Amputation of the front medial digit of a Holstein cow - successful parturition and milk production

Background: Diseases of the bovine digit and hoof remain major problems in dairy farming and the beef cow industry. Severe claudication accompanying swelling and pain at the lesion is often observed in deep digital sepsis, septic arthritis, severe sole ulcers, and chronic interdigital phlegmon. In addition, digital amputation is often performed in cases of white line disease or severe trauma, such as bone fractures. There are few reports of amputation of the medial digit of the bovine front hoof. In this case, amputation of the medial digit of the front leg of a pregnant cow was performed; its hospitalization and return to productivity is reported. Case: The bovine was a 9-year-old Holstein cow in the 6th month of pregnancy, weighing 671 kg. Upon admission, the cow could not bear weight on its right front leg, and swelling and a purulent discharge were observed in the coronary area of the medial digit. X-ray examination results indicated a periosteal reaction centered on the 3rd phalanx of the medial digit of its right front leg hoof and slight periosteal reactions at the adaxial sides of the middle and proximal phalanges, strongly suggestive of septic arthritis caused by infection. According to the X-ray examination results, no abnormalities of the lateral digit of the front right hoof were observed; thus, it was estimated that the post-amputation hoof would be able to bear weight. Therefore, a decision was made to perform immediate amputation of the medial digit of the right front leg hoof to reduce pain for improved delivery of the offspring and improved milk production during the lactation period, rather than allowing the lesion progress until the dry period or the expected date of delivery. According to the X-ray examination results, amputation of the 1st phalanx alone was expected to suffice for removal of the cause of the pain; thus, a decision was made to perform amputation at the edge adjacent to the 2nd phalanx. The right front medial digit was prepared for aseptic surgery, and infiltration anesthesia was performed. An incision was made with a surgical knife at the interdigit of the right front limb. A wire saw was inserted into the site to cut the 2nd phalanx in the anti-axial direction down to the skin to resect the lesion. White viscous pus was discharged at the resection site; therefore, the wound was lavaged with tap water and packed with povidone iodine-impregnated gauze. The wound was also covered with a diaper and dressed with non-elastic and elastic bandages. The dressing was changed daily to aid wound healing. No problems were observed in the standing-up motion or other relevant movements immediately after the surgery. Granulation tissue formed rapidly, approximately 2 weeks after the surgery, and the lesion dried gradually. Approximately one month after the surgery, the subject exhibited little difficulty in both standing up and walking. The subject successfully delivered its 7th offspring at the farm on postoperative day 93. Discussion: The animal of this study was a 9-year-old, pregnant cow, and although amputation of the front medial digit is a relatively rare procedure, the cow was able to deliver and return to production, owing to sufficient postoperative treatment and care. The case also demonstrated the advantage of X-ray examination in bovine hoof diseases for accurate diagnosis, precise operation, and prognostic assessment.

Eletrocussão em Preguiça-real (Choloepus didactylus) - abordagem clínica e cirúrgica / Electrocution in a sloth (Choloepus didactylus) - clinical and surgical approach

Background: High voltage electric shock causes serious injury to the body, which can lead to a fatal condition. Sloths are commonly the target of this type of accident and factors such as the degree of tissue impairment and late medical care can contribute to the death of the animal or the indication of euthanasia. In this way, the present study aims to describe the treatment strategies in Choloepus didactylus victim of high voltage electrocution. Case: A female sloth weighing 6.15 kg was treated at the Wild Animals Sector of the Veterinary Hospital (HV-SAS) of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) victim of high voltage electric shock with burn on the right side face, stomatitis, glossitis, lesions extensive and bullous lesions in the thoracic and pelvic limbs, in addition to an open fracture in the radioulnar joint of the left limb with signs of necrosis. After patient stabilization (fluid therapy, antibiotic therapy, pain control, cleaning and wound dressing), the patient was transfered to the impatient room. The main treatment strategies adopted were surgery, drug therapy, food and occupational therapy. The day after the patient's arrival, the amputation of the left thoracic limb was performed. On the third day of hospitalization, the right thoracic and pelvic limbs were also amputated, and on the tenth day, debridement of the right lateral face was performed. As for drug therapy, the following drugs were used postoperatively: ceftriaxone (40 mg/kg, BID, for 47 days), dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, BID, for 4 days), silymarin (15 mg/kg, BID, for 30 days), morphine (0.4 mg/kg, BID, for 14 days; 0.8 mg/kg, SID, for 22 days) and dressing wounds on the lateral face and surgical stumps with ointment of collagenase with chloramphenicol. In food management, the animal had good acceptance of a mixture of fruits, vegetables and animal protein in a pasty presentation. The treatment by occupational therapy included basic care such as exercising, sunbathing, and desensitizing the surgical stumps (massage therapy). In conclusion, after five months, the therapeutic protocol implemented resulted in the clinical improvement of the animal, as it allowed the complete healing of the lesions on the face and surgical stumps. In addition, the care taken with the surgical stumps allowed the animal to use them as support for its locomotion. Discussion: Amputation and debridement surgeries were effective in treating electrocuted patients and should be considered when tissue is compromised, which justifies the surgical protocol adopted in this study. They were based on reports in humans, since in wild animals, although many are victims of this type of trauma, little is known about the appropriate therapeutic approach for each species. Surgical interventions associated with the antibiotic ceftriaxone were efficient for controlling the infection, since this antibiotic has a broad spectrum of activity, being used mainly in skin and soft tissue and/or bone infections, which justified its use in that patient. As for nutritional therapy, supplementation with animal protein may have contributed to the clinical improvement of the animal, since they are excellent components for tissue recovery in patients who suffered losses from burns caused by electric shocks. Stump desensitization is indicated as a treatment for neuropathic pain in amputees, and in the present study, it was essential for the animal to use the limb for locomotion. The exercises in a grassy area associated with sunbathing added as a stimulus to the patient's movement.

