Effects of three acepromazine doses on the incidence of morphine-induced vomiting, sedation and some physiological variables in dogs

Background: Acepromazine was found to reduce the incidence of vomiting induced by opioids such as morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone in dogs. Despite the effectiveness of the phenothiazine in preventing opioid-induced vomiting in this species, a single dose of acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) was tested and the influence of dose on the antiemetic effect of the drug is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three acepromazine doses on the incidence of vomiting induced by morphine in dogs. A secondary aim was to assess the degree of sedation and effects on physiological variables following administration of the combinations tested.Materials, Methods & Results: All dogs received 0.5 mg/kg morphine (IM). Fifteen min before morphine, dogs in the Control, ACPLD, ACPMD and ACPHD groups were administered (IM) physiological saline or acepromazine at doses of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In Phase 1, purpose-bred dogs (n = 8) underwent each of the four treatments in a randomized, crossover design; the incidence of vomiting, sedation, pulse rate (PR), systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures (SAP, MAP and DAP) were investigated for 60 min. Sedation was assessed by a numeric descriptive scale (NDS, range 0-3) and a simple numerical scale (SNS, range 1-10). In Phase 2, client-owned dogs (n = 50) received a single treatment and only the incidence of vomiting was assessed. There was no significant difference between groups on the incidence of vomiting recorded in Phase 1, Phase 2 and the average of Phases 1 and 2. A significant decrease in PR was observed in most groups but no significant difference was detected between groups. Blood pressure decreased in all groups; during most of the evaluation period, SAP, MAP and DAP were significantly higher in the Control than in other treatments. Dogs in this study presented mild to intense sedation.[...]

Effects of Three Acepromazine Doses on the Incidence of Morphine-Induced Vomiting, Sedation and Some Physiological Variables in Dogs

Background: Acepromazine was found to reduce the incidence of vomiting induced by opioids such as morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone in dogs. Despite the effectiveness of the phenothiazine in preventing opioid-induced vomiting in this species, a single dose of acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) was tested and the influence of dose on the antiemetic effect of the drug is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three acepromazine doses on the incidence of vomiting induced by morphine in dogs. A secondary aim was to assess the degree of sedation and effects on physiological variables following administration of the combinations tested.Materials, Methods & Results: All dogs received 0.5 mg/kg morphine (IM). Fifteen min before morphine, dogs in the Control, ACPLD, ACPMD and ACPHD groups were administered (IM) physiological saline or acepromazine at doses of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In Phase 1, purpose-bred dogs (n = 8) underwent each of the four treatments in a randomized, crossover design; the incidence of vomiting, sedation, pulse rate (PR), systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures (SAP, MAP and DAP) were investigated for 60 min. Sedation was assessed by a numeric descriptive scale (NDS, range 0-3) and a simple numerical scale (SNS, range 1-10). In Phase 2, client-owned dogs (n = 50) received a single treatment and only the in

Effects of three acepromazine doses on the incidence of morphine-induced vomiting, sedation and some physiological variables in dogs

Background: Acepromazine was found to reduce the incidence of vomiting induced by opioids such as morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone in dogs. Despite the effectiveness of the phenothiazine in preventing opioid-induced vomiting in this species, a single dose of acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) was tested and the influence of dose on the antiemetic effect of the drug is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three acepromazine doses on the incidence of vomiting induced by morphine in dogs. A secondary aim was to assess the degree of sedation and effects on physiological variables following administration of the combinations tested.Materials, Methods & Results: All dogs received 0.5 mg/kg morphine (IM). Fifteen min before morphine, dogs in the Control, ACPLD, ACPMD and ACPHD groups were administered (IM) physiological saline or acepromazine at doses of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In Phase 1, purpose-bred dogs (n = 8) underwent each of the four treatments in a randomized, crossover design; the incidence of vomiting, sedation, pulse rate (PR), systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures (SAP, MAP and DAP) were investigated for 60 min. Sedation was assessed by a numeric descriptive scale (NDS, range 0-3) and a simple numerical scale (SNS, range 1-10). In Phase 2, client-owned dogs (n = 50) received a single treatment and only the incidence of vomiting was assessed. There was no significant difference between groups on the incidence of vomiting recorded in Phase 1, Phase 2 and the average of Phases 1 and 2. A significant decrease in PR was observed in most groups but no significant difference was detected between groups. Blood pressure decreased in all groups; during most of the evaluation period, SAP, MAP and DAP were significantly higher in the Control than in other treatments. Dogs in this study presented mild to intense sedation.[...](AU)

Subdose de acepromazina no acuponto yin tang para tranquilização de cães / Acepromazine subdose in yin tang acupoint for dog tranquilization / Subdosis de acepromacina en el punto yin tang para tranquilizar perros

