Study on the mechanisms of Suaeda rigida polysaccharides on the heart inhibition and skeletal muscle promotion in the frog / [Estudo sobre os mecanismos dos polissacarídeos de Suaeda rigida na inibição do coração e promoção da musculatura esquelética no sapo]

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Suaeda rigida polysaccharides (SRPs) on the physiological characteristics of the frog heart and gastrocnemius muscle, compare their similarities and differences, and analyze the mechanisms. CaCl2 and acetylcholine (Ach) were selected respectively to be co-incubated with the high concentration SRPs to observe the effects on the heart contraction of frog. The effects of different concentrations of the SRPs on the activities of acetylcholinesterase (A-CHE), Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in the isolated frog heart were detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The gastrocnemius muscle was immersed in the high concentration of SRPs for 10 min, and the systolic indexes were recorded. The effects of SRPs on the Ach content and A-CHE activity at the sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius junction were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the SRPs had significant inhibitory effects on the contractile amplitude of isolated heart and the contractile amplitude induced by CaCl2 and Ach, respectively (P<0.01). The activity of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase was significantly promoted, and the activity of A-CHE was significantly inhibited (P<0.01). The contraction amplitude, contraction rate, relaxation rate of gastrocnemius muscle and the Ach content at the junction of sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius muscle were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the activity of A-CHE at the junction was significantly inhibited (P<0.01) by the SRPs. All the results suggested that the SRPs could inhibit the contraction of heart and promote the contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle. The mechanism was related to blocking the fast INa channel, inhibiting the ICa-L and activating the M receptors of myocardial membrane and then inhibiting external Ca2+ influx, increasing Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity, decreasing a-che activity.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de Suaeda rigida polissacarídeos (SRPs) sobre as características fisiológicas do coração de rã e do músculo gastrocnêmio, comparar suas semelhanças e diferenças, e analisar os mecanismos. CaCl2 e acetilcolina (Ach) foram selecionados respectivamente para serem co-incubados com os SRPs de alta concentração para observar os efeitos sobre a contração do coração de rã. Os efeitos das diferentes concentrações dos SRPs sobre as atividades da acetilcolinesterase (A-CHE), Na+-K+-ATPase e Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase no coração isolado de rã foram detectados pela espectrofotometria UV-Vis. O músculo gastrocnêmio foi imerso na alta concentração de SRP por 10 min, e os índices sistólicos foram registrados. Os efeitos das SRPs no conteúdo de Ach e na atividade de A-CHE na junção nervo-gastrocnêmio ciático foram determinados pela espectrofotometria UV-Vis e pelo ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimática (ELISA). Os resultados mostraram que os SRPs tiveram efeitos inibidores significativos sobre a amplitude contrátil do coração isolado e a amplitude contrátil induzida por CaCl2 e Ach, respectivamente (P<0,01). A atividade do Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase foi significativamente promovida e a atividade do A-CHE foi significativamente inibida (P<0,01). A amplitude de contração, a taxa de contração, a taxa de relaxamento do músculo gastrocnêmio e o conteúdo de Ach na junção do músculo nervo ciático-gastrocnêmio foram significativamente aumentados (P<0,01), e a atividade do A-CHE na junção foi significativamente inibida (P<0,01) pelas SRPs. Todos os resultados sugeriram que os SRPs poderiam inibir a contração do coração e promover a contração e o relaxamento do músculo esquelético. O mecanismo estava relacionado ao bloqueio do canal INa rápido, inibindo a ICa-L e ativando os receptores M da membrana miocárdica e depois inibindo o influxo externo de Ca2+, aumentando a atividade de Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, diminuindo a atividade a-che.

The effects of 1a(OH)D3 individually or in combination with phytase, and different levels of cholecalciferol on performance, tibia criteria, and plasma minerals of Japanese quails

The aim of studywas to compare efficacy of 1-α(OH)D3alone or in combination with phytase and 1-α(OH)D3in combination of phytase and different concentration of cholecalciferol on performance, tibia parameters,andplasma minerals of quails fed Ca-P deficient diet. A total of 280 mixed sex 5-d-old quails were allocated to 7 treatments with 5 replicates.The vitamin supplement which incorporated to basal diet did not contain cholecalciferol.The dietary treatments were as follows: Ca-P deficient diet (basal diet); basal diet + 500 FTU phytase/kg of diet; basal diet + phytase + 5 µg of 1-α(OH)D3kg-1of diet;basal diet + phytase + 5 µg of 1-α(OH)D3and 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 IU of cholecalciferol kg-1of diet. The highest final body weight and the best feed conversion ratioobtained in the group supplemented with 1,000 IU cholecalciferol kg-1of diet (p < 0.05). Supplementation of 1-α(OH)D3 alone or in combination with phytase and phytase and different concentration of cholecalciferol could improve tibia parameters (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of 1-α(OH)D3alone to Ca-P deficient diet could maximize tibia mineralization, whereas it couldn't maximize performance, performance criteria were maximized by supplementation of 1,000 IU cholecalciferol kg-1of diet.(AU)

Regulation of HIF-1α and p53 in stress responses in the subterranean rodents Lasiopodomys mandarinus and Lasiopodomys brandtii (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

