Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napus L.) / Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napus L.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in the diet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8, and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62 µm and 0.43 µm, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits.

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in the diet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8, and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62 µm and 0.43 µm, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits.

Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napus L)

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in the diet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8, and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62 µm and 0.43 µm, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits.(AU)

Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napusL. )

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass,and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in thediet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8,and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62&956;m and 0.43&956;m, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass,and non-carcass traits.(AU)

Comparative morphology of tongue surface in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)

Abstract Comparative morphological characters in Neotropical bats are mostly restricted to external and cranio-dentary complexes, and few studies focusing on other morphological complexes have been carried out. In the case of tongue morphology, comparative analyses of the structure have been restricted to the superfamily Noctilionoidea with a wide range of diets, and Molossidae, a strictly aerial insectivore family. In this paper, we studied the morphology of tongue papillae in 10 aerial insectivore Neotropical bat species, representing six families (Emballonuridae, Furipteridae, Thyropteridae, Mormoopidae, Natalidae, and Vespertilionidae), and data from the previous study of Molossidae were compared. We studied tongues in light and scanning electron microscopes following material preparation protocols. We observed two types of sensitive papillae, circumvallate and fungiform, the latter at times presenting a groove surrounding the papillae. Nine mechanic types were observed, one of them, which we called flaky-like, not hitherto described. All Vespertilionoidea families (Vespertilionidae, Natalidae, and Molossidae) presented, as diagnosing characters, fungiform papillae distributed throughout the tongue, as well as anteriorly at the dorsum, and scale-like papillae on the medial lobe directed laterally and anteriorly. Emballonuridae showed the simplest tongue morphology regarding the presence and abundance of some papillae. Families composing the clade Furipteridae + Thyropteridae + Mormoopidae presented small and non-grooved fungiform papillae, and mechanical bifid papillae were absent. In summary, this study has provided additional traits (putative synapomorphies) of the bat tongue to support the clades on the current bat phylogeny.

Comparative morphology of tongue surface in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)

Abstract Comparative morphological characters in Neotropical bats are mostly restricted to external and cranio-dentary complexes, and few studies focusing on other morphological complexes have been carried out. In the case of tongue morphology, comparative analyses of the structure have been restricted to the superfamily Noctilionoidea with a wide range of diets, and Molossidae, a strictly aerial insectivore family. In this paper, we studied the morphology of tongue papillae in 10 aerial insectivore Neotropical bat species, representing six families (Emballonuridae, Furipteridae, Thyropteridae, Mormoopidae, Natalidae, and Vespertilionidae), and data from the previous study of Molossidae were compared. We studied tongues in light and scanning electron microscopes following material preparation protocols. We observed two types of sensitive papillae, circumvallate and fungiform, the latter at times presenting a groove surrounding the papillae. Nine mechanic types were observed, one of them, which we called flaky-like, not hitherto described. All Vespertilionoidea families (Vespertilionidae, Natalidae, and Molossidae) presented, as diagnosing characters, fungiform papillae distributed throughout the tongue, as well as anteriorly at the dorsum, and scale-like papillae on the medial lobe directed laterally and anteriorly. Emballonuridae showed the simplest tongue morphology regarding the presence and abundance of some papillae. Families composing the clade Furipteridae + Thyropteridae + Mormoopidae presented small and non-grooved fungiform papillae, and mechanical bifid papillae were absent. In summary, this study has provided additional traits (putative synapomorphies) of the bat tongue to support the clades on the current bat phylogeny.

Comparative morphology of tongue surface in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)

Comparative morphological characters in Neotropical bats are mostly restricted to external and cranio-dentary complexes, and few studies focusing on other morphological complexes have been carried out. In the case of tongue morphology, comparative analyses of the structure have been restricted to the superfamily Noctilionoidea with a wide range of diets, and Molossidae, a strictly aerial insectivore family. In this paper, we studied the morphology of tongue papillae in 10 aerial insectivore Neotropical bat species, representing six families (Emballonuridae, Furipteridae, Thyropteridae, Mormoopidae, Natalidae, and Vespertilionidae), and data from the previous study of Molossidae were compared. We studied tongues in light and scanning electron microscopes following material preparation protocols. We observed two types of sensitive papillae, circumvallate and fungiform, the latter at times presenting a groove surrounding the papillae. Nine mechanic types were observed, one of them, which we called flaky-like, not hitherto described. All Vespertilionoidea families (Vespertilionidae, Natalidae, and Molossidae) presented, as diagnosing characters, fungiform papillae distributed throughout the tongue, as well as anteriorly at the dorsum, and scale-like papillae on the medial lobe directed laterally and anteriorly. Emballonuridae showed the simplest tongue morphology regarding the presence and abundance of some papillae. Families composing the clade Furipteridae + Thyropteridae + Mormoopidae presented small and non-grooved fungiform papillae, and mechanical bifid papillae were absent. In summary, this study has provided additional traits (putative synapomorphies) of the bat tongue to support the clades on the current bat phylogeny.(AU)

Study of morphometric and ruminal parameters in santa inês sheep fed spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica, MILL) / [Estudo dos parâmetros morfométricos e ruminais em ovinos Santa Inês alimentados com cactus sem espinhos (Opuntia ficus-indica, MILL)]