Foi realizado um estudo para investigar a tranquilização de cães com subdose de acepromazina no acuponto yin tang, localizado no ponto médio de uma linha traçada entre os cantos laterais dos olhos. O estudo foi delineado em quatro protocolos, utilizando-se oito cães. No primeiro protocolo (P1) foi administrada acepromazina no yin tang em subdose (0,01mg/ kg). No segundo protocolo (P2) foi administrada a mesma dose utilizada em P1 por via intramuscular (IM). No terceiro protocolo (P3) foi administrada dose terapêutica (0,1mg/kg) IM. No quarto protocolo (P4) foi colocada uma agulha de acupuntura no yin tang. Durante as etapas foram aferidos: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR) e temperatura retal (TR). Tais aferições foram realizadas antes dos tratamentos, quinze minutos após a administração do fármaco e de quinze em quinze minutos até duas horas. Nos mesmos momentos foi pesquisada a presença ou ausência de decúbito, sonolência, ptose palpebral e outros sinais de tranquilização. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. No tratamento experimental (P1) dois cães apresentaram tranquilização satisfatória e um moderada, sem diferença significativa com o grupo no qual se administrou acepromazina em dose terapêutica IM. Concluiu-se que a administração de acepromazina em subdose no acuponto Yin Tang pode ser usada com segurança na rotina clínica nas mais diversas manipulações nas quais haja necessidade de tranquilização de cães.(AU)

A study was conducted to investigate the tranquilization of dogs using a subdose of acepromazine in the yin tang acupoint located in the medium point of a line drawn between the lateral corners of the eyes. The study was designed in four protocols using eight dogs. In the first protocol (P1), acepromazine was administered in yin tang in subdose (0.01mg/kg). In the second protocol (P2), the same dose as in P1 was administered by intramuscular route (IM). In the third protocol (P3), a therapeutic dose (0.1 mg/kg) was administered IM. In the fourth protocol (P4), an acupuncture needle was placed in the yin tang point. During the steps, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured. These evaluations were performed before treatment, fifteen minutes after drug administration, and every fifteen minutes for two hours. At the same moments, the presence or absence of decubitus, drowsiness, ptosis and other signs of tranquilization were observed. Data were statistically analyzed. In the experimental treatment (P1), one dog showed moderate tranquilization, and two dogs showed satisfactory tranquilization, without statistical difference from the group in which acepromazine was administered IM in the therapeutic dose. It can be concluded that the administration of acepromazine in subdose in the yin tang acupoint can be safely used in clinical practice, in various manipulations in which the need of tranquilization of dogs is necessary.(AU)

Se ha realizado un estudio para investigar como tranquilizar perros con acepromacina en subdosis en el punto de acupuntura yin tang, que se encuentra en el punto medio de una línea trazada entre las bordas laterales de los ojos. El estudio ha sido diseñado en cuatro protocolos utilizando ocho perros. En el primer protocolo (P1) se administró acepromacina en el punto yin tang en subdosis (0,01 mg / kg). En el segundo protocolo (P2), se administró la misma dosis usada en P1 por vía intramuscular (IM). En el tercer protocolo (P3), se administró dosis terapéutica (0,1 mg / kg) IM. En el cuarto protocolo (P4), se ha puesto una aguja de acupuntura en el punto yin tang. Durante las etapas se midieron: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), frecuencia respiratoria (FR) y la temperatura rectal (TR). Estas evaluaciones se realizaron antes del tratamiento, quince minutos después de la administración del fármaco, y a cada quince minutos durante dos horas. En los mismos momentos se ha investigado la presencia o ausencia de decúbito, somnolencia, ptosis de pálpebra y otras señales de tranquilidad. Los datos han sido analizados estadísticamente. En el tratamiento experimental (P1), dos perros mostraron tranquilidad satisfactoria y un perro moderada, lo que no fue significativamente diferente del grupo donde se administró dosis terapéutica de acepromacina por vía intramuscular. Se concluyó que la administración de acepromacina en subdosis en el punto yin tang puede ser utilizado con seguridad en la práctica clínica en las más diversas manipulaciones en las que hay la necesidad de tranquilizar perros.(AU)

Effects of Three Acepromazine Doses on the Incidence of Morphine-Induced Vomiting, Sedation and Some Physiological Variables in Dogs

Background: Acepromazine was found to reduce the incidence of vomiting induced by opioids such as morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone in dogs. Despite the effectiveness of the phenothiazine in preventing opioid-induced vomiting in this species, a single dose of acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) was tested and the influence of dose on the antiemetic effect of the drug is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three acepromazine doses on the incidence of vomiting induced by morphine in dogs. A secondary aim was to assess the degree of sedation and effects on physiological variables following administration of the combinations tested.Materials, Methods & Results: All dogs received 0.5 mg/kg morphine (IM). Fifteen min before morphine, dogs in the Control, ACPLD, ACPMD and ACPHD groups were administered (IM) physiological saline or acepromazine at doses of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In Phase 1, purpose-bred dogs (n = 8) underwent each of the four treatments in a randomized, crossover design; the incidence of vomiting, sedation, pulse rate (PR), systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures (SAP, MAP and DAP) were investigated for 60 min. Sedation was assessed by a numeric descriptive scale (NDS, range 0-3) and a simple numerical scale (SNS, range 1-10). In Phase 2, client-owned dogs (n = 50) received a single treatment and only the in

