Resumo
The authors report the occurrence of the nasal mite Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum (Trouessart, 1895) (Acarina: Rhinonyssidae) in free-living fulvous whistling duck Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot, 1816) and white-faced whistling-duck Dendrocygna viduata (Linnaeus, 1766) in the Rio Grande do Sul region, Southern Brazil. Prevalence and mean intensity showed values of 35.5% and 2.27 mites to D. bicolor and 13% and 9.33 mites for D. viduatta. The intensity of parasitism ranged from 1 to 6 mites in D. bicolor, and 1 to 22 mites in D. viduatta. This is the first report of R. rhinolethrum on D. bicolor and D. viduata in Rio Grande do Sul, expanding the list of anatids parasitized by this species in this State.
Os autores relatam a ocorrência do ácaro nasal Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum (Trouessart, 1895) (Acarina: Rhinonyssidae) em marreca caneleira Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot, 1816) e marreca piadeira Dendrocygna viduata (Linnaeus, 1766) de vida livre na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Para a prevalência e intensidade média foram observados 35,5% e 2,27 ácaros para D. bicolor e 13% e 9,33 ácaros para D. viduatta. A intensidade de parasitismo observada variou de 1 a 6 ácaros em D. bicolor e 1 a 22 ácaros em D. viduatta. O parasitismo caracteriza o primeiro relato da ocorrência de R. rhinolethrum sobre Dendrocygna bicolor e sobre Dendrocygna viduata no Rio Grande do Sul, ampliando a listagem dos anatídeos parasitados por essa espécie neste Estado.
Assuntos
Animais , Anseriformes , Parasitos , Ácaros , AvesResumo
Os autores relatam a ocorrência do ácaro nasal Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum (Trouessart, 1895) (Acarina: Rhinonyssidae) em marreca caneleira Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot, 1816) e marreca piadeira Dendrocygna viduata (Linnaeus, 1766) de vida livre na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Para a prevalência e intensidade média foram observados 35,5% e 2,27 ácaros para D. bicolor e 13% e 9,33 ácaros para D. viduatta . A intensidade de parasitismo observada variou de 1 a 6 ácaros em D. bicolor e 1 a 22 ácaros em D. viduatta . O parasitismo caracteriza o primeiro relato da ocorrência de R. rhinolethrum sobre Dendrocygna bicolor e sobre Dendrocygna viduata no Rio Grande do Sul, ampliando a listagem dos anatídeos parasitados por essa espécie neste Estado.(AU)
The authors report the occurrence of the nasal mite Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum (Trouessart, 1895) (Acarina: Rhinonyssidae) in free-living fulvous whistling duck Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot, 1816) and white-faced whistling-duck Dendrocygna viduata (Linnaeus, 1766) in the Rio Grande do Sul region, Southern Brazil. Prevalence and mean intensity showed values of 35.5% and 2.27 mites to D. bicolor and 13% and 9.33 mites for D. viduatta . The intensity of parasitism ranged from 1 to 6 mites in D. bicolor , and 1 to 22 mites in D. viduatta . This is the first report of R. rhinolethrum on D. bicolor and D. viduata in Rio Grande do Sul, expanding the list of anatids parasitized by this species in this State.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Parasitos , Anseriformes , Ácaros , AvesResumo
The authors report the occurrence of the nasal mite Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum (Trouessart, 1895) (Acarina: Rhinonyssidae) in free-living fulvous whistling duck Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot, 1816) and white-faced whistling-duck Dendrocygna viduata (Linnaeus, 1766) in the Rio Grande do Sul region, Southern Brazil. Prevalence and mean intensity showed values of 35.5% and 2.27 mites to D. bicolor and 13% and 9.33 mites for D. viduatta. The intensity of parasitism ranged from 1 to 6 mites in D. bicolor, and 1 to 22 mites in D. viduatta. This is the first report of R. rhinolethrum on D. bicolor and D. viduata in Rio Grande do Sul, expanding the list of anatids parasitized by this species in this State.(AU)
Os autores relatam a ocorrência do ácaro nasal Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum (Trouessart, 1895) (Acarina: Rhinonyssidae) em marreca caneleira Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot, 1816) e marreca piadeira Dendrocygna viduata (Linnaeus, 1766) de vida livre na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Para a prevalência e intensidade média foram observados 35,5% e 2,27 ácaros para D. bicolor e 13% e 9,33 ácaros para D. viduatta. A intensidade de parasitismo observada variou de 1 a 6 ácaros em D. bicolor e 1 a 22 ácaros em D. viduatta. O parasitismo caracteriza o primeiro relato da ocorrência de R. rhinolethrum sobre Dendrocygna bicolor e sobre Dendrocygna viduata no Rio Grande do Sul, ampliando a listagem dos anatídeos parasitados por essa espécie neste Estado.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ácaros , Anseriformes , Parasitos , AvesResumo
