Morphological Studies on the Testis, Epididymis and Vas Deferens of Al-Ahsa Native Rooster

This study was carried out to investigate the morphological and histological structures of the testis, epididymis and vas deferens of the Al-Ahsa native rooster (ANR). There were two types of ANR; the brown feather one with light yellow shank and the black feather one with grey or dark grey shank. Their body weight was 1840.88± 92.13 g and 1555.66± 82.83g, respectively. The morphology of the testes showed that the black rooster has larger testes than the brown rooster and there was asymmetry in size between the right and left testis in both. They were grey yellowish in color and oval-shaped, situated in the abdomen dorsal to the proventriculus, the liver and the gizzard, cranial to the lungs, caudal to the abdominal sac and ventral to the kidneys. The histology of the testes revealed the capsule, the different cells of the lining epithelium of the seminiferous tubules and the interstitial tissue. The morphology of the epididymis was revealed pseudostratified columnar epithelium, light brown in color with c to L-shaped, located cranial to the testis and extended caudally to continue with vas deferens. The latter has columnar epithelium, light grey in color, run caudally medial to the kidneys and opened in the cloaca.(AU)

Does a bilateral polypropylene mesh alter the duct deferens morphology, testicular size and testosterone levels? Experimental study in rats

Purpose To evaluate the effect of a PP mesh on duct deferens morphology, testicular size and testosterone levels. Methods Forty adult male rats were distributed into groups: 1) no surgery; 2) inguinotomy; 3) mesh placed on the duct deferens; and 4) mesh placed on the spermatic funiculus. After 90 postoperative days, the inguinal region was resected, and blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum testosterone (pg/dl). The ducts deferens were sectioned in three axial sections according to the relationship with the mesh — cranial, medial and caudal. The wall thickness and duct deferens lumen area were measured. Results The morphology of the duct deferens was preserved in all groups. The mesh placement did not alter this morphology in any of the analyzed segments. Surgery, with or without mesh placement, did not alter the morphology, wall thickness or lumen area (p>0.05). In all operated groups, serum testosterone levels were similar (p>0.05) but there was a decrease in testicle size (p<0.05). Conclusion Surgery, with or without mesh placement, did not alter the morphology of the duct deferens and, although this treatment resulted in testicular size reduction, it did not affect serum testosterone levels.(AU)

Does a bilateral polypropylene mesh alter the duct deferens morphology, testicular size and testosterone levels?: experimental study in rats

Purpose To evaluate the effect of a PP mesh on duct deferens morphology, testicular size and testosterone levels. Methods Forty adult male rats were distributed into groups: 1) no surgery; 2) inguinotomy; 3) mesh placed on the duct deferens; and 4) mesh placed on the spermatic funiculus. After 90 postoperative days, the inguinal region was resected, and blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum testosterone (pg/dl). The ducts deferens were sectioned in three axial sections according to the relationship with the mesh cranial, medial and caudal. The wall thickness and duct deferens lumen area were measured. Results The morphology of the duct deferens was preserved in all groups. The mesh placement did not alter this morphology in any of the analyzed segments. Surgery, with or without mesh placement, did not alter the morphology, wall thickness or lumen area (p>0.05). In all operated groups, serum testosterone levels were similar (p>0.05) but there was a decrease in testicle size (p 0.05). Conclusion Surgery, with or without mesh placement, did not alter the morphology of the duct deferens and, although this treatment resulted in testicular size reduction, it did not affect serum testosterone levels.(AU)

Vasectomy in spotted paca (Cuniculus paca)