Effects of Three Acepromazine Doses on the Incidence of Morphine-Induced Vomiting, Sedation and Some Physiological Variables in Dogs

Background: Acepromazine was found to reduce the incidence of vomiting induced by opioids such as morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone in dogs. Despite the effectiveness of the phenothiazine in preventing opioid-induced vomiting in this species, a single dose of acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) was tested and the influence of dose on the antiemetic effect of the drug is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three acepromazine doses on the incidence of vomiting induced by morphine in dogs. A secondary aim was to assess the degree of sedation and effects on physiological variables following administration of the combinations tested.Materials, Methods & Results: All dogs received 0.5 mg/kg morphine (IM). Fifteen min before morphine, dogs in the Control, ACPLD, ACPMD and ACPHD groups were administered (IM) physiological saline or acepromazine at doses of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In Phase 1, purpose-bred dogs (n = 8) underwent each of the four treatments in a randomized, crossover design; the incidence of vomiting, sedation, pulse rate (PR), systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures (SAP, MAP and DAP) were investigated for 60 min. Sedation was assessed by a numeric descriptive scale (NDS, range 0-3) and a simple numerical scale (SNS, range 1-10). In Phase 2, client-owned dogs (n = 50) received a single treatment and only the in

Effects of Three Acepromazine Doses on the Incidence of Morphine-Induced Vomiting, Sedation and Some Physiological Variables in Dogs

Background: Acepromazine was found to reduce the incidence of vomiting induced by opioids such as morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone in dogs. Despite the effectiveness of the phenothiazine in preventing opioid-induced vomiting in this species, a single dose of acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) was tested and the influence of dose on the antiemetic effect of the drug is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three acepromazine doses on the incidence of vomiting induced by morphine in dogs. A secondary aim was to assess the degree of sedation and effects on physiological variables following administration of the combinations tested.Materials, Methods & Results: All dogs received 0.5 mg/kg morphine (IM). Fifteen min before morphine, dogs in the Control, ACPLD, ACPMD and ACPHD groups were administered (IM) physiological saline or acepromazine at doses of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In Phase 1, purpose-bred dogs (n = 8) underwent each of the four treatments in a randomized, crossover design; the incidence of vomiting, sedation, pulse rate (PR), systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures (SAP, MAP and DAP) were investigated for 60 min. Sedation was assessed by a numeric descriptive scale (NDS, range 0-3) and a simple numerical scale (SNS, range 1-10). In Phase 2, client-owned dogs (n = 50) received a single treatment and only the in

Effects of Three Acepromazine Doses on the Incidence of Morphine-Induced Vomiting, Sedation and Some Physiological Variables in Dogs

Background: Acepromazine was found to reduce the incidence of vomiting induced by opioids such as morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone in dogs. Despite the effectiveness of the phenothiazine in preventing opioid-induced vomiting in this species, a single dose of acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) was tested and the influence of dose on the antiemetic effect of the drug is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three acepromazine doses on the incidence of vomiting induced by morphine in dogs. A secondary aim was to assess the degree of sedation and effects on physiological variables following administration of the combinations tested.Materials, Methods & Results: All dogs received 0.5 mg/kg morphine (IM). Fifteen min before morphine, dogs in the Control, ACPLD, ACPMD and ACPHD groups were administered (IM) physiological saline or acepromazine at doses of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In Phase 1, purpose-bred dogs (n = 8) underwent each of the four treatments in a randomized, crossover design; the incidence of vomiting, sedation, pulse rate (PR), systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures (SAP, MAP and DAP) were investigated for 60 min. Sedation was assessed by a numeric descriptive scale (NDS, range 0-3) and a simple numerical scale (SNS, range 1-10). In Phase 2, client-owned dogs (n = 50) received a single treatment and only the in

Effects of Three Acepromazine Doses on the Incidence of Morphine-Induced Vomiting, Sedation and Some Physiological Variables in Dogs

Background: Acepromazine was found to reduce the incidence of vomiting induced by opioids such as morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone in dogs. Despite the effectiveness of the phenothiazine in preventing opioid-induced vomiting in this species, a single dose of acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) was tested and the influence of dose on the antiemetic effect of the drug is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three acepromazine doses on the incidence of vomiting induced by morphine in dogs. A secondary aim was to assess the degree of sedation and effects on physiological variables following administration of the combinations tested.Materials, Methods & Results: All dogs received 0.5 mg/kg morphine (IM). Fifteen min before morphine, dogs in the Control, ACPLD, ACPMD and ACPHD groups were administered (IM) physiological saline or acepromazine at doses of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In Phase 1, purpose-bred dogs (n = 8) underwent each of the four treatments in a randomized, crossover design; the incidence of vomiting, sedation, pulse rate (PR), systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures (SAP, MAP and DAP) were investigated for 60 min. Sedation was assessed by a numeric descriptive scale (NDS, range 0-3) and a simple numerical scale (SNS, range 1-10). In Phase 2, client-owned dogs (n = 50) received a single treatment and only the in