A total of 81 Tyraniidae birds were examined, 80 Pitangus sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Great kiscadee), and one Machetornis rixosa (Vieilot, 1819) (Cattle tyrant), for collection of nasal mites, which were identified as Ptilonyssus spinosus (Brooks & Strandtmann, 1960) and Sternostoma longisetosae (Hyland, 1961) (Rhinonyssidae). This finding characterises the first report of P. spinosus and S. longisetosae in P. sulphuratus, and the first record of P. spinosus in M. rixosa, and expands the geographic distribution of these species. It is the first occurrence of S. longisetosae in the Neotropics, and the first citation of P. spinosus in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.(AU)
Foram examinadas 81 aves Tyraniidae, 80 Pitangus sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Bem-te-vi) e um Machetornis rixosa (Vieilot, 1819) (Suiriri-cavaleiro) para coleta de ácaros nasais, os quais foram identificados como Ptilonyssus spinosus (Brooks & Strandtmann, 1960) e Sternostoma longisetosae (Hyland, 1961) (Rhinonyssidae). Este achado caracteriza o primeiro relato de P. spinosus e S. longisetosae em P. sulphuratus e o primeiro registro de P. spinosus em M. rixosa, e amplia a distribuição geográfica destas espécies, sendo a primeira ocorrência de S. longisetosae na região neotropical e primeira citação de P. spinosus no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ácaros/classificação , Cavidade Nasal/parasitologia , Passeriformes/parasitologia , Brasil , /classificaçãoResumo
Background: The nasal mites of the Rhinonyssidae family include the highest diversity of mandatory hematophagous endoparasites of the respiratory system of birds. In general, these mites cause no significant lesions, except Sternostoma tracheacolum that invades the trachea, lungs and air sacs and may compromise breathing in birds. This study reports the death of a Belgian canary (Serinus canaria domestica) due to the parasitism by S. tracheacolum with an aggravating and concurrent pododermatitis infection.Case: A Belgian canary from a commercial bird flock, in which a high mortality rate had lately been recorded, was submitted to necropsy. Multiple blackened foci (1.0 mm in diameter) present in the trachea and the air sacs were subsequently identified as Sternostoma tracheacolum mites. Microscopically, there were diffuse and moderate infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and heterophils within the tracheal submucosa and areas of fibrosis and osseous metaplasia of the tracheal cartilage. In the air sacs, there were multiple yellowish-brown foci of caseous necrosis, which were surrounded by inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. In the lungs, there were foci of caseous necrosis surrounded by macrophages. In the tracheal lumen, mites sections were observed. Clusters of nucleated erythrocytes and brown granular pigment were seen withi
Background: The nasal mites of the Rhinonyssidae family include the highest diversity of mandatory hematophagous endoparasites of the respiratory system of birds. In general, these mites cause no significant lesions, except Sternostoma tracheacolum that invades the trachea, lungs and air sacs and may compromise breathing in birds. This study reports the death of a Belgian canary (Serinus canaria domestica) due to the parasitism by S. tracheacolum with an aggravating and concurrent pododermatitis infection.Case: A Belgian canary from a commercial bird flock, in which a high mortality rate had lately been recorded, was submitted to necropsy. Multiple blackened foci (1.0 mm in diameter) present in the trachea and the air sacs were subsequently identified as Sternostoma tracheacolum mites. Microscopically, there were diffuse and moderate infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and heterophils within the tracheal submucosa and areas of fibrosis and osseous metaplasia of the tracheal cartilage. In the air sacs, there were multiple yellowish-brown foci of caseous necrosis, which were surrounded by inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. In the lungs, there were foci of caseous necrosis surrounded by macrophages. In the tracheal lumen, mites sections were observed. Clusters of nucleated erythrocytes and brown granular pigment were seen withi
Resumo
