Canine mixed tumors as one of the mammary neoplasia varieties

The most significant interest in veterinary oncology is occupied by tumors of a mixed nature, which are represented by the direct interaction of epithelial and mesenchymal components. According to some data, the formation of cell lineage of mesenchymal cells occurs due to the transformation of epidermal basket cells surrounding the glandular epithelium. In this case, the formation of a cartilage anlage with its further transformation into differentiated bone tissue occurs. The article contains information about the structure and features of the location and interaction of mixed tumors' glandular and stromal components in female dogs (n=29). It was revealed that in addition to simple mixed neoplasms, tumors with proplasia of the mesenchymal component into highly differentiated cartilage or bone tissue were also often registered. To confirm subcellular changes in the expression of certain types of proteins, such as a-SMA and vimentin, an IHC study was used. The expression of the studied biomarkers was established in mesenchymal fibroblastic differon cells and myoepithelial cells. The intensity of immunoreactive material expression ranged from moderate (2+) to strong (3+), indicating changes in myoepithelial cells' genotype during the formation of mixed mammary neoplasms.(AU)

Peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the upper eyelid in a dog

Background: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors are most commonly found on the head and neck regions of both dogs and people. Schwannomas are rarely observed in ophthalmic areas. When they occur, ocular Schwannomas are usually located in the orbit, uveal tract and conjunctiva. The occurrence of uveal schwannoma, a subset of PNST has been well documented in the veterinary literature. PNST has never been observed in the eyelids of dogs. Therefore, the present report aimed to describe the surgical treatment and outcome of a PNST located in the upper eyelid of a dog. Case: A 9-year-old, spayed female mixed-breed dog was referred for evaluation of a large mass involving the right upper eyelid for a duration of approximately one month. The inspection revealed sero-sanguinolent discharge and an oval-shaped mass occupying more than 70% of the right upper eyelid. A presumptive diagnosis of eyelid neoplasia was considered most likely. Excision of the entire mass with a 2 cm margin was performed. The third eyelid and dorso-medial bulbar conjunctiva were also removed. Upper eyelid reconstruction was performed based on a similar technique previously described in cats (lip-to-lid flap). As a result, neoplastic spindle cells exhibited immunoreactivity for S100 and intense cytoplasmic staining for vimentin, supporting the diagnosis of schwannoma. Fifteen days later, the margins of the subdermal pattern flap were healed and skin sutures were removed. On the last follow-up, 9 months post-surgery, the dog was visual, and the flap was well incorporated and covered the ocular surface. Ten months later, another large mass arising from the right inferior palpebral conjunctiva was observed. Once ultrasound revealed orbital invasion exenteration combined with orbitectomy were performed, and the defect was covered with an auricular axial pattern flap. The second tumor had the same histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the first mass. Both tumors expressed Ki67; however, the PI in the second mass was higher (7.9%) than the first (3.4%). Discussion: Reported eyelid neoplasms in dogs include adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the meibomian glands, melanomas, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, histiocytoma, mastocytoma, lipomas, papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas. To the author's knowledge, however, this is the first case description of a PNST affecting the eyelid in a dog. The histologic distinction between PNSTs and other spindle cell tumors, including myxosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, and melanoma can be challenging and requires immunohistochemical stainin. S100 is an acidic protein that identifies various nervous tissue cells, including Schwann cells, and the majority of canine PNSTs diffusely express this molecule. As in the case presented here, neoplastic cells of different ocular and adnexal structures were also positive for S100 and vimentin in all PNSTs previously reported in the veterinary literature. This is the first report of PNST affecting the eyelid in a dog. The lip-to-lid flap is a feasible technique to reconstruct the upper eyelid following wide surgical removal of a tumor in dogs. However, the authors suggest radical surgery combining orbitectomy, exenteration and a miocutaneous flap if PNST is diagnosed in the eyelids of dogs. They also caution once recurrence is possible and can be more aggressive.(AU)

Cutaneous myofibroblastic fibrosarcoma in a margay (Leopardus wiedii): a case report

A routine check-up was performed on a captive 14-year-old female margay (Leopardus wiedii), a cutaneous mass was detected on the ventral thorax. The mass was surgically removed and sent for histopathological analysis. Histologically, the mass was a poorly-demarcated, highly cellular, infiltrative and unencapsulated mesenchymal neoplasm. Immunohistochemical labeling for smooth muscle actin and vimentin were positive, while desmin and cytokeratin were negative which is consistent with a myofibroblastic fibrosarcoma. This type of tumor has been diagnosed in wild felines, however this seems to be the first report of its occurrence in this L. wiedii. Wildlife oncology studies should be performed to promote our understanding of cancer in a species.

Cutaneous myofibroblastic fibrosarcoma in a margay (Leopardus wiedii): a case report

A routine check-up was performed on a captive 14-year-old female margay (Leopardus wiedii), a cutaneous mass was detected on the ventral thorax. The mass was surgically removed and sent for histopathological analysis. Histologically, the mass was a poorly-demarcated, highly cellular, infiltrative and unencapsulated mesenchymal neoplasm. Immunohistochemical labeling for smooth muscle actin and vimentin were positive, while desmin and cytokeratin were negative which is consistent with a myofibroblastic fibrosarcoma. This type of tumor has been diagnosed in wild felines, however this seems to be the first report of its occurrence in this L. wiedii. Wildlife oncology studies should be performed to promote our understanding of cancer in a species.(AU)