Pelvic limb amputation in a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) traumatized by an agricultural harvester

Background: The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) returned to the category of vulnerable by the 2014 IUCN /SSC, due to the population reduction, less than 30%. The main reasons are: environmental degradation and fragmentation,being run over, burning, attacks by hunting dogs, illegal trade and diseases. It is very common to find these fractured patientsand the treatment is mostly surgical. Amputation is indicated when there are extensive lacerations and when reconstructivesurgery is not possible. The objective is to report a viable treatment option in fractured wild patients, contributing to thepreservation of the species.Case: It was received at the Veterinary Hospital Dr. Halim Atique - UNIRP an young female giant anteater (M. tridactyla)weighing 5.75 kg, brought by the Environmental Forestry Police of the municipality of São José do Rio Preto - SP, foundin the region of Olímpia at a gas station. The animal was traumatized by an agricultural harvester, with partial traumaticamputation in the left pelvic limb and tail. In the preoperative period, the patient was admitted to hospital under assistedcare, analgesia and all the necessary support for stabilization. High amputation was performed, with hip disarticulationand treatment of the tail wound, which was initially opted for healing in the first intention, where sutures were used toapproach the edges of the wound, but presented dehiscence and was treated as a second intention. There were almost 2months of care with specific food, cleaning of the enclosures, medications and dressings. After 57 days of hospitalization,the patient was transferred to the Municipal Zoo of São José do Rio Preto - SP, where it...(AU)

Pelvic limb amputation in a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) traumatized by an agricultural harvester

Background: The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) returned to the category of vulnerable by the 2014 IUCN /SSC, due to the population reduction, less than 30%. The main reasons are: environmental degradation and fragmentation,being run over, burning, attacks by hunting dogs, illegal trade and diseases. It is very common to find these fractured patientsand the treatment is mostly surgical. Amputation is indicated when there are extensive lacerations and when reconstructivesurgery is not possible. The objective is to report a viable treatment option in fractured wild patients, contributing to thepreservation of the species.Case: It was received at the Veterinary Hospital Dr. Halim Atique - UNIRP an young female giant anteater (M. tridactyla)weighing 5.75 kg, brought by the Environmental Forestry Police of the municipality of São José do Rio Preto - SP, foundin the region of Olímpia at a gas station. The animal was traumatized by an agricultural harvester, with partial traumaticamputation in the left pelvic limb and tail. In the preoperative period, the patient was admitted to hospital under assistedcare, analgesia and all the necessary support for stabilization. High amputation was performed, with hip disarticulationand treatment of the tail wound, which was initially opted for healing in the first intention, where sutures were used toapproach the edges of the wound, but presented dehiscence and was treated as a second intention. There were almost 2months of care with specific food, cleaning of the enclosures, medications and dressings. After 57 days of hospitalization,the patient was transferred to the Municipal Zoo of São José do Rio Preto - SP, where it...

Cirurgia reconstrutiva múltipla como alternativa à amputação de membro para o tratamento do tumor de bainha de nervo periférico em cão - relato de caso

O tumor de bainha de nervo periférico (TBNP) é um neoplasma incomum em cães, cujo tratamento de eleição envolve a remoção cirúrgica completa da neoformação com ampla margem de segurança. Em virtude do seu comportamento infiltrativo, a depender da localização anatômica, recomenda-se a amputação do membro, procedimento mutilante com repercussões clínicas importantes, como alterações deambulatórias, dentre outras. Neste contexto, objetiva-se com esse trabalho relatar o caso de uma cadela sem raça definida, diagnosticada com TBNP em membro pélvico esquerdo e submetida à ressecção completa da neoformação com ampla margem de segurança, seguida de reconstrução cirúrgica do membro, como alternativa à amputação do mesmo. A paciente apresentou 411 dias de sobrevida até o presente momento, e ausência de recidiva tumoral local. Desta forma, sugere-se que a excisão com ampla margem de segurança associada a reconstrução tecidual possa ser uma alternativa para o tratamento de animais com TBNP em localização apendicular.(AU)

The malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is an uncommon neoplasm in dogs, which treatment includes the complete surgical removal of the neoplasm with broad surgical margins. Due to its infiltrative behavior, limb amputation is generally recommended. However, limb amputation can be considered a mutilating procedure with important clinical consequences, as deambulatory abnormalities. In this context, the aim of this study was to report the case of a mongrel female dog, diagnosed with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the left pelvic limb. The animal was submitted to a complete removal of the neoplasm with broad surgical margins, followed by surgical reconstruction of the limb, as an alternative to the amputation. The patient presented survival time of 411 days, and absence of tumoral local recurrence. Thus, it is suggested that complete removal of the neoplasm with broad surgical margins, followed by surgical reconstruction of the limb is an alternative for amputation in animal with appendicular presentation of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.(AU)

Cirurgia reconstrutiva múltipla como alternativa à amputação de membro para o tratamento do tumor de bainha de nervo periférico em cão - relato de caso

O tumor de bainha de nervo periférico (TBNP) é um neoplasma incomum em cães, cujo tratamento de eleição envolve a remoção cirúrgica completa da neoformação com ampla margem de segurança. Em virtude do seu comportamento infiltrativo, a depender da localização anatômica, recomenda-se a amputação do membro, procedimento mutilante com repercussões clínicas importantes, como alterações deambulatórias, dentre outras. Neste contexto, objetiva-se com esse trabalho relatar o caso de uma cadela sem raça definida, diagnosticada com TBNP em membro pélvico esquerdo e submetida à ressecção completa da neoformação com ampla margem de segurança, seguida de reconstrução cirúrgica do membro, como alternativa à amputação do mesmo. A paciente apresentou 411 dias de sobrevida até o presente momento, e ausência de recidiva tumoral local. Desta forma, sugere-se que a excisão com ampla margem de segurança associada a reconstrução tecidual possa ser uma alternativa para o tratamento de animais com TBNP em localização apendicular.

The malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is an uncommon neoplasm in dogs, which treatment includes the complete surgical removal of the neoplasm with broad surgical margins. Due to its infiltrative behavior, limb amputation is generally recommended. However, limb amputation can be considered a mutilating procedure with important clinical consequences, as deambulatory abnormalities. In this context, the aim of this study was to report the case of a mongrel female dog, diagnosed with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the left pelvic limb. The animal was submitted to a complete removal of the neoplasm with broad surgical margins, followed by surgical reconstruction of the limb, as an alternative to the amputation. The patient presented survival time of 411 days, and absence of tumoral local recurrence. Thus, it is suggested that complete removal of the neoplasm with broad surgical margins, followed by surgical reconstruction of the limb is an alternative for amputation in animal with appendicular presentation of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

Enxerto pediculado de omento maior como adjuvante no tratamento de osteomielite de tíbia em cão - relato de caso / [Greater omentum pedicle flap as adjunctive treatment of tibial osteomyelitis in a dog - case report]

A osteomielite é um desafio terapêutico em ortopedia, capaz de retardar ou mesmo impedir a consolidação óssea. O omento, há anos, tem sido empregado como alternativa em diferentes procedimentos cirúrgicos, por sua capacidade, entre outras, de angiogênese, sendo aplicado na ortopedia veterinária quando há o risco de não união óssea. Neste caso, um cão Fila Brasileiro foi submetido à realização de enxerto com retalho pediculado de omento maior, após osteomielite resistente presente em osteossíntese de fratura múltipla de tíbia aberta grau II. Durante 16 dias, manteve-se a comunicação do retalho, mas, diante do risco de peritonite, o pedículo foi seccionado. Numa sequência de intervenções cirúrgicas, após 89 dias, houve cicatrização óssea e remissão da osteomielite, mesmo na presença de bactérias multirresistentes. Neste relato, o omento foi efetivo como terapia adjuvante no tratamento da osteomielite e garantiu o retorno da função do membro.(AU)

Osteomyelitis is a therapeutic challenge in orthopedics, capable of delaying or even preventing bone healing. The omentum has been used in different surgical procedures as an alternative for its capacity, among others, of angiogenesis, being applied in veterinary orthopedics, when there is a risk of non-union of bone. In this case, a Brazilian row dog was submitted to grafting with pedicle flap of greater omentum, after resistant osteomyelitis present in open fracture osteosynthesis of open tibia grade II. For 16 days the communication of the flap was maintained, but at the risk of peritonitis, the pedicle was sectioned. In a sequence of surgical interventions, after 89 days, there was bone healing and remission of osteomyelitis, even in the presence of multi-resistant bacteria. In this report, the omentum was effective as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of osteomyelitis and guaranteed the return of limb function.(AU)

Penectomia parcial como tratamento de paralisia crônica secundária a hematoma peniano em um equino relato de caso / Partial penectomy as treatment to secondary chronic paralysis of penile hematoma in a horse case report

