The effects of topical application of sunflower-seed oil on open wound healing in lambs

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the effects of the use of sunflower seed oil on the treatment of skin wounds. METHODS: Eighteen male Saint Inês lambs were divided in 3 groups according to the pos-operative (7, 14 and 21 days). After antisepsis and local anestesia, two 4cm² wounds on each side of the thoracic region, close to the scapule were surgically produced. The experimental wounds were treated with sunflower seed oil, with high concentration of linoleic acid (LA), and the control ones with sterilized Vaseline. Biopsies of the pos-operative wounds tissue were performed on the 7th, 14th, 21st days and histologically evaluated. RESULTS: Topic application of sunflower seed oil accelerated healing process at the 7th and 21st days, reducing wound area and increasing wound contraction. Granulation tissue increased faster on treated wounds. The epidermis of the treated wounds was completely recovered when compared to control wounds. CONCLUSION: The topic use of sunflower seed oil accelerated the healing process, and it can be used as an alternative therapy on second intention wound healing.

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar os efeitos do uso de óleo de semente de girassol no tratamento de feridas cutâneas. MÉTODOS: Dezoito carneiros da raça Santa Inês foram divididos em 3 grupos de acordo com o pós-cirúrgico (7, 14, e 21 dias). Após antisepsia e anestesia local foram produzidas cirurgicamente duas feridas de 4 cm² em cada lado da região torácica próxima escápula. As feridas experimentais foram tratadas com óleo de semente de girassol, com alta concentração de ácido linoléico (LA) e as controles com vaselina esterilizada. Biopsias dos tecidos das feridas pós-cirúrgicas foram realizadas no 7º, 14º e 21º dias e avaliadas histologicamente. RESULTADOS: A aplicação tópica do óleo de semente de girassol acelerou o processo de cicatrização no 7ºe 21º dias, reduzindo a área e aumentando a contração das feridas. O tecido de granulação se desenvolveu mais rapidamente em feridas tratadas. A epiderme das feridas tratadas estava completamente reconstituída em relação às feridas controle. CONCLUSÃO: O uso tópico do óleo de semente de girassol acelerou a cicatrização, podendo ser utilizado como alternativa terapêutica na cicatrização de feridas por segunda intenção.

Utilization of sunflower seed in laying hen rations

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of sunflower seed inclusion (0, 1.4, 2.8, 4.2 and 5.6%) in a laying hen diet containing corn, soybean meal, wheat meal and soybean oil as main ingredients on performance and egg quality. The evaluated variables were daily feed intake, average egg weight, feed conversion (kg.kg-1 and kg.dz-1), eggshell percentage, yolk color and Haugh unit. One hundred and sixty 25 week-old Lohmann laying hens were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications of eight birds per experimental unit. Four periods of 28 days were evaluated during 112 days. The inclusion of sunflower seed in the diet had no effect on production parameters during the experimental period. Thus, can be concluded that sunflower seed might be used at concentrations up to 5.6% in laying hen diets without affecting performance and egg quality.

Utilization of sunflower seed in laying hen rations

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of sunflower seed inclusion (0, 1.4, 2.8, 4.2 and 5.6%) in a laying hen diet containing corn, soybean meal, wheat meal and soybean oil as main ingredients on performance and egg quality. The evaluated variables were daily feed intake, average egg weight, feed conversion (kg.kg-1 and kg.dz-1), eggshell percentage, yolk color and Haugh unit. One hundred and sixty 25 week-old Lohmann laying hens were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications of eight birds per experimental unit. Four periods of 28 days were evaluated during 112 days. The inclusion of sunflower seed in the diet had no effect on production parameters during the experimental period. Thus, can be concluded that sunflower seed might be used at concentrations up to 5.6% in laying hen diets without affecting performance and egg quality.