The present study aimed to morphometrically evaluate the ruminal mucosa and ruminal fluid characteristics of Santa Inês sheep fed different levels of spineless cactus as a replacement for Tifton grass hay. A total of 32 intact male Santa Inês sheep, approximately 180 days old and with a mean weight of 32.0±1.6kg, were studied in a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replicates. The morphometric measurements evaluated in the ruminal epithelium (papilla height and surface area) were significantly affected (P< 0.05) by supplementation of the diet with spineless cactus, and these effects showed increasing linear trends. Evaluations of the ruminal fluid also showed a significant increasing linear effect (P< 0.05) for ammonia and a quadratic effect for microbial protein. The inclusion of spineless cactus in the sheep diet affects the ruminal epithelium morphology, including the papilla height and surface area, and favors the absorption process in the rumen. The diet containing higher levels of spineless cactus led to maximum microbial protein production. These results characterize spineless cactus as a feasible alternative for feeding sheep during periods of drought, when the typical food source is scarce.(AU)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar morfometricamente a mucosa ruminal e as características do líquido ruminal de ovinos Santa Inês alimentados com diferentes níveis de palma forrageira como substituta do feno de capim-Tifton. Um total de 32 ovinos, machos inteiros, da raça Santa Inês, com aproximadamente 180 dias de idade e peso médio de 32,0±1,6kg, foi estudado em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. As medidas morfométricas avaliadas no epitélio ruminal (altura e área superficial da papila) foram significativamente afetadas (P<0,05) pela suplementação da dieta com palma forrageira, e esses efeitos mostraram tendências lineares crescentes. As avaliações do fluido ruminal também mostraram um efeito linear crescente significativo (P<0,05) para a amônia e um efeito quadrático para a proteína microbiana. A inclusão de palma forrageira na dieta de ovinos afeta a morfologia do epitélio ruminal, englobando a altura e a área da papila, e favorece o processo de absorção no rúmen. A dieta contendo níveis mais altos de palma forrageira levou à produção máxima de proteína microbiana. Esses resultados caracterizam a palma forrageira como uma alternativa viável para a alimentação de ovelhas durante períodos de seca, quando a fonte típica de alimento é escassa.(AU)

Feedlot performance, feeding behavior and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle submitted to different feeding frequencies

Owing to the lack of information in the literature about the ideal feeding frequency adopted by feedlot systems, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of different feeding frequencies on performance, carcass traits, feeding behavior and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle. Forty-eight yearling bulls were housed in individual pens with an average initial body weight of 358.2 kg. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block and the treatments were the feeding of cattle one, two, three, or four times daily (n = 12 per treatment). Orthogonal contrasts were used to assess linear, quadratic and cubic relationship between feeding frequency and the dependent variable. As feeding frequency increased, final body weight (p = 0.03) and average daily gain (p = 0.01; one: 0.98 kg d1; two: 0.96 kg d1; three: 1.18 kg d1; four: 1.14 kg d1) increased linearly and the feed:gain ratio decreased (p = 0.02). Also, as feeding frequency increased, hot carcass weight was affected cubically (p = 0.01; one: 246.9 kg; two: 243.0 kg; three: 263.1 kg; four: 258.1 kg). During the adaptation period dry matter intake variation was affected cubically (p 0.05; one: 16 %; two: 23 %; three: 14 %; four: 16 %). Increases in feeding frequency affected papillae height (p 0.01) and papillae surface area (p 0.01) cubically, as well as producing increases in the mitotic index (p = 0.05; one: 9 %; two: 11 %; three: 13 %; four: 13 %) and cells in proliferation (p = 0.05) linearly. Thus, Nellore yearling bulls should be fed three times daily in feedlot operations.

Feedlot performance, feeding behavior and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle submitted to different feeding frequencies

Owing to the lack of information in the literature about the ideal feeding frequency adopted by feedlot systems, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of different feeding frequencies on performance, carcass traits, feeding behavior and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle. Forty-eight yearling bulls were housed in individual pens with an average initial body weight of 358.2 kg. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block and the treatments were the feeding of cattle one, two, three, or four times daily (n = 12 per treatment). Orthogonal contrasts were used to assess linear, quadratic and cubic relationship between feeding frequency and the dependent variable. As feeding frequency increased, final body weight (p = 0.03) and average daily gain (p = 0.01; one: 0.98 kg d1; two: 0.96 kg d1; three: 1.18 kg d1; four: 1.14 kg d1) increased linearly and the feed:gain ratio decreased (p = 0.02). Also, as feeding frequency increased, hot carcass weight was affected cubically (p = 0.01; one: 246.9 kg; two: 243.0 kg; three: 263.1 kg; four: 258.1 kg). During the adaptation period dry matter intake variation was affected cubically (p 0.05; one: 16 %; two: 23 %; three: 14 %; four: 16 %). Increases in feeding frequency affected papillae height (p 0.01) and papillae surface area (p 0.01) cubically, as well as producing increases in the mitotic index (p = 0.05; one: 9 %; two: 11 %; three: 13 %; four: 13 %) and cells in proliferation (p = 0.05) linearly. Thus, Nellore yearling bulls should be fed three times daily in feedlot operations.(AU)

Caracterização morfológica do esôfago de tartarugas-verdes (Chelonia mydas) / Morphologic characterization of the esophagus of green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