Background: Cuniculus paca is the second largest neotropical rodent. It is not endangered, but your habitat has been destroyed and the specie has been hunted, because of its prized meat. In this context captive breeding is an alternative to reduce the hunt. Then, adult male vasectomy is an interesting alternative for Cuniculus paca since the animal does not lose libido and maintain cyclicity of females into the enclosure. This technique is a method of sterilization which the vas deferens is surgically clamped, cut, or otherwise sealed and thus prevents the release of sperm when a male ejaculates. The aim of this study was to describe the vasectomy technique on a male spotted paca kept in captive. Case: A captive adult male of Cuniculus paca, lived in Brazilian wild fauna breeding for scientific research. It was maintained on precinct with no other animal, ate fruits, vegetables, tubers and rodent chow and water offered ad libitum. It was submitted to bilateral vasectomy to maintain reproductive behavior on bevy, but not impregnate females. The anaesthesia was performed using ketamine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg IM) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg IM) as premedication, and isoflurane in open system by facemask diluted in 100% O2 for induction and maintenance. Immediately after induction, was performed epidural anesthesia using 4 mg/kg of lidocaine hydrochloride without vasoconstrictor [...]

Vasectomy in spotted paca (Cuniculus paca)

Background: Cuniculus paca is the second largest neotropical rodent. It is not endangered, but your habitat has been destroyed and the specie has been hunted, because of its prized meat. In this context captive breeding is an alternative to reduce the hunt. Then, adult male vasectomy is an interesting alternative for Cuniculus paca since the animal does not lose libido and maintain cyclicity of females into the enclosure. This technique is a method of sterilization which the vas deferens is surgically clamped, cut, or otherwise sealed and thus prevents the release of sperm when a male ejaculates. The aim of this study was to describe the vasectomy technique on a male spotted paca kept in captive. Case: A captive adult male of Cuniculus paca, lived in Brazilian wild fauna breeding for scientific research. It was maintained on precinct with no other animal, ate fruits, vegetables, tubers and rodent chow and water offered ad libitum. It was submitted to bilateral vasectomy to maintain reproductive behavior on bevy, but not impregnate females. The anaesthesia was performed using ketamine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg IM) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg IM) as premedication, and isoflurane in open system by facemask diluted in 100% O2 for induction and maintenance. Immediately after induction, was performed epidural anesthesia using 4 mg/kg of lidocaine hydrochloride without vasoconstrictor [...](AU)

NOVA TÉCNICA DE DEFERENTOPEXIA PRÉ ESCROTAL ASSOCIADO A HERNIORRAFIA PERINEAL NO CÃO EM DECÚBITO DORSAL

Hérnia perineal é descrita como o enfraquecimento muscular da região do períneo, podendo assim ocorrer a migração de vísceras para a região. Ocorre principalmente em cães, machos, não castrados e idosos. Neste estudo objetivou-se descrever uma nova técnica de deferentopexia como método auxiliar na herniorrafia perineal realizada em decúbito dorsal com tração cranial dos membros pélvicos em cães. Foram utilizados 15 cães, machos, inteiros, pesando 17,67 ± 10,28 kg, de diferentes idades e raças, portadores de hérnia perineal. O procedimento cirúrgico consistiu na realização da herniorrafia pelo método tradicional, seguido da realização da orquiectomia pré-escrotal associado a deferentopexia pela confecção de uma amarração entre os dois ductos deferentes de cada testículo através de um nó de cirurgião. Avaliações clínicas foram realizadas no 3º, 15º, 30º e 60º dia pós-cirúrgico. Foram avaliados o comportamento do animal, reações dolorosas a palpação dos pontos de pele, postura ao defecar e urinar e quaisquer complicações relacionadas ao procedimento cirúrgico. Diante dos resultados obtidos, a nova técnica de deferentopexia associado a herniorrafia perineal proporcionou um tempo cirúrgico menor, este realizados em um mesmo decúbito, não apresentando taxa de recidivas nos cães avaliados até o 60º dia pós-operatório, por promover uma menor pressão principalmente da vesícula urinária, próstata e colón sobre o diafragma pélvico, tendo assim menores complicações comparado a técnica padrão.