Background: The nasal mites of the Rhinonyssidae family include the highest diversity of mandatory hematophagous endoparasites of the respiratory system of birds. In general, these mites cause no significant lesions, except Sternostoma tracheacolum that invades the trachea, lungs and air sacs and may compromise breathing in birds. This study reports the death of a Belgian canary (Serinus canaria domestica) due to the parasitism by S. tracheacolum with an aggravating and concurrent pododermatitis infection. Case: A Belgian canary from a commercial bird flock, in which a high mortality rate had lately been recorded, was submitted to necropsy. Multiple blackened foci (1.0 mm in diameter) present in the trachea and the air sacs were subsequently identified as Sternostoma tracheacolum mites. Microscopically, there were diffuse and moderate infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and heterophils within the tracheal submucosa and areas of fibrosis and osseous metaplasia of the tracheal cartilage. In the air sacs, there were multiple yellowish-brown foci of caseous necrosis, which were surrounded by inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. In the lungs, there were foci of caseous necrosis surrounded by macrophages. In the tracheal lumen, mites sections were observed. Clusters of nucleated erythrocytes and brown granular pigment were seen within the longitudinal section of the mites. Prussian blue (Perls) special staining evidenced no hemosiderin content in the mite's tissues, in which no melanin could be detected, as well. Discussion: The parasitism by S. tracheacolum in canaries was first described in South Africa. In such cases, the mite induced clinical respiratory disease and killed the birds. Subsequently, reports of parasitism by these mites included several additional bird species, of which, Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) has been the most frequently affected and there are only a few reports of the condition in canaries. Clinically, hosts have difficulty breathing, exercise intolerance, coughing and sneezing. Depending on the severity, infection can persist for months or lead to death by suffocation or weakness. Clinical signs and death are related to the appearance of the lesions induced by the mites. Mite eggs are deposited in the lungs and the larvae hatch soon after oviposition. After the first meal, the female protonymph migrates to the posterior parabronchia, while the male protonymph remains in the lungs, where it completes the development. The adult mites full of eggs tend to occupy the parabronchia, the syrinx and the trachea. The negative results on Prussian blue and melanin bleach methods indicate that the dark pigment present within the tissues from the mites is neither hemosiderin nor melanin, respectively. In parasitism due to Plasmodium sp. (malaria), hemozoin, an iron-containing pigment associated with erythrocytic changes induced by the protozoan, has not been detectable by the Prussian blue staining. It is suggested that the dark color observed in the mites in this study could be associated with a similar pigment. The clinical respiratory diseases in birds are generally nonspecific. The paper focuses on the importance of the confirmation of the diagnosis by the necropsy and histopathological examinations, as well as on the characterization of this respiratory parasitic disease of birds.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Doenças Respiratórias/veterinária , Canários/anatomia & histologia , Dispneia/veterinária , Infestações por Ácaros/mortalidade , Ácaros/parasitologiaResumo
Chrysomus ruficapillus tem distribuição geográfica restrita às Américas. Ocorre no território brasileiro e no Rio Grande do Sul é considerada uma das aves mais abundantes, no entanto, informações sobre parasitos associados à espécie são escassas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi conhecer e analisar a assembleia de ácaros nasais e de helmintos de C. ruficapillus. Foram examinadas 122 aves (20 fêmeas, 102 machos: 46 adultos e 56 juvenis), coletadas no período de 2013 a 2014 na Granjas 4 Irmãos S.A., município do Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul. Para a coleta dos ácaros nasais foi utilizada técnica específica, assim como para a coleta de helmintos. Os ácaros nasais foram identificados morfologicamente e os helmintos através da morfologia e morfometria. Foram estimados os índices parasitológicos: prevalência (P%), abundância média de infecção (AM) e intensidade média de infecção (IMI) para ácaros nasais e helmintos, levando em consideração o total de hospedeiros, e conforme o gênero sexual das aves. Relatadas co-infecções por ácaros nasais e co-ocorrência entre helmintos. As P% e IMI por ácaros nasais foram comparadas estatisticamente: (a) quanto a presença de ácaros nasais