Effect of essential oils on the development of Colletotrichum sp. fungus in fragments of Feijoa sellowiana fruits

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citriodora and Rosmarinus officinalis on the mycelial development of the fungus Colletotrichum sp. in fragments of Feijoa sellowiana fruits. The essential oils were incorporated in the PDA (Potato-Dextrose-Agar) medium in the concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 ppm, 0 ppm (PDA only) (negative control), and fungicide fluazinam 1% (positive control). The area under the mycelial growth curve (AUMGC) and percent inhibition of mycelial growth (PIMG) were calculated. In the second evaluation, fruits fragments bordering the disease symptom were immersed in essential oils aqueous solution of S. aromaticum, C. citratus, and E. citriodora, at the concentration of 5000 ppm, 0 ppm (water only - negative control) and fluazinam 1% (positive control). The immersion times in the treatments were: 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours, with subsequent incubation in Agar-Agar medium at 25°C. This evaluation was performed daily for 15 days, observing the moment of fungal germination through the emission of the mycelium. It was verified from the obtained results that all treatments reduced the fungal growth, and the essential oils of C. citratus and S. aromaticum totally inhibited its growth from the dose 500 and 1000 ppm, respectively. Regarding the test on fruit fragments, the essential oil of S. aromaticum at the immersion times of 12 and 24 hours was effective in inhibiting the fungus until the 15th day of evaluation.(AU)

Effect of essential oils on the development of Colletotrichum sp. fungus in fragments of Feijoa sellowiana fruits

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citriodora and Rosmarinus officinalis on the mycelial development of the fungus Colletotrichum sp. in fragments of Feijoa sellowiana fruits. The essential oils were incorporated in the PDA (Potato-Dextrose-Agar) medium in the concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 ppm, 0 ppm (PDA only) (negative control), and fungicide fluazinam 1% (positive control). The area under the mycelial growth curve (AUMGC) and percent inhibition of mycelial growth (PIMG) were calculated. In the second evaluation, fruits fragments bordering the disease symptom were immersed in essential oils aqueous solution of S. aromaticum, C. citratus, and E. citriodora, at the concentration of 5000 ppm, 0 ppm (water only - negative control) and fluazinam 1% (positive control). The immersion times in the treatments were: 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours, with subsequent incubation in Agar-Agar medium at 25°C. This evaluation was performed daily for 15 days, observing the moment of fungal germination through the emission of the mycelium. It was verified from the obtained results that all treatments reduced the fungal growth, and the essential oils of C. citratus and S. aromaticum totally inhibited its growth from the dose 500 and 1000 ppm, respectively. Regarding the test on fruit fragments, the essential oil of S. aromaticum at the immersion times of 12 and 24 hours was effective in inhibiting the fungus until the 15th day of evaluation.

Trace Mineral Sources and Rosemary Oil in the Diet of Brown Laying Hens: Egg Quality and Lipid Stability

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of rosemary oil (RO) and trace mineral sources (MS) on the internal quality and lipid stability of brown layer eggs. The treatments consisted of diets supplemented with two trace mineral sources (inorganic or organic) and three levels (0, 100, or 200 mg kg-1) of rosemary oil (RO), and three egg storage times. Eggs were stored at a controlled temperature (CT; 25.0ºC) in Experiment I and under refrigeration (RT; 5.0ºC) in Experiment II. The following parameters were analyzed on days 0 (fresh), 15 and 30 of storage: malonaldehyde level (MDA), egg weight (EW), Haugh unit (HU), yolk index (YI), albumen and yolk pH, raw yolk color (RYC), and egg weight loss. Data were analyzed according to completely randomized design in a 2x3x3 factorial arrangement (MS x RO x storage time). In Experiment I, there was an interaction between treatments for EW, HU and ALBp. Dietary OTM inclusion improved the results for all analyzed variables. The addition of 200 mg kg-1 RO reduced MDA and increased HU, YI and RYC. In experiment II, 200 mg kg-1 of RO in the diet improved HU. The internal quality of eggs stored both at CT and under RT is adversely affected by increasing storage periods, but this effect can be minimized by the dietary supplementation of OTM and 200 mg kg-1 rosemary oil. The lipid stability of eggs stored at CT improves with the supplementation of OTM and 200 mg kg-1 rosemary oil, but not of eggs stored under refrigeration.(AU)

Trace Mineral Sources and Rosemary Oil in the Diet of Brown Laying Hens: Egg Quality and Lipid Stability

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of rosemary oil (RO) and trace mineral sources (MS) on the internal quality and lipid stability of brown layer eggs. The treatments consisted of diets supplemented with two trace mineral sources (inorganic or organic) and three levels (0, 100, or 200 mg kg-1) of rosemary oil (RO), and three egg storage times. Eggs were stored at a controlled temperature (CT; 25.0ºC) in Experiment I and under refrigeration (RT; 5.0ºC) in Experiment II. The following parameters were analyzed on days 0 (fresh), 15 and 30 of storage: malonaldehyde level (MDA), egg weight (EW), Haugh unit (HU), yolk index (YI), albumen and yolk pH, raw yolk color (RYC), and egg weight loss. Data were analyzed according to completely randomized design in a 2x3x3 factorial arrangement (MS x RO x storage time). In Experiment I, there was an interaction between treatments for EW, HU and ALBp. Dietary OTM inclusion improved the results for all analyzed variables. The addition of 200 mg kg-1 RO reduced MDA and increased HU, YI and RYC. In experiment II, 200 mg kg-1 of RO in the diet improved HU. The internal quality of eggs stored both at CT and under RT is adversely affected by increasing storage periods, but this effect can be minimized by the dietary supplementation of OTM and 200 mg kg-1 rosemary oil. The lipid stability of eggs stored at CT improves with the supplementation of OTM and 200 mg kg-1 rosemary oil, but not of eggs stored under refrigeration.