Perineal hernia is described as the weakening of the muscle in the perineum region, which may result in the migration of viscera to the region. It occurs mainly in dogs, males, nonneutered and elderly. This study aimed to describe a new technique of deferentopexy as an auxiliary method in perineal herniorrhaphy performed in the supine position with cranial traction of the pelvic limbs in dogs. Fifteen dogs, male, whole, weighing 17.67 ± 10.28 kg of different ages and races, with perineal hernia were used. The surgical procedure consisted of performing herniorrhaphy using the traditional method, followed by performing a pre-scrotal orchiectomy associated with deferentopexy by making a tie between the two different ducts of each testis through a surgeon's knot. Clinical evaluations were performed on the 3rd, 15th, 30th and 60th postoperative days. The animal's behavior, painful reactions to palpation of the skin points, posture when defecating and urinating and any complications related to the surgical procedure were evaluated. In view of the results obtained, the new technique of deferentopexy associated with perineal herniorrhaphy provided a shorter surgical time, performed in the same decubitus position, with no recurrence rate in the dogs evaluated until the 60th postoperative day, as it promotes less pressure mainly on the gallbladder urinary, prostate and colon on the pelvic diaphragm, thus having less complications compared to the standard technique.

Sistema reprodutor masculino em Porcellanidae: reconstrução do caráter ancestral com base na morfologia, histoquímica e ultraestrutura dos espermatóforos e espermatozoides.

Os caranguejos da família Porcellanidae tem seu sistema reprodutor masculino desconhecido do ponto de vista histológico e pouco estudado no aspecto ultraestrutural dos espermatozoides. Nesta dissertação, apresentamos o padrão anato-histológico do sistema reprodutor masculino, além da ultraestrutura dos espermatóforos e espermatozoides de Porcellanidae, buscando entender as relações de parentesco e a evolução do sistema reprodutor e suas células germinativas entre as superfamílias da infraordem Anomura. Foram coletados com auxílio de um barco de pesca camaroeira, além de coleta manual na região entre marés e por meio de mergulho livre e autônomo (3m), machos adultos dos gêneros Pachycheles, Petrolisthes, Pisidia, Porcellana e Megalobrachium em Ubatuba e São Vicente (SP), Brasil, e em Valdivia, Chile. As amostras foram processadas seguindo rotinas para histologia, microscopia eletrônica de trasmissão e varredura. Análises do fluido seminal, empacotamento dos espermatozoides e formação dos espermatóforos, apresentaram o mesmo padrão para todas as espécies estudadas, e semelhante a outros Anomuras já descritos na literatura, sendo simplificado e sem diferenciações macroscopícas. Os espermatóforos de Porcellanidae seguem o padrão tripartido pedunculado como descrito para a maioria dos Anomura, porém se diferenciam por apresentarem um pedúnculo diminuto, característica compartilhada com Galatheidae e Munidae. A ultraestrutura dos espermatozoides dos Porcellanidae é caracterizada por uma vesícula acrossomal saliente ao espermatozoide, possuindo camadas concêntricas e diferente dos outros Galatheoidea por apresentarem: opérculo centralmente perfurado, cone perforatorial eletrondenso, e anel perforatorial posterior. Porcellanidae possuem caracteristicas compartilhadas entre as espécies mais proximamente relacionadas e algumas exclusivas de cada gênero. Pisidia brasiliensis e Porcellana sayana, possuem um ombro na região apical do acrossoma. Porcellana sayana e Megalobrachium roseum o cone perforatorial se estende até a abertura opercular. No gênero Petrolisthes, ocorre uma estrutura excusiva, o anel tubular eletrondenso. Pisidia brasiliensis possui botão apical. Assim, a ultraestrutura do espermatozoide destas espécies de Porcellanidae representam um novo conjunto de caracteres os quais são claramente relacionados filogeneticamente, quando traçados por meio do uso da filogenia mais recente da infraordem.