A tartaruga-verde, Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758), é a mais comum na região costeira do Brasil e a compreensão da morfologia e de processos fisiológicos básicos nesses organismos é importante, podendo fornecer subsídios para estudos evolutivos sobre a espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a morfologia do esôfago de C. mydas, com a finalidade de se produzirem informações que possibilitem análises comparativas com outros quelônios. Utilizaram-se oito animais, provenientes do litoral do Espírito Santo, no período de setembro a novembro de 2014. Obtiveram-se dados de comprimento curvilíneo da carapaça (CCC) e largura curvilínea da carapaça (LCC). O esôfago foi retirado desde a inserção da orofaringe até a porção inicial do estômago para avaliação histomorfológica e medida do comprimento. Foram avaliadas quatro regiões do esôfago. O órgão inteiro foi fixado em formalina a 10% e, posteriormente, foi coletado um fragmento de cada região para processamento histológico e coloração pelas técnicas hematoxilina e eosina (HE), tricrômico de Masson, Gram e ácido periódico-Schiff (PAS). Os animais juvenis possuíam CCC médio de 38,8±6,43cm e LCC média de 35,6±6,59cm; o animal adulto mediu 102,3cm de CCC e 96,9cm de LCC. O comprimento médio do esôfago foi de 20,47±1,56 nos juvenis, e total de 55,6cm no adulto. Observou-se que o esôfago de C. mydas é um órgão tubular muscular constituído de papilas cônicas que variam de quantidade e tamanho à medida que se aproximam do estômago, revestidas por epitélio estratificado pavimentoso queratinizado e ricas em tecido mixoide. Há variação nas camadas mucosa, muscular externa e serosa entre as regiões do esôfago e há presença de glândulas produtoras de muco na mucosa da região da junção gastroesofágica. As características histomorfológicas do esôfago de C. mydas são importantes para exercer as funções mecânica e de proteção da mucosa desse órgão.(AU)

Understanding the morphology and basic physiological processes in Chelonia mydas is extremely important and can provide support for evolutionary studies on the species. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of C. mydas' esophagus in order to produce data that allows comparative analyses with other turtles. Eight specimens of C. mydas from the coast of Espírito Santo were used during the period from September to November 2014. We obtained the curved carapace length (CCL) and curved carapace width (CCW) in centimetres. The esophagus was completely removed from the insertion region of the oropharynx to the initial portion of the stomach for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. The measurement on the length and description of the structures in four regions of the esophagus were performed. The entire organ was fixed in 10% formalin and then a one centimetre diameter fragment was collected for histological processing and staining by hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Masson, Gram and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) techniques. Juvenile animals had average CCL of 38.8 ± 6.43 cm and average CCW of 35.6 ± 6.59 cm; the adult animal had a CCL measurement of 102.3 cm and CCW of 96.9 cm. The average length of the esophagus was 20.47 ± 1.56 in youth, and total 55.6 cm in the adult. It was observed that C. mydas' esophagus is a tubular muscular organ that consists of conical papillae that vary in quantity and size as they approach the stomach, lined by stratified squamous keratinized epithelium and rich in myxoid tissue. There is variation in the mucosal, submucosal, external muscle and serous layers among the four regions of the esophagus and there are mucus-producing glands in the submucosa of the gastroesophageal junction region. The histomorphometric characteristics of C. mydas' esophagus are important to engage the mechanical function and mucosal protection of this organ.(AU)

Effects of the feeding system and breed on the growth performance, biometric features, and ruminal development of feedlot goat kids / Efeitos do sistema de alimentação e grupo racial sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de cabritos confinados

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of 2 feeding systems and 5 breeding groups on the growth performance, biometric features, and stomach morphology of feedlot goat kids. The experiment utilized gender as a randomized blocking factor in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme. The study goats were from the Alpine, Anglo-Nubian, 1/2 Boer x Alpine, 3/4 Boer x Alpine, and 7/8 Boer x Alpine breeds. Half of the goats were fed an experimental diet, whereas the other half were given the same diet supplemented with 1.5 L milk daily. The kids were slaughtered after they attained 30 kg body weight. The 1/2 Boer x Alpine goats showed superior growth performance because they exhibiting considerable heterosis. These animals are especially easy to use given that there is no need to maintain cross-bred females (½ Boer x Alpine e ¾ Boer x Alpine) in the flock. Using milk in the feed the animals does not adversely affect growth performance or biometric features. Moreover, it helps to reduce the total weight of the stomach and leads to a 51.39% savings on feed. Dietary supplementation of milk in goat feed is recommended so long as there is excess milk available on the property.

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de dois sistemas de alimentação e de cinco grupos raciais sobre o desempenho, medidas biométricas e análise morfológica do estômago de cabritos confinados. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos (gênero) casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, sendo os grupos raciais: Alpino (A), Anglo-Nubiano (AN), 1/2 Boer x 1/2 Alpino (1/2BA), 3/4 Boer x Alpino (3/4BA) e 7/8 Boer x Alpino (7/8BA), submetidos a dois sistemas alimentares: 1,5 L de leite/animal/dia mais dieta experimental ou apenas dieta experimental sem fornecimento de leite. Os cabritos foram abatidos após atingirem 30 kg de peso corporal. Os animais 1/2BA foram os que apresentaram melhor desempenho, devido à manutenção de maior heterose nesse cruzamento e que implica em facilidade de manejo por não haver necessidade de manter fêmeas cruzadas 1/2 Boer x Alpine e 3/4 Boer x Alpine no rebanho. A utilização de leite na alimentação dos animais não traz prejuízos ao desempenho e medidas biométricas, e ajuda a reduzir o peso total do estômago, propiciando economia de 51,39 % no consumo da dieta, podendo ser recomendado caso haja leite excedente na propriedade.

