiple fibrohistiocytic nodules in the spleen of a 7-year-old female Rottweiler were reported. The diagnosis was made by histology and immunohistochemistry; cells were positive for ED1, CD18, vimentin and lysozyme. The dog was euthanatized three months after the tumor was diagnosed, due to severe clinical signs.(AU)

Traumatic Panniculitis in a dog / Paniculite traumática em um cão

Background: Panniculitis can be associated with a group of multifactorial diseases that develop intense inflammatory response of the subcutaneous fat tissue. The damaged fat cells suffer hydrolysis and saponification. The etiology remains unknown, although it has been associated with infectious agents, vascular pathologies, pancreatic disorders, neoplasms, immunologic diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Nodular sterile panniculitis is referred to the fat subcutaneous tissue inflammation without the presence of microorganisms and generally is presented with multiple or single nodules associated either with systemic or traumatic issues. This assay reports a case of traumatic Panniculitis presented as a single nodule on a dog admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Passo Fundo University (HV-UPF), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, emphasizing the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical treatment.Case: An adult mixed breed bitch, weighting 7,5 kg, was admitted at the HV-UPF because of a one-month evolution of a dorsal thoracic subcutaneous mass. Symptomatic treatment with unknown oral antibiotics was administered by another veterinarian, who also tried to perform local puncture drainage unsuccessfully. There was no previous history of local puncture or subcutaneous drug infiltration that could explain the mass. During physical examination, a single, painless and nodular

Background: Panniculitis can be associated with a group of multifactorial diseases that develop intense inflammatory response of the subcutaneous fat tissue. The damaged fat cells suffer hydrolysis and saponification. The etiology remains unknown, although it has been associated with infectious agents, vascular pathologies, pancreatic disorders, neoplasms, immunologic diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Nodular sterile panniculitis is referred to the fat subcutaneous tissue inflammation without the presence of microorganisms and generally is presented with multiple or single nodules associated either with systemic or traumatic issues. This assay reports a case of traumatic Panniculitis presented as a single nodule on a dog admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Passo Fundo University (HV-UPF), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, emphasizing the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical treatment.Case: An adult mixed breed bitch, weighting 7,5 kg, was admitted at the HV-UPF because of a one-month evolution of a dorsal thoracic subcutaneous mass. Symptomatic treatment with unknown oral antibiotics was administered by another veterinarian, who also tried to perform local puncture drainage unsuccessfully. There was no previous history of local puncture or subcutaneous drug infiltration that could explain the mass. During physical examination, a single, painless and nodular