The crabs of the Porcellanidae family have their male reproductive system unknown from the historical point of view and little studied in the ultrastructural aspect of sperm. In this dissertation, we present the histological pattern of the male reproductive system, in addition to the ultrastructure of sperm and sperm from porcellanids, seeking to understand how kinship relationships and the evolution of the reproductive system and its germ cells between the superfamilies of Anomura's infrastructure. Were collected with the aid of a camaro fishing boat, in addition to manual collection in the region between tides and free and autonomous diving medium (3m), adult males of the genera Pachycheles, petrolitic, pisis, porcellana and megalobrachium in Ubatuba and São Vicente (SP ), Brazil, and in Valdivia, Chile. As the samples were processed following routines for histology, transmission electron microscopy and scanning. Analysis of seminal fluid, sperm packaging and sperm formation, analysis or the same pattern for all studied species, and similar to other Anomuras already applied in the literature, being simplified and without macroscopic differences. Porcellanid spermatozoa follow the pedunculated tripartite pattern as described for most Anomura, but they differ by presenting a tiny peduncle, resources shared with Galatheidae and Munidae. An ultrastructure of porcelain spermatozoa is characterized by an acrosomal vesicle protruding from the sperm, having concentric layers and different from the other Galatheoidea in that they have: centrally perforated operculum, perforated electron- condensed cone and perforated posterior ring. Porcellanidae has characteristics shared between the closest species and some exclusive to each genus. Pisidia brasiliensis and Porcellana sayana, have a "shoulder" in the apical region of the acrosome. Porcellana sayana and Megalobrachium roseum or perforated cone extend to the opercular opening. In the Petrolisthes genus, there is an excusive structure or an electronic tubular ring. Pisidia brasiliensis has an apical bud. Thus, an ultrastructure of the sperm of these species of Porcellanidae represents a new set of characters, which are clearly related phylogenetically, when traced using the most recent phylogeny of the infraorder.

Canine testicular disorders and their influence on sperm morphology

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of testicular disease on sperm morphology. The reproductive tracts of 33 dogs were evaluated clinically and with ultrasound, followed by orchiectomy and harvesting of fluid from the vas deferens to evaluate sperm morphology. A section from each testis was used to conduct histological analyses. Histological changes were noted in 71.2% of testes (47/66). Regardless of dog age, the most frequent pathology was testicular degeneration (80.8%; 38/47), whereas testicular tumors were observed only in adult and old dogs (25.9%; 7/27). Harvesting fluid from the vas deferens for sperm morphology assessment was effective in 87.9% of cases (58/66), and severe testicular degenerative processes induced an increase (P < 0.05) in the percentage of abnormal sperm when compared with normal testes or those with moderate testicular degeneration (special attention given to detached heads). In conclusion, regardless of dog age, breed or origin, a severe testicular degeneration process led to a significant increase in detached heads. Furthermore, the collection of sperm from the vas deferens proved to be an alternative and reliable technique for future research.

Effects of traction on the spermatic cord of rats

PURPOSE: To determine whether tension in the spermatic cord of rats causes lesions in the testis, epididymis or vas deferens. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups. A traction force of 1.6 Newton (N) in group I and 1 N in group II was applied to the right spermatic cord. Group III was the sham, and group IV served as the control. RESULTS: Testicular lesions occurred on the right side in 66.7% of the rats and on the left side in 46.1% of the rats. The testes showed a decreased number of Sertoli cells, necrosis and a decreased number of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules. Anatomopathological changes in the vas deferens were not identified. There was no decrease in the thickness of the muscle wall of the vas deferens. In the right epididymis, 71.8% of the animals showed a reduction and 5% showed an absence of intraluminal sperm. In the left epididymis, 37.5% of the rats showed a reduction. The volume and the final testicular weight of the right side in group IV was different from those in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomopathological lesions were found in the testis and epididymis.(AU)