The response mechanism and interaction patterns of HIF-1α and p53 in animals in an hypoxic environment are crucial for their hypoxic tolerance and adaptation. Many studies have shown that underground rodents have better hypoxic adaptation characteristics. However, the mechanism by which HIF-1α and p53 in underground rodents respond to hypoxic environments compared with in ground rodents remains unclear. Further, whether a synergy between HIF-1α and p53 enables animals tolerate extremely hypoxic environments is unclear. We studied HIF-1α and p53 expression in the brain tissue and cell apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region during 6 hours of acute hypoxia (5% oxygen) in Lasiopodomys mandarinus (Milne-Edwards, 1871) and Lasiopodomys brandtii (Radde, 1861), two closely related small rodents with different life characteristics (underground and aboveground, respectively), using a comparative biology method to determine the mechanisms underlying their adaptation to this environment. Our results indicate that HIF-1α and p53 expression is more rapid in L. mandarinus than in L. brandtii under acute hypoxic environments, resulting in a significant synergistic effect in L. mandarinus. Correlation analysis revealed that HIF-1α expression and the apoptotic index of the hippocampal CA1 regions of the brain tissues of L. mandarinus and L. brandtii, both under hypoxia, were significantly negatively and positively correlated, respectively. Long-term existence in underground burrow systems could enable better adaptation to hypoxia in L. mandarinus than in L. brandtii. We speculate that L. mandarinus can quickly eliminate resulting damage via the synergistic effect of p53 and HIF-1α in response to acute hypoxic environments, helping the organism quickly return to a normal state after the stress.

Regulation of HIF-1 and p53 in stress responses in the subterranean rodents Lasiopodomys mandarinus and Lasiopodomys brandtii (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

ABSTRACT The response mechanism and interaction patterns of HIF-1 and p53 in animals in an hypoxic environment are crucial for their hypoxic tolerance and adaptation. Many studies have shown that underground rodents have better hypoxic adaptation characteristics. However, the mechanism by which HIF-1 and p53 in underground rodents respond to hypoxic environments compared with in ground rodents remains unclear. Further, whether a synergy between HIF-1 and p53 enables animals tolerate extremely hypoxic environments is unclear. We studied HIF-1 and p53 expression in the brain tissue and cell apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region during 6 hours of acute hypoxia (5% oxygen) in Lasiopodomys mandarinus (Milne-Edwards, 1871) and Lasiopodomys brandtii (Radde, 1861), two closely related small rodents with different life characteristics (underground and aboveground, respectively), using a comparative biology method to determine the mechanisms underlying their adaptation to this environment. Our results indicate that HIF-1 and p53 expression is more rapid in L. mandarinus than in L. brandtii under acute hypoxic environments, resulting in a significant synergistic effect in L. mandarinus. Correlation analysis revealed that HIF-1 expression and the apoptotic index of the hippocampal CA1 regions of the brain tissues of L. mandarinus and L. brandtii, both under hypoxia, were significantly negatively and positively correlated, respectively. Long-term existence in underground burrow systems could enable better adaptation to hypoxia in L. mandarinus than in L. brandtii. We speculate that L. mandarinus can quickly eliminate resulting damage via the synergistic effect of p53 and HIF-1 in response to acute hypoxic environments, helping the organism quickly return to a normal state after the stress.

Regulation of HIF-1α and p53 in stress responses in the subterranean rodents Lasiopodomys mandarinus and Lasiopodomys brandtii (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

The response mechanism and interaction patterns of HIF-1α and p53 in animals in an hypoxic environment are crucial for their hypoxic tolerance and adaptation. Many studies have shown that underground rodents have better hypoxic adaptation characteristics. However, the mechanism by which HIF-1α and p53 in underground rodents respond to hypoxic environments compared with in ground rodents remains unclear. Further, whether a synergy between HIF-1α and p53 enables animals tolerate extremely hypoxic environments is unclear. We studied HIF-1α and p53 expression in the brain tissue and cell apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region during 6 hours of acute hypoxia (5% oxygen) in Lasiopodomys mandarinus (Milne-Edwards, 1871) and Lasiopodomys brandtii (Radde, 1861), two closely related small rodents with different life characteristics (underground and aboveground, respectively), using a comparative biology method to determine the mechanisms underlying their adaptation to this environment. Our results indicate that HIF-1α and p53 expression is more rapid in L. mandarinus than in L. brandtii under acute hypoxic environments, resulting in a significant synergistic effect in L. mandarinus. Correlation analysis revealed that HIF-1α expression and the apoptotic index of the hippocampal CA1 regions of the brain tissues of L. mandarinus and L. brandtii, both under hypoxia, were significantly negatively and positively correlated, respectively. Long-term existence in underground burrow systems could enable better adaptation to hypoxia in L. mandarinus than in L. brandtii. We speculate that L. mandarinus can quickly eliminate resulting damage via the synergistic effect of p53 and HIF-1α in response to acute hypoxic environments, helping the organism quickly return to a normal state after the stress.(AU)

Silicon as an acidity corrective associated with Azospirillum brasilense to improve nitrogen management and wheat profitability / Silício como corretivo de acidez associado ao Azospirillum brasilense para aumentar a eficiência da adubação nitrogenada e rentabilidade do trigo