Leiomyosarcoma in a cockatiel / Leiomiossarcoma em calopsita

Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) are exotic birds thatoriginated from Australia.Because of their beauty and learning ability, they are one of the most popular pet birds among the Psittaciformes. The objective of this study was to report a case of leiomyosarcoma on the humeral musculature of the left wing of a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus). The animal was admitted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center (NURFS-CETAS) of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas withswelling in the humeral region of the left wing. During surgery, the animal died and was transferred to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária (LRD-UFPel). During histopathological evaluation (hematoxylin and eosin routine technique) of the tumor, spindle neoplastic cells were observed, arranged in interlaced bundles amongst degenerate and normal muscle fibers. Using immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were positively immunostained for vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin. Based on of clinical-pathological and immunohistochemical findings, leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed.(AU)

As calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus) são aves exóticas originárias da Austrália. Devido a beleza e capacidade de aprendizado são uma das principais aves utilizadas como animal de companhia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de leiomiossarcoma, na musculatura umeral da asa esquerda de uma calopsita. O animal deu entrada no Núcleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre (NURFS-CETAS) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), por apresentar aumento de volume na região umeral da asa esquerda. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico o animal veio a óbito, sendo encaminhado ao Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária (LRD-UFPel). Na avaliação histopatológica (Técnica de rotina Hematoxilina e Eosina) da massa tumoral foram observadas células neoplásicas fusiformes, arranjadas em feixes entrelaçados, em meio a fibras musculares degeneradas e normais. Na imunohistoquímica verificou-se imunomarcação positiva das células neoplásicas para vimentina e alfa actina, de músculo liso. Diante dos achados clínico-patológicos e imunohistoquímicos determinou-se o diagnóstico de leiomiossarcoma. O diagnóstico definitivo deste neoplasma requer analise imunohistoquímica.(AU)

Influence of prolonged flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum ) consumption over epididymis and testicle histoarchitecture of Wistar rats / Influência do consumo prolongado de semente de linhaça ( Linum usitatissimum ) sobre a histoarquitetura dos testículo e epidídimo de ratos Wistar

Flaxseed is considered a functional food with several health benefits. However, because of its high phytoestrogen content, flaxseed influences hormone metabolism and affects the gonadal biomorphology. In this study, computerized histomorphometry was used to evaluate seminiferous and epididymal tubules, considering the different regions of the epididymis (head, body and tail) of rats subjected to a prolonged diet of flaxseed. Young adult male Wistar rats (n=20) were divided into 2 groups during their lactation period: Control Group (CG), fed casein-based meals and Flaxseed Group (FG), fed a 25% flaxseed meal. After 250 days of continuous ingestion, the animals were euthanized and a blood sample was collected. The testicles and epididymis were removed and fixed in buffered formalin solution. The samples were subjected to routine histological paraffin techniques and stained with hematoxilin and eosin. Immunostaining was performed using an antivimentin antibody for Sertoli cell identification. For morphometry, images of the slides were scanned and analyzed using Image J to determine the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameter and tubular and luminal area. In the hormonal evaluation, FG had a higher serum concentration of estrogen (P=0.001), but no change was observed in the concentration of testosterone. The morphometric assay of seminiferous tubules and epididymal regions revealed no significant differences between the analyzed groups. Similarly, Sertoli cell quantification showed no significant differences in the FG (P=0.98). These results revealed that the continuous and prolonged intake of 25% flaxseed meals from gestation to 250 days of age, even with a significant increase in serum levels of estradiol, does not exert adverse effects on the testicular and epididymal structure or on the cells participating in the spermatogenesis of rats.(AU)

A semente de linhaça é considerada um alimento funcional com vários efeitos benéficos à saúde. Entretanto, devido ao seu elevado teor de fitoestrógenos, esta semente pode influenciar no metabolismo hormonal e interferir na biomorfologia gonadal. Neste estudo, utilizamos a histomorfometria computadorizada para avaliar os túbulos seminíferos e epididimários, considerando as diferentes regiões do epidídimo (cabeça, corpo e cauda) de ratos submetidos a uma dieta prolongada de semente de linhaça. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos adultos jovens (n=20) divididos em 2 grupos, durante o período de lactação: Grupo Controle (GC) a base de caseína e Grupo Linhaça (GL) alimentados com 25% de semente de linhaça. Ao final de 250 dias de ingestão contínua, os animais foram sacrificados e amostra de sangue foi coletada. Os testículos e epidídimos foram retirados e fixados em formol tamponado. As amostras foram submetidas ao processamento histológico de rotina para parafina e coradas em hematoxilina e eosina. Foi feita a imunomarcação com anticorpo antivimentina para identificação das células de Sertoli. Para morfometria, as imagens das lâminas foram digitalizadas e analisadas pelo software ImageJ para obtenção dos dados de altura epitelial, diâmetro e área tubular e luminal. Na avaliação hormonal o GL teve maior concentração de estrógeno sérico (p=0,001), mas nenhuma mudança na concentração de testosterona foi observada. Nos parâmetros morfométricos dos túbulos seminíferos e das regiões epididimárias, não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos analisados. Da mesma forma, a quantificação das células de Sertoli não apresentaram diferenças significativas no GL (p=0,98). Estes resultados mostraram que o consumo contínuo e prolongado de 25% de semente de linhaça desde período gestacional até 250 dias de idade, mesmo com o aumento significativo nos níveis séricos de estradiol, não exerceram efeitos adversos sobre a estrutura testicular e epididimária, assim como nas células participantes da espermatogênese em ratos.(AU)

Influence of prolonged flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum ) consumption over epididymis and testicle histoarchitecture of Wistar rats / Influência do consumo prolongado de semente de linhaça ( Linum usitatissimum ) sobre a histoarquitetura dos testículo e epidídimo de ratos Wistar