Incidência de ruminite e abscesso hepático em bovinos jovens confinados alimentados com dietas contendo aditivos alimentares / Incidence of ruminite and liver abscess of feedlot bullocks fed high concentrate diets containing feed additives

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão do preparado de anticorpos policlonais (PAP) e/ou de monensina sódica (MON) na morfologia das papilas ruminais, incidência de ruminites (IR) e abscessos hepáticos (AH) em bovinos jovens confinados. Foram utilizados 72 novilhos da raça Brangus, não castrados, com peso vivo inicial de 261,04 ± 34,73 kg, em 24 baias (3 animais/baia) com 6 repetições por tratamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2, sendo os fatores a adição ou não de MON e PAP. Após o abate foram realizadas as avaliações. No fígado tanto o percentual de AH quanto a severidade foram menores (P < 0,01) nos animais que receberam PAP em relação aos que não receberam. A inclusão de MON foi apenas eficiente em reduzir (P < 0,01) a severidade dos AH em relação ao tratamento sem o aditivo. Não houve efeito dos aditivos sobre o IR. O tratamento com MON resultou em maior (P=0,07) superfície de absorção/cm2 de parede de rúmen e maior ( P=0,10) área papilar em relação ao tratamento sem este aditivo. Número de papilas/cm2 de parede e área média das papilas não apresentaram diferenças entre tratamentos. O uso de PAP foi eficiente na redução de AH bem como a severidade, porém não foi capaz de melhorar a forma e a estrutura das papilas ruminais, como o observado com o uso de MON.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of polyclonal antibodies preparation (PAP) and/or monensin (MON) on the morphology of the rumen papillae, incidence of ruminate (IR) and liver abscess in feedlot bullocks. Seventy-two bullocks Brangus (261.04 ± 34.73kg) were housed in 24 pens (3 bullocks/pen) with6 replications per treatment. The experimental design was completely randomized 2 x 2 factorial, the factors werethe inclusion or not of MON and PAP.After slaughter, the evaluations were performed. For the livers, both the percentage of abscesses and the severity of them were lower (P< 0.01) in animals fed diets with PAP than those fed MON. The inclusion of MON in the diet was only effective in reducing (P< 0.01) the severity of the abscesses in relation to treatment without this additive. There was no effect (P> 0.05) of additives on the IR. The treatment with MON had higher (P = 0.07) surface absorption/cm2 wall of the rumen and greater (P = 0.10) papillary area compared to treatment without this additive. Number of papillae/cm2 wall and average area of the papillae showed no difference among treatments. The use of PAP was effective in reducing HA as well as the severity the same, but was not able to improve the shape and structure of the ruminal papillae, as observed with the use of MON.(AU)

Histomorfometria do epitélio ruminal de cabritos 1/2 sangue Boer submetidos a dietas com tortas oriundas da produção do biodiesel / Histomorphometrics of the ruminal epithelium of 1/2 blood Bôer goats submitted to diets with pies from the production of biodiesel

Objetivou-se determinar o melhor nível de inclusão e de substituição das tortas de dendê e amendoim, respectivamente, em dietas para cabritos 1/2 sangue Boer, por meio da avaliação histomorfométrica das papilas ruminais. Foram utilizados 40 cabritos 1/2 sangue Boer, para cada período experimental, machos, não castrados, com idade aproximada de três meses e com peso inicial de 15,01±1,76kg. Os períodos experimentais constaram de 75 dias e 72 dias. As dietas consistiram de volumoso feno de Tifton-85 e de ração em mistura completa, contendo níveis de inclusão da torta de dendê nas proporções de 0,0; 7,0; 14,0; e 21,0% com base na matéria seca; e de mistura completa, contendo níveis de substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de amendoim nas proporções de 0,0; 33,0; 66,0; e 100%, constituindo-se os tratamentos. No epitélio do rúmen, foram avaliadas altura e largura das papilas, assim como densidade papilar e espessura da parede muscular do rúmen. Entre estas, a altura das papilas, no experimento com torta de amendoim, foi a única a sofrer efeito linear decrescente (P<0,0014); as demais variáveis, tanto dos animais alimentados com torta de amendoim quanto daqueles alimentados com torta de dendê, não foram afetadas pela dieta. As médias de altura encontradas foram de 2,6 e 2,3mm para as tortas de amendoim e dendê, respectivamente. Portanto, a inclusão de até 21% de torta de dendê e a substituição de 100% de torta de amendoim no concentrado de cabritos não alteraram a morfometria das papilas ruminais.

The aim of this study was to determine the best level of pies and replacement of palm oil and peanut, respectively, in diets of 1/2 blood Bôer goats from the histomorphometry of the rumen papillae. A total of 40 1/2 blood male, unneutered, aged approximately three months and initial weight of 15.01±1.76kg Bôer goats were used in each experimental period. The experimental periods consisted of 75 days and 72 days. The diets consisted of roughage hay Tifton-85 and total mixed ration containing levels of inclusion of palm kernel cake in the proportions of 0.0, 7.0, 14.0 and 21.0% based on dry matter; and the second experiment consisted of a complete mixture containing substitution levels of soybean meal by groundnut cake in the proportions of 0.0, 33.0, 66.0 and 100%. Epithelial cells were evaluated in the rumen height and width of the papillae, and density and thickness of the papillary muscle of the rumen. Among these, the height of the papillae in the experiment with peanut butter pie was the only one to suffer a negative linear effect (P<0.0014), the other variables, both in animals fed groundnut cake and palm oil, were not affected by the diet. The average heights found were 2.6 and 2.3, for pies, peanut and palm oil, respectively. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 21% palm kernel cake and replacement of 100% peanut cake in the concentrate of kids did not alter the morphology of the rumen papillae.