O presente trabalho relata o caso de um equino da raça American Trotter, garanhão, com 10 anos de idade, apresentando lesão edematosa ao longo do corpo do pênis que apresentava desvio ventrocaudal associado a focos de ferimentos abrasivos e disfunção do movimento de retração em direção à cavidade prepucial, com diagnóstico clínico e ultrassonográfico de hematoma peniano generalizado. O tratamento clínico inicial se baseou em terapia anti-inflamatória, massagem, hidroterapia fria alternada com compressas quentes durante 5 dias consecutivos, porém sem melhora significativa da lesão. Optou-se então pela realização da técnica de penectomia parcial com incisão de pele e fáscia no aspecto ventral do pênis em formato triangular seguida de uretroplastia. O animal recebeu alta hospitalar 15 dias após o procedimento, com frequência e aspecto normais de micção, além de retorno à função de exposição e retração do pênis. A opção pela técnica cirúrgica de penectomia parcial mostrou ser uma alternativa eficiente, sendo um procedimento a se considerar no tratamento de hematoma associado à paralisia peniana crônica.(AU)~ipt

The present study reports the case of a 10-year-old American Trotter stallion, presenting edematous lesion along the body of the penis which presented ventrocaudal deviation associated with abrasive injury foci and dysfunction of retraction movement towards the preputial cavity, with clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of generalized penile hematoma. Initial clinical treatment was based on anti-inflammatory therapy, massage, cold hydrotherapy alternating with warm compresses for 5 consecutive days, but without significant improvement of the lesion. It was decided to perform the partial penectomy technique with skin and fascia triangular shaped incision in the ventral aspect of the penis followed by urethroplasty. The animal was discharged from the hospital 15 days after the procedure, with normal frequency and aspect of urination, in addition to returning to the function of exposure and retraction of the penis. The option for the partial penectomy surgical technique proved to be an efficient alternative, being a procedure to consider in the treatment of hematoma associated with chronic penile paralysis.(AU)

Penectomia parcial como tratamento de paralisia crônica secundária a hematoma peniano em um equino – relato de caso / Partial penectomy as treatment to secondary chronic paralysis of penile hematoma in a horse – case report

O presente trabalho relata o caso de um equino da raça American Trotter, garanhão, com 10 anos de idade, apresentando lesão edematosa ao longo do corpo do pênis que apresentava desvio ventrocaudal associado a focos de ferimentos abrasivos e disfunção do movimento de retração em direção à cavidade prepucial, com diagnóstico clínico e ultrassonográfico de hematoma peniano generalizado. O tratamento clínico inicial se baseou em terapia anti-inflamatória, massagem, hidroterapia fria alternada com compressas quentes durante 5 dias consecutivos, porém sem melhora significativa da lesão. Optou-se então pela realização da técnica de penectomia parcial com incisão de pele e fáscia no aspecto ventral do pênis em formato triangular seguida de uretroplastia. O animal recebeu alta hospitalar 15 dias após o procedimento, com frequência e aspecto normais de micção, além de retorno à função de exposição e retração do pênis. A opção pela técnica cirúrgica de penectomia parcial mostrou ser uma alternativa eficiente, sendo um procedimento a se considerar no tratamento de hematoma associado à paralisia peniana crônica.~ipt

The present study reports the case of a 10-year-old American Trotter stallion, presenting edematous lesion along the body of the penis which presented ventrocaudal deviation associated with abrasive injury foci and dysfunction of retraction movement towards the preputial cavity, with clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of generalized penile hematoma. Initial clinical treatment was based on anti-inflammatory therapy, massage, cold hydrotherapy alternating with warm compresses for 5 consecutive days, but without significant improvement of the lesion. It was decided to perform the partial penectomy technique with skin and fascia triangular shaped incision in the ventral aspect of the penis followed by urethroplasty. The animal was discharged from the hospital 15 days after the procedure, with normal frequency and aspect of urination, in addition to returning to the function of exposure and retraction of the penis. The option for the partial penectomy surgical technique proved to be an efficient alternative, being a procedure to consider in the treatment of hematoma associated with chronic penile paralysis.

Clinical and morphological justification of the treatment of purulonecrotic lesion in deep structures of limb distal segment in pig: case report / [Justificativa clínica e morfológica do tratamento de lesão purulonecrótica em estruturas profundas do segmento distal de membros em porco: relato de caso]

Surgical pathology of the musculoskeletal system, and in particular the diseases of the limb distal segment in pigs are quite common. Their significant spread leads to economic losses due to culling, compulsory slaughter, short-received pig production and pig crop. The purpose of this work was to reveal clinical and morphological features of limb distal segment diseases in pigs and to study the possibility of preserving their health and productivity. The conservative treatment of purulonecrotic lesions in the deep structures of the limb distal segment in pigs is not promising. It is shown that the best way to treat a given pathology is amputation of a sick limb. The technique of carrying out exarticulation of talus shin consists in separation of soft tissues, capsule and ligaments, ligation of vessels, formation of stump. The postoperative recovery period of the animal body is 25 days.(AU)