Flaxseed is considered a functional food with several health benefits. However, because of its high phytoestrogen content, flaxseed influences hormone metabolism and affects the gonadal biomorphology. In this study, computerized histomorphometry was used to evaluate seminiferous and epididymal tubules, considering the different regions of the epididymis (head, body and tail) of rats subjected to a prolonged diet of flaxseed. Young adult male Wistar rats (n=20) were divided into 2 groups during their lactation period: Control Group (CG), fed casein-based meals and Flaxseed Group (FG), fed a 25% flaxseed meal. After 250 days of continuous ingestion, the animals were euthanized and a blood sample was collected. The testicles and epididymis were removed and fixed in buffered formalin solution. The samples were subjected to routine histological paraffin techniques and stained with hematoxilin and eosin. Immunostaining was performed using an antivimentin antibody for Sertoli cell identification. For morphometry, images of the slides were scanned and analyzed using Image J to determine the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameter and tubular and luminal area. In the hormonal evaluation, FG had a higher serum concentration of estrogen (P=0.001), but no change was observed in the concentration of testosterone. The morphometric assay of seminiferous tubules and epididymal regions revealed no significant differences between the analyzed groups. Similarly, Sertoli cell quantification showed no significant differences in the FG (P=0.98). These results revealed that the continuous and prolonged intake of 25% flaxseed meals from gestation to 250 days of age, even with a significant increase in serum levels of estradiol, does not exert adverse effects on the testicular and epididymal structure or on the cells participating in the spermatogenesis of rats.(AU)

A semente de linhaça é considerada um alimento funcional com vários efeitos benéficos à saúde. Entretanto, devido ao seu elevado teor de fitoestrógenos, esta semente pode influenciar no metabolismo hormonal e interferir na biomorfologia gonadal. Neste estudo, utilizamos a histomorfometria computadorizada para avaliar os túbulos seminíferos e epididimários, considerando as diferentes regiões do epidídimo (cabeça, corpo e cauda) de ratos submetidos a uma dieta prolongada de semente de linhaça. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos adultos jovens (n=20) divididos em 2 grupos, durante o período de lactação: Grupo Controle (GC) a base de caseína e Grupo Linhaça (GL) alimentados com 25% de semente de linhaça. Ao final de 250 dias de ingestão contínua, os animais foram sacrificados e amostra de sangue foi coletada. Os testículos e epidídimos foram retirados e fixados em formol tamponado. As amostras foram submetidas ao processamento histológico de rotina para parafina e coradas em hematoxilina e eosina. Foi feita a imunomarcação com anticorpo antivimentina para identificação das células de Sertoli. Para morfometria, as imagens das lâminas foram digitalizadas e analisadas pelo software ImageJ para obtenção dos dados de altura epitelial, diâmetro e área tubular e luminal. Na avaliação hormonal o GL teve maior concentração de estrógeno sérico (p=0,001), mas nenhuma mudança na concentração de testosterona foi observada. Nos parâmetros morfométricos dos túbulos seminíferos e das regiões epididimárias, não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos analisados. Da mesma forma, a quantificação das células de Sertoli não apresentaram diferenças significativas no GL (p=0,98). Estes resultados mostraram que o consumo contínuo e prolongado de 25% de semente de linhaça desde período gestacional até 250 dias de idade, mesmo com o aumento significativo nos níveis séricos de estradiol, não exerceram efeitos adversos sobre a estrutura testicular e epididimária, assim como nas células participantes da espermatogênese em ratos.(AU)

Influence of prolonged flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum ) consumption over epididymis and testicle histoarchitecture of Wistar rats

ABSTRACT: Flaxseed is considered a functional food with several health benefits. However, because of its high phytoestrogen content, flaxseed influences hormone metabolism and affects the gonadal biomorphology. In this study, computerized histomorphometry was used to evaluate seminiferous and epididymal tubules, considering the different regions of the epididymis (head, body and tail) of rats subjected to a prolonged diet of flaxseed. Young adult male Wistar rats (n=20) were divided into 2 groups during their lactation period: Control Group (CG), fed casein-based meals and Flaxseed Group (FG), fed a 25% flaxseed meal. After 250 days of continuous ingestion, the animals were euthanized and a blood sample was collected. The testicles and epididymis were removed and fixed in buffered formalin solution. The samples were subjected to routine histological paraffin techniques and stained with hematoxilin and eosin. Immunostaining was performed using an antivimentin antibody for Sertoli cell identification. For morphometry, images of the slides were scanned and analyzed using Image J to determine the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameter and tubular and luminal area. In the hormonal evaluation, FG had a higher serum concentration of estrogen (P=0.001), but no change was observed in the concentration of testosterone. The morphometric assay of seminiferous tubules and epididymal regions revealed no significant differences between the analyzed groups. Similarly, Sertoli cell quantification showed no significant differences in the FG (P=0.98). These results revealed that the continuous and prolonged intake of 25% flaxseed meals from gestation to 250 days of age, even with a significant increase in serum levels of estradiol, does not exert adverse effects on the testicular and epididymal structure or on the cells participating in the spermatogenesis of rats.