Atividade germicida de extratos vegetais de Origanum vulgare e Rosmarinus officinalis frente a fungos do complexo Sporothrix schenckii / Germicidal activity of plant extracts of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis against Sporothrix schenckii complex

Na literatura existem muitos relatos de microrganismos resistentes frente aos produtos comerciais utilizados na desinfecção de ambientes. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade da tintura, do extrato aquoso (infusão e decocção) e do extrato hidroalcoólico de Origanum vulgare e Rosmarinus officinalis, como meio alternativo a utilização de desinfetantes, através da técnica de exposição direta, frente a fungos do complexo Sporothrix schenckii. Para isso, foram realizados testes com isolados fúngicos de casos clínicos pertencentes a cães e gatos com esporotricose, onde a sensibilidade dos fungos do complexo Sporothrix schenckii frente aos extratos das plantas foi testada através da técnica de exposição direta, tendo sua ação avaliada nos tempos de 5, 10 e 15 minutos de exposição. Como controle positivo, utilizou-se uma solução de água estéril contendo o inóculo e como controle dos desinfetantes utilizados no mercado foram utilizados hipoclorito de sódio 4% e álcool 70°GL. Com o estudo, pode-se demonstrar a sensibilidade por parte dos isolados testados frente a tintura de Origanum vulgare e Rosmarinus officinalis e ao extrato hidroalcoólico de Origanum vulgare em todos os tempos de exposição a que foi submetido, na concentração de 10% do extrato.

The literature shows that is a resistance by the microorganisms against commercial products used for the disinfection of contaminated environments. Due to this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of the tincture, aqueous extract (decoction and infusion) and hydroalcoholic extract of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis, as an alternative to disinfectants, using the technique of direct exposure, against Sporothrix schenckii complex. For this, the direct exposure tests, with fungal isolates from clinical cases pertaining to dogs and cats with sporotrichosis, were used to evaluate the sensitivity of Sporothrix spp. against plants extracts, with the action evaluated in the times of 5, 10 and 15 minutes of exposure . As a positive control, it was used a sterile water solution containing innocuous and disinfectants used to control was sodium hypochlorite alcohol and 70°GL. As a result, it can be shown the sensitivity of the fungal isolates front to tincture of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis and hydroalcoholic extract of Origanum vulgare at all times of exposure, in 10% concentration of the extract.

Atividade germicida de extratos vegetais de Origanum vulgare e Rosmarinus officinalis frente a fungos do complexo Sporothrix schenckii / Germicidal activity of plant extracts of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis against Sporothrix schenckii complex

Na literatura existem muitos relatos de microrganismos resistentes frente aos produtos comerciais utilizados na desinfecção de ambientes. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade da tintura, do extrato aquoso (infusão e decocção) e do extrato hidroalcoólico de Origanum vulgare e Rosmarinus officinalis, como meio alternativo a utilização de desinfetantes, através da técnica de exposição direta, frente a fungos do complexo Sporothrix schenckii. Para isso, foram realizados testes com isolados fúngicos de casos clínicos pertencentes a cães e gatos com esporotricose, onde a sensibilidade dos fungos do complexo Sporothrix schenckii frente aos extratos das plantas foi testada através da técnica de exposição direta, tendo sua ação avaliada nos tempos de 5, 10 e 15 minutos de exposição. Como controle positivo, utilizou-se uma solução de água estéril contendo o inóculo e como controle dos desinfetantes utilizados no mercado foram utilizados hipoclorito de sódio 4% e álcool 70°GL. Com o estudo, pode-se demonstrar a sensibilidade por parte dos isolados testados frente a tintura de Origanum vulgare e Rosmarinus officinalis e ao extrato hidroalcoólico de Origanum vulgare em todos os tempos de exposição a que foi submetido, na concentração de 10% do extrato.(AU)

The literature shows that is a resistance by the microorganisms against commercial products used for the disinfection of contaminated environments. Due to this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of the tincture, aqueous extract (decoction and infusion) and hydroalcoholic extract of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis, as an alternative to disinfectants, using the technique of direct exposure, against Sporothrix schenckii complex. For this, the direct exposure tests, with fungal isolates from clinical cases pertaining to dogs and cats with sporotrichosis, were used to evaluate the sensitivity of Sporothrix spp. against plants extracts, with the action evaluated in the times of 5, 10 and 15 minutes of exposure . As a positive control, it was used a sterile water solution containing innocuous and disinfectants used to control was sodium hypochlorite alcohol and 70°GL. As a result, it can be shown the sensitivity of the fungal isolates front to tincture of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis and hydroalcoholic extract of Origanum vulgare at all times of exposure, in 10% concentration of the extract.(AU)

In vitro toxicity and control of Meloidogyne incognita in soybean by rosemary extract / Toxicidade in vitro e controle de Meloidogyne incognita em soja por extrato aquoso de alecrim

The control of nematodes in plants can be challenging, and there is a need for alternative, environmentally conscious methods for their management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis) on the in vitro toxicity and control of Meloidogyne incognita in CD 206 and CD 215 soybean cultivars. Using an in vitro assay, 500 M. incognita eggs per plate were observed for 15 days after incubation with rosemary extract at concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10%. Soybean plants were studied under greenhouse conditions, and starting at V3 stage, were sprayed weekly with the same concentration of rosemary extract for 64 days. Three days after the first treatment, each soybean plant was inoculated with 1800 eggs and 400 second-stage juveniles (J2). At the end of this essay, number of eggs and J2 in the roots and soil, number of galls, and the reproduction factor (RF) were evaluated. Our results showed that in the in vitro assay, rosemary extract reduced the number of M. incognita eggs that hatched. Under greenhouse conditions, the CD 206 cultivar showed a 48% reduction in the number of galls, as well as fewer eggs in the soil and a lower RF. Similarly, in the CD 215 cultivar, the number of eggs was reduced and the RF was lower. These results indicate the potential for rosemary extract to control M. incognita in soybean crops.(AU)