Canine testicular disorders and their influence on sperm morphology

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of testicular disease on sperm morphology. The reproductive tracts of 33 dogs were evaluated clinically and with ultrasound, followed by orchiectomy and harvesting of fluid from the vas deferens to evaluate sperm morphology. A section from each testis was used to conduct histological analyses. Histological changes were noted in 71.2% of testes (47/66). Regardless of dog age, the most frequent pathology was testicular degeneration (80.8%; 38/47), whereas testicular tumors were observed only in adult and old dogs (25.9%; 7/27). Harvesting fluid from the vas deferens for sperm morphology assessment was effective in 87.9% of cases (58/66), and severe testicular degenerative processes induced an increase (P < 0.05) in the percentage of abnormal sperm when compared with normal testes or those with moderate testicular degeneration (special attention given to detached heads). In conclusion, regardless of dog age, breed or origin, a severe testicular degeneration process led to a significant increase in detached heads. Furthermore, the collection of sperm from the vas deferens proved to be an alternative and reliable technique for future research.(AU)

A microestrutura e o desenvolvimento dos órgãos genitais masculinos de preás (Galea spixii) criados em cativeiro / The microstructure and development of male genital organs of Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii) bred in captivity

O preá do semiárido nordestino (Galea spixii) é um roedor pertencente à família Caviidae. São encontrados nas regiões da Caatinga e do Cerrado Brasileiro e se reproduz ao longo do ano, apresentando um período de gestação de 48 dias e uma ninhada de 2 a 4 crias. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar histologicamente os componentes estruturais dos órgãos genitais de preás machos relacionando com a evolução cronológica destes órgãos na espécie. Foram utilizados para análise animais ao nascimento e aos 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120 e aos 150 dias de idade. Fragmentos do epidídimo, ducto deferente, pênis e glândulas sexuais acessórias foram coletados, fixados e processados para descrição em microscopia de luz. O epidídimo apresentou epitélio colunar simples e em cada fase sexual notou-se diferença quanto ao tamanho do lúmen tubular e à presença de espermatozóides no lúmen aos 45 dias de idade. O epitélio do ducto deferente no preá mostrou-se pseudo-estratificado colunar com crescente presença de estereocilios com o avanço da idade. A glândula vesicular no preá apresentou uma mucosa com pregueamento variado, de acordo com a fase do desenvolvimento sexual. A próstata mostrou-se pouco desenvolvida, com lúmen pequeno nos preás ao nascimento e aos 15 dias de idade; aos 45 dias mostrou-se com um pregueamento do epitélio variável. Os órgãos genitais masculinos do preá passaram por transformações morfológicas no decorrer da idade e com o desenvolvimento sexual, isso colaborou para a determinação do início da fase da puberdade, que na espécie em estudo foi aos 45 dias de idade.(AU)

The Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii) from the Brazilian northeastern semi-arid is a rodent that does belong to the family Caviidae. They are found in regions of the Caatinga and Cerrado, and reproduces throughout the year, with a gestation period of 48 days and a litter of 2 to 4 pups. The aim of this study was to characterize histologically the structural components of the genital organs of male Spix's yellow-toothed cavies regarding their chronological development. For the analysis we used animals at birth and with 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120 and 150 days of age. Fragments of the epididymis, vas deferens, penis and accessory sex glands were collected, fixed and processed for light microscopic. The epididymis had a simple columnar epithelium and at each sexual stage the epididymis was noted different in size of the tubular lumen and regarding the presence of sperm in the lumen at 45 days of age. The epithelium of vas deferens was found to be pseudo-stratified columnar with increasing presence of stereocilia with advancing age. The vesicular gland showed a folded mucosa that varied according to stage of sexual development. The prostate was not very developed, with a small lumen in Spix's yellow-toothed cavy at birth and at 15 days of age; at 45 days showed variable wrinkling of the epithelium. The male genital organs underwent morphological transformations in line with age and sexual development, what helped to determine the onset of puberty, which in the species studied occurred at 45 days of age.(AU)

