Metástases à distância de tumor venéreo transmissível peniano em cão / Distant metastasis of genital transmissible venereal tumor in male dogs

Transmissible venereal tumor is a round cell neoplasm caused by the transfer of tumor cells usually during copulation which affects the external genitalia of female and male dogs. Despite the benign character, its potential for malignancy increases in immunocompromised animals and tumors can spread to different parts of the body. Presents a simple diagnosis through cytopathological analysis and treatment consists in chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate as the initial choice, because it is economically viable, well tolerated and effective in most cases. The present study reports the case of a canine, male, SRD, 8 years old, presenting TVT in the penis and foreskin and significant clinical changes. It was submitted to five chemotherapy sessions with a veterinary colleague, but the treatment was not successful. Due to the clinical worsening during hospitalization and the poor prognosis of the case, the tutor opted for euthanasia. During the autopsy, nodules were found in the pancreas, kidneys, inguinal, sacral and illicit lymph nodes, besides the mass in the preputial and inguinal region. All of those were compatible with transmissible venereal tumor lymphocytoid subtype and its metastases. Because few cases of distant metastases from genital tumors were reported, presenting wide systemic involvement and refractory to conventional treatment, we opted for the description of this case.

Metástases à distância de tumor venéreo transmissível peniano em cão / Distant metastasis of genital transmissible venereal tumor in male dogs

Transmissible venereal tumor is a round cell neoplasm caused by the transfer of tumor cells usually during copulation which affects the external genitalia of female and male dogs. Despite the benign character, its potential for malignancy increases in immunocompromised animals and tumors can spread to different parts of the body. Presents a simple diagnosis through cytopathological analysis and treatment consists in chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate as the initial choice, because it is economically viable, well tolerated and effective in most cases. The present study reports the case of a canine, male, SRD, 8 years old, presenting TVT in the penis and foreskin and significant clinical changes. It was submitted to five chemotherapy sessions with a veterinary colleague, but the treatment was not successful. Due to the clinical worsening during hospitalization and the poor prognosis of the case, the tutor opted for euthanasia. During the autopsy, nodules were found in the pancreas, kidneys, inguinal, sacral and illicit lymph nodes, besides the mass in the preputial and inguinal region. All of those were compatible with transmissible venereal tumor lymphocytoid subtype and its metastases. Because few cases of distant metastases from genital tumors were reported, presenting wide systemic involvement and refractory to conventional treatment, we opted for the description of this case.(AU)

Leishmaniose visceral no trato reprodutor masculino de cães: Caracterização in situ de aspectos imunopatológicos e parasitários.