Devido à dificuldade de manejo de nematoides e a necessidade de desenvolver métodos alternativos de controle, objetivou-se avaliar a toxicidade in vitro do extrato aquoso de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis), assim como sua capacidade de controle de Meloidogyne incognita nos genótipos de soja CD206 e CD215. Em ensaio in vitro, para avaliar a capacidade inibitória de eclosão de juvenis, depositou-se 500 ovos/placa quantificando o número de juvenis eclodidos após 15 dias de incubação com 1%, 5% e 10% do extrato aquoso de alecrim. O ensaio in vivo foi conduzido em casa de vegetação climatizada, usando-se as mesmas concentrações do extrato de alecrim, pulverizado semanalmente sobre as plantas pelo período de 64 dias, iniciando no estádio fenológico V3. Três dias após a primeira pulverização inoculou-se 1800 ovos e 400 juvenis de segundo estágio (J2). O número de ovos e J2 no solo e raiz, o número de galhas e o fator de reprodução foram determinados. Os resultados indicaram que in vitro, o extrato de alecrim reduziu a eclosão de juvenis. Em soja, verificou-se redução de 48% no número de galhas, além da redução no número de ovos no solo e no fator de reprodução para a cultivar CD 206. Para CD 215 houve redução no número de ovos e no fator de reprodução. Assim, o extrato aquoso de alecrim apresenta potencial para manejo de M. incognita em soja.(AU)

Uso de óleos essenciais no controle dos sinais clínicos das diarreias neonatais em leitões nascidos de fêmeas com diferentes ordens de parto / Use of essential oils in the control of clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea in piglets born to sows with different parturition orders

This study evaluated the liquid emulsion of oregano and rosemary essential oils in the control of neonatal diarrhea in piglets. We monitored 1334 piglets with average weight of 1.5 kg regarding the clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea. The design was completely randomized with three treatments (T): (T1) control (saline), (T2) essential oils and (T3) enrofloxacin. T1 showed characteristic clinical signs of diarrhea differing (P 0.01) from other treatments. The cure rate of diarrhea was not different (P>0.01) between piglets receiving essential oils or antibiotic, regardless of the order of parturition of the sows. On the other hand, piglets with clinical signs of diarrhea born to sows with order of parturition less than three had a higher cure rate (74.6%) compared with diarrheal piglets born to sows with order of parturition between three and five (68.2%) and more than five (56.4%). The counting of heterotrophic bacteria colony, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, and histological analyzes of the ileal epithelium showed no differences (P>0.01) among treatments. The emulsion with essential oils of oregano and rosemary (2mL kg-1), for piglets between zero and eight days of age, might replace the enrofloxacin in controlling clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea.

Este estudo avaliou a emulsão líquida de óleos essenciais de orégano (Origanum vulgare) e alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis labiatae) no controle dos sinais clínicos da diarreia neonatal em leitões. Foram monitorados 1.334 leitões lactentes, com peso vivo médio inicial de 1,5kg, quanto aos sinais clínicos de diarreia neonatal. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado e com três tratamentos (T): (T1) controle (solução fisiológica), (T2) mescla dos óleos essenciais e (T3) enrofloxacina. Os animais que receberam o T1 apresentaram sinais clínicos característicos de diarreia diferindo (P 0,01) dos demais tratamentos. O percentual de cura da diarreia dos leitões não diferiu (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos, independente da ordem de partos (OP) das mães. Já leitões com sinais clínicos de diarreia, nascidos de fêmeas com OP inferior a três apresentaram maior percentual de cura (74,6%), se comparados aos leitões diarreicos de fêmeas com OP entre três e cinco (68,2%) e superior a cinco (56,4%). As análises microbiológicas das fezes e histológicas do epitélio ileal não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos. A emulsão com óleos essenciais de orégano e alecrim (2mL kg-1), para leitões entre zero e o oito dias de vida, pode vir a substituir a enrofloxacina no controle dos sinais clínicos das diarreias neonatais.

Uso de óleos essenciais no controle dos sinais clínicos das diarreias neonatais em leitões nascidos de fêmeas com diferentes ordens de parto / Use of essential oils in the control of clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea in piglets born to sows with different parturition orders

This study evaluated the liquid emulsion of oregano and rosemary essential oils in the control of neonatal diarrhea in piglets. We monitored 1334 piglets with average weight of 1.5 kg regarding the clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea. The design was completely randomized with three treatments (T): (T1) control (saline), (T2) essential oils and (T3) enrofloxacin. T1 showed characteristic clinical signs of diarrhea differing (P 0.01) from other treatments. The cure rate of diarrhea was not different (P>0.01) between piglets receiving essential oils or antibiotic, regardless of the order of parturition of the sows. On the other hand, piglets with clinical signs of diarrhea born to sows with order of parturition less than three had a higher cure rate (74.6%) compared with diarrheal piglets born to sows with order of parturition between three and five (68.2%) and more than five (56.4%). The counting of heterotrophic bacteria colony, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, and histological analyzes of the ileal epithelium showed no differences (P>0.01) among treatments. The emulsion with essential oils of oregano and rosemary (2mL kg-1), for piglets between zero and eight days of age, might replace the enrofloxacin in controlling clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou a emulsão líquida de óleos essenciais de orégano (Origanum vulgare) e alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis labiatae) no controle dos sinais clínicos da diarreia neonatal em leitões. Foram monitorados 1.334 leitões lactentes, com peso vivo médio inicial de 1,5kg, quanto aos sinais clínicos de diarreia neonatal. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado e com três tratamentos (T): (T1) controle (solução fisiológica), (T2) mescla dos óleos essenciais e (T3) enrofloxacina. Os animais que receberam o T1 apresentaram sinais clínicos característicos de diarreia diferindo (P 0,01) dos demais tratamentos. O percentual de cura da diarreia dos leitões não diferiu (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos, independente da ordem de partos (OP) das mães. Já leitões com sinais clínicos de diarreia, nascidos de fêmeas com OP inferior a três apresentaram maior percentual de cura (74,6%), se comparados aos leitões diarreicos de fêmeas com OP entre três e cinco (68,2%) e superior a cinco (56,4%). As análises microbiológicas das fezes e histológicas do epitélio ileal não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos. A emulsão com óleos essenciais de orégano e alecrim (2mL kg-1), para leitões entre zero e o oito dias de vida, pode vir a substituir a enrofloxacina no controle dos sinais clínicos das diarreias neonatais.(AU)