A microestrutura e o desenvolvimento dos órgãos genitais masculinos de preás (Galea spixii) criados em cativeiro / The microstructure and development of male genital organs of Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii) bred in captivity

O preá do semiárido nordestino (Galea spixii) é um roedor pertencente à família Caviidae. São encontrados nas regiões da Caatinga e do Cerrado Brasileiro e se reproduz ao longo do ano, apresentando um período de gestação de 48 dias e uma ninhada de 2 a 4 crias. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar histologicamente os componentes estruturais dos órgãos genitais de preás machos relacionando com a evolução cronológica destes órgãos na espécie. Foram utilizados para análise animais ao nascimento e aos 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120 e aos 150 dias de idade. Fragmentos do epidídimo, ducto deferente, pênis e glândulas sexuais acessórias foram coletados, fixados e processados para descrição em microscopia de luz. O epidídimo apresentou epitélio colunar simples e em cada fase sexual notou-se diferença quanto ao tamanho do lúmen tubular e à presença de espermatozóides no lúmen aos 45 dias de idade. O epitélio do ducto deferente no preá mostrou-se pseudo-estratificado colunar com crescente presença de estereocilios com o avanço da idade. A glândula vesicular no preá apresentou uma mucosa com pregueamento variado, de acordo com a fase do desenvolvimento sexual. A próstata mostrou-se pouco desenvolvida, com lúmen pequeno nos preás ao nascimento e aos 15 dias de idade; aos 45 dias mostrou-se com um pregueamento do epitélio variável. Os órgãos genitais masculinos do preá passaram por transformações morfológicas no decorrer da idade e com o desenvolvimento sexual, isso colaborou para a determinação do início da fase da puberdade, que na espécie em estudo foi aos 45 dias de idade.(AU)

The Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii) from the Brazilian northeastern semi-arid is a rodent that does belong to the family Caviidae. They are found in regions of the Caatinga and Cerrado, and reproduces throughout the year, with a gestation period of 48 days and a litter of 2 to 4 pups. The aim of this study was to characterize histologically the structural components of the genital organs of male Spix's yellow-toothed cavies regarding their chronological development. For the analysis we used animals at birth and with 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120 and 150 days of age. Fragments of the epididymis, vas deferens, penis and accessory sex glands were collected, fixed and processed for light microscopic. The epididymis had a simple columnar epithelium and at each sexual stage the epididymis was noted different in size of the tubular lumen and regarding the presence of sperm in the lumen at 45 days of age. The epithelium of vas deferens was found to be pseudo-stratified columnar with increasing presence of stereocilia with advancing age. The vesicular gland showed a folded mucosa that varied according to stage of sexual development. The prostate was not very developed, with a small lumen in Spix's yellow-toothed cavy at birth and at 15 days of age; at 45 days showed variable wrinkling of the epithelium. The male genital organs underwent morphological transformations in line with age and sexual development, what helped to determine the onset of puberty, which in the species studied occurred at 45 days of age.(AU)

Variações sazonais na ultra-estrutura do ducto deferente de codorna doméstica (Coturnix coturnix) / Seasonal variability on the ultrastructure of the vas deferens of domestic quail (Coturnix coturnix)

O ducto deferente (DD) de codorna doméstica mostrou variações sazonais na ultra-estrutura do epitélio de revestimento tubular nas quatro estações do ano, sendo, contudo, mais marcantes no outono, que corresponde à fase quiescente, e na primavera, que é a fase ativa do ciclo testicular anual. Durante a quiescência outonal ocorreram redução do calibre e da luz tubular do DD e características de degeneração celular das células principais (P) do epitélio do DD. A fase ativa primaveril mostrou o calibre tubular e a dimensão luminal maiores do DD, ocorrendo grande estoque de material intra-luminal formado principalmente por espermatozoides. A ultra-estrutura do epitélio de revestimento do DD na fase ativa primaveril mostrou variabilidade das organelas citoplasmáticas relacionadas, principalmente, aos processos de síntese proteica e de endocitose. Contudo, foi observada uma maior quantidade de lisossomos no citoplasma apical de células P do DD na fase recrudescente do inverno, assim como uma escassez relativa de organelas citoplasmáticas e presença de células escuras na fase regressiva do verão.(AU)