This research aimed to study a possible synergistic effect with inoculation with A. brasilense and N doses, associated with the application of silicon in acidity corrective form, evaluating the grain yield of irrigated wheat in Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, MS, Brazil, under a no-till system, on a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Oxisol). The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with four replications, in a 2 × 5 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two soil corrective sources (dolomitic limestone and Ca and Mg silicate as source of Si); five N doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1) applied in topdressing; and with and without inoculation with A. brasilense. Inoculation makes wheat production more profitable, irrespective of N doses and corrective sources. The N dose of 139 kg ha-1 with dolomitic limestone associated with inoculation of A. brasilense provided the greatest grain yield. However, the highest economic return was obtained at the N dose of 100 kg ha-1, with dolomitic limestone application and inoculation.(AU)

O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar um possível efeito sinérgico entre inoculação com A. brasilense e doses de N, associadas à aplicação de silício na forma de corretivo de acidez, avaliando-se economicamente a produtividade de grãos de trigo irrigado em região de Cerrado. O experimento foi conduzido em Selvíria, MS, Brasil, em sistema plantio direto, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 × 5 × 2, sendo duas fontes de corretivo de solo (calcário dolomítico e silicato de Ca e Mg como fonte de Si); cinco doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1) aplicados em cobertura; com e sem inoculação com A. brasilense. A inoculação propiciou maior lucratividade na produção de trigo, independentemente das doses de N e fontes de corretivo. A dose de N de 139 kg ha-1 com calcário dolomítico, associado à inoculação com A. brasilense propiciou maior produtividade de grãos. Entretanto, o maior retorno econômico foi obtido na dose de 100 kg ha-1, com aplicação de calcário dolomítico e inoculação.(AU)

Assessment of 47Ca Distribution and Biological Half-Life in Japanese Quail Chicks

A study was conducted to assess 47Calcium (47Ca) distribution and biological half-life in different body organs of Japanese quail chicks. A total of 85, 4 week old chicks, were dosed with 1ml/chick volume of 1% (w/v) CaCl2 solution containing 7.51x10-08 Ci 47Ca which is equivalent to 1.27x10-13 g. 47Ca activity, in terms of decay per minute (DPM), was measured in different body organs at 12 hours time intervals, after 24 hours from ingestion for five days. The total activity of 47Ca for each organ and activity per gram of organ (D.min-1.g-1) was calculated. Data were Statistically analyzed using completely randomized design (CRD), one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) as per the procedure given by SPSS (2002), 9.0 version for Windows. The results obtained indicated that following 47Ca administration most of the total 47Ca concentration was found in the bones with count rates of 110267±550 DPM. While in the fifth day following administration, most of the 47Ca was found in the feathers with a total activity of 13322±760 DPM. The biological half-life time was found to be highest in the heart and kidneys, respectively compared to the other body organs. In conclusion, the current results suggest that the main excretory pathway for Ca is through the skin. Regarding organ dependency on Ca for the normal functioning, the results obtained in our study suggest that the heart is the most dependent organ on Ca.(AU)

Assessment of 47Ca Distribution and Biological Half-Life in Japanese Quail Chicks

A study was conducted to assess 47Calcium (47Ca) distribution and biological half-life in different body organs of Japanese quail chicks. A total of 85, 4 week old chicks, were dosed with 1ml/chick volume of 1% (w/v) CaCl2 solution containing 7.51x10-08 Ci 47Ca which is equivalent to 1.27x10-13 g. 47Ca activity, in terms of decay per minute (DPM), was measured in different body organs at 12 hours time intervals, after 24 hours from ingestion for five days. The total activity of 47Ca for each organ and activity per gram of organ (D.min-1.g-1) was calculated. Data were Statistically analyzed using completely randomized design (CRD), one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) as per the procedure given by SPSS (2002), 9.0 version for Windows. The results obtained indicated that following 47Ca administration most of the total 47Ca concentration was found in the bones with count rates of 110267±550 DPM. While in the fifth day following administration, most of the 47Ca was found in the feathers with a total activity of 13322±760 DPM. The biological half-life time was found to be highest in the heart and kidneys, respectively compared to the other body organs. In conclusion, the current results suggest that the main excretory pathway for Ca is through the skin. Regarding organ dependency on Ca for the normal functioning, the results obtained in our study suggest that the heart is the most dependent organ on Ca.

Necrotizing leukoencephalitis in a Yorkshire dog from Brazil / Leucoencefalite necrosante em um cão Yorkshire do Brasil

Necrotizing leukoencephalitis (NLE) is an uncommon inflammatory condition of brain of dogs, and was described in dogs from North America, Europe, and Asia. Cases of NLE from South America were not located when major data bases were examined. Consequently, this report describes the findings associated with NLE in a Brazilian 3.5-year-old female Yorkshire dog with neurological findings related to the myelencephalon; the dog died, besides medical treatment, and was submitted for autopsy exam and histopathological evaluation. Lesions were restricted to the encephalon and characterized as leukoencephalomalacia with severe non-suppurative inflammation with extensive perivascular cuffing; the non-suppurative inflammation was characterized by influx of lymphocytes and histiocytes, and occasionally plasma cells, and gitter cells. Infectious disease agents were not identified by molecular techniques or visualized with histochemical stains. This report represents the first definitive diagnose of NLE in Brazil, suggesting that this disease may be present in South America dogs suffering from neurological conditions. This knowledge may be useful for veterinarians in Brazil, taking into account that this disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis when infectious causes are excluded.