USO DE ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS NO CONTROLE DOS SINAIS CLÍNICOS DAS DIARREIAS NEONATAIS EM LEITÕES NASCIDOS DE FÊMEAS COM DIFERENTES ORDENS DE PARTO

This study evaluated the liquid emulsion of oregano and rosemary essential oils in the control of neonatal diarrhea in piglets. We monitored 1334 piglets with average weight of 1.5 kg regarding the clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea. The design was completely randomized with three treatments (T): (T1) control (saline), (T2) essential oils and (T3) enrofloxacin. T1 showed characteristic clinical signs of diarrh between piglets receiving essential oils or antibiotic, regardless of the order of parturition of the sows. On the other hand, piglets with clinical signs of diarrhea born to sows with order of parturition less than three had a higher cure rate (74.6%) compared with diarrheal piglets born to sows with order of parturition between three and five 68.2%) and more than five (56.4%). The counting of heterotrophic bacteria colony, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, and histological analyzes of the ileal epithelium showed no differences (P>0.01) among treatments. The emulsion with essential oils of oregano and rosemary (2mL kg-1), for piglets between zero and eight days of age, might replace the enrofloxacin in controlling clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea.

Este estudo avaliou a emulsão líquida de óleos essenciais de orégano (Origanum vulgare) e alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis labiatae) no controle dos sinais clínicos da diarreia neonatal em leitões. Foram monitorados 1.334 leitões lactentes, com peso vivo médio inicial de 1,5kg, quanto aos sinais clínicos de diarreia neonatal. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado e com três tratamentos (T): (T1) controle (solução fisiológica), (T2) mescla dos óleos essenciais e (T3) enrofloxacina. Os animais que receberam o T1 apresentaram sinais clínicos característicos de diarreia diferindo (P 0,01) dos demais tratamentos. O percentual de cura da diarreia dos leitões não diferiu (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos, independente da ordem de partos (OP) das mães. Já leitões com sinais clínicos de diarreia, nascidos de fêmeas com OP inferior a três apresentaram maior percentual de cura (74,6%), se comparados aos leitões diarreicos de fêmeas com OP entre três e cinco (68,2%) e superior a cinco (56,4%). As análises microbiológicas das fezes e histológicas do epitélio ileal não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos. A emulsão com óleos essenciais de orégano e alecrim (2mL kg-1), para leitões entre zero e o oito dias de vida, pode vir a substituir a enrofloxacina no controle dos sinais clínicos das diarreias neonatais.

Does rosmarinic acid underestimate as an experimental cardiovascular drug? / Seria o ácido rosmarínico subestimado como droga cardiovascular experimental?

PURPOSE: The rationale of the present review is to analize the activity of Rosmarinus officinalis in the the cardiovascular system METHODS: A MEDLINE database search (from January 1970 to December 2011) using only rosmarinic acid as searched term. RESULTS: The references search revealed 509 references about rosmarinic acid in 40 years (the first reference is from 1970). There is a powerful prevalence of antioxidant and cancer studies. Other diseases are few cited, as inflammation, brain (Alzheimer and Parkinson disease) and, memory; allergy; diabetes; atherosclerosis, and; hypertension. It is necessary to consider the complete absence of studies on coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, heart failure or ischemia/reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION: Rosmarinic acid is underestimated as an experimental cardiovascular drug and deserves more attention.(AU)

OBJETIVO: A justificativa da revisão é analisar a atividade de Rosmarinus officinalis no sistema cardiovascular MÉTODOS: Uma busca de banco de dados MEDLINE (de janeiro de 1970 a dezembro de 2011), utilizando apenas o ácido rosmarínico como termo pesquisado. RESULTADOS: A busca referências revelou 509 referências sobre o ácido rosmarínico em 40 anos (a primeira referência é de 1970). Há uma prevalência poderoso antioxidante e estudos do câncer. Outras doenças são citados alguns, como o cérebro, inflamação (de Alzheimer e doença de Parkinson) e, a memória, hipertensão, alergia, diabetes, aterosclerose, e. É necessário ter em conta a ausência completa de estudos sobre a doença de artéria coronária, isquemia do miocárdio, insuficiência cardíaca ou isquemia / lesão de reperfusão. CONCLUSÃO: O ácido rosmarínico é subestimado como uma droga experimental cardiovascular e merece mais atenção.(AU)

Índices produtivos de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com dietas de gestação e lactação suplementadas com óleos essenciais de orégano e alecrim: avaliação de leitegadas

The study evaluated the production index of sows fed diets containing a blend of essential oils. A total of 250 sows of parturition orders (PO) between one to eight, with two experimental diets during gestation and in the lactation (control diet with 200ppm and essential oils). The experimental design was a randomized blocks in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (treatments during pregnancy and lactation) with the sows and piglets as experimental unit. The average live weight of piglets at weaning and number of weaned were 8.0% and 3.8% higher (P 0.05), respectively for piglets from mothers supplemented with essential oils. The body temperature of females of the control and PO five, evaluated in the pre-parturition and in the parturition, was 4.4% and 3.5% higher (P 0.05) to essential oils, respectively. The addition of essential oils in the diet of sows in late pregnancy and early lactation increased the number of piglets weaned and litter weight. Females supplemented with essential oils, did not show temperature and clinical signs consistent with disgalactia.

Este estudo avaliou os índices produtivos de matrizes suínas alimentadas com dietas contendo uma mescla líquida de óleos essenciais. Foram utilizadas 250 matrizes de ordens de parto (OP) entre um a oito, com duas dietas experimentais na gestação e duas na lactação (dietas controle e com 200ppm de óleos essenciais). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em um arranjo fatorial 2x2 (tratamentos na gestação e na lactação) com as matrizes e leitegadas como unidade experimental. O peso vivo médio da leitegada ao desmame e o número de desmamados foram 8,0% e 3,8% superiores (P 0,05), respectivamente, para os leitões filhos de matrizes suplementadas com óleos essenciais. A temperatura corporal das fêmeas do controle e OP cinco, avaliadas no período pré-parto e durante o parto, foi 4,4% e 3,5% superiores (P 0,05) aos óleos essenciais, respectivamente. A adição de óleos essenciais na dieta de matrizes no final de gestação e no início da lactação aumentou o número de leitões desmamados e o peso de leitegada. As fêmeas suplementadas com óleos essenciais não apresentaram temperatura e sinais clínicos condizentes com disgalactia.