A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial causada pelo protozoário Leishmania infantum. O principal reservatório é o cão doméstico e a transmissão, geralmente, se dá pela ação hematófaga do inseto vetor da espécie Lutzomya longipalpis. No entanto, a transmissão vertical transplacentária e a transmissão venérea tem sido descritas ao longo dos últimos anos, de modo que estudos relatam que a transmissão ocorre de maneira unilateral. É extremamente importante que se realize estudos envolvendo o trato reprodutor de cães quanto a sua suscetibilidade e resistência à infecção, pois ainda não há relatos sobre sua caracterização imunológica. Desse modo, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar a infecção do trato reprodutor masculino de cães com LV naturalmente infectados, com ênfase nos aspectos imunopatológicos e parasitários. Sendo assim, foram coletadas amostras de sangue e tecidos do trato genital de machos sintomáticos (n=9) e assintomáticos (n=7) naturalmente infectados com L. Infantum de animais eutanasiados do Hospital Veterinário Francisco Uchoa Lopes da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão e da Unidade de Vigilância em Zoonoses (UVZ) da Ilha de São Luís MA. Os materiais coletados foram submetidos a métodos de diagnósticos sorológicos e moleculares, além de análises histopatológicas, imuno-histoquimicas e de qPCR para avaliação da carga parasitária e expressão de citocinas. Todos os animais analisados apresentaram diagnóstico positivo em pelo menos um dos testes realizados. Observou-se baixa frequência de lesões macroscópicas nos segmentos, entretanto as alterações histopatológicas foram caracterizadas sobretudo por infiltrado inflamatório com predomínio de macrófagos no prepúcio, epidídimo, Próstata e glande, além de degeneração do epitélio germinativo nos testículos. Foram encontradas formas amastigotas de Leishmania sp. no prepúcio e próstata através da imuno-histoquímica. Houve diferenças estatísticas na quantificação de carga parasitária nos tecidos analisados em comparações entre os tecidos/grupos, tendo o prepúcio como o único tecido com divergência significativa entre seus grupos. Desse modo, presente trabalho demonstrou que o trato reprodutor masculino é um sítio frequente de parasitismo pela Leishmania e o mesmo deve ser incluso como diagnóstico diferencial durante avaliação de lesões infecciosas dessa região.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum. The main reservoir is the domestic dog and its transmission is usually due to the vector insect haematophagous action of the species Lutzomya longipalpis. However, transplacental vertical transmission and venereal transmission have been described over the last years, so studies report that transmission occurs unilaterally. It is extremely important to conduct studies involving the reproductive tract of dogs regarding its susceptibility and resistance to infection, as there are no reports on its immunological characterization in these cases. This research aimed to characterize the male reproductive tract infection in dogs naturally infected VL, with emphasis on immunopathological and parasitic aspects. Blood and tissue samples from the genital tract of symptomatic (n = 9) and asymptomatic (n = 7) males naturally infected with L. infantum were collected from euthanized animals of the veterinary Hospital Francisco Uchoa Lopes on Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA) and the Unidade de Vigilância em Zoonoses (UVZ) in São Luís Island MA. The collected materials were submitted to serological and molecular diagnostic methods, as well as histopathological, immunohistochemical and qPCR analysis for parasite load evaluation and cytokine expression. All animals analyzed had a positive diagnosis in at least one of the tests performed. A little macroscopic lesions frequency was observed in the segments, however, histopathological changes were characterized mainly by inflammatory infiltrate with a macrophages predominance in the foreskin, epididymis, prostate and glans, in addition to the germinal epithelium degeneration in the testicles. Leishmania sp. amastigote forms in the foreskin and prostate through immunohistochemistry. There were statistical differences in the quantification of parasitic load on the tissues analyzed in comparisons between the tissues / groups, with the foreskin as the only tissue with significant divergence between its groups. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the male reproductive tract is a frequent site of parasitism by Leishmania and it must be included as a differential diagnosis during the evaluation of infectious lesions in that region.

Ultrassonografia bidimensional e Doppler para avaliação do trato reprodutor de pequenos animais / Bi-dimensional-ultrasonography and Doppler to evaluate the reproductive tract of small animals

A ultrassonografia bi-dimensional vem sendo utilizada para avaliação do trato reprodutor de cães e gatos há muito tempo. Mais recentemente, o Doppler surgiu como mais uma ferramenta para auxiliar no monitoramento de gestação, caracterizar os vasos em diferentes fases do ciclo estral, bem como para avaliar a vascularização da próstata e dos testículos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pequena revisão é traçar um panorama do uso da ultrassonografia bidimensional e do Doppler para avaliação do trato reprodutivo de pequenos animais.

Two-dimensional ultrasonography has been used for assessment of reproductive tract of dogs and cats for a long time. More recently, the Doppler emerged as another tool to assist in the monitoring of pregnancy, to characterize the vascular circulation in different phases of estrous cycle, as well as to evaluate the testicular and prostatic vasculature. In this way, the purpose of this little review is to draw a panorama using the two-dimensional ultrasonography and Doppler studies for evaluation of the reproductive tract of small animals.

Ultrassonografia bidimensional e Doppler para avaliação do trato reprodutor de pequenos animais / Bi-dimensional-ultrasonography and Doppler to evaluate the reproductive tract of small animals

A ultrassonografia bi-dimensional vem sendo utilizada para avaliação do trato reprodutor de cães e gatos há muito tempo. Mais recentemente, o Doppler surgiu como mais uma ferramenta para auxiliar no monitoramento de gestação, caracterizar os vasos em diferentes fases do ciclo estral, bem como para avaliar a vascularização da próstata e dos testículos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pequena revisão é traçar um panorama do uso da ultrassonografia bidimensional e do Doppler para avaliação do trato reprodutivo de pequenos animais.(AU)

Two-dimensional ultrasonography has been used for assessment of reproductive tract of dogs and cats for a long time. More recently, the Doppler emerged as another tool to assist in the monitoring of pregnancy, to characterize the vascular circulation in different phases of estrous cycle, as well as to evaluate the testicular and prostatic vasculature. In this way, the purpose of this little review is to draw a panorama using the two-dimensional ultrasonography and Doppler studies for evaluation of the reproductive tract of small animals.(AU)