Leucoencefalite necrosante (LEN) é uma condição inflamatória encefálica incomum. A NLE foi descrita em cães da América do Norte, Europa e Ásia, mas, de acordo com o conhecimento dos autores, não há diagnóstico definitivo dessa doença na América do Sul. O objetivo do presente relato foi descrever um caso de leucoencefalite necrosante diagnosticado em um cão do Brasil. A doença é descrita em um cão Yorkshire fêmea de 3,5 anos com apresentação neurológica afetando principalmente o mielencéfalo; o animal veio a óbito, apesar do tratamento médico, e foi submetida a autopsia e avaliação histopatológica. As lesões estavam restritas ao encéfalo e foram caracterizadas por necrose da substância branca e extensa inflamação não-supurativa do neurópilo e presença de grandes manguitos perivasculares; a resposta inflamatória não-supurativa foi caracterizada principalmente por infiltração de linfócitos e histiócitos, e ocasionais plasmócitos e células gitter. Agentes infecciosos não foram detectados por técnicas moleculares e também não foram identificados por colorações histológicas. Este relato representa o primeiro caso de LEN com diagnóstico anatomopatológico no Brasil, demonstrando que esta doença está presente em cães Sul Americanos que sofrem de condições neurológicas. Esta informação é útil para os médicos veterinários no

Alternative vibro-dynamic compression processing of wood-cement composites using Amazonian wood / Método alternativo de compactação vibro-dinâmica na produção de compósitos madeira-cimento com uso de madeiras amazônicas

Wood-cement composite (WCC) is a potential construction material for tropical regions, due to its physico-mechanical properties and resistance to decay and fungi attack. However it is important to test alternative production methods and wood materials that are easier and cheaper than those traditionally used, in order to create a higher demand for this product. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of wood from four Amazonian species (Eschweilera coriaceae, Swartzia recurva, Manilkara amazonica and Pouteria guianensis) in the production of wood-cement composites through a vibro-dynamic compression process, an alternative method to the use of a hydraulic press. The inhibition degree caused by the wood to the cement cure, measured by the factor CA, indicated that all species were compatible with Portland cement (CP II-Z). WCC with densities higher than 1,100 kg m-3 (produced with E. coriaceae and S. recurva particles) showed compressive strength values higher than 10 MPa, which fulfills the minimum requirement for lightweitgh reinforced concrete blocks for structural use.(AU)

Compósito madeira-cimento é um potencial material de construção para regiões tropicais, devido a suas propriedades físico-mecânicas e resistência ao ataque de fungos e podridão. Contudo, é importante testar métodos alternativos de produção e madeiras que sejam mais simples e baratos do que os tradicionalmente usados, para que se alcance uma maior demanda para esse produto. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de madeira de quatro espécies amazônicas (Eschweilera coriaceae, Swartzia recurva, Manilkara amazonica e Pouteria guianensis) na produção de compósitos de madeira-cimento (WCC) pelo processo de compactação vibro-dinâmica, um método alternativo que dispensa o uso de prensas hidráulicas. O grau de inibição à pega do cimento causado pela presença da madeira foi medido pelo fator CA e indicou que todas as quatro espécies foram compatíveis com o cimento Portland (CP II-Z). Compósitos com massa específica superior a 1.100 kg m-3 (produzidas com partículas de E. coriaceae e S. recurva) apresentaram valores de compressão axial acima de 10 MPa, requisito mínimo para classificar como blocos de concreto reforçados leves de uso estrutural.(AU)

Alternative vibro-dynamic compression processing of wood-cement composites using Amazonian wood

Wood-cement composite (WCC) is a potential construction material for tropical regions, due to its physico-mechanical properties and resistance to decay and fungi attack. However it is important to test alternative production methods and wood materials that are easier and cheaper than those traditionally used, in order to create a higher demand for this product. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of wood from four Amazonian species (Eschweilera coriaceae, Swartzia recurva, Manilkara amazonica and Pouteria guianensis) in the production of wood-cement composites through a vibro-dynamic compression process, an alternative method to the use of a hydraulic press. The inhibition degree caused by the wood to the cement cure, measured by the factor CA, indicated that all species were compatible with Portland cement (CP II-Z). WCC with densities higher than 1,100 kg m-3 (produced with E. coriaceae and S. recurva particles) showed compressive strength values higher than 10 MPa, which fulfills the minimum requirement for lightweitgh reinforced concrete blocks for structural use. (AU)

Compósito madeira-cimento é um potencial material de construção para regiões tropicais, devido a suas propriedades físico-mecânicas e resistência ao ataque de fungos e podridão. Contudo, é importante testar métodos alternativos de produção e madeiras que sejam mais simples e baratos do que os tradicionalmente usados, para que se alcance uma maior demanda para esse produto. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de madeira de quatro espécies amazônicas (Eschweilera coriaceae, Swartzia recurva, Manilkara amazonica e Pouteria guianensis) na produção de compósitos de madeira-cimento (WCC) pelo processo de compactação vibro-dinâmica, um método alternativo que dispensa o uso de prensas hidráulicas. O grau de inibição à pega do cimento causado pela presença da madeira foi medido pelo fator CA e indicou que todas as quatro espécies foram compatíveis com o cimento Portland (CP II-Z). Compósitos com massa específica superior a 1.100 kg m-3 (produzidas com partículas de E. coriaceae e S. recurva) apresentaram valores de compressão axial acima de 10 MPa, requisito mínimo para classificar como blocos de concreto reforçados leves de uso estrutural.(AU)