Histomorfometria do epitélio ruminal de cabritos 1/2 sangue Boer submetidos a dietas com tortas oriundas da produção do biodiesel / Histomorphometrics of the ruminal epithelium of 1/2 blood Bôer goats submitted to diets with pies from the production of biodiesel

Objetivou-se determinar o melhor nível de inclusão e de substituição das tortas de dendê e amendoim, respectivamente, em dietas para cabritos 1/2 sangue Boer, por meio da avaliação histomorfométrica das papilas ruminais. Foram utilizados 40 cabritos 1/2 sangue Boer, para cada período experimental, machos, não castrados, com idade aproximada de três meses e com peso inicial de 15,01±1,76kg. Os períodos experimentais constaram de 75 dias e 72 dias. As dietas consistiram de volumoso feno de Tifton-85 e de ração em mistura completa, contendo níveis de inclusão da torta de dendê nas proporções de 0,0; 7,0; 14,0; e 21,0% com base na matéria seca; e de mistura completa, contendo níveis de substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de amendoim nas proporções de 0,0; 33,0; 66,0; e 100%, constituindo-se os tratamentos. No epitélio do rúmen, foram avaliadas altura e largura das papilas, assim como densidade papilar e espessura da parede muscular do rúmen. Entre estas, a altura das papilas, no experimento com torta de amendoim, foi a única a sofrer efeito linear decrescente (P<0,0014); as demais variáveis, tanto dos animais alimentados com torta de amendoim quanto daqueles alimentados com torta de dendê, não foram afetadas pela dieta. As médias de altura encontradas foram de 2,6 e 2,3mm para as tortas de amendoim e dendê, respectivamente. Portanto, a inclusão de até 21% de torta de dendê e a substituição de 100% de torta de amendoim no concentrado de cabritos não alteraram a morfometria das papilas ruminais.(AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the best level of pies and replacement of palm oil and peanut, respectively, in diets of 1/2 blood Bôer goats from the histomorphometry of the rumen papillae. A total of 40 1/2 blood male, unneutered, aged approximately three months and initial weight of 15.01±1.76kg Bôer goats were used in each experimental period. The experimental periods consisted of 75 days and 72 days. The diets consisted of roughage hay Tifton-85 and total mixed ration containing levels of inclusion of palm kernel cake in the proportions of 0.0, 7.0, 14.0 and 21.0% based on dry matter; and the second experiment consisted of a complete mixture containing substitution levels of soybean meal by groundnut cake in the proportions of 0.0, 33.0, 66.0 and 100%. Epithelial cells were evaluated in the rumen height and width of the papillae, and density and thickness of the papillary muscle of the rumen. Among these, the height of the papillae in the experiment with peanut butter pie was the only one to suffer a negative linear effect (P<0.0014), the other variables, both in animals fed groundnut cake and palm oil, were not affected by the diet. The average heights found were 2.6 and 2.3, for pies, peanut and palm oil, respectively. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 21% palm kernel cake and replacement of 100% peanut cake in the concentrate of kids did not alter the morphology of the rumen papillae.(AU)

Incidência de ruminite e abscesso hepático em bovinos jovens confinados alimentados com dietas contendo aditivos alimentares

p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of polyclonal antibodies preparation (PAP) and/or monensin (MON) on the morphology of the rumen papillae, incidence of ruminate (IR) and liver abscess in feedlot bullocks. Seventy-two bullocks Brangus (261.04 ± 34.73kg) were housed in 24 pens (3 bullocks/pen) with6 replications per treatment. The experimental design was completely randomized 2 x 2 factorial, the factors werethe inclusion or not of MON and PAP.After slaughter, the evaluations were performed. For the livers, both the percentage of abscesses and the severity of them were lower ( italic>P /italic> 0.01) in animals fed diets with PAP than those fed MON. The inclusion of MON in the diet was only effective in reducing ( italic>P /italic> 0.01) the severity of the abscesses in relation to treatment without this additive. There was no effect ( italic>P /italic>> 0.05) of additives on the IR. The treatment with MON had higher ( italic>P /italic> = 0.07) surface absorption/cm sup>2 /sup> wall of the rumen and greater ( italic>P /italic> = 0.10) papillary area compared to treatment without this additive. Number of papillae/cm sup>2 /sup> wall and average area of the papillae showed no difference among treatments. The use of PAP was effective in reducing HA as well as the severity the same, but was not able to improve the shape and structure of the ruminal papillae, as observed with the use of MON. /p>

p>O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão do preparado de anticorpos policlonais (PAP) e/ou de monensina sódica (MON) na morfologia das papilas ruminais, incidência de ruminites (IR) e abscessos hepáticos (AH) em bovinos jovens confinados. Foram utilizados 72 novilhos da raça Brangus, não castrados, com peso vivo inicial de 261,04 ± 34,73 kg, em 24 baias (3 animais/baia) com 6 repetições por tratamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2, sendo os fatores a adição ou não de MON e PAP. Após o abate foram realizadas as avaliações. No fígado tanto o percentual de AH quanto a severidade foram menores (P 0,01) nos animais que receberam PAP em relação aos que não receberam. A inclusão de MON foi apenas eficiente em reduzir (P 0,01) a severidade dos AH em relação ao tratamento sem o aditivo. Não houve efeito dos aditivos sobre o IR. O tratamento com MON resultou em maior (P=0,07) superfície de absorção/cm sup>2 /sup> de parede de rúmen e maior (P=0,10) área papilar em relação ao tratamento sem este aditivo. Número de papilas/cm sup>2 /sup> de parede e área média das papilas não apresentaram diferenças entre tratamentos. O uso de PAP foi eficiente na redução de AH bem como a severidade, porém não foi capaz de melhorar a forma e a estrutura das papilas ruminais, como o observado com o uso de MON. /p>

Histomorfometria do epitélio ruminal de cabritos 1/2 sangue Boer submetidos a dietas com tortas oriundas da produção do biodiesel / Histomorphometrics of the ruminal epithelium of 1/2 blood Bôer goats submitted to diets with pies from the production of biodiesel

