Yield and quality of primocane-fruiting raspberry grown under plastic cover in southern Brazil

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an economically important crop and its cultivation has been expanded across temperate and subtropical regions of Brazil. Growing raspberries under plastic cover has becoming more common worldwide. This study investigated the effect of plastic cover on productive and morphological performance of primocane-fruiting raspberry cultivars, in southern Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design, with three raspberry cultivars, ‘Heritage’; ‘Fallgold’ and ‘Alemãzinha’; two cultivation systems, presence and absence of plastic cover; and two production cycles, fall and spring. We measured days from transplanting to flowering and harvesting. Plants were evaluated for dry mass of pruning, plant height, stem diameter, plant leaf area, fruit production, number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit longitudinal and transversal diameter, and harvesting period. Plastic cover reduced incident radiation on the canopy by 17 %. Cultivar ‘Heritage’ is early ripening in the fall cycle. The management under plastic cover prolonged the harvesting period of raspberries in the fall productive cycle for the cultivar ‘Heritage’ and, in spring, for cultivars ‘Alemãzinha’ and ‘Fallgold’. In the spring cycle, plants increased their leaf area, fruit production and number of fruits. The cultivar ‘Alemãzinha’ performed better in the spring cycle when managed under plastic cover and was more productive, with a longer productive cycle and larger fruits.

Yield and quality of primocane-fruiting raspberry grown under plastic cover in southern Brazil

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an economically important crop and its cultivation has been expanded across temperate and subtropical regions of Brazil. Growing raspberries under plastic cover has becoming more common worldwide. This study investigated the effect of plastic cover on productive and morphological performance of primocane-fruiting raspberry cultivars, in southern Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design, with three raspberry cultivars, ‘Heritage; ‘Fallgold and ‘Alemãzinha; two cultivation systems, presence and absence of plastic cover; and two production cycles, fall and spring. We measured days from transplanting to flowering and harvesting. Plants were evaluated for dry mass of pruning, plant height, stem diameter, plant leaf area, fruit production, number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit longitudinal and transversal diameter, and harvesting period. Plastic cover reduced incident radiation on the canopy by 17 %. Cultivar ‘Heritage is early ripening in the fall cycle. The management under plastic cover prolonged the harvesting period of raspberries in the fall productive cycle for the cultivar ‘Heritage and, in spring, for cultivars ‘Alemãzinha and ‘Fallgold. In the spring cycle, plants increased their leaf area, fruit production and number of fruits. The cultivar ‘Alemãzinha performed better in the spring cycle when managed under plastic cover and was more productive, with a longer productive cycle and larger fruits.(AU)

Activated charcoal in the in vitro establishment of raspberry cultivars / Carvão ativado no estabelecimento in vitro de cultivares de framboeseira

Propagation of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is usually performed from root cuttings. Although fruits have viable seeds, sexual reproduction is unwanted due to the high genetic variability and long juvenile period besides dormancy, which causes plant development to be slow and consequently produces the same result in the production of new seedlings. So, in vitro micropropagation is a viable technique for seedling production, thus maintaining genetic features of the mother plant, uniformity, precocity of production, as well as accelerating the conventional propagation methods, are an alternative to planters. The aim was the evaluation of the effect of different concentration ratios of activated charcoal supplied in the growth medium on the different raspberry cultivars. Activated charcoal was used (0; 2; and 4 g L-1), and the raspberry cultivars were (Indian Summer, Heritage, Willamette, Golden Bliss, Polana, Fallgold, Schõnemann, and Bababerry). The best oxidation control was presented on cultivars Golden Bliss, Polana, Fallgold, Schõnemann, and Bababerry, grown on cultivation medium added of 4 g L-1 activated charcoal, due to the absorption of phenolic compounds released into the culture medium.

A propagação da framboeseira (Rubus idaeus L.) é comumente realizada a partir da estacas de raízes. Embora, os frutos possuam sementes viáveis, a reprodução sexuada não é desejada, em razão, de algumas desvantagens, tais como: dormência, elevada variabilidade genética período de juvenilidade. Dessa forma, a micropropagação in vitro é uma técnica viável para o processo de formação de mudas, pois, preserva características genéticas desejáveis das plantas-matrizes, servindo como uma alternativa para os produtores. Objetivou-se então avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de carvão ativado, suplementado ao meio de cultura para as diferentes cultivares de framboeseira. Utilizaram-se o carvão ativado (0; 2 e 4 g L-1), e as cultivares de framboeseira (Indian Summer, Heritage, Willamette, Golden Bliss, Polana, Fallgold, Schõnemann e Bababerry). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado arranjado em esquema bifatorial, com quatro repetições. Cada repetição composta por 25 tubos e um explante por tubo. Melhor controle de oxidação foi observado para as cultivares Golden Bliss, Polana, Fallgold, Schõnemann e Bababerry, cultivados em meio de cultura acrescido de 4 g L-1 de carvão ativado, devido a absorção de compostos fenólicos liberados no meio de cultura.