RESUMO: A semente de linhaça é considerada um alimento funcional com vários efeitos benéficos à saúde. Entretanto, devido ao seu elevado teor de fitoestrógenos, esta semente pode influenciar no metabolismo hormonal e interferir na biomorfologia gonadal. Neste estudo, utilizamos a histomorfometria computadorizada para avaliar os túbulos seminíferos e epididimários, considerando as diferentes regiões do epidídimo (cabeça, corpo e cauda) de ratos submetidos a uma dieta prolongada de semente de linhaça. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos adultos jovens (n=20) divididos em 2 grupos, durante o período de lactação: Grupo Controle (GC) a base de caseína e Grupo Linhaça (GL) alimentados com 25% de semente de linhaça. Ao final de 250 dias de ingestão contínua, os animais foram sacrificados e amostra de sangue foi coletada. Os testículos e epidídimos foram retirados e fixados em formol tamponado. As amostras foram submetidas ao processamento histológico de rotina para parafina e coradas em hematoxilina e eosina. Foi feita a imunomarcação com anticorpo antivimentina para identificação das células de Sertoli. Para morfometria, as imagens das lâminas foram digitalizadas e analisadas pelo software ImageJ para obtenção dos dados de altura epitelial, diâmetro e área tubular e luminal. Na avaliação hormonal o GL teve maior concentração de estrógeno sérico (p=0,001), mas nenhuma mudança na concentração de testosterona foi observada. Nos parâmetros morfométricos dos túbulos seminíferos e das regiões epididimárias, não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos analisados. Da mesma forma, a quantificação das células de Sertoli não apresentaram diferenças significativas no GL (p=0,98). Estes resultados mostraram que o consumo contínuo e prolongado de 25% de semente de linhaça desde período gestacional até 250 dias de idade, mesmo com o aumento significativo nos níveis séricos de estradiol, não exerceram efeitos adversos sobre a estrutura testicular e epididimária, assim como nas células participantes da espermatogênese em ratos.

Immunocytochemical characterization of primary cell culture in canine transmissible venereal tumor / Caracterização imunocitoquímica de culturas primárias de tumor venéreo transmissível canino

Immunochemistry with anti-vimentin, anti-lysozyme, anti-alpha 1 antitrypsin, anti-CD3 and anti-CD79α antibodies has been used for characterization of primary cell culture in the transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). Samples for primary cell culture and immunohistochemistry assays were taken from eight dogs with cytological and clinical diagnosis of TVT. To validate the immunochemical results in the primary cell culture of TVT, a chromosome count was performed. For the statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney test with p<0.05 was used. TVT tissues and culture cells showed intense anti-vimentin immunoreactivity, lightly to moderate immunoreactivity for anti-lysozyme, and mild for anti-alpha-antitrypsin. No marking was achieved for CD3 and CD79α. All culture cells showed chromosomes variable number of 56 to 68. This is the first report on the use of immunocytochemical characterization in cell culture of TVT. Significant statistic difference between immunochemistry in tissue and culture cell was not established, what suggests that the use of this technique may provide greater certainty for the confirmation of tumors in the primary culture. This fact is particularly important because in vitro culture of tumor tissues has been increasingly used to provide quick access to drug efficacy and presents relevant information to identify potential response to anticancer medicine; so it is possible to understand the behavior of the tumor.(AU)

Os anticorpos anti-vimentina, anti-lisozima, anti-alfa 1 antitripsina, anti-CD3 e anti-CD79α foram empregados para a caracterização de culturas primárias de tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVT). Amostras para cultura primária e imuno-histoquímica foram coletadas de oito cães com diagnóstico clínico e citológico de TVT. Para validar o resultado inmunocitoquímico nas culturas de TVT foi realizada a contagem de cromossomos. Para a análise estatística o teste de Mann-Whitney foi empregado a um nível de significância de p<0.05. As culturas e os tecidos de TVT apresentaram intensa reatividade para vimentina, moderada a leve para Lisozima, moderada para alfa-antitripsina e não houve marcação para CD3 e CD79α. Finalmente, todas as culturas apresentaram números de cromossomos que variaram de 56 a 68. Este é o primeiro relato que apresenta o uso da immunocitoquímica para a caracterização de culturas de TVT. Assim, e devido ao fato de se observar semelhança entre a imunomarcação em células e tecidos, sugere-se que o uso desta técnica possa auxiliar na confirmação de culturas primárias do tumor, fato muito importante porque a utilização da cultura do tumor pode permitir o acesso a informação relevante sobre resposta potencial a um tratamento e conhecimento do comportamento biológico do tumor.(AU)

Immunocytochemical characterization of primary cell culture in canine transmissible venereal tumor / Caracterização imunocitoquímica de culturas primárias de tumor venéreo transmissível canino

Immunochemistry with anti-vimentin, anti-lysozyme, anti-alpha 1 antitrypsin, anti-CD3 and anti-CD79 antibodies has been used for characterization of primary cell culture in the transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). Samples for primary cell culture and immunohistochemistry assays were taken from eight dogs with cytological and clinical diagnosis of TVT. To validate the immunochemical results in the primary cell culture of TVT, a chromosome count was performed. For the statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney test with p 0.05 was used. TVT tissues and culture cells showed intense anti-vimentin immunoreactivity, lightly to moderate immunoreactivity for anti-lysozyme, and mild for anti-alpha-antitrypsin. No marking was achieved for CD3 and CD79. All culture cells showed chromosomes variable number of 56 to 68. This is the first report on the use of immunocytochemical characterization in cell culture of TVT. Significant statistic difference between immunochemistry in tissue and culture cell was not established, what suggests that the use of this technique may provide greater certainty for the confirmation of tumors in the primary culture. This fact is particularly important because in vitro culture of tumor tissues has been increasingly used to provide quick access to drug efficacy and presents relevant information to identify potential response to anticancer medicine; so it is possible to understand the behavior of the tumor.(AU)