Objetivou-se determinar o melhor nível de inclusão e de substituição das tortas de dendê e amendoim, respectivamente, em dietas para cabritos 1/2 sangue Boer, por meio da avaliação histomorfométrica das papilas ruminais. Foram utilizados 40 cabritos 1/2 sangue Boer, para cada período experimental, machos, não castrados, com idade aproximada de três meses e com peso inicial de 15,01±1,76kg. Os períodos experimentais constaram de 75 dias e 72 dias. As dietas consistiram de volumoso feno de Tifton-85 e de ração em mistura completa, contendo níveis de inclusão da torta de dendê nas proporções de 0,0; 7,0; 14,0; e 21,0% com base na matéria seca; e de mistura completa, contendo níveis de substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de amendoim nas proporções de 0,0; 33,0; 66,0; e 100%, constituindo-se os tratamentos. No epitélio do rúmen, foram avaliadas altura e largura das papilas, assim como densidade papilar e espessura da parede muscular do rúmen. Entre estas, a altura das papilas, no experimento com torta de amendoim, foi a única a sofrer efeito linear decrescente (P<0,0014); as demais variáveis, tanto dos animais alimentados com torta de amendoim quanto daqueles alimentados com torta de dendê, não foram afetadas pela dieta. As médias de altura encontradas foram de 2,6 e 2,3mm para as tortas de amendoim e dendê, respectivamente. Portanto, a inclusão de até 21% de torta de dendê e a substituição de 100% de torta de amendoim no concentrado de cabritos não alteraram a morfometria das papilas ruminais.(AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the best level of pies and replacement of palm oil and peanut, respectively, in diets of 1/2 blood Bôer goats from the histomorphometry of the rumen papillae. A total of 40 1/2 blood male, unneutered, aged approximately three months and initial weight of 15.01±1.76kg Bôer goats were used in each experimental period. The experimental periods consisted of 75 days and 72 days. The diets consisted of roughage hay Tifton-85 and total mixed ration containing levels of inclusion of palm kernel cake in the proportions of 0.0, 7.0, 14.0 and 21.0% based on dry matter; and the second experiment consisted of a complete mixture containing substitution levels of soybean meal by groundnut cake in the proportions of 0.0, 33.0, 66.0 and 100%. Epithelial cells were evaluated in the rumen height and width of the papillae, and density and thickness of the papillary muscle of the rumen. Among these, the height of the papillae in the experiment with peanut butter pie was the only one to suffer a negative linear effect (P<0.0014), the other variables, both in animals fed groundnut cake and palm oil, were not affected by the diet. The average heights found were 2.6 and 2.3, for pies, peanut and palm oil, respectively. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 21% palm kernel cake and replacement of 100% peanut cake in the concentrate of kids did not alter the morphology of the rumen papillae.(AU)

Desempenho, digestibilidade e morfologia ruminal de bubalinos de três grupos genéticos terminados em confinamento

Búfalos são animais que apresentam alta adaptabilidade em diversos sistemas de produção por suas habilidades no aproveitamento dos nutrientes dos alimentos. As poucas pesquisas envolvendo o conhecimento do metabolismo juntamente com as alterações morfológicas da mucosa ruminal de bubalinos em confinamento são escassas e é necessário estudos mais específicos para elucidar essas lacunas. Com isso, este estudo avaliou o desempenho, digestibilidade e morfologia ruminal de três grupos de bubalinos terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 78 bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis bubalis) machos não castrados de diferentes grupos genéticos (GG) (GG: Jafarabadi, Mediterrâneo e Murrah; n= 26 animais de cada GG; Peso corporal inicial: 378,57±42,76 kg). A dieta foi fornecida ad libitum por meio de cochos eletrônicos para determinação individual do consumo de matéria seca (CMS). O período de eficiência constou de 84 dias, sendo que nos últimos 13 dias foi realizada a avaliação da digestibilidade em que 10 dias foram destinados para coleta de dados para cálculo do CMS e 3 dias para coleta de fezes. As amostras do epitélio ruminal foram coletadas após o abate para análises morfológicas e histológicas das papilas ruminais. Houve diferença estatística para as variáveis de desempenho entre os GG (P<0,01). Jafarabadi e Mediterrâneo apresentaram desempenho superior em confinamento em comparação com Murrah (P<0,01) para ganho médio diário (1,57, 1,60 e 1,29 kg/dia, para Jafarabadi, Mediterrâneo e Murrah, respectivamente) e CMS (10,72, 10,17 e 9,03 kg/dia, para Jafarabadi, Mediterrâneo e Murrah, respectivamente). Porém, entre os GG, o Mediterrâneo apresentou melhor eficiência alimentar (EA) e conversão alimentar (CA) (0,16 e 6,36, respectivamente; P<0,01). Houve diferença estatística para o epitélio das papilas ruminais, em que o GG Murrah obteve maior valor que os outros GG (49,14, 48,99 e 55,46 m, para Jafarabadi, Mediterrâneo e Murrah, respectivamente). Foi verificada tendência para a largura das papilas (P=0,09) e número médio de papilas por cm2 (NMP). Em conclusão, os GG de bubalinos possuem diferenças no desempenho, assim como nas características das papilas que indicam capacidade metabólica e absortiva, sendo melhor para o GG Mediterrâneo e similar para os GG Murrah e Jafarabadi, em sistema de confinamento. No entanto, essas diferenças não afetam a digestibilidade.