Avaliação comparativa de dosagem do marcador tumoral CA 15-3 em cadelas hígidas ou com neoplasia mamária / Comparative evaluation of tumor marker CA 15-3 dosage in dogs, healthy or with breast cancer

O antígeno CA 15-3 é uma proteína presente no soro utilizado no acompanhamento de mulheres com câncer de mama, essencialmente na detecção de metástases. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a efetividade e a viabilidade da utilização do marcador tumoral CA 15-3 em cadelas, comparando-se os valores do marcador entre cadelas sem e com neoplasia mamária, avaliando-se alterações nos valores do marcador após a mastectomia, e suas correlações entre o tipo histológico. Foi realizada a quantificação sérica do marcador tumoral CA 15-3 (teste de eletroquimioluminescência), em vinte cadelas hígidas (grupo controle) e vinte cadelas com neoplasia mamária (grupo teste). Os animais com neoplasia tiveram a dosagem do marcador realizada antes e 10 dias após a mastectomia. Ainda, foi realiza a citologia vaginal no momento da mastectomia e foram estabelecidos três grupos de acordo com a fase estral de cada cadela, Diestro, Proestro e Anestro. As massas tumorais foram encaminhadas para exame histopatológico. A avaliação dos dados de citologia vaginal entre os grupos Diestro, Proestro e Anestro pelo teste de ANOVA não demonstrou diferença estatística significativa entre os valores encontrados. E na análise para a comparação dos valores do marcador tumoral com os tipos histológicos de neoplasias, divididas em dois grupos, benignas e malignas, utilizando o teste de Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test, o teste não demonstrou diferença estatística significativa visto que p>0,05. Os valores encontrados do marcador no grupo controle foram uma média de 0,19+0,39 U/mL, no grupo pré-mastectomia 1,56+0,39 U/mL e pós-mastectomia 0,66+0,27 U/mL. Em análise estatística com a comparação de grupo pré e pós-mastectomia, e do grupo controle com o grupo pré e pós-mastectomia observou-se significância com p< 0,005. Assim, observou-se diferença nos valores do marcador antes e depois da remoção cirúrgica da neoplasia, sugerindo seu possível uso como controle de crescimento tumoral pós-mastectomia individual. Porém há muita variação dos resultados nos diferentes métodos existentes, e não há ainda um padrão dos valores de referência para cada método, sendo necessários mais estudos sobre o uso dos marcadores.(AU)

The CA 15-3 antigen is a protein present in the serum, used to monitor women with breast cancer, mainly in metastatic disease detection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the CA 15-3 tumor marker in dogs, comparing the marker values between dogs with or without breast cancer, to estimate changes in marker values after mastectomy, and their correlation between the histological types. Serum quantification of the tumor marker CA 15-3 (electrochemiluminescence test) was performed in twenty healthy bitches and twenty others with mammary neoplasia. Bitches with cancer had the content of the tracer performed before and 10 days after mastectomy. The vaginal cytology was performed at the moment of the mastectomy, dividing the animals into three different groups (diestrus, proestrus and anestrus). All the mammary tumors were examined histopathologically. The evaluation of the vaginal cytology data of the groups Diestro, Proestro and Anestro by the ANOVA test did not show a statistically significant difference between the values ​​found. In the analysis histological types of tumor marker values of neoplasms, divided into two groups, benign and malignant, using the Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test, there was no statistical significant difference at p>0.05. The values of the marker in the control group had an average of 0.19+0.39 U/mL, of the pre-mastectomy group 1.56+0.39 U/mL, and of the post-mastectomy group 0.66+0.27 U/mL. The statistic was performed comparing groups pre- and post-mastectomy, and the control group with group pre- and post-mastectomy with a statistical significance p< 0.005 in both tests. There was a difference of marker values ​​before and after surgical removal of the neoplasia, suggesting its possible use in post-mastectomy tumor control. But exist variation of results with the different existing methods, and there will be still a standard reference value for each method.(AU)

Avaliação comparativa de dosagem do marcador tumoral CA 15-3 em cadelas hígidas ou com neoplasia mamária / Comparative evaluation of tumor marker CA 15-3 dosage in dogs, healthy or with breast cancer