A patologia cirúrgica do sistema musculoesquelético e, em particular, as doenças do segmento distal dos membros em suínos são bastante comuns. A sua propagação significativa leva a perdas econômicas devido ao abate seletivo, abate obrigatório, produção de suínos pouco recebida e colheita de suínos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revelar características clínicas e morfológicas das doenças do segmento distal de membros em suínos e estudar a possibilidade de preservar sua saúde e produtividade. O tratamento conservador das lesões purulonecróticas nas estruturas profundas do segmento distal do membro em porcos não é promissor. Fica estabelecido que a melhor forma de tratar uma determinada patologia é a amputação de um membro doente. A técnica de realizar a exarticulação da canela do talos consiste na separação dos tecidos moles, cápsula e ligamentos, ligadura dos vasos, formação do coto. O período de recuperação pós-operatória do corpo do animal é de 25 dias.(AU)

Anestesia multimodal em agapornis personata submetido a amputação de asa / Multimodal anesthesia in Agapornis personata submitted to wing amputation

Existem poucos estudos para padronizar farmacologicamente o uso de drogas anestésica em aves, sendo comum serem encontradas diferentes condutas profissionais. O presente estudo relata um procedimento anestésico de um psitacídeo de 9 meses atendido no setor de Animais Silvestres e Exóticos do Hospital Veterinário da UFBA. A ave foi submetida a anestesia geral para amputação da asa esquerda, mantida sob anestesia inalatória com isufluorano via máscara orofacial, além de um protocolo pré-anestésico composto pelo butorfanol (1 mg/kg) e midazolam (0,4 mg/kg). A lidocaína sem vasoconstritor (2 mg/kg) foi utilizada na anestesia local para otimizar o procedimento. O animal foi monitorado durante todo o trans e pós-operatório, mantendo um plano anestésico adequado. A recuperação foi segura e relativamente rápida. O animal teve alta no mesmo dia, estando estável e alerta. O proprietário relatou que a ave não demonstrou sinais de dor, mantendo normal a ingestão de água e alimento menos de 24h após a alta. A partir do exposto, o processo anestésico foi bem-sucedido e o prognóstico é bom. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho contribui com dados importantes para a comunidade científica da área, visto que o protocolo anestésico em aves ainda é pouco relatado.

There are few studies to pharmacologically standardize the use of anesthetic drugs in birds, and it is common to find different professional behaviors. The present study reports an anesthetic procedure of a 9-month parrot attended at the Wild and Exotic Animals sector of the UFBA Veterinary Hospital. The bird underwent general anesthesia for left wing amputation, maintained under inhalation anesthesia with isufluorane via orofacial mask, in addition to a pre-anesthetic protocol consisting of butorphanol (1 mg / kg) and midazolam (0.4 mg / kg). Lidocaine without vasoconstrictor (2 mg / kg) was used in local anesthesia to optimize the procedure. The animal was monitored throughout the trans and postoperative periods, maintaining an adequate anesthetic plan. Recovery was safe and relatively fast. The animal was discharged on the same day, being stable and alert. The owner reported that the bird showed no signs of pain, maintaining normal food and water intake less than 24 hours after discharge. From the above, the anesthetic process was successful and the prognosis is good. Thus, the present study contributes important data to the scientific community in the area, since the anesthetic protocol in birds is still poorly reported.

Forelimb amputation and long-term follow-Up in a female donkey

Background: Limb amputation may be a life-saving procedure for animals and minimally impact their comfort and qualityof life, as previously reported in pets. This procedure is an appropriate alternative to euthanasia when catastrophic injury toa limb prevents its successful restoration. In horses, limb amputation has been performed for the past 40 years. Althoughin the reviewed literature there are no scientific reports of limb amputation in donkeys. This paper aimed to report a successful forelimb amputation and long-term follow-up in a female donkey.Case: A 10-month-old and 95 kg female Nordestino donkey was evaluated for a wound with bone exposition on the leftforelimb. Physical examination revealed that the donkey was alert with moderate body condition score, tachycardia, tachypnea, and a medial wound revealing the necrotic aspect of the left radius. Radiographic examination presented Salter-Harristype 1 exposed radius fracture. Hematology revealed normocytic and normochromic anemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia.Due to the catastrophic injury and no forecast for building a prosthesis, the donkey underwent general anesthesia for leftforelimb amputation through the midhumerus diaphysis. A fish-mouth skin incision was performed on the midhumerus,the underlying musculature was dissected and the vessels ligated until the bone could be accessed. Then, a sterile sawwire was used to transect it, and bone edges were rounded. Muscle and fascia were harvested with the skin to provideadditional padding at the end of the stump. Postoperatively, the donkey was submitted to broad spectrum antibiotic, antiinflammatory and analgesic therapy, and tetanus prophylaxis. Preventative treatment for overload laminitis included frogsupport pads and resting leagues on all three legs. No short-term complications were observed and the donkey made a fullrecovery. Long-term complications included fistula formation on the stump, and distal interphalangeal joint...