Buffaloes are animals that havehigh adaptability in several production systems dueto theirskills inusingnutrients from food.Little research involving knowledgeof metabolism together with morphological changes in the feedlot buffalo's ruminal mucosais scarce and more specific studies are needed toclarify thesegaps. This study evaluated the performance, digestibility andruminal morphology of threegroups of buffaloes finished in feedlot.78 malebuffaloes(Bubalus bubalis bubalis) from different geneticgroups (GG)(GG: Jafarabadi, Mediterraneanand Murrah; n=26animals from each GG; initial body weight: 378.57 ±42.76 kg) wereused.Thediet was provided ad libitumby meansof electronictroughs for individual determinationof the drymatterintake(DMI). Theefficiencyperiod consisted of 84 days,and in the last 13days the digestibility assessment was carried out, in which 10 days were used to collect data tocalculate theDMIand 3 days to collect feces. Samples of the ruminal epithelium werecollectedafter slaughter formorphological and histological analysis of the ruminal papillae. Therewas astatistical differencefortheperformancevariablesbetween the GG(P <0.01). Jafarabadi and Mediterranean showed superiorperformanceinfeedlotcompared to Murrah (P <0.01)foraveragedaily gain (1.57,1.60 and 1.29 kg / day,forJafarabadi,Mediterraneanand Murrah,respectively) and DMI(10.72, 10.17 and 9.03 kg / day, forJafarabadi, Mediterranean and Murrah, respectively). However, among the GGs, the Mediterranean showed better feedefficiency (FE)and feed conversion (FC) (0.16and 6.36, respectively;P<0.01). Therewas astatistical differenceforthe epithelium of the ruminal papillae, in which the GGMurrahobtained ahighervaluethan the otherGGs (49.14, 48.99 and 55.46 m, forJafarabadi,Mediterraneanand Murrah, respectively). A trend was observed forthe width of thepapillae(P=0.09)and the averagenumberof papillaeper cm2(ANP). In conclusion, the buffaloes' GGhavedifferencesin performance,as wellasin thecharacteristics of thepapillaethat indicatemetabolicand absorptivecapacity, being better for the Mediterranean GGand similar fortheGGMurrah and Jafarabadi, in afeedlotsystem. However, thesedifferences do not affect digestibility.

Suplementação com grão de milho inteiro tipo flint ou feno de gramínea tropical na dieta de bezerros leiteiros

O feno de gramínea tropical pode auxiliar na manutenção da saúde ruminal, no entanto, pode diminuir a ingestão de energia, enquanto o grão de milho inteiro pode ser uma fonte alternativa de fibra na dieta de bezerros jovens. Quarenta e dois bezerros da raça Holandesa foram utilizados em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, considerando sexo, data de nascimento e peso aos 21 dias de idade (48,7 ± 0,82 kg), quando a suplementação começou. Três dietas sólidas foram comparadas: 1) Controle: concentrado comercial (24,7% PB, 13,9% FDN, 46,6% CNF); 2) Feno: concentrado comercial, suplementado com feno de Tifton picado de livre escolha; e 3) Milho: concentrado comercial suplementado com grãos de milho inteiro de livre escolha. O período experimental foi de 84 dias, onde os bezerros receberam o mesmo manejo durante os primeiros 21d alimentados com 6L/d de leite integral e concentrado comercial, seguido de redução para 4L/d de leite integral até o desaleitamento gradual aos 56 dias de idade. Aos 56d foram escolhidos aleatoriamente 4 animais por tratamento para serem abatidos e realizadas análises histológicas do rúmen, duodeno e ceco, os outros trinta animais foram desaleitados e avaliados por mais 28 dias, quando os animais do tratamento controle passaram a receber feno ad libitum. O consumo de ração foi medido diariamente. O ganho de peso e os indicadores metabólicos do metabolismo intermediário foram avaliados semanalmente. O líquido ruminal foi coletado nas semanas 6, 8, 10 e 12 de idade. O livre acesso ao feno promoveu um aumento no consumo de matéria seca (CMS) total e no CMS do concentrado, consequentemente, os bezerros suplementados com feno apresentaram maior ganho de peso diário e maior peso ao desaleitamento. O livre acesso ao grão de milho inteiro promoveu aumento na proporção de propionato e diminuição na relação acetato:propionato. Os parâmetros morfométricos foram afetados pelo livre acesso ao feno. O desempenho no pós-aleitamento não foi afetado pelas dietas sólidas, no entanto, a suplementação com grão de milho inteiro diminuiu o pH ruminal e o pH fecal. A suplementação com feno de Tifton na dieta, desde os 21 dias de idade, pode estimular uma ingestão precoce da dieta sólida, promovendo melhor desempenho, garantindo a saúde ruminal e intestinal após o desaleitamento de bezerros leiteiros.

Tropical hay may result in ruminal health, however, may be decrease energy intake while the whole corn grain may be an alternative fiber source in the diet of young dairy calves. Forty- two Holstein calves were used in a randomized block design, considering sex, birth date and weight at 21 days of age, when the supplementation started. Three solid diets were compared: 1) Control: starter concentrate; 2) Hay: starter concentrate, supplemented with free choice chopped Tifton hay; and 3) Whole corn: starter concentrate supplemented with free choice whole corn grain. The experimental period was 84 days, but calves were equally managed during the first 21 days when they were fed with 6L/d of whole milk and commercial concentrate ad libitum. After that, milk feeding was reduced to 4L/d of whole milk until gradual weaning at 56 days of age. At d56, four animals were randomly chosen per treatment to be slaughtered to collect tissue for histological analysis of the rumen, duodenum and cecum, the other thirty animals were weaned and evaluated for a further 28d when control animals received hay ad libitum. Feed intake was measured daily. Weight gain and metabolic indicators of intermediate metabolism were evaluated weekly. Ruminal fluid was collected at week 6, 8, 10 and 12 of age. Free access to hay promoted an increased in the total DMI and concentrate DMI, consequently, calves supplemented with hay presented higher average daily gain and higher body weight at d56. Free access to whole corn grain promoted an increase in propionate and decreased acetate-to-propionate ratio. Morphometrics parameters were affected by free access to hay. The performance in the postweaning period were unaffected by solid diets, however, supplementation with whole corn grain decreased rumen pH and fecal pH. Tifton hay, since 21 day of life, can stimulate an early solid diet intake, promoting better performance, ensuring ruminal and intestinal health after weaning.