O antígeno CA 15-3 é uma proteína presente no soro utilizado no acompanhamento de mulheres com câncer de mama, essencialmente na detecção de metástases. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a efetividade e a viabilidade da utilização do marcador tumoral CA 15-3 em cadelas, comparando-se os valores do marcador entre cadelas sem e com neoplasia mamária, avaliando-se alterações nos valores do marcador após a mastectomia, e suas correlações entre o tipo histológico. Foi realizada a quantificação sérica do marcador tumoral CA 15-3 (teste de eletroquimioluminescência), em vinte cadelas hígidas (grupo controle) e vinte cadelas com neoplasia mamária (grupo teste). Os animais com neoplasia tiveram a dosagem do marcador realizada antes e 10 dias após a mastectomia. Ainda, foi realiza a citologia vaginal no momento da mastectomia e foram estabelecidos três grupos de acordo com a fase estral de cada cadela, Diestro, Proestro e Anestro. As massas tumorais foram encaminhadas para exame histopatológico. A avaliação dos dados de citologia vaginal entre os grupos Diestro, Proestro e Anestro pelo teste de ANOVA não demonstrou diferença estatística significativa entre os valores encontrados. E na análise para a comparação dos valores do marcador tumoral com os tipos histológicos de neoplasias, divididas em dois grupos, benignas e malignas, utilizando o teste de Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test, o teste não demonstrou diferença estatística significativa visto que p>0,05. Os valores encontrados do marcador no grupo controle foram uma média de 0,19+0,39 U/mL, no grupo pré-mastectomia 1,56+0,39 U/mL e pós-mastectomia 0,66+0,27 U/mL. Em análise estatística com a comparação de grupo pré e pós-mastectomia, e do grupo controle com o grupo pré e pós-mastectomia observou-se significância com p< 0,005. Assim, observou-se diferença nos valores do marcador antes e depois da remoção cirúrgica da neoplasia, sugerindo seu possível uso como controle de crescimento tumoral pós-mastectomia individual. Porém há muita variação dos resultados nos diferentes métodos existentes, e não há ainda um padrão dos valores de referência para cada método, sendo necessários mais estudos sobre o uso dos marcadores.(AU)

The CA 15-3 antigen is a protein present in the serum, used to monitor women with breast cancer, mainly in metastatic disease detection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the CA 15-3 tumor marker in dogs, comparing the marker values between dogs with or without breast cancer, to estimate changes in marker values after mastectomy, and their correlation between the histological types. Serum quantification of the tumor marker CA 15-3 (electrochemiluminescence test) was performed in twenty healthy bitches and twenty others with mammary neoplasia. Bitches with cancer had the content of the tracer performed before and 10 days after mastectomy. The vaginal cytology was performed at the moment of the mastectomy, dividing the animals into three different groups (diestrus, proestrus and anestrus). All the mammary tumors were examined histopathologically. The evaluation of the vaginal cytology data of the groups Diestro, Proestro and Anestro by the ANOVA test did not show a statistically significant difference between the values ​​found. In the analysis histological types of tumor marker values of neoplasms, divided into two groups, benign and malignant, using the Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test, there was no statistical significant difference at p>0.05. The values of the marker in the control group had an average of 0.19+0.39 U/mL, of the pre-mastectomy group 1.56+0.39 U/mL, and of the post-mastectomy group 0.66+0.27 U/mL. The statistic was performed comparing groups pre- and post-mastectomy, and the control group with group pre- and post-mastectomy with a statistical significance p< 0.005 in both tests. There was a difference of marker values ​​before and after surgical removal of the neoplasia, suggesting its possible use in post-mastectomy tumor control. But exist variation of results with the different existing methods, and there will be still a standard reference value for each method.(AU)

Streblid bat flies on phyllostomid bats from an island off the coast of são paulo, brazil

ABSTRACT Streblidae is the family of bloodsucking flies, mostly tropical and subtropical, that are obligate ectoparasites of bats. A high number of these fly species are found in the Atlantic Forest, but there is little information about their quantitative descriptors. In this paper, we describe the prevalence, mean intensity, and infracommunities of streblid bat flies on phyllostomid bats from the Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, São Paulo state, Brazil. Surveys were conducted from July 1990 to July 1991 in distinct places of the island, with a total of 454 flies of 30 species collected from 132 bats of 15 species. From those, we found 44 host-parasite associations and 31 infracommunities that suffered variations due to accidental associations or contaminations. With our results, the number of Streblidae species increased from 31 to 36 in São Paulo State.

RESUMO Streblidae é uma família de moscas hematófagas, encontradas em maior riqueza em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, ectoparasitas obrigatórias de morcegos. Um grande número de espécies é encontrado na Mata Atlântica, no entanto, não há muita informação a respeito de seus descritores quantitativos. Neste trabalho nós descrevemos a prevalência, intensidade média e as infracomunidades de moscas estréblidas em morcegos filostomídeos do Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Capturas foram realizadas de julho de 1990 até julho de 1991 em diferentes localidades da ilha, de forma que 454 moscas de 30 espécies foram coletadas de 132 morcegos de 15 espécies. Com isso, encontramos 44 associações parasito-hospedeiro e 31 infracomunidades que sofreram variação em virtude de associações acidentais ou contaminações. Com os nossos resultados o número de espécies de Streblidae para o estado de São Paulo aumentou de 31 para 36.

STREBLID BAT FLIES ON PHYLLOSTOMID BATS FROM AN ISLAND OFF THE COAST OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

ABSTRACT Streblidae is the family of bloodsucking flies, mostly tropical and subtropical, that are obligate ectoparasites of bats. A high number of these fly species are found in the Atlantic Forest, but there is little information about their quantitative descriptors. In this paper, we describe the prevalence, mean intensity, and infracommunities of streblid bat flies on phyllostomid bats from the Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, São Paulo state, Brazil. Surveys were conducted from July 1990 to July 1991 in distinct places of the island, with a total of 454 flies of 30 species collected from 132 bats of 15 species. From those, we found 44 host-parasite associations and 31 infracommunities that suffered variations due to accidental associations or contaminations. With our results, the number of Streblidae species increased from 31 to 36 in São Paulo State.