considerando o total das aves examinadas; (b) em relação a maturidade sexual dos machos (adultos e juvenis) (n=102); (c) quanto aos períodos de coleta (PC-I e PC-II); (d) quanto a presença de co-infecções de acordo com o período de coleta (PC-I e PC-II) (n=122). Para os helmintos, as P% e IM foram comparadas: (1) quanto a presença de cada táxon parasita (n=122); (2) em relação a maturidade sexual dos machos (n=102); (3) entre os períodos de coleta. Além disso, foram estimados o índice de agregação, o nível de agregação e elaborada a análise de dispersão de três taxa de helmintos. Do total de aves examinadas, P%=62,2 foram positivas para ácaros nasais, P%=47,5 para Ereynetidae e P%=27,9 para Rhinonyssidae. A assembleia de ácaros nasais parasitos de C. ruficapillus foi composta por: Boydaia agelaii (Ereynetidae), Sternostoma strandtmanni, Ptilonyssus sairae, Ptilonyssus icteridius e Ptilonyssus sp. (Rhinonyssidae). Co-infecções ocorreram em 22 aves, entre duas, três e quatro taxa. Quanto às comparações estatísticas (a) B. agelaii destacou-se quanto à P%=47,5 superior às outras espécies agrupadas. (b) Quanto à maturidade sexual, machos adultos foram parasitados por cinco taxa enquanto machos juvenis por quatro. Os machos juvenis apresentaram valores de P% mais elevados que os machos adultos, no entanto, não houve diferença significativa na infecção entre adultos e juvenis. (c) A P% de ácaros nasais foi mais elevada no PC-II (P%=72,6) (outono/inverno austral), porém, não foram verificadas diferenças quanto às IMI; (d) Em relação às co-infecções, foram mais frequentes no outono/inverno austral (PC-II). Quanto às infecções por helmintos, 114 C. ruficapillus foram parasitadas por pelo menos um táxon (P%=93,4). Trematoda representou (P%=75,4), Cestoda (P%=20,5), Nematoda (P%=57,4) e Acanthocephala (P%=2,4). A assembleia foi composta por 15 taxa: Tanaisia valida (Eucotylidae), Prosthogonimus ovatus (Prosthogonimidae), Conspicuum conspicuum (Dicrocoellidae: Leipertrematinae), Stomylotrema gratiosus (Stomylotrematidae), Eumegacetes sp. (Eumegacetidae), Strigea sp. (Strigeidae), duas espécies de Echinostoma (Echinostomatidae) (Trematoda: Digenea); Mathevotaenia sp. (Anoplocephalidae) e Anonchotaenia sp. (Paruterinidae) (Cestoda); Diplotriaena bargusinica (Diplotriaenidae), Oxyspirura sp. (Thelaziidae), uma espécie de Aproctoidea, uma de Capillariidae (Nematoda) e Mediorhynchus micranthus (Gigantorhynchidae) (Acanthocephala). Foram relatadas co-ocorrências por taxa helmintos em 79 hospedeiros. Espécies que apresentam potencial zoonótico foram identificadas (Echinostoma spp.), no 7 entanto, com índices extremamente baixos. Relativo as análises estatísticas, (1) Nenhum dos taxa helmintos apresentaram diferença quando comparadas as P% e IMI. (2) O Trematoda P. ovatus foi mais prevalente parasitando machos juvenis (P%=21,4) e o Cestoda Mathevotaenia (P%=30,4) infectando machos adultos. (3) Em relação aos períodos de coleta, P. ovatus destacou-se pela (P%=24,2) no PC-II (outono/inverno austral). Os resultados do índice de agregação e nível de agregação das infrapopulações de T. valida, D. bargusinica e Mathevotaenia sp. apresentaram distribuição agregada e fortemente agregada em C. ruficapillus. A análise de dispersão dos taxa, demonstrou que de acordo com o crescimento dos hospedeiros machos, há um declínio na carga das parasitoses de D. bargusinica e Mathevotaenia sp., enquanto que para T. valida as infecções são mantidas. Os três taxa demonstraram uma tendência de diminuição na carga parasitária conforme o ganho de peso das aves. De modo geral, a infecção por ácaros nasais em C. ruficapillus sugere que seja influenciada pelo período de coleta e comportamento da ave. Enquanto a infecção por helmintos pela dieta de C. ruficapillus, visto que a ingestão de Arthropoda, é essencial na fase inicial da vida da ave. Chrysomus ruficapillus é um novo hospedeiro para os ácaros nasais: Boydaia agelaii, Sternostoma strandtmanni e Ptilonyssus sairae no Brasil, e para Ptilonyssus icteridius o registro mais austral no continente americano. Pela primeira vez no Brasil, são relatadas para Icteridae: Stomylotrema gratiosus, Eumegacetes, Mathevotaenia, Aproctoidea e Capillariidae. Os 15 taxa helmintos identificados em Chrysomus ruficapillus: Tanaisia valida, Prosthogonimus ovatus, Conspicuum conspicuum, Stomylotrema gratiosus, Eumegacetes sp., Strigea sp., duas espécies de Echinostoma; Mathevotaenia sp. e Anonchotaenia sp.; Diplotriaena bargusinica, Oxyspirura sp., uma espécie de Aproctoidea, uma de Capillariidae e Mediorhynchus micranthus são registros inéditos na América do Sul. Gerando portanto, conhecimento sobre a helmintofauna e ampliando as informações sobre a acarofauna desta ave.