Activated charcoal in the in vitro establishment of raspberry cultivars / Carvão ativado no estabelecimento in vitro de cultivares de framboeseira

Propagation of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is usually performed from root cuttings. Although fruits have viable seeds, sexual reproduction is unwanted due to the high genetic variability and long juvenile period besides dormancy, which causes plant development to be slow and consequently produces the same result in the production of new seedlings. So, in vitro micropropagation is a viable technique for seedling production, thus maintaining genetic features of the mother plant, uniformity, precocity of production, as well as accelerating the conventional propagation methods, are an alternative to planters. The aim was the evaluation of the effect of different concentration ratios of activated charcoal supplied in the growth medium on the different raspberry cultivars. Activated charcoal was used (0; 2; and 4 g L-1), and the raspberry cultivars were (Indian Summer, Heritage, Willamette, Golden Bliss, Polana, Fallgold, Schõnemann, and Bababerry). The best oxidation control was presented on cultivars Golden Bliss, Polana, Fallgold, Schõnemann, and Bababerry, grown on cultivation medium added of 4 g L-1 activated charcoal, due to the absorption of phenolic compounds released into the culture medium.(AU)

A propagação da framboeseira (Rubus idaeus L.) é comumente realizada a partir da estacas de raízes. Embora, os frutos possuam sementes viáveis, a reprodução sexuada não é desejada, em razão, de algumas desvantagens, tais como: dormência, elevada variabilidade genética período de juvenilidade. Dessa forma, a micropropagação in vitro é uma técnica viável para o processo de formação de mudas, pois, preserva características genéticas desejáveis das plantas-matrizes, servindo como uma alternativa para os produtores. Objetivou-se então avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de carvão ativado, suplementado ao meio de cultura para as diferentes cultivares de framboeseira. Utilizaram-se o carvão ativado (0; 2 e 4 g L-1), e as cultivares de framboeseira (Indian Summer, Heritage, Willamette, Golden Bliss, Polana, Fallgold, Schõnemann e Bababerry). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado arranjado em esquema bifatorial, com quatro repetições. Cada repetição composta por 25 tubos e um explante por tubo. Melhor controle de oxidação foi observado para as cultivares Golden Bliss, Polana, Fallgold, Schõnemann e Bababerry, cultivados em meio de cultura acrescido de 4 g L-1 de carvão ativado, devido a absorção de compostos fenólicos liberados no meio de cultura.(AU)

Produtividade e qualidade da framboeseira Batum cultivada sob cobertura plástica e dois espaçamentos em região subtropical / Production and quality of raspberries Batum cultivated under cover plastic and two spacing in subtropical area

Framboesa é uma pequena fruta de grande importância econômica, que contém numerosos compostos fenólicos, com potenciais benéficos à saúde, porém, quando cultivada em regiões subtropicais possui baixa produtividade. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a produtividade de framboeseiras 'Batum', produzidas com ou sem cobertura plástica sobre o dossel das plantas, em duas densidades de plantio, sendo 0,25m e 0,5m entre plantas e 3,0m entre linhas e avaliadas por dois ciclos de produção (2012/13 e 2013/14), em região subtropical. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x2x2, com 6 blocos e 10 plantas por parcela. Foram avaliadas as características produtivas como número de frutos por planta, produção por planta e produtividade estimada. Além disso, foram demarcados os índices fenológicos, análises vegetativas e fisiológicas. O menor espaçamento de plantio entre as plantas (0,25m) e o plantio sem cobertura plástica sobre o dossel das plantas resultaram em maior produtividade das framboseiras 'Batum'.(AU)

Raspberry is an economically important berry crop, its fruit contains numerous phenolic compounds with potential health benefits, however ver, in subtropical areas has been low production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity of raspberry 'Batum' produced with or without plastic cover over the plant canopy and two planting densities, being 0.25m and 0.5m between plants and 3.0m between rows and cycles (2012/13 and 2013/14), in subtropical area. The experimental design was randomized blocks, factorial 2x2x2 with 6 blocks and 10 plants per plot. It was evaluated the productive plant characteristics such as number of fruits per plant, production per plant and productivity estimated. Moreover,phenological data, vegetative and physiologic analysis. The planting densities at 0.25m between plants and without plastic cover over the plant canopy result in increased productivity of raspberry 'Batum'.(AU)

Armazenamento a frio e aplicação de reguladores vegetais no enraizamento de estacas radiculares e caulinares de framboeseira / Cold storage and treatment with plant growth regulators in rooting of root and stems cutting of raspberry

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o potencial rizogênico de estacas caulinares e radiculares da framboeseira (Rubus idaeusL.). Estacas da cultivar 'Batum' foram armazenadas a frio (4ºC) por 10, 20 e 30 dias, além do controle sem armazenamento. Posteriormente, as estacas caulinares foram tratadas com ácido indolilbutírico (AIB) a 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000mg L-1 e as estacas radiculares com benzilaminopurina (BAP) a 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 e 1500mg L-1 por 10s. As estacas caulinares foram enterradas em 2/3 de seu comprimento, na posição vertical e as radiculares foram totalmente enterradas na posição horizontal, a três centímetros de profundidade. Utilizou-se vermiculita de grânulos médios como substrato, e estes experimentos foram conduzidos sob telado com sombreamento de 50%. As avaliações foram feitas após 75 dias do plantio das estacas. Concluiu-se que o uso de estacas caulinares não é viável e que as estacas radiculares não necessitam ser estimuladas pelo armazenamento a frio ou do tratamento com BAP.(AU)