Índices produtivos de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com dietas de gestação e lactação suplementadas com óleos essenciais de orégano e alecrim: avaliação de leitegadas

The study evaluated the production index of sows fed diets containing a blend of essential oils. A total of 250 sows of parturition orders (PO) between one to eight, with two experimental diets during gestation and in the lactation (control diet with 200ppm and essential oils). The experimental design was a randomized blocks in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (treatments during pregnancy and lactation) with the sows and piglets as experimental unit. The average live weight of piglets at weaning and number of weaned were 8.0% and 3.8% higher (P 0.05), respectively for piglets from mothers supplemented with essential oils. The body temperature of females of the control and PO five, evaluated in the pre-parturition and in the parturition, was 4.4% and 3.5% higher (P 0.05) to essential oils, respectively. The addition of essential oils in the diet of sows in late pregnancy and early lactation increased the number of piglets weaned and litter weight. Females supplemented with essential oils, did not show temperature and clinical signs consistent with disgalactia.

Este estudo avaliou os índices produtivos de matrizes suínas alimentadas com dietas contendo uma mescla líquida de óleos essenciais. Foram utilizadas 250 matrizes de ordens de parto (OP) entre um a oito, com duas dietas experimentais na gestação e duas na lactação (dietas controle e com 200ppm de óleos essenciais). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em um arranjo fatorial 2x2 (tratamentos na gestação e na lactação) com as matrizes e leitegadas como unidade experimental. O peso vivo médio da leitegada ao desmame e o número de desmamados foram 8,0% e 3,8% superiores (P 0,05), respectivamente, para os leitões filhos de matrizes suplementadas com óleos essenciais. A temperatura corporal das fêmeas do controle e OP cinco, avaliadas no período pré-parto e durante o parto, foi 4,4% e 3,5% superiores (P 0,05) aos óleos essenciais, respectivamente. A adição de óleos essenciais na dieta de matrizes no final de gestação e no início da lactação aumentou o número de leitões desmamados e o peso de leitegada. As fêmeas suplementadas com óleos essenciais não apresentaram temperatura e sinais clínicos condizentes com disgalactia.

Evaluation of the antibacterial potential of Petroselinum crispum and Rosmarinus officinalis against bacteria that cause urinary tract infections

In this study we evaluated the antibacterial activity of the crude hydroalcoholic extracts, fractions, and compounds of two plant species, namely Rosmarinus officinalis and Petroselinum crispum, against the bacteria that cause urinary tract infection. The microdilution method was used for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The crude hydroalcoholic extract of R. officinalis displayed in vitro activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with satisfactory MBC for the clinical isolate S. saprophyticus. The fractions and the pure compound rosmarinic acid did not furnish promising results for Gram-negative bacteria, whereas fractions 2, 3, and 4 gave encouraging results for Gram-positive bacteria and acted as bactericide against S. epidermidis as well as E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and its clinical isolate. R. officinalis led to promising results in the case of Gram-positive bacteria, resulting in a considerable interest in the development of reliable alternatives for the treatment of urinary infections.(AU)

Essential oils of thyme and Rosemary in the control of Listeria monocytogenes in raw beef

This study was developed in order to evaluate two alternatives for the control of Listeria monocytogenes in raw bovine meat pieces, both based on the use of Thymus vulgaris and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils (EOs). The antilisterial activity of different concentrations of the EOs was tested in vitro using agar dilution and disk volatilization techniques. In addition, L. monocytogenes was inoculated in meat pieces, which were submerged in edible gelatin coatings containing 2% (v/v) EOs or submitted to the vapor of EOs (0.74 L.cm-3). L. monocytogenes was quantified after one, 48 and 96 hours of storage (7 °C). In the in vitro tests, the EO of T. vulgaris presented higher activity. The two options used (edible gelatin coating and vapor activity), in spite of exercising effects with differentiated behaviors, presented antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes inoculated in raw bovine meat (p 0.05). Greatest antibacterial activity were obtained in the experiment that used edible coatings containing EOs, at 48 hours of storage reductions in bacterial counts between 1.09 and 1.25 Log CFU.g-1 were obtained. In the vapor effect experiment, the EO of T. vulgaris caused the highest reduction in the population of bacteria inoculated in raw bovine meat (p 0.05), 0.40 Log CFU.g-1 at 96 hours of storage. This study supplied important information regarding new and promising natural alternatives, based on the concept of active packaging, for the control of L. monocytogenes in the meat industry.

Controle integrado de nematódeos de ruminantes com a utilização de bactérias e fitoterápicos