Chrysomus ruficapillus has a geographic distribution restricted to the Americas, occurs in the Brazilian territory and in state of Rio Grande do Sul, is considered one of the most abundant birds, however, informations about parasites associated to the species are scarce. In this sense, the aim of this study was to know and analyze the nasal mites and helminths associated of C. ruficapillus. Were examined 122 C. ruficapillus (20 female, 102 males: 46 adult and 56 juvenile), collected in the period of 2013 to 2014 at the property Granjas 4 Irmãos S.A., Rio Grande, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Nasal mites and helminths were collected with specific technique according each group. Nasal mites were identified morphologically and the helminths through morphology and morphometry. Were estimated the parasitological indexes: prevalence (P%), average abundance of infection (AM) and mean intensity of infection (IMI) for nasal mites and helminths, taking into account the total number of hosts and according to the sexual gender of the birds. Were reported the number of co-infections of nasal mites and co-occurrences between helminth species. P% and IMI for nasal mites were compared for: (a) presence of nasal mites considering the total number of birds examined; (b) in relation to the sexual maturity of males (adults and juveniles) (n=102); (c) collect periods (PC-I and PC-II); (d) presence of co-infections in the collection period (PC-I and PC-II) (n=122). For the helminths, P% and IMI were comparated for: (1) presence of each táxon parasite (n=122); (2) in relation to the sexual maturity of males (n=102); (3) between the collect periods. In addition, the aggregation index and the level of aggregation were estimated, and elaborat the dispersion analysis of three taxa helminths. Of the total number of birds examined, P%=62.2 were positive for nasal mites, P%=47.5 for Ereynetidae and P%=27.9 for Rhinonyssidae. The nasal mites assembly of C. ruficapillus was composed by: Boydaia agelaii (Ereynetidae), Sternostoma strandtmanni, Ptilonyssus sairae, Ptilonyssus icteridius and Ptilonyssus sp. (Rhinonyssidae). Co-infections were occurs in 22 birds, between two, three and four taxa. Relative to statistical analyzes (a) B. agelaii stood out for the P% (47.5); (b) Regarding sexual maturity, adult males were parasitized by five species while the juvenile males by four. Juvenile males presented values of P% higher than adult males, however, there was no differences in the infection between adult males and juvenile males; (c) The P% of nasal mites were higher in the PC-I (P%=72.6) (spring / summer in south hemisphere), however, there was no difference regarding IMI; (d) In relation to nasal mite co-infections, they were more frequent in the autumn/winter ( PC-II) in south hemisphere. As for helminth infections, 114 C. ruficapillus were parasitized by at least one táxon (P%=93.4). Trematoda represented (P%=75.4), Cestoda (P%=20.5), Nematoda (P%=57.4) and Acanthocephala (P%=2.4). The assembly was composed by 15 taxa: Tanaisia valida (Eucotylidae: Tanaisiinae), Prosthogonimus ovatus (Prosthogonimidae), Conspicuum conspicuum (Dicrocoellidae: Leipertrematinae), Stomylotrema gratiosus (Stomylotrematidae), Eumegacetes sp. (Eumegacetidae), Strigea sp. (Strigeidae), two species of Echinostoma (Echinostomatidae) (Trematoda: Digenea); Mathevotaenia sp. (Anoplocephalidae) and Anonchotaenia sp. (Paruterinidae) (Cestoda); Diplotriaena bargusinica (Diplotriaenidae), Oxyspirura sp. (Thelaziidae), one species of Aproctoidea, one of Capillariidae (Nematoda) and Mediorhynchus micranthus (Gigantorhynchidae) (Acanthochephala). Co-occurrences by helminths were reported in 79 hosts. Species with zoonotic potential were identified (Echinostoma spp.), however, with extremely low indexes. Relative to statistical analyzes, (1) None of the helminth taxa 9 presented a difference when compared to P% and IMI; (2) P. ovatus (Trematoda) was more prevalent parasitizing juvenile males (P%=21.4) and Mathevotaenia (Cestoda) (P%=30.4) infecting adult males. (3) Regarding the collection periods, P. ovatus standed out by the (P%=24.2) in PC-II (autumn / winter in south hemisphere). The results of the dispersion index and level of aggregation of the infrapopulations of T. valida, D. bargusinica and Mathevotaenia sp. presented aggregate and strongly aggregated