The objective of this research was to verify the potential rhizogenic stem cuttings and root of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Cuttings of ‘Batum cultivar was stored cold (4°C) for 10, 20 and 30 days, and a control without storage. Subsequently, the cuttings were treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA) at 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000mg L-1 and root cuttings with benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500mg L-1 by 10 seconds. The cuttings were buried in 2/3 of its length in the vertical position, and root was completely buried in the horizontal position at three inches deep. It was used vermiculite medium as substrate, and these experiments were conducted in a greenhouse with 50% shading. Evaluations were made 75 days after planting the cuttings. It was concluded that the use of cuttings is not feasible and that the root cuttings need not be stimulated by cold storage or treatment with BAP.(AU)

Brazilian ground pearl damaging blackberry, raspberry and blueberry in Brazil

The Brazilian ground pearl, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille, 1922) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), is a subterranean, polyphagous scale insect native of Southern Brazil that feeds on a variety of different vineyard plant species (Vitis spp.). In this study, it is reported three new plant hosts of the species. In 2007 and 2010, infested plants were documented in the towns of Farroupilha (29°14'34"S, 51°23'20"W) and Vacaria (28°26'30"S, 50°52'59"W) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Specimens of the ground pearl were found in the roots of three cultivated berry plants: blackberry (Rubus spp.), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and blueberry (Vaccinium sp.). Observed symptoms included: chlorotic leaves, gradual wasting, reduced production, and mortality. Given the increasing popularity of berry orchards in the region, this study serves as an alert for farmers to avoid establishing them in areas infested with the ground pearl and to check for the insects in the root cuttings used to establish berry crops.

A pérola-da-terra Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille, 1922) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) é uma cochonilha subterrânea, polífaga, nativa do sul do Brasil, que se alimenta de diversas espécies vegetais causando prejuízos, principalmente à cultura da videira (Vitis spp.). Nesta comunicação, três espécies vegetais são relatadas como novos hospedeiros da praga. Em 2007 e 2010, plantas infestadas foram registradas nos municípios de Farroupilha (29°14'34"S e 51°23'20"W) e Vacaria (28°26'30"S e 50°52'59"W), RS. Exemplares da cochonilha foram encontrados em raízes de amoreira-preta (Rubus spp.), framboeseira (Rubus idaeus L.) e mirtileiro (Vaccinium sp.). Os sintomas observados foram folhas cloróticas, definhamento progressivo, diminuição na produção e morte das plantas. Devido à ampliação do cultivo de pequenas frutas na região, essa informação serve de alerta aos produtores para que evitem o plantio em áreas infestadas com a cochonilha e observem a presença do inseto no material vegetativo utilizado para estabelecer o cultivo de pequenas frutas.

Brazilian ground pearl damaging blackberry, raspberry and blueberry in Brazil

The Brazilian ground pearl, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille, 1922) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), is a subterranean, polyphagous scale insect native of Southern Brazil that feeds on a variety of different vineyard plant species (Vitis spp.). In this study, it is reported three new plant hosts of the species. In 2007 and 2010, infested plants were documented in the towns of Farroupilha (29°14'34"S, 51°23'20"W) and Vacaria (28°26'30"S, 50°52'59"W) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Specimens of the ground pearl were found in the roots of three cultivated berry plants: blackberry (Rubus spp.), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and blueberry (Vaccinium sp.). Observed symptoms included: chlorotic leaves, gradual wasting, reduced production, and mortality. Given the increasing popularity of berry orchards in the region, this study serves as an alert for farmers to avoid establishing them in areas infested with the ground pearl and to check for the insects in the root cuttings used to establish berry crops.

A pérola-da-terra Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille, 1922) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) é uma cochonilha subterrânea, polífaga, nativa do sul do Brasil, que se alimenta de diversas espécies vegetais causando prejuízos, principalmente à cultura da videira (Vitis spp.). Nesta comunicação, três espécies vegetais são relatadas como novos hospedeiros da praga. Em 2007 e 2010, plantas infestadas foram registradas nos municípios de Farroupilha (29°14'34"S e 51°23'20"W) e Vacaria (28°26'30"S e 50°52'59"W), RS. Exemplares da cochonilha foram encontrados em raízes de amoreira-preta (Rubus spp.), framboeseira (Rubus idaeus L.) e mirtileiro (Vaccinium sp.). Os sintomas observados foram folhas cloróticas, definhamento progressivo, diminuição na produção e morte das plantas. Devido à ampliação do cultivo de pequenas frutas na região, essa informação serve de alerta aos produtores para que evitem o plantio em áreas infestadas com a cochonilha e observem a presença do inseto no material vegetativo utilizado para estabelecer o cultivo de pequenas frutas.