Forelimb amputation and long-term follow-Up in a female donkey

Background: Limb amputation may be a life-saving procedure for animals and minimally impact their comfort and qualityof life, as previously reported in pets. This procedure is an appropriate alternative to euthanasia when catastrophic injury toa limb prevents its successful restoration. In horses, limb amputation has been performed for the past 40 years. Althoughin the reviewed literature there are no scientific reports of limb amputation in donkeys. This paper aimed to report a successful forelimb amputation and long-term follow-up in a female donkey.Case: A 10-month-old and 95 kg female Nordestino donkey was evaluated for a wound with bone exposition on the leftforelimb. Physical examination revealed that the donkey was alert with moderate body condition score, tachycardia, tachypnea, and a medial wound revealing the necrotic aspect of the left radius. Radiographic examination presented Salter-Harristype 1 exposed radius fracture. Hematology revealed normocytic and normochromic anemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia.Due to the catastrophic injury and no forecast for building a prosthesis, the donkey underwent general anesthesia for leftforelimb amputation through the midhumerus diaphysis. A fish-mouth skin incision was performed on the midhumerus,the underlying musculature was dissected and the vessels ligated until the bone could be accessed. Then, a sterile sawwire was used to transect it, and bone edges were rounded. Muscle and fascia were harvested with the skin to provideadditional padding at the end of the stump. Postoperatively, the donkey was submitted to broad spectrum antibiotic, antiinflammatory and analgesic therapy, and tetanus prophylaxis. Preventative treatment for overload laminitis included frogsupport pads and resting leagues on all three legs. No short-term complications were observed and the donkey made a fullrecovery. Long-term complications included fistula formation on the stump, and distal interphalangeal joint...(AU)

Anestesia multimodal em Agapornis personata submetido a amputação de asa / Multimodal anesthesia in Agapornis personata submitted to wing amputation

Existem poucos estudos para padronizar farmacologicamente o uso de drogas anestésica em aves, sendo comum serem encontradas diferentes condutas profissionais. O presente estudo relata um procedimento anestésico de um psitacídeo de 9 meses atendido no setor de Animais Silvestres e Exóticos do Hospital Veterinário da UFBA. A ave foi submetida a anestesia geral para amputação da asa esquerda, mantida sob anestesia inalatória com isufluorano via máscara orofacial, além de um protocolo pré-anestésico composto pelo butorfanol (1 mg/kg) e midazolam (0,4 mg/kg). A lidocaína sem vasoconstritor (2 mg/kg)foi utilizada na anestesia local para otimizar o procedimento. O animal foi monitorado durante todo o trans e pós-operatório, mantendo um plano anestésico adequado. A recuperação foi segura e relativamente rápida. O animal teve alta no mesmo dia, estando estável e alerta. O proprietário relatou que a ave não demonstrou sinais de dor, mantendo normal a ingestão de água e alimento menos de 24h após a alta. A partir do exposto, o processo anestésico foi bem-sucedido e o prognóstico é bom. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho contribui com dados importantes para a comunidade científica da área, visto que o protocolo anestésico em aves ainda é pouco relatado.(AU)

There are few studies to pharmacologically standardize the use of anesthetic drugs in birds, and it is common to find different professional behaviors. The present study reports ananesthetic procedure of a 9-month parrot attended at the Wild and Exotic Animals sector of the UFBA Veterinary Hospital. The bird underwent general anesthesia for left wing amputation, maintained under inhalation anesthesia with isufluorane via orofacial mask, inaddition to a pre-anesthetic protocol consisting of butorphanol (1 mg / kg) and midazolam(0.4 mg / kg). Lidocaine without vasoconstrictor (2 mg / kg) was used in local anesthesia to optimize the procedure. The animal was monitored throughout the trans and postoperative periods, maintaining an adequate anesthetic plan. Recovery was safe and relatively fast. The animal was discharged on the same day, being stable and alert. The owner reported that the bird showed no signs of pain, maintaining normal food and water intake less than 24 hours after discharge. From the above, the anesthetic process was successful and the prognosis is good. Thus, the present study contributes important data to the scientific community in the area, since the anesthetic protocol in birds is still poorly reported.(AU)

Osteomielite causada por Escherichia coli E Bacillus spp. em papagaio verdadeiro - relato de caso / Osteomyelitis caused by Escherichia coli and Bacillus spp. in blue-fronted parrot - case report

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever um caso de osteomielite em papagaio verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva,) com fratura no membro pélvico esquerdo, acompanhada de osteólise, que foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop-MT. Após exames clínicos, radiográficos, cultura bacteriana e antibiograma, confirmou-se o diagnóstico de osteomielite, causada pelas bactérias Escherichia coli e Bacillus spp. A osteomielite é um processo inflamatório, acompanhado de destruição óssea, causada por um microrganismo infectante e que pode ser encontrada nas formas aguda e crônica. O diagnóstico da osteomielite depende, não só de achados radiográficos, mas de outros exames como cultura e antibiograma. No presente caso, Escherichia coli mostrou-se sensível a todos os antibacterianos utilizados; mas Bacillus spp. mostrou-se resistente a alguns dos antibacterianos utilizados: Enrofloxacina, Ampicilina, Cloranfenicol, Tetraciclina, Norfloxacin e Ciprofloxacina. O tratamento escolhido para o caso foi amputação do membro acometido. Esta é a primeira descrição da ocorrência de osteomielite causada pela bactéria Escherichia coli e Bacillus spp. em um papagaio verdadeiro no estado do Mato Grosso.