Incidência de ruminite e abscesso hepático em bovinos jovens confinados alimentados com dietas contendo aditivos alimentares / Incidence of ruminite and liver abscess of feedlot bullocks fed high concentrate diets containing feed additives

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão do preparado de anticorpos policlonais (PAP) e/ou de monensina sódica (MON) na morfologia das papilas ruminais, incidência de ruminites (IR) e abscessos hepáticos (AH) em bovinos jovens confinados. Foram utilizados 72 novilhos da raça Brangus, não castrados, com peso vivo inicial de 261,04 ± 34,73 kg, em 24 baias (3 animais/baia) com 6 repetições por tratamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2, sendo os fatores a adição ou não de MON e PAP. Após o abate foram realizadas as avaliações. No fígado tanto o percentual de AH quanto a severidade foram menores (P < 0,01) nos animais que receberam PAP em relação aos que não receberam. A inclusão de MON foi apenas eficiente em reduzir (P < 0,01) a severidade dos AH em relação ao tratamento sem o aditivo. Não houve efeito dos aditivos sobre o IR. O tratamento com MON resultou em maior (P=0,07) superfície de absorção/cm2 de parede de rúmen e maior ( P=0,10) área papilar em relação ao tratamento sem este aditivo. Número de papilas/cm2 de parede e área média das papilas não apresentaram diferenças entre tratamentos. O uso de PAP foi eficiente na redução de AH bem como a severidade, porém não foi capaz de melhorar a forma e a estrutura das papilas ruminais, como o observado com o uso de MON.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of polyclonal antibodies preparation (PAP) and/or monensin (MON) on the morphology of the rumen papillae, incidence of ruminate (IR) and liver abscess in feedlot bullocks. Seventy-two bullocks Brangus (261.04 ± 34.73kg) were housed in 24 pens (3 bullocks/pen) with6 replications per treatment. The experimental design was completely randomized 2 x 2 factorial, the factors werethe inclusion or not of MON and PAP.After slaughter, the evaluations were performed. For the livers, both the percentage of abscesses and the severity of them were lower (P 0.05) of additives on the IR. The treatment with MON had higher (P = 0.07) surface absorption/cm2 wall of the rumen and greater (P = 0.10) papillary area compared to treatment without this additive. Number of papillae/cm2 wall and average area of the papillae showed no difference among treatments. The use of PAP was effective in reducing HA as well as the severity the same, but was not able to improve the shape and structure of the ruminal papillae, as observed with the use of MON.

Incidência de ruminite e abscesso hepático em bovinos jovens confinados alimentados com dietas contendo aditivos alimentares

p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of polyclonal antibodies preparation (PAP) and/or monensin (MON) on the morphology of the rumen papillae, incidence of ruminate (IR) and liver abscess in feedlot bullocks. Seventy-two bullocks Brangus (261.04 ± 34.73kg) were housed in 24 pens (3 bullocks/pen) with6 replications per treatment. The experimental design was completely randomized 2 x 2 factorial, the factors werethe inclusion or not of MON and PAP.After slaughter, the evaluations were performed. For the livers, both the percentage of abscesses and the severity of them were lower ( italic>P /italic> 0.01) in animals fed diets with PAP than those fed MON. The inclusion of MON in the diet was only effective in reducing ( italic>P /italic> 0.01) the severity of the abscesses in relation to treatment without this additive. There was no effect ( italic>P /italic>> 0.05) of additives on the IR. The treatment with MON had higher ( italic>P /italic> = 0.07) surface absorption/cm sup>2 /sup> wall of the rumen and greater ( italic>P /italic> = 0.10) papillary area compared to treatment without this additive. Number of papillae/cm sup>2 /sup> wall and average area of the papillae showed no difference among treatments. The use of PAP was effective in reducing HA as well as the severity the same, but was not able to improve the shape and structure of the ruminal papillae, as observed with the use of MON. /p>

p>O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão do preparado de anticorpos policlonais (PAP) e/ou de monensina sódica (MON) na morfologia das papilas ruminais, incidência de ruminites (IR) e abscessos hepáticos (AH) em bovinos jovens confinados. Foram utilizados 72 novilhos da raça Brangus, não castrados, com peso vivo inicial de 261,04 ± 34,73 kg, em 24 baias (3 animais/baia) com 6 repetições por tratamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2, sendo os fatores a adição ou não de MON e PAP. Após o abate foram realizadas as avaliações. No fígado tanto o percentual de AH quanto a severidade foram menores (P 0,01) nos animais que receberam PAP em relação aos que não receberam. A inclusão de MON foi apenas eficiente em reduzir (P 0,01) a severidade dos AH em relação ao tratamento sem o aditivo. Não houve efeito dos aditivos sobre o IR. O tratamento com MON resultou em maior (P=0,07) superfície de absorção/cm sup>2 /sup> de parede de rúmen e maior (P=0,10) área papilar em relação ao tratamento sem este aditivo. Número de papilas/cm sup>2 /sup> de parede e área média das papilas não apresentaram diferenças entre tratamentos. O uso de PAP foi eficiente na redução de AH bem como a severidade, porém não foi capaz de melhorar a forma e a estrutura das papilas ruminais, como o observado com o uso de MON. /p>