RESUMO Streblidae é uma família de moscas hematófagas, encontradas em maior riqueza em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, ectoparasitas obrigatórias de morcegos. Um grande número de espécies é encontrado na Mata Atlântica, no entanto, não há muita informação a respeito de seus descritores quantitativos. Neste trabalho nós descrevemos a prevalência, intensidade média e as infracomunidades de moscas estréblidas em morcegos filostomídeos do Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Capturas foram realizadas de julho de 1990 até julho de 1991 em diferentes localidades da ilha, de forma que 454 moscas de 30 espécies foram coletadas de 132 morcegos de 15 espécies. Com isso, encontramos 44 associações parasito-hospedeiro e 31 infracomunidades que sofreram variação em virtude de associações acidentais ou contaminações. Com os nossos resultados o número de espécies de Streblidae para o estado de São Paulo aumentou de 31 para 36.

N2O-reducing activity of soil amended with organic and inorganic enrichments under flooded conditions

Changes, apparent after investigation, in the physical and chemical properties in soil, as a result of organic and inorganic enrichments under flooded conditions, influence the growth of denitrifiers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of manure (8 kg m2) (M), clay (50 kg m2) (CL) and lime (1.12 kg m2) (Ca) on the N2O-reducing activity (N2O-RA) of sandy loam soil (clay content - 24 % in 0-20 cm), during NO3 reduction under flooding. The soil samples were taken from field plots after 3 years of enrichment with grass cultivation. The enrichments had a distinct effect on the N2O-RA and N2O-released, due to the change in pH, the porosity, and the sorptive properties of the soil. The pH had the greatest impact on the N2O-RA of the soil and ranged from 4.9 to 7.6. For actual denitrification to N2O-realized (aD-N2O), the maximum N2O-releasing (mcN2O-releasing) followed the order: 1.36 for the M-treatment, 6.39 for the M+CL+Ca-treatment, 7.79 for the c-soil and 8.69 N2O-N mg kg1 for the M+CL-treatment. For actual denitrification (aD), the mcN2O-releasing was followed the order: 10.37 for the M-treatment, 10.49 for the control soil, 14.60 for the M+CL+Ca-treatment and 20.00 N2O-N mg kg1 for the M+CL-treatment. The N2O-RA of the soil samples increased as pH increased. The average N2O/N2+N2O ratio and the N2O-RA of the soil samples increased in the following order: M+CL, control soil, M+CL+Ca, M-enrichments. The addition of enrichments did not pose a threat to the environment due to increased N2O emissions, but as regards conserving NO3 in the soil, the addition of clay distinctly increased the complete denitrification process.

Hidratação enteral em bezerros neonatos e características das soluções eletrolíticas disponíveis comercialmente no Brasil / Enteral fluid therapy in neonatal calves and features of commercially available electrolyte solutions in Brazil

According to the World Health Organization, the development of orally replacement fluids and electrolytes was one of the most significant advances of the twentieth century, markedly reducing mortality from diarrheal children. In veterinary medicine, oral electrolyte solutions (OES) are routinely used to treat diarrheic neonatal calves in order to correct water, electrolyte and acid base imbalances. In North America, the use of OES is routine and there are at least 20 commercial alternatives. Use of OES has increased in recent years in Brazil, but just five commercial products are currently available. The OES should contain, in suitable concentrations, electrolytes, glucose and an alkalizing agent to ensure its therapeutic efficacy. This review aimed to address the therapeutic importance of OES for neonatal calves and to evaluate the compositions and characteristics of those commercially available in Brazil.

De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, o desenvolvimento da reposição de fluidos e eletrólitos por via oral foi um dos avanços mais significativos da medicina no século XX, reduzindo marcadamente a mortalidade de crianças diarreicas. Na medicina veterinária, as soluções eletrolíticas orais (SEO) são rotineiramente utilizadas no tratamento de bezerros neonatos diarreicos com o intuito de corrigir os desequilíbrios hidroeletrolíticos e ácido base. Na América do Norte, o emprego de SEO é habitual e existem, pelo menos, 20 alternativas comerciais. O uso das SEO se expandiu nos últimos anos, no Brasil, havendo, atualmente, cinco produtos disponíveis no comércio. As SEO devem veicular eletrólitos, glicose e um agente alcalinizante em concentrações apropriadas para garantir a sua eficácia terapêutica. Essa revisão tem o objetivo de abordar a importância e uso terapêutico das SEO para bezerros neonatos, além de avaliar as composições e características das disponíveis comercialmente no mercado brasileiro.

Hidratação enteral em bezerros neonatos e características das soluções eletrolíticas disponíveis comercialmente no Brasil / Enteral fluid therapy in neonatal calves and features of commercially available electrolyte solutions in Brazil

According to the World Health Organization, the development of orally replacement fluids and electrolytes was one of the most significant advances of the twentieth century, markedly reducing mortality from diarrheal children. In veterinary medicine, oral electrolyte solutions (OES) are routinely used to treat diarrheic neonatal calves in order to correct water, electrolyte and acid base imbalances. In North America, the use of OES is routine and there are at least 20 commercial alternatives. Use of OES has increased in recent years in Brazil, but just five commercial products are currently available. The OES should contain, in suitable concentrations, electrolytes, glucose and an alkalizing agent to ensure its therapeutic efficacy. This review aimed to address the therapeutic importance of OES for neonatal calves and to evaluate the compositions and characteristics of those commercially available in Brazil.(AU)