The objective is to describe a case of osteomyelitis of a Blue-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) with fractured left pelvic member accompanied of osteolysis, which was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop-MT. After clinical examination, radiographic, bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing, was confirmed the diagnosis of osteomyelitis caused by Escherichia coli and Bacillus spp. Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process accompanied by bone destruction caused by an infectious microorganism, can be found in acute and chronic forms. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis depends not only on radiographic findings but other tests such as culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. In this case Escherichia coli was sensitive to all antimicrobial used, but Bacillus spp. was resistant to some of antibacterials used: Enrofloxacin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The treatment chosen for the case was amputation of the affected limb. This is the first description of the occurrence of osteomyelitis caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli and Bacillus spp. in a Blue-fronted Parrot in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Transverse terminal humeral bilateral hemimelia in a dog case report / Hemimelia transversa terminal umeral bilateral em um cão relato de caso

Hemimelia is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by the absence of a part or the whole distal segment of a body member. It is usually unilateral and is classified according to the affected bone segments. In the transverse terminal hemimelia, there is the absence of the whole distal part of a body member, what is defined as congenital amputation. Several studies about cats and dogs concluded that radial hemimelia is the most usual. However, other types of this anomaly are rarely observed in dogs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report a case of transverse terminal humeral bilateral hemimelia in a mixed-breed dog. In the physical exam was observed a bilateral malformation of the thoracic members. The radiographs revealed the presence of a well-developed scapula, humeral vestiges and the absence of other appendicular segments on the right and left antimeres, what made the hemimelia diagnosis possible. Consanguinity was the probable cause of the anomaly. Because of the scarcity of scientific reports about this pathology in dogs, further studies are needed to investigate the here observed.

Hemimelia é uma rara anomalia congênita caracterizada pela ausência de parte ou todo o segmento distal de um membro, de ocorrência geralmente unilateral e classificada de acordo com os segmentos ósseos afetados. Na hemimelia transversa terminal toda a porção distal de um membro está ausente, sendo definida como amputação congênita. Diversos estudos em cães e gatos reportam a hemimelia radial, sendo esta a forma mais frequente. Não obstante, raras são as abordagens em cães acerca das demais apresentações da hemimelia. Assim, este estudo objetiva relatar um caso de hemimelia transversa terminal umeral bilateral em um cão mestiço. No exame físico, observou-se má formação dos membros torácicos. As imagens radiográficas revelaram nos antímeros direito e esquerdo a presença de escápula desenvolvida, resquícios umerais e ausência dos demais segmentos apendiculares, permitindo assim o diagnóstico de hemimelia. Como causa provável constou apenas o fator de consanguinidade. Devido escassez de abordagens científicas acerca deste tipo de patologia em cães, demais estudos são necessários para investigar o aqui observado.

Osteomielite causada por Escherichia coli E Bacillus spp. em papagaio verdadeiro - relato de caso / Osteomyelitis caused by Escherichia coli and Bacillus spp. in blue-fronted parrot - case report

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever um caso de osteomielite em papagaio verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva,) com fratura no membro pélvico esquerdo, acompanhada de osteólise, que foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop-MT. Após exames clínicos, radiográficos, cultura bacteriana e antibiograma, confirmou-se o diagnóstico de osteomielite, causada pelas bactérias Escherichia coli e Bacillus spp. A osteomielite é um processo inflamatório, acompanhado de destruição óssea, causada por um microrganismo infectante e que pode ser encontrada nas formas aguda e crônica. O diagnóstico da osteomielite depende, não só de achados radiográficos, mas de outros exames como cultura e antibiograma. No presente caso, Escherichia coli mostrou-se sensível a todos os antibacterianos utilizados; mas Bacillus spp. mostrou-se resistente a alguns dos antibacterianos utilizados: Enrofloxacina, Ampicilina, Cloranfenicol, Tetraciclina, Norfloxacin e Ciprofloxacina. O tratamento escolhido para o caso foi amputação do membro acometido. Esta é a primeira descrição da ocorrência de osteomielite causada pela bactéria Escherichia coli e Bacillus spp. em um papagaio verdadeiro no estado do Mato Grosso.(AU)

The objective is to describe a case of osteomyelitis of a Blue-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) with fractured left pelvic member accompanied of osteolysis, which was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop-MT. After clinical examination, radiographic, bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing, was confirmed the diagnosis of osteomyelitis caused by Escherichia coli and Bacillus spp. Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process accompanied by bone destruction caused by an infectious microorganism, can be found in acute and chronic forms. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis depends not only on radiographic findings but other tests such as culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. In this case Escherichia coli was sensitive to all antimicrobial used, but Bacillus spp. was resistant to some of antibacterials used: Enrofloxacin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The treatment chosen for the case was amputation of the affected limb. This is the first description of the occurrence of osteomyelitis caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli and Bacillus spp. in a Blue-fronted Parrot in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.(AU)