Os anticorpos anti-vimentina, anti-lisozima, anti-alfa 1 antitripsina, anti-CD3 e anti-CD79 foram empregados para a caracterização de culturas primárias de tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVT). Amostras para cultura primária e imuno-histoquímica foram coletadas de oito cães com diagnóstico clínico e citológico de TVT. Para validar o resultado inmunocitoquímico nas culturas de TVT foi realizada a contagem de cromossomos. Para a análise estatística o teste de Mann-Whitney foi empregado a um nível de significância de p 0.05. As culturas e os tecidos de TVT apresentaram intensa reatividade para vimentina, moderada a leve para Lisozima, moderada para alfa-antitripsina e não houve marcação para CD3 e CD79. Finalmente, todas as culturas apresentaram números de cromossomos que variaram de 56 a 68. Este é o primeiro relato que apresenta o uso da immunocitoquímica para a caracterização de culturas de TVT. Assim, e devido ao fato de se observar semelhança entre a imunomarcação em células e tecidos, sugere-se que o uso desta técnica possa auxiliar na confirmação de culturas primárias do tumor, fato muito importante porque a utilização da cultura do tumor pode permitir o acesso a informação relevante sobre resposta potencial a um tratamento e conhecimento do comportamento biológico do tumor.(AU)

Oral fibrosarcoma in jararaca (Bothrops pubescens): anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects / Fibrossarcoma oral em jararaca (Bothrops pubescens): aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos

A 4-year-old female captive-bred snake of the genus Bothrops showed swelling on the left side of the oral cavity, suggesting the development of neoplasia. The mass was removed surgically and sent for pathological examination. Two months later a new increase in volume in the same site was observed, suggesting recurrence. The lesion was completely removed and sent for pathological analysis. Histologically, the two-samples consisted of a mass with highly-cell density composed of spindle-shaped anaplastic cells arranged in interwoven bundles, distributed throughout the tissue extension and, occasionally, polygonal cells arranged in irregular fascicles. The Masson trichrome staining showed modest amount of collagen supporting the neoplastic cells. PAS-positive content was not observed in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells. Histological and histochemical findings indicated that it was a spindle cell neoplasm, but the classification was not possible. Immunohistochemistry was requested and performed using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. The markers used were anti-vimentin, anti-PCNA, anti-EMA, anti-melan A and anti-melanosome, anti-desmin, anti-actin, anti-CD68 and anti- S100protein. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for vimentin and PCNA and negative for the other antibodies. The morphology characterization, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of neoplastic cells allowed the definitive diagnosis of oral fibrosarcoma.(AU)

Uma serpente de cativeiro, fêmea, quatro anos de idade, do gênero Bothrops apresentou aumento de volume no lado esquerdo da cavidade oral, sugerindo tratar-se de neoplasma. A massa foi removida cirurgicamente e enviada para exame anatomopatológico. Dois meses depois foi observado novo aumento de volume no mesmo local, sugerindo recidiva. A lesão foi removida por completo e também enviada para análise. Histologicamente, as duas amostras consistiam de massa altamente celular, composta por células anaplásicas fusiformes organizadas em feixes entrelaçados e distribuídos por toda extensão tecidual e, ocasionalmente, células poligonais arranjadas em fascículos irregulares. A coloração de tricrômico de Masson apresentou quantidade modesta de colágeno sustentando as células neoplásicas. Não foi observado conteúdo PAS-positivo no citoplasma das células neoplásicas. Os achados histológicos e histoquímicos indicavam tratar-se de neoplasma de células fusiformes, porém não era possível sua classificação. A imuno-histoquímica foi requisitada e realizada pelo método streptavidina-biotina-peroxidase, utilizando os anticorpos anti-vimentina, anti-PCNA, Anti-EMA, anti-melan A, anti-HMB45, anti-desmina, anti-actina, anti-CD68 e anti-proteína S-100. As células neoplásicas foram imunorreativas para vimentina e PCNA e, negativas para os demais anticorpos. A caracterização morfológica, histoquímica e imuno-histoquímica das células neoplásicas permitiu o diagnóstico definitivo de fibrossarcoma oral.(AU)

Caracterização imuno-histoquímica das alterações encefálicas em bovinos com hepatopatia tóxica por Senecio sp / Immunohistochemical characterization of bovine brain lesions caused by Senecio sp

Intoxicação por Senecio spp. é causa importante de doença e morte em bovinos no Rio Grande do Sul e frequentemente cursa com manifestações clínicas neurológicas e alterações histológicas encefálicas. Foi efetuada avaliação histológica em fígado e encéfalo de dez bovinos naturalmente intoxicados por Senecio sp. e foram realizadas as técnicas de histoquímica de ácido periódico de Schiff e de imuno-histoquímica, com emprego dos anticorpos anti-proteína fibrilar ácida (GFAP), anti-proteína S100 e anti-vimentina em amostras de telencéfalo, tronco encefálico e cerebelo. Na histologia do SNC observou-se vacuolização discreta a acentuada em substância branca e/ou junção entre substância branca e cinzenta, caracterizada como degeneração esponjosa. Na avaliação histoquímica e imuno-histoquímica não houve diferenças significativas em relação aos achados em encéfalo de onze bovinos controle, adultos, sem alterações hepáticas e/ou encefálicas, avaliados pelas mesmas técnicas. (AU)

Senecio spp. poisoning is an important cause of illness and death of cattle in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and is often manifested by neurologic clinical signs and histological brain changes. Histological evaluation was performed on liver and brain samples of ten cattle naturally poisoned by Senecio sp. Samples of cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and immunohistochemistry was carried out, employing anti-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), anti-S100 protein and anti-vimentin antibodies. The histological finding in the brain included mild to severe vacuolation in the white matter and the junction of gray and white matter, characterized as spongy degeneration. Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining revealed no significant findings compared with the brains of eleven adult cattle without liver and/or brain changes used as controls. (AU)

Retrospective Study of Hepatic Neoplasms in Dogs (1999-2012)