Sunflower seed to swine on growing and finishing phase: digestibility, performance and carcass quality / Grão de girassol na alimentação de suínos em crescimento e terminação: digestibilidade, desempenho e efeitos na qualidade de carcaça

Two experiments (a digestibility and a performance tests) were carried out to evaluate sunflower seed (SS) as swine feeding on growing and finishing phases. To performance evaluation 48 pigs, with 19.78 kg liveweight were allotted to four treatments (diet without SS, 5%, 10% and diet with 20% of SS) and they were evaluated during four periods (growing I and II, finishing and total period). All animals were slaughtered and submitted to an electronic carcass evaluation at the end of the experiment. The digestible and metabolizable energy values of SS were 3234 and 3223 kcal/kg, respectively. There were regression effect (P 0,05) on performance of the following characteristics for the levels of SS: daily feed intake (DFI): DFI(growing I) = 2066.500 - 20.990X; DFI (growing II) = 3098.470 - 36.015X; DFI (finishing) = 4114.030 + 63.420X - 6.447X2; DFI (total) = 2859.450 + 9.848X - 2.267 X2, daily weight gain (DWG): DWG (growing I) = 831.567 - 6.484X, DWG (finishing) = 964.135 + 3.350X - 1.059 X2, DWG (total) = 885.029 + 3.794X - 0.587 X2; feed gain ratio (FGR): FGR (growing II) = 3.356 - 0.025X; FGR (total) = 3.265 - 0.014X; muscle depth on carcass (MD): MD = 46.215 + 2.218X - 0.099 X2 and carcass weight (CW): CW = 75.303 - 0.464X. From the total period of the experiment, the best results to FGR were observed for rations with 20% of SS, and the best results for DWG were observed

O uso do grão de girassol (GG) para suínos em crescimento e terminação foi avaliado através de um ensaio de digestibilidade e um experimento de desempenho. Na avaliação zootécnica 48 suínos, com peso médio inicial de 19,78 kg foram tratados com 4 dietas (com 0%, 5%, 10% e 20% de GG) durante 4 períodos (crescimento I e II, terminação e total). Ao abate as carcaças foram eletronicamente tipificadas. A energia digestível e metabolizável do GG foi de 3234 e 3223 kcal/kg, respectivamente. Houve efeito da regressão (p 0,05) dos níveis do GG no consumo diário de ração (CDR): CDR (crescimento I) = 2066,500 - 20,990X; CDR (crescimento II) = 3098,470 - 36,015X; CDR (terminação) = 4114,030 + 63,420X 6,447X2; CRD (total) = 2859,450 + 9,848X - 2,267X2; GDP (crescimento I) = 831,567 - 6,484X; no ganho diário de peso (GDP): GDP (terminação) = 964,135 + 3,350X - 1,059X2; GDP (total) = 885,029 + 3,794X - 0,587 X2; na conversão alimentar (CA): CA (crescimento II) = 3,356 - 0,025X; CA (total) = 3,265 - 0,014X, na profundidade do músculo na carcaça (PM): PM = 46,215 + 2,218X - 0,099 X2 e no peso da carcaça (PC): PC = 75,303 - 0,464X. Considerando o período total do experimento, a inclusão de 20% de GG favoreceu a CA, embora, para o GDP, os melhores valores foram obtidos para 0 e 5% de inclusão. A inclusão de 20% de GG piorou linearmente o peso da carcaça.   

Ruminal degradability In Situ of nutritive components of some / Degradabilidade ruminal In Situ dos componentes nutritivos de alguns suplementos concentrados usados na alimentação de bovinos

Degradability in situ of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of whole cotton seed (WCS), soybean meal (SM), sunflower seed (SS), turnip cake (TC) and ground corn (GC) were determined with incubation of nylon bags in the rumen of five steers ½ Simmental-Zebu. The effective degradability (ED) of dry matter and crude protein with 5%/h of passage rate were respectively 40,93 and 48,95% for cotton seed; 67,35 and 53,20% for soybean meal; 63,38 and 72,50% for sunflower seed; 66,59 and 57,82% for turnip cake and 3,65 e 54,18% for ground corn. Through the fermentation rates of the different nutritious components determined on this experiment it was concluded that turnip cake has a potential to substitute soybean meal as a protein source in ruminant feeding; sunflower seed presents a high soluble fraction of crude protein and the cotton seed ether extract may affect negatively the degradation of dry matter and organic matter of this feed, specially when provided ground to the animals.