Este estudo objetivou avaliar alternativas de controle integrado dos nematódeos 11 gastrintestinais de ruminantes. Na primeira etapa foram realizados testes in vitro 12 frente a Bacillus circulans (Bcir), B. thuringiensis var. osvaldocruzi (Bto), B. 13 thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) e B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk). Todos as 14 espécies de Bacillus demonstraram efeito larvicida ( 60%). Bcir e Bti foram 15 incubados com anti-helmínticos (moxidectin, nitroxynil e levamisole) e mantiveram a 16 sua viabilidade. O melhor resultado nos dois testes anteriores foi obtido com Bti, o 17 qual foi avaliado in vivo em bovinos jovens naturalmente infectados com 18 nematódeos gastrintestinais. Grupo I tratado com Levamisol (anti-helmíntico), grupo 19 II com Bti, grupo III com Bti associado ao Levamisol e o grupo IV Controle (não 20 tratado). A eficácia foi estabelecida comparando o número de larvas recuperadas 21 antes (hora zero) e após (24, 48 e 72 horas) os tratamentos. O potencial nematicida 22 de Bti in vivo de 84% foi observado às 24h. Idealizando a associação de mais de 23 uma alternativa de controle parasitário foi realizado testes in vitro de inibição da 24 eclodibilidade e de migração larval de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos frente 25 ao óleo essencial de Rosmarinus officinalis, o qual foi submetido e testado em seis 26 concentrações (25%; 12,5%; 6,25%; 3,12%; 1,56% e 0,78%). Na análise 27 cromatográfica deste óleo foram identificados 18 constituintes, sendo os majoritários 28 o Eucalyptol (1.8-cineole) com 42,11%, o (+)-2-Bornanone com 16,37% e o alpha.-29 Pinene com 14,76%. Nos testes in vitro o óleo de R. officinalis inibiu 100% da 30 eclodibilidade nas quatro maiores concentrações e alcançou 70% e 74% de inibição 31 da migração das larvas nas duas maiores concentrações, respectivamente. A 32 concentração letal de 50% (CL50) do óleo sobre os ovos foi de 0,5181 mg/mL, 33 enquanto a CL50 da inibição das larvas foi de 62,17 mg/mL. Com este estudo foi 34 determinado o ação nematicida de quatro espécies de Bacillus in vitro e o mesmo 35 efeito in vivo do Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelenses, bem como a ação ovicida e 36 larvicida do óleo essencial de Rosmarinus officinalis, o que permite concluir que 37 estas duas alternativas avaliadas tem potencial para a utilização no controle de 38 nematódeos gastrintestinais de ruminantes.

This study aimed to evaluate alternatives of integrated control to the gastrointestinal 11 nematodes of ruminants. In the first stage, in vitro tests were performed against 12 Bacillus circulans (Bcir), B. thuringiensis var. osvaldocruzi (Bto), B. thuringiensis var. 13 israelensis (Bti) e B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk). All species of Bacillus showed 14 larvicidal effect ( 60%). Bcir and Bti were incubated with anthelmintics (moxidectin, 15 nitroxynil and levamisole) and maintained their viability. The best result in the two 16 previous tests was obtained with Bti, which was evaluated in vivo in young cattle 17 naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Group I treated with Levamisole 18 (antihelmintic), group II with Bti, group III with Bti associated with Levamisole and 19 group IV Control (untreated). Efficacy was established by comparing the number of 20 larvae recovered before treatment (hour zero) and after (24, 48 and 72 hours). The 21 nematicidal potential of Bti in vivo of 84% was observed at 24h. Idealizing the 22 association of more than one parasitic control alternative, in vitro tests of inhibition of 23 hatchability and larval migration of gastrointestinal nematodes of ovine species 24 against Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil were carried out and tested in six 25 concentrations (25%; 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, 1.56% and 0.78%). In the 26 chromatographic analysis of this oil, 18 constituents were identified, the majority 27 being Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) with 42.11%, (+) - 2-Bornanone with 16.37% and 28 alpha.-Pinene with 14.76%. In vitro tests, R. officinalis oil inhibited 100% hatchability 29 at the four highest concentrations and reached 70% and 74% inhibition of larval 30 migration at the two highest concentrations, respectively. The lethal concentration of 31 50% (LC50) of the oil on the eggs was 0.5181 mg / mL, while the LC50 of larval 32 inhibition was 62.17 mg / mL. This study determined the nematicidal action of four 33 species of Bacillus in vitro and the same in vivo effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. 34 israelensis., as well as the ovicidal and larvicidal action of the essential oil of 35 Rosmarinus officinalis, which allows to conclude that these two alternatives have 36 potential for the use in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants.

AVALIAÇÃO DA TOXICIDADE REPRODUTIVA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Rosmarinus officinalis L. EM RATOS WISTAR

O alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) é uma planta comum de jardim, estudada por suas diversas atividades biológicas. O óleo essencial de alecrim (OEA) é composto por substâncias químicas que interagem entre si e com o organismo de forma complexa, portanto, para que possa ser utilizado pela indústria farmacêutica é necessário avaliar minuciosamente a sua segurança. Os testes de toxicidade reprodutiva são recomendados pela ANVISA, OECD e FDA como parâmetros a serem avaliados em relação aos efeitos de desenvolvimento reprodutivo. Tendo em vista a importância de estabelecer segurança ao usar esta planta, este estudo investigou a toxicidade reprodutiva do óleo essencial de Rosmarinus officinalis e seu composto majoritário (1,8 cineol) em ratos Wistar, avaliando machos e fêmeas adultos, efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento fetal e parâmetros comportamentais da prole. Os animais foram divididos em cinco grupos experimentais: CN (controle negativo Tween 80), C3 (OEA 300 mg.kg-1), C6 (OEA 600 mg.kg-1), C12 (OEA 1200 mg.kg-1) e CE (1,8 cineol 134,55 mg.kg-1). Os machos foram tratados antes (70 dias) e durante o acasalamento (21 dias) e as fêmeas antes (14 dias) e durante o acasalamento (21 dias), gestação (21 dias) e lactação (21 dias). Para o estudo dos efeitos teratogênicos sobre as ninhadas, somente fêmeas foram tratadas do 6° ao 15° dia de gestação. Para identificar alterações no sistema reprodutivo dos machos e da fêmeas foram avaliados: consumo relativo de água e ração, peso relativo de órgãos, histopatologia, taxas reprodutivas e sinais de toxicidade; além disso, para os machos ainda foram estudados número e morfologia dos espermatozoides. Na prole, foram avaliados: comportamento e sinais de toxicidade materna, parâmetros reprodutivos e comportamentos em campo aberto e sexual. E para o potencial teratogênico, os fetos passaram pelo processo de diafanização, coloração e em seguida avaliados individualmente para a presença de alterações esqueléticas. O composto majoritário identificado e quantificado no óleo foi 1,8-cineol (44,85 %). Na avaliação dos efeitos reprodutivos de machos e fêmeas adultos, as fêmeas do grupo CE apresentaram redução no número de fetos por ninhada (8,3) e aumento da massa corporal (7,1g) dos mesmos, sugerindo embrioletalidade. Os animais não apresentaram sinais de toxicidade sistêmica. Para a prole avaliada, houve aumento da testosterona sérica (7,98 ng/mL) e do número de espermatozoides (624,37 x 106) para o grupo CE. No PPD 2 os animais dos grupos C6 (27,8s) e C12 (28,73s) levaram mais tempo para concluir o reflexo de endireitamento em superfície, o que também ocorreu para os animais do grupo C6 (12,27s) no PPD4. Os animais do grupo C6 (19,45s) e C12 (20,70s) também tiveram aumento do tempo no reflexo de geotaxia no PPD2. O grupo C3 demonstrou maior comportamento exploratório no teste de campo aberto, com aumento da frequência de entrada no centro (14,73) e diminuição de grooming (0,54) quando comparados ao grupo controle. Não foram observados sinais de toxicidade materna. Na avaliação dos fetos expostos durante o período de organogênese, houve uma tendência para o aumento das perdas pós-implantação, quanto maior a dose testada, para os grupos que receberam OEA. Os tratamentos interferiram no desenvolvimento fetal demonstrado pelo retardo no desenvolvimento esquelético em todos os grupos, sugerindo que a exposição à estas doses do óleo essencial e 1,8 cineol devem ser evitadas em gestantes. Os grupos C6, C12 e CE apresentaram maior proporção de fetos com anormalidades no esqueleto (78,31%, 100% e 95,06%, respectivamente).

The Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an ordinary plant from the yard studied for its several biological activities. The Rosemary essential oil (REO) is composed by chemical substances which interact with each other and with the organism of complex form, therefore, its necessary to evaluate its safety deeply for making its usage possible for the industry. The reproductive toxicity tests are recommended by ANVISA, OECD and FDA as parameters to be evaluated regarding the effects of reproductive development. Aiming at the importance of establishing confidence on this plant usage, the present study investigated the reproductive toxicity of the Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil and its majority component (1,8 cineol) in Wistar rats considering male and female adults, effects on the fetal development and behavior parameters of the offspring. The animals were divided into five experimental groups: NC (negative control - Tween 80), C3 (REO 300 mg.kg-1), C6 (REO 600 mg.kg-1), C12 (REO 1200 mg.kg-1) e CE (1,8 cineol 134,55 mg.kg-1). The male samples were fed before (70 days) and during the mating (21 days) and the female ones were fed before (14 days) and during the mating (21 days), pregnancy (21 days) and lactation (21 days). For studying teratogenic effects on the offspring, just female samples were fed from the sixth to the fifteenth day of pregnancy. In order to identify modifications on the reproductive system of male and female samples it was analyzed: relative water and feed consumption, relative weight of organs, histopathology, reproductive taxes and toxicity signs; besides, for the male ones, number and morphology of sperm were also studied. About the offspring, maternal behavior and signs of toxicity, reproductive parameters and open and sexual field were studied. For the teratogenic potential, the offspring were submitted to a diaphanous process, coloring and next were evaluated separately for checking the existence of skeletal changes. The majority component identified and qualified into the oil was 1,8-cineol (44,85 %). In evaluating the reproductive effects of adults males and females, the females of the CE group presented a reduction in the number of fetuses per litter (8,3) and increased body mass (7,1g), suggesting embryoletality. The animals showed no signs of systemic toxicity. For the evaluated offspring, there was an increase in serum testosterone (7,98 ng / mL) and the number of spermatozoa (624.37 x 106) for the CE group. In PPD 2 the animals of groups C6 (27,8s) and C12 (28,73s) took longer to complete the surface righting reflex, which also occurred for the animals of the C6 group (12,27s) in PPD4. The animals of group C6 (19,45s) and C12 (20,70s) also had increased time in the geotaxia reflex in PPD2. The C3 group showed higher exploratory behavior in the open field test, with an increase in the entrance frequency in the center (14,73) and a decrease in grooming (0,54), when compared to the control group. No signs of maternal toxicity were observed. In the evaluation of the fetuses exposed during the period of organogenesis, there was a tendency for the increase in the post-implantation losses, the larger the dose tested, for the groups that received REO. Treatments interfered in fetal development demonstrated by delayed skeletal development in all groups, suggesting that exposure to these doses of essential oil and 1,8-cineol should be avoided in pregnant women. Groups C6, C12 and CE presented a higher proportion of fetuses with skeletal abnormalities (78,31%, 100% and 95,06%, respectively).

Avaliação de óleos essenciais de orégano e alecrim na prevenção da diarreia neonatal em leitões / Evaluation of oregano and rosemary essential oils for the prevention of neonatal diarrhea in piglets

Com objetivo de verificar o efeito preventivo da emulsão líquida de uma mescla de óleos essenciais de orégano (Origanum vulgare) e alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis) no controle da diarreia neonatal em leitões lactantes foi realizado um experimento composto por dois tratamentos simples em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Leitões de mesma leitegada, nascidos de fêmeas com ordens de partos variadas, foram divididos em 2 grupos de leitões sem manifestação clínica de diarreia neonatal. O primeiro grupo com 661 leitões recebeu o tratamento controle (1 mL kg-1 solução fisiológica) e o segundo grupo com 672 animais recebeu óleos essenciais de orégano (60% de carvacrol e 15% timol) e 2% de óleo essencial de alecrim, sob a forma de emulsão líquida a 5% na dose de 1 mL kg-1.. Todos os tratamentos foram administrados via oral no primeiro e terceiro dias de vida do suíno, sendo que, para o parâmetro índice de prevenção e causas de mortalidade dos leitões, cada animal representou uma repetição. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos quanto ao índice de prevenção da diarreia neonatal em leitões. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a mescla de óleos essenciais à base de orégano e alecrim não previne as diarreias neonatais dos leitões.