Primary hepatic neoplasms (PHN) account for 0.6 to 1.5% of canine tumours and constitute a major portion of chronic liver disease. The canine hepatic neoplasms can be classified as hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma (HA/HCC), cholangiocellular adenoma/carcinoma (CCA/CCC), neuroendocrine carcinoma of tumors of mesenchymal origin, vascular or hematopoietic. Thus, because of its importance in veterinary oncology and hepatology, we performed a retrospective study of primary canine liver cancer in the Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, between 1999 and 2012. Was evaluated 6886 histopathological analysis, 106 (1.5%) were related to canine liver diseases, in which the tumors accounted for 27 cases (25.47%). Liver neoplasms, were classified as HA (2 cases -7.4%); CCA (5 cases - 18.5%); HCC (5 cases - 18.5%); CCC (6 cases - 22.2%) and 9 tumors of mesenchymal, hematopoietic or vascular (33.3%). Epidemiological data showed similarities to previously reported data, predominantly CCC, HCC and CCA in older animals and females.(AU)

ANÁLISE MORFOLÓGICA E IMUNOHISTOQUÍMICA DE PLACENTAS CANINAS PROVENIENTES DE EUTOCIA E DISTOCIA

A placentação e o desenvolvimento das membranas fetais na espécie canina atualmente são estudados de forma extensiva, já que o conhecimento da morfologia da placenta possibilita reconhecer corretamente alterações patológicas e sua possível correlação com a viabilidade neonatal. O presente estudo tem como objetivo a caracterização morfológica e imunohistoquímica de placentas de cadelas provenientes de eutocia e distocia. Para o desenvolvimento deste experimento foram coletadas 80 placentas, de acordo com o tipo de parto as placentas foram divididas em três grupos experimentais, GN (n=40) placentas obtidas de parto normal, GC (n=28) placentas obtidas de cesariana e GAUP (n=12) placentas obtidas de cadelas em atonia uterina primária. Fragmentos 1cm x 1cm foram seccionados da região próxima ao cordão umbilical e armazenados em formol tamponado 10% durante 48 horas, a seguir, foram transferidos para álcool 70%, no qual permaneceram até o processamento para o estudo histopatológico e imunohistoquímico. Foram reconhecidas áreas de hemorragia, necrose, inflamação e calcificação nas placentas dos três grupos estudados. A hemorragia no parênquima placentário foi identificada em todos os grupos experimentais, não apresentando diferença significativa. A necrose evidenciada junto a face materna foi uma constante nos grupos avaliados, entretanto foram observados na região lamelar focos e áreas de necrose no GC e GAUP, porém estes achados não foram estatisticamente relevantes quanto a comparação ao GN. A inflamação foi raramente observada no GN, esteve pouco presente no GC e predominou nas amostras placentárias do GAUP. Os focos de calcificação identificados foram mais notórios no GC e GAUP. Nos grupos estudados foram observadas alterações discretas quanto a integridade histológica dos hematomas marginais. Nas placentas GN a imunomarcação para vimentina mostrou-se intensa e homogênea em toda zona lamelar, fato não ocorrido nas placentas GC e GAUP, que apresentaram a imunomarcação caracterizada pela variação da intensidade. Para citoqueratina não houve diferença na análise da imunomarcação dos três grupos experimentais. A expressão de RP nas placentas GN e GC foi intensa, já GAUP demonstrou expressão fraca ou ausência de expressão. Nas condições em que este trabalho foi realizado utilizando a técnica de imunohistoquímica, não foi possível a detecção de RE¿ nas placentas dos três grupos experimentais Conclui-se que as alterações morfológicas encontradas nas placentas provenientes de eutocia e distocia, embora nunca antes mencionadas em literatura, podem ser consideradas como achados fisiológicos para a placenta da espécie em estudo. A expressão de receptores para progesterona em placentas provenientes de atonia uterina é fraca ou ausente quando comparada a intensa expressão encontrada nas placentas provenientes de parto normal e cesárea. Placentas caninas a termo podem não expressar receptores para estrógeno ¿

Placentation and the development of fetal membranes in dogs are currently studied extensively, since the knowledge of morphology of the placenta enables properly recognize pathological changes and its correlation with neonatal viability. We aimed to characterize morphologically and immunohistochemically placentas of bitches from eutocia and dystocia. For that 80 placentas were collected and classified according to the type of delivery into three experimental groups,GN (n = 40) placentas obtained from normal delivery, GC (n = 28) placentas obtained from cesarean section and GAUP (n = 12) placentas obtained from bitches with uterine atony. 1cm x 1cm pieces were cut from the region near the umbilical cord and stored in 10% buffered formalin for 48 hours following, were transferred to 70% alcohol, which remained until processing for histopathological and immunohistochemical study. In this research, areas of hemorrhage, necrosis, inflammation and calcification were observed in the placentas in all three groups. Hemorrhagic areas were identified in the placental parenchyma in all groups, without significant difference. The evident necrosis in the placenta maternal face was constant in the groups, we observe areas and spots of necrosis in the lamellar region in GC and GAUP, but those findings were not statistically significant when compared to GN. Inflammation was rarely observed in the GN and it was observed in a few samples in the GC, however it was predominant in samples from GAUP. Calcification spots were observed in GC and GAUP. In the studied groups, discrete alterations were observed when histological integrity of marginal hematomas was evaluated. In GN the immunostaining for vimentin proved to be intense and homogeneous throughout lamellar zone, however this was not observed in GC and GAUP, which presented immunostaining characterized by variation of intensity. For cytokeratin there was no difference between experimental groups. The RP expression in GN and GC was intense, but GAUP samples had weak or absent expression. In the conditions in which this work was carried out using the immunohistochemical technique, we could not detect RE¿ in placentas in all three experimental groups. We conclude that most of morphological changes observed in placentas from bitches in eutociaor dystocia, although never before mentioned in literature, can be considered as physiological findings. The expression of progesterone receptors in placentas from bitches in uterine atony is weak or absent when compared to the intense expression found in placentas from normal and cesarean delivery. Estrogen ¿ receptors expression wasn¿t observed in this study