The vas deferens (VD) of domestic quail showed seasonal variability on the fine structure of the lining tubular epithelium during the four seasons along the year, whose features were marked more relevant in the autumn and spring which respectively corresponded to the quiescent and active phases of the annual testis cycle ("cycle") in this species. During the fall quiescence had been verified tubular reduction of the VD caliber and luminal dimension followed by degenerative features of the principal epithelial cells and lack of luminal content of spermatozoa. Counter wise in the spring active phase of the "cycle" great dimension of the VD caliber and luminal dimension were observed and the luminal content was plenum of material represented prior by spermatozoa. Similar features occurred on the VD fine structure in the summer and winter according to our results. Fine structural features of the VD lining epithelium in the spring showed variability of cytoplasm organelle mainly related to active processes of endocytosis and protein synthesis, although more lysosomal activity was seen on the apical cytoplasm of principal epithelial cells in the recrudescent phase of winter. Moreover, it was verified a relative scarcity of cytoplasm organelle followed by presence of dark epithelial cells in the regressive phase of summer.(AU)

Estudo morfológico e histomorfométrico sobre variações sazonais do ducto deferente de codorna da variedade italiana / Seasonal study quail's vas deferens of italian variety: morphology and histomorphometry

No outono o ducto deferente de codorna da variedade Italiana foi observado como um ducto simples, delgado e retilíneo em toda a sua extensão. Assim sendo, secções histológicas transversais deste ducto mostraram-no com forma circular, sendo revestido por epitélio pseudoestratificado cilíndrico que forma pregas longitudinais. Essas pregas adentravam o lúmen tubular, que aparecia freqüentemente vazio de espermatozóides. Porém, no inverno, primavera e verão a aparência morfológica do ducto deferente era a de um túbulo grandemente enovelado. Logo, cada secção histológica transversal do ducto deferente, ao longo de toda a sua extensão, mostrava-se estruturada como secções tubulares dispostas paralelamente entre si. Estas secções tubulares apareciam irregulares quanto à forma e variáveis em número, estando interconectadas por tecido conjuntivo frouxo adventicial. Nestas observações no inverno, primavera e verão o lúmen tubular vaso-deferencial estava totalmente preenchido por espermatozóides e fluido seminal. Portanto, pôde-se concluir, inclusive com base em estudo prévio sobre a cinética testicular nesta variedade Italiana de codorna, que a produção de espermatozóides bem como a sua emissão, estocagem e ejaculação através do ducto deferente não cessam ao longo da maior parte do ano, exceto no outono a etapa quiescente do ciclo reprodutivo circum-anual desta ave doméstica.(AU)

In the autumn the vas deferens of the Italian variety of domestic quail appeared as a single, thin, and straight duct along its total extension. Thus, transversal histologic sections of this duct showed a circular tubular shape. The pseudoestratified columnar epithelium that lined the vas deferens presented longitudinal folds which invaded the lumen frequently empty of spermatozoa. Although in the winter, spring and summer the usual morphological appearance of the quails vas deferens was seen as a highly coiling duct. So, each transversal histologic section of the vas deferens, in all the segments, showed parallel cut sections of the duct being irregular in shape and variable in number and interconnected by the adventitial loose connective tissue. In these observations, the tubular lumen was totally performed by spermatozoa and seminal fluid. Consequently, with previous base on the testis kinetics of the Italian quail variety, it was concluded that the spermatozoa production, followed by emission, storage and ejaculation of spermatozoa through the vas deferens did not stop during the winter, spring and summer, but ceased in the autumn the quiescent phase of the circannual reproductive cycle in this bird.(AU)