In order to verify the preventive effect of the liquid emulsion of a mix of essential oils of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in the control of neonatal diarrhea in nursing piglets, an experiment was conducted using a randomized experimental design composed by two simple treatments. Piglets from the same litter, born to females with different orders of births, were divided into two groups of piglets without clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea. The first group of 661 pigs received the control treatment (1 mL kg-1 saline) while the second group with 672 animals received essential oils of oregano (60% carvacrol and 15% thymol) and 2% essential oil of rosemary in the form of a 5% liquid emulsion at a dose of 1 mL kg-1. All the treatments were administered orally on the first and third day of the piglets' life, and in regard to the index parameter for the prevention and causes of mortality of piglets, each animal represented a repetition. There was no significant difference between the treatments related to the rate of prevention of neonatal diarrhea in piglets. The results showed that the mix of essential oils from oregano and rosemary do not prevent diarrhea in neonatal piglets.

AVALIAÇÃO DE ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS DE ORÉGANO E ALECRIM NA PREVENÇÃO DA DIARREIA NEONATAL EM LEITÕES

ABSTRACT In order to verify the preventive effect of the liquid emulsion of a mix of essential oils of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in the control of neonatal diarrhea in nursing piglets, an experiment was conducted using a randomized experimental design composed by two simple treatments. Piglets from the same litter, born to females with different orders of births, were divided into two groups of piglets without clinical signs of neonatal diarrhea. The first group of 661 pigs received the control treatment (1 mL kg-1 saline) while the second group with 672 animals received essential oils of oregano (60% carvacrol and 15% thymol) and 2% essential oil of rosemary in the form of a 5% liquid emulsion at a dose of 1 mL kg-1. All the treatments were administered orally on the first and third day of the piglets life, and in regard to the index parameter for the prevention and causes of mortality of piglets, each animal represented a repetition. There was no significant difference between the treatments related to the rate of prevention of neonatal diarrhea in piglets. The results showed that the mix of essential oils from oregano and rosemary do not prevent diarrhea in neonatal piglets.

RESUMO Com objetivo de verificar o efeito preventivo da emulsão líquida de uma mescla de óleos essenciais de orégano (Origanum vulgare) e alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis) no controle da diarreia neonatal em leitões lactantes foi realizado um experimento composto por dois tratamentos simples em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Leitões de mesma leitegada, nascidos de fêmeas com ordens de partos variadas, foram divididos em 2 grupos de leitões sem manifestação clínica de diarreia neonatal. O primeiro grupo com 661 leitões recebeu o tratamento controle (1 mL kg-1 solução fisiológica) e o segundo grupo com 672 animais recebeu óleos essenciais de orégano (60% de carvacrol e 15% timol) e 2% de óleo essencial de alecrim, sob a forma de emulsão líquida a 5% na dose de 1 mL kg-1.. Todos os tratamentos foram administrados via oral no primeiro e terceiro dias de vida do suíno, sendo que, para o parâmetro índice de prevenção e causas de mortalidade dos leitões, cada animal representou uma repetição. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos quanto ao índice de prevenção da diarreia neonatal em leitões. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a mescla de óleos essenciais à base de orégano e alecrim não previne as diarreias neonatais dos leitões.

Desenvolvimento Embrionário em Ratas (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Tratadas com Óleo Essencial de Rosmarinus Officinalis Linn / Embryonic development in rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) treated with essential oil of Rosmarinus Officinalis Linn

O óleo essencial de Rosmarinus officinalis é utilizado em perfumes e cosméticos, na indústria alimentícia e em medicamentos, apresentando também atividade antimicrobiana. Há informações de que o óleo essencial poderia estar envolvido com alterações de membrana celular e que outros extratos de R. officinalis poderiam interferir com síntese/secreção de hormônios esteroidianos, concentração de glicose e proliferação de células endoteliais, processos que poderiam alterar o desenvolvimento embrio-fetal, o que levou a se planejar o presente trabalho com o objetivo de verificar o desenvolvimento fetal em ratas tratadas com R. officinalis. Ratas Wistar do Biotério do Centro de Biologia da Reprodução foram inseminadas por machos de fertilidade comprovada e distribuídas aleatoriamente em grupos controle e tratados 1, 2 e 3 (T1, T2 e T3) que receberam, respectivamente: 242 mg/ kg; 484 mg/ kg e 968 mg/ kg de óleo essencial de R. officinalis. Os animais foram tratados do 80 ao 150 dia pós-coito e submetidos a eutanásia por excesso de anestesia no 210 dia. Variáveis observadas: indícios clínicos, hematológicos e bioquímicos de toxicidade materna e parâmetros reprodutivos, peso corporal e de órgãos maternos e fetais. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas variáveis maternas analisadas, havendo apenas aumento da concentração de uréia que não foi esclarecido. O peso corporal e o de cérebro dos fetos foram menores em T3 com relação ao grupo controle. Conclui-se que o óleo essencial de Rosmarinus officinalis, no desenho experimental usado, causou diminuição do peso corporal e do cérebro fetais, possivelmente devido a alterações metabólicas maternas.(AU)

Essential oils from Rosmarinus officinalis are used for flavor and fragrance in the perfume, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries and presents antimicrobial activities. It is related that essential oil could be involved with alterations in cell membrane. Other extracts of R. officinalis could interfere with synthesis/secretion of steroid hormones, with glucose levels and with endothelial cell proliferation. Those processes might alter the embryofetal development that led us to plan the present work with the aim of observe fetal development in rats treated with essential oil of R. officinalis. Wistar rats from the vivarium of Center of Reproductive Biology were inseminated by male of proven fertility. The inseminated female were randomly divided into control and treated 1, 2 and 3 (T1, T2 and T3) groups, which received respectively 242mg/kg; 484mg/ kg and 968mg/ kg of essential oil of R. officinalis. Animals were treated from the eighth to the 15th post coitus day, and euthanasia was accomplished on the 21st day through excessive anesthesia. Variables analyzed: clinical, hematological and biochemical signs of maternal toxicity, and reproductive data, body weight, weight of maternal and fetal organs. The higher concentration of urea had no conclusion at the present experiment. Except for the brain and lungs weight, which were lighter on T3 comparing to the control group, there were no significant differences on the fetuses variables analyzed. It can be concluded that the essential oil of R. officinalis caused fetal body and brain weight decrease probably cause by maternal metabolic unbalance.(AU)