Cutaneous nodular fasciitis in the dog. Morphological and immunohistochemical study

Nodular fasciitis is a benign soft tissue lesion commonly diagnosed in human beings, but with rare description in dogs and cats. A female, spayed, 7.5 years old, otherwise healthy Labrador was examined because of a nodular growth of rapid development in the infraorbital region. The histopathological examination from the excisional biopsy revealed a well circumscribed proliferation of plump and moderately pleomorphic fibroblasts and vascular proliferation with a small central area of degeneration. Nodular fasciitis was diagnosed and several months pos surgical excision, no recurrence was observed. This report illustrates an histologically well circumscribed lesion of cutaneous nodular fasciitis in a dog, similar to some lesions human beings and different from what is usually reported in veterinary patients.

Diagnóstico diferencial entre sarcoma histiocítico e tumor venéreo transmissível com disseminação extragenital – relato de caso / Differential diagnosis between histiocytic sarcoma and transmissible venereal tumor with extragenital dissemination – case report / Diagnóstico diferencial entre sarcoma histiocítico y tumor venéreo trasmisible con diseminación extragenital - relato de caso

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) e o sarcoma histiocítico (SH) são neoplasias malignas de células redondas e origem mesenquimal. Apesar das semelhanças, o comportamento tumoral, o prognóstico e o tratamento são muito distintos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de TVT com disseminação extragenital, cujo diagnóstico histopatológico inicial havia sido sugestivo de SH. A cadela foi submetida ao tratamento quimioterápico com doxorrubicina e apresentou remissão completa das lesões após quatro sessões, o que não era esperado para o SH. A revisão das características histológicas, associadas à marcação imuno-histoquímica positiva para vimentina e negativa para E-caderina, permitiu concluir que se tratava de um TVT de apresentação extragenital. Este trabalho evidencia a importância do uso de marcadores imuno-histoquímicos nos casos em que se suspeita de TVT com disseminação extragenital, principalmente naqueles em que o diagnóstico inicial não foi conclusivo.

The transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) and histiocytic sarcoma (HS) are both malignant round cell neoplasms that have mesenchymal origin. Despite the similarities, tumor behavior, prognosis and treatment are very different. This article reports a case of TVT with extragenital dissemination, with an initial histopathological diagnosis that was suggestive of HS. The dog was submitted to chemotherapy with doxorubicin and showed complete remission of lesions after four sessions, which was not expected for HS. A review of the histological features of the tumor, associated with positive immunohistochemical staining for vimentin and negative for E-cadherin, allowed us to conclude that it was an extragenital TVT. This paper shows the importance of immunohistochemical stainings in TVT cases with extragenital dissemination, mainly when initial diagnosis is not conclusive.

El tumor venéreo trasmisible (TVT o Tumor de Sticker) y el sarcoma histiocítico (SH) son tumores malignos de células redondas de origen mesenquimático. A pesar de ser semejantes, ambos tumores tienen diferentes comportamientos, pronósticos y tratamientos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo relatar un caso de TVT con diseminación extragenital, cuyo diagnóstico histopatológico inicial había sugierido la presencia de un SH. La perra recibió un tratamiento quimioterápico con doxorrubicina y tuvo remisión completa de las lesiones después de la cuarta sesión, hecho no esperado para un SH. La revisión histológica a través de marcación inmunohistoquímica, fue positiva para vimentina y negativa para E-caderina, permitiendo concluir que se trataba de un TVT de presentación extra genital. Este trabajo evidencia la importancia del uso de marcadores inmuno-histoquímicos en casos de TVT con diseminación extragenital, principalmente en casos en los que el diagnóstico inicial genera algún tipo de duda.

Diagnóstico diferencial entre sarcoma histiocítico e tumor venéreo transmissível com disseminação extragenital relato de caso / Differential diagnosis between histiocytic sarcoma and transmissible venereal tumor with extragenital dissemination case report / Diagnóstico diferencial entre sarcoma histiocítico y tumor venéreo trasmisible con diseminación extragenital - relato de caso

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) e o sarcoma histiocítico (SH) são neoplasias malignas de células redondas e origem mesenquimal. Apesar das semelhanças, o comportamento tumoral, o prognóstico e o tratamento são muito distintos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de TVT com disseminação extragenital, cujo diagnóstico histopatológico inicial havia sido sugestivo de SH. A cadela foi submetida ao tratamento quimioterápico com doxorrubicina e apresentou remissão completa das lesões após quatro sessões, o que não era esperado para o SH. A revisão das características histológicas, associadas à marcação imuno-histoquímica positiva para vimentina e negativa para E-caderina, permitiu concluir que se tratava de um TVT de apresentação extragenital. Este trabalho evidencia a importância do uso de marcadores imuno-histoquímicos nos casos em que se suspeita de TVT com disseminação extragenital, principalmente naqueles em que o diagnóstico inicial não foi conclusivo.(AU)

The transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) and histiocytic sarcoma (HS) are both malignant round cell neoplasms that have mesenchymal origin. Despite the similarities, tumor behavior, prognosis and treatment are very different. This article reports a case of TVT with extragenital dissemination, with an initial histopathological diagnosis that was suggestive of HS. The dog was submitted to chemotherapy with doxorubicin and showed complete remission of lesions after four sessions, which was not expected for HS. A review of the histological features of the tumor, associated with positive immunohistochemical staining for vimentin and negative for E-cadherin, allowed us to conclude that it was an extragenital TVT. This paper shows the importance of immunohistochemical stainings in TVT cases with extragenital dissemination, mainly when initial diagnosis is not conclusive.(AU)