distribution in C. ruficapillus. The dispersion analysis of the taxa showed that according to the growth of male hosts, there is a decline in parasite load of D. bargusinica and Mathevotaenia sp. while for T. valida the infections are maintained. Regarding body weight, the three taxa showed a tendency of decrease in the parasitic load towards the mass gain of the birds. In general, the infection by nasal mites in C. ruficapillus suggests that is influenced by the collection periods and behavior of the bird. While the acquisition of helminths by C. ruficapillus is mainly related to the diet, since the ingestion of Arthropoda, is essential in the initial phase of the life of the bird. C. ruficapillus represents a new host for the nasal mites: Boydaia agelaii, Sternostoma strandtmanni and Ptilonyssus sairae in Brazil, and for Ptilonyssus icteridius the southernmost record in the American continent. For the first time in Brazil, they were reported for Icteridae: S. gratiosus, Echinostoma, Eumegacetes, Mathevotaenia, Aproctoidea and Capillariidae. The 15 taxa of helminths identified in Chrysomus ruficapillus: Tanaisia valida, Prosthogonimus ovatus, Conspicuum conspicuum, Stomylotrema gratiosus, Eumegacetes sp., Strigea sp., two species of Echinostoma; Mathevotaenia sp. and Anonchotaenia sp.; Diplotriaena bargusinica, Oxyspirura sp., one species of Aproctoidea, one of Capillariidae and Mediorhynchus micranthus are unpublished records in South America. Generating therefore, knowledge about the bird's helminth fauna and contributing to the informations about the mite fauna existing.
Resumo
Background: The nasal mites of the Rhinonyssidae family include the highest diversity of mandatory hematophagous endoparasites of the respiratory system of birds. In general, these mites cause no significant lesions, except Sternostoma tracheacolum that invades the trachea, lungs and air sacs and may compromise breathing in birds. This study reports the death of a Belgian canary (Serinus canaria domestica) due to the parasitism by S. tracheacolum with an aggravating and concurrent pododermatitis infection.Case: A Belgian canary from a commercial bird flock, in which a high mortality rate had lately been recorded, was submitted to necropsy. Multiple blackened foci (1.0 mm in diameter) present in the trachea and the air sacs were subsequently identified as Sternostoma tracheacolum mites. Microscopically, there were diffuse and moderate infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and heterophils within the tracheal submucosa and areas of fibrosis and osseous metaplasia of the tracheal cartilage. In the air sacs, there were multiple yellowish-brown foci of caseous necrosis, which were surrounded by inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. In the lungs, there were foci of caseous necrosis surrounded by macrophages. In the tracheal lumen, mites sections were observed. Clusters of nucleated erythrocytes and brown granular pigment were seen withi
Background: The nasal mites of the Rhinonyssidae family include the highest diversity of mandatory hematophagous endoparasites of the respiratory system of birds. In general, these mites cause no significant lesions, except Sternostoma tracheacolum that invades the trachea, lungs and air sacs and may compromise breathing in birds. This study reports the death of a Belgian canary (Serinus canaria domestica) due to the parasitism by S. tracheacolum with an aggravating and concurrent pododermatitis infection.Case: A Belgian canary from a commercial bird flock, in which a high mortality rate had lately been recorded, was submitted to necropsy. Multiple blackened foci (1.0 mm in diameter) present in the trachea and the air sacs were subsequently identified as Sternostoma tracheacolum mites. Microscopically, there were diffuse and moderate infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and heterophils within the tracheal submucosa and areas of fibrosis and osseous metaplasia of the tracheal cartilage. In the air sacs, there were multiple yellowish-brown foci of caseous necrosis, which were surrounded by inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. In the lungs, there were foci of caseous necrosis surrounded by macrophages. In the tracheal lumen, mites sections were observed. Clusters of nucleated erythrocytes and brown granular pigment were seen withi