As degradabilidades in situ da matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do caroço de algodão integral (CAI), farelo de soja (FS), grão de girassol (GG), torta de nabo forrageiro (TN) e do milho triturado (MT) foram determinadas com a incubação de sacos de náilon no rúmen de cinco bovinos ½ sangue Simental-Zebu. As degradabilidades efetivas (DE) da matéria seca (MS) e da proteína bruta (PB) a taxa de passagem de 5%/h, foram, respectivamente, 40,93 e 48,95% para o caroço de algodão integral; 67,35 e 53,20% para o farelo de soja; 63,38 e 72,50% para o grão de girassol; 66,59 e 57,82 para torta de nabo forrageiro e 63,65 e 54,18% para o milho triturado. Por meio das taxas de fermentação dos diferentes componentes nutritivos determinadas neste experimento, pode-se concluir que a torta de nabo forrageiro tem potencial para substituir o farelo de soja como fonte protéica na alimentação de ruminantes; o grão de girassol apresenta elevada fração solúvel da proteína bruta e o teor de extrato etéreo presente no caroço de algodão pode afetar negativamente a degradação da matéria seca e da matéria orgânica deste alimento, principalmente quando este é fornecido triturado aos animais.

Ruminal degradability In Situ of nutritive components of some / Degradabilidade ruminal In Situ dos componentes nutritivos de alguns suplementos concentrados usados na alimentação de bovinos

Degradability in situ of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of whole cotton seed (WCS), soybean meal (SM), sunflower seed (SS), turnip cake (TC) and ground corn (GC) were determined with incubation of nylon bags in the rumen of five steers ½ Simmental-Zebu. The effective degradability (ED) of dry matter and crude protein with 5%/h of passage rate were respectively 40,93 and 48,95% for cotton seed; 67,35 and 53,20% for soybean meal; 63,38 and 72,50% for sunflower seed; 66,59 and 57,82% for turnip cake and 3,65 e 54,18% for ground corn. Through the fermentation rates of the different nutritious components determined on this experiment it was concluded that turnip cake has a potential to substitute soybean meal as a protein source in ruminant feeding; sunflower seed presents a high soluble fraction of crude protein and the cotton seed ether extract may affect negatively the degradation of dry matter and organic matter of this feed, specially when provided ground to the animals.

As degradabilidades in situ da matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do caroço de algodão integral (CAI), farelo de soja (FS), grão de girassol (GG), torta de nabo forrageiro (TN) e do milho triturado (MT) foram determinadas com a incubação de sacos de náilon no rúmen de cinco bovinos ½ sangue Simental-Zebu. As degradabilidades efetivas (DE) da matéria seca (MS) e da proteína bruta (PB) a taxa de passagem de 5%/h, foram, respectivamente, 40,93 e 48,95% para o caroço de algodão integral; 67,35 e 53,20% para o farelo de soja; 63,38 e 72,50% para o grão de girassol; 66,59 e 57,82 para torta de nabo forrageiro e 63,65 e 54,18% para o milho triturado. Por meio das taxas de fermentação dos diferentes componentes nutritivos determinadas neste experimento, pode-se concluir que a torta de nabo forrageiro tem potencial para substituir o farelo de soja como fonte protéica na alimentação de ruminantes; o grão de girassol apresenta elevada fração solúvel da proteína bruta e o teor de extrato etéreo presente no caroço de algodão pode afetar negativamente a degradação da matéria seca e da matéria orgânica deste alimento, principalmente quando este é fornecido triturado aos animais.