El tumor venéreo trasmisible (TVT o Tumor de Sticker) y el sarcoma histiocítico (SH) son tumores malignos de células redondas de origen mesenquimático. A pesar de ser semejantes, ambos tumores tienen diferentes comportamientos, pronósticos y tratamientos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo relatar un caso de TVT con diseminación extragenital, cuyo diagnóstico histopatológico inicial había sugierido la presencia de un SH. La perra recibió un tratamiento quimioterápico con doxorrubicina y tuvo remisión completa de las lesiones después de la cuarta sesión, hecho no esperado para un SH. La revisión histológica a través de marcación inmunohistoquímica, fue positiva para vimentina y negativa para E-caderina, permitiendo concluir que se trataba de un TVT de presentación extra genital. Este trabajo evidencia la importancia del uso de marcadores inmuno-histoquímicos en casos de TVT con diseminación extragenital, principalmente en casos en los que el diagnóstico inicial genera algún tipo de duda.(AU)

Retrospective study of hepatic neoplasms in dogs (1999-2012)

Primary hepatic neoplasms (PHN) account for 0.6 to 1.5% of canine tumours and constitute a major portion of chronic liver disease. The canine hepatic neoplasms can be classified as hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma (HA/HCC), cholangiocellular adenoma/carcinoma (CCA/CCC), neuroendocrine carcinoma of tumors of mesenchymal origin, vascular or hematopoietic. Thus, because of its importance in veterinary oncology and hepatology, we performed a retrospective study of primary canine liver cancer in the Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, between 1999 and 2012. Was evaluated 6886 histopathological analysis, 106 (1.5%) were related to canine liver diseases, in which the tumors accounted for 27 cases (25.47%). Liver neoplasms, were classified as HA (2 cases -7.4%); CCA (5 cases - 18.5%); HCC (5 cases - 18.5%); CCC (6 cases - 22.2%) and 9 tumors of mesenchymal, hematopoietic or vascular (33.3%). Epidemiological data showed similarities to previously reported data, predominantly CCC, HCC and CCA in older animals and females.

Cutaneous nodular fasciitis in the dog. Morphological and immunohistochemical study

Nodular fasciitis is a benign soft tissue lesion commonly diagnosed in human beings, but with rare description in dogs and cats. A female, spayed, 7.5 years old, otherwise healthy Labrador was examined because of a nodular growth of rapid development in the infraorbital region. The histopathological examination from the excisional biopsy revealed a well circumscribed proliferation of plump and moderately pleomorphic fibroblasts and vascular proliferation with a small central area of degeneration. Nodular fasciitis was diagnosed and several months pos surgical excision, no recurrence was observed. This report illustrates an histologically well circumscribed lesion of cutaneous nodular fasciitis in a dog, similar to some lesions in human beings and different from what is usually reported in veterinary patients.

Immunohistochemical characterization of neoplasms of the urinary bladder associated with bovine enzootic hematuria / Caracterização imunoistoquímica de neoplasias de bexigas associadas à hematúria enzoótica bovina

Bovine enzootic hematuria is characterized by the development of hemangiomatous lesions from several types of neoplastic processes, from epithelial and mesenchymal origin. In this research the histogenesis of neoplastic lesions found in bladder of bovines with enzootic hematuria from Caparaó microregion in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil was determined. To accomplish this objective, immunohistochemical analysis was performed with primary antibodies: anti-vimentin, anti-cytokeratin, anti-CD31 and anti-uroplakin. Neoplasms found included urothelial carcinoma, in situ carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, myxoma e hemangiosarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin in epithelial neoplasms and vimentin in mesenchymal neoplasms was significant (p 0.05). CD31 was positive in all the vessels of all samples, however, the staining was significant (p 0.05) in the tumor endothelial cells of the vascular mesenchymal neoplasms, as in hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas. Uroplakin III staining was uneven in several neoplastic types and showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Most neoplasms showed an atypical uroplakin staining on urothelium and, in the case of hemangiosarcomas there was no staining of the urothelium at all. The Spearman statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation (r= 0.63, p= 0.05) between CD31 and vimentin and between cytokeratin and uroplaki

A hematúria enzoótica bovina é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de lesões hemangiomatosas relacionadas a diversos tipos de processos neoplásicos de origem epitelial e mesenquimal. O uso de biomarcadores pode auxiliar na classificação tumoral. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a histogênese das lesões neoplásicas encontradas em bexigas, de animais da microrregião do Caparaó, ES com hematúria enzoótica bovina. Para isto foi realizada a imunoistoquímica com os anticorpos primários: anti-vimentina, anti-citoqueratina, anti-CD31 e anti-uroplaquina. As neoplasias encontradas foram carcinoma urotelial, carcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, mixoma e hemangiossarcoma. As marcações da citoqueratina em neoplasias epiteliais e da vimentina em neoplasias mesenquimais foram significativas (p 0,05). CD31 mostrou positividade em todos os vasos de todas as amostras, no entanto, a marcação foi significativa (p 0,05) nas células endoteliais tumorais das neoplasias mesenquimais de origem vascular, como hemangiomas e hemangiossarcomas. A marcação da uroplaquina III foi diferente nos diversos tipos neoplásicos e não demonstrou diferença significativa (p>0,05). Em relação ao tipo de marcação no urotélio, observou-se que a maioria das neoplasias mostrou marcação atípica, entretanto, nos hemangiossarcomas não houve marcação do urotélio em nenhuma das amostras. A análise esta