Transverse terminal humeral bilateral hemimelia in a dog case report / Hemimelia transversa terminal umeral bilateral em um cão relato de caso

Hemimelia is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by the absence of a part or the whole distal segment of a body member. It is usually unilateral and is classified according to the affected bone segments. In the transverse terminal hemimelia, there is the absence of the whole distal part of a body member, what is defined as congenital amputation. Several studies about cats and dogs concluded that radial hemimelia is the most usual. However, other types of this anomaly are rarely observed in dogs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report a case of transverse terminal humeral bilateral hemimelia in a mixed-breed dog. In the physical exam was observed a bilateral malformation of the thoracic members. The radiographs revealed the presence of a well-developed scapula, humeral vestiges and the absence of other appendicular segments on the right and left antimeres, what made the hemimelia diagnosis possible. Consanguinity was the probable cause of the anomaly. Because of the scarcity of scientific reports about this pathology in dogs, further studies are needed to investigate the here observed.(AU)

Hemimelia é uma rara anomalia congênita caracterizada pela ausência de parte ou todo o segmento distal de um membro, de ocorrência geralmente unilateral e classificada de acordo com os segmentos ósseos afetados. Na hemimelia transversa terminal toda a porção distal de um membro está ausente, sendo definida como amputação congênita. Diversos estudos em cães e gatos reportam a hemimelia radial, sendo esta a forma mais frequente. Não obstante, raras são as abordagens em cães acerca das demais apresentações da hemimelia. Assim, este estudo objetiva relatar um caso de hemimelia transversa terminal umeral bilateral em um cão mestiço. No exame físico, observou-se má formação dos membros torácicos. As imagens radiográficas revelaram nos antímeros direito e esquerdo a presença de escápula desenvolvida, resquícios umerais e ausência dos demais segmentos apendiculares, permitindo assim o diagnóstico de hemimelia. Como causa provável constou apenas o fator de consanguinidade. Devido escassez de abordagens científicas acerca deste tipo de patologia em cães, demais estudos são necessários para investigar o aqui observado.(AU)

Parafimose em touro com lesão da extremidade livre do pênis como intercorrência da enfermidade acropostite relato de caso / Paraphimosis in bull with lesion of the free end of the penis as a complication of acropostite disease - case report

As particularidades morfológicas e anatômicas de touros podem predispor à ocorrência de enfermidades acometendo a genitália externa, dentre as quais a acropostite é considerada a de maior importância. O estudo relata um caso de acropostite em que o animal, além dos sinais clínicos normais da enfermidade, apresentou exposição peniana permanente, característico de parafimose. Informações sobre a epidemiologia, fatores de risco, diagnóstico e tratamento foram apresentados. Fragmentos das áreas lesionadas foram colhidos e encaminhados para exame histopatológico. Verificou-se hiperplasia pseudocarcinomatosa acentuada da camada espinhosa associada a crostas serocelulares superficiais. A técnica cirúrgica mostrou-se eficiente e passível de ser realizada a campo. (AU)

The morphological and anatomical characteristics of bulls may predispose to the occurrence of diseases affecting the external genitalia, among which acropostite is considered the most important. The study reports a case of acropostite where the animal, beyond the normal clinical signs of the disease, presented permanent penile exposure, characteristic of paraphimosis. Information on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment were presented. Fragments of injured areas were collected and sent for histopathological examination. It was verified pronounced pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia on superficial spinous layer with serocelulares crusts. The surgical technique was efficient and able to be carried out in the field. (AU)

Parafimose em touro com lesão da extremidade livre do pênis como intercorrência da enfermidade acropostite – relato de caso / Paraphimosis in bull with lesion of the free end of the penis as a complication of acropostite disease - case report

As particularidades morfológicas e anatômicas de touros podem predispor à ocorrência de enfermidades acometendo a genitália externa, dentre as quais a acropostite é considerada a de maior importância. O estudo relata um caso de acropostite em que o animal, além dos sinais clínicos normais da enfermidade, apresentou exposição peniana permanente, característico de parafimose. Informações sobre a epidemiologia, fatores de risco, diagnóstico e tratamento foram apresentados. Fragmentos das áreas lesionadas foram colhidos e encaminhados para exame histopatológico. Verificou-se hiperplasia pseudocarcinomatosa acentuada da camada espinhosa associada a crostas serocelulares superficiais. A técnica cirúrgica mostrou-se eficiente e passível de ser realizada a campo.

The morphological and anatomical characteristics of bulls may predispose to the occurrence of diseases affecting the external genitalia, among which acropostite is considered the most important. The study reports a case of acropostite where the animal, beyond the normal clinical signs of the disease, presented permanent penile exposure, characteristic of paraphimosis. Information on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment were presented. Fragments of injured areas were collected and sent for histopathological examination. It was verified pronounced pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia on superficial spinous layer with serocelulares crusts. The surgical technique was efficient and able to be carried out in the field.