De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, o desenvolvimento da reposição de fluidos e eletrólitos por via oral foi um dos avanços mais significativos da medicina no século XX, reduzindo marcadamente a mortalidade de crianças diarreicas. Na medicina veterinária, as soluções eletrolíticas orais (SEO) são rotineiramente utilizadas no tratamento de bezerros neonatos diarreicos com o intuito de corrigir os desequilíbrios hidroeletrolíticos e ácido base. Na América do Norte, o emprego de SEO é habitual e existem, pelo menos, 20 alternativas comerciais. O uso das SEO se expandiu nos últimos anos, no Brasil, havendo, atualmente, cinco produtos disponíveis no comércio. As SEO devem veicular eletrólitos, glicose e um agente alcalinizante em concentrações apropriadas para garantir a sua eficácia terapêutica. Essa revisão tem o objetivo de abordar a importância e uso terapêutico das SEO para bezerros neonatos, além de avaliar as composições e características das disponíveis comercialmente no mercado brasileiro.(AU)

N2O-reducing activity of soil amended with organic and inorganic enrichments under flooded conditions

Changes, apparent after investigation, in the physical and chemical properties in soil, as a result of organic and inorganic enrichments under flooded conditions, influence the growth of denitrifiers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of manure (8 kg m2) (M), clay (50 kg m2) (CL) and lime (1.12 kg m2) (Ca) on the N2O-reducing activity (N2O-RA) of sandy loam soil (clay content - 24 % in 0-20 cm), during NO3 reduction under flooding. The soil samples were taken from field plots after 3 years of enrichment with grass cultivation. The enrichments had a distinct effect on the N2O-RA and N2O-released, due to the change in pH, the porosity, and the sorptive properties of the soil. The pH had the greatest impact on the N2O-RA of the soil and ranged from 4.9 to 7.6. For actual denitrification to N2O-realized (aD-N2O), the maximum N2O-releasing (mcN2O-releasing) followed the order: 1.36 for the M-treatment, 6.39 for the M+CL+Ca-treatment, 7.79 for the c-soil and 8.69 N2O-N mg kg1 for the M+CL-treatment. For actual denitrification (aD), the mcN2O-releasing was followed the order: 10.37 for the M-treatment, 10.49 for the control soil, 14.60 for the M+CL+Ca-treatment and 20.00 N2O-N mg kg1 for the M+CL-treatment. The N2O-RA of the soil samples increased as pH increased. The average N2O/N2+N2O ratio and the N2O-RA of the soil samples increased in the following order: M+CL, control soil, M+CL+Ca, M-enrichments. The addition of enrichments did not pose a threat to the environment due to increased N2O emissions, but as regards conserving NO3 in the soil, the addition of clay distinctly increased the complete denitrification process.(AU)

BIOEFICÁCIA DE FONTES DE METIONINA PARA POEDEIRAS LEVES NA FASE DE PRODUÇÃO

A metionina (Met) em dietas de poderias é essencial para inúmeras funções biológicas, como a metilação de proteínas e lipídios, o que torna a sua suplementação fundamental para a manutenção, crescimento, desempenho produtivo, para o bom desenvolvimento das penas. e leva a mudanças na morfologia intestinal através do estímulo da proliferação celular no epitélio intestinal e por melhorar a integridade. A indústria disponibiliza a DL-metionina (DLM) como fonte padrão por ter 99% de Met. O surgimento dos análogos de metionina (MHA) por representar 20% a menos dos custos em relação a DLM, torna o uso de interesse comercial. Todavia, na literatura ainda há muitas controvérsias quanto a bioeficácia desses. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a bioeficácia relativa das fontes de MHA-Ca em comparação a DLM aos níveis de Met + Cys digestíveis em dietas de poedeiras leves de 42 a 62 semanas de idade por meio do desempenho produtivo e a histomorfometria intestinal e do aparelho reprodutivo das aves. Um total de 1080 poedeiras Hy-line W80 foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, 2 x 4 + 1 (2 fontes de metionina, MHA-Ca e DLM; 4 níveis de suplementação de Met+Cys para cada fonte: 0,46, 0,54, 0,56 e 0,58% e 1 tratamento isento de suplementação de metionina) com 12 repetições e 10 aves por repetição. Houve interação entre as fontes e os níveis no CR (consumo de ração) e PO (peso do ovo). No nível de 0,58% aves que receberam MHA-Ca tiveram o menor CR. e No nível de 0,46% o maior PO foi para DLM. A MO (massa de ovos) e CMO (conversão por massa de ovos) apresentaram respostas quadráticas, 0,59 e 0,62% estimados. A interação entre as fontes para PEG (peso de gema) e POG (porcentagem de gema) 0,58% a MHA-Ca foi superior a DLM. O PEG (peso de gema). A MHA-Ca para o IG (índice de gema) e POA (peso do albúmen) apresentou efeito isolado. Também houve interação para PEC (peso de casca) e GE (gravidade específica), onde no nível de 0,46% a DLM teve o maior PEC. A MHA-Ca apresentou a maior PEC e GE nos níveis de 0,50 e 0,54%. Houve efeito linear descendente para EC (espessura de casca) e POC (peso de casca). A bioeficácia de MHA-Ca em comparação a DLM para PO, PRO POG, PEA, PEG, PEC e GE foi de 99 e 97, 87 e 97 e 95, 95 e 91%, respectivamente. Houve maior probabilidade de escores 3 e 4 para pescoço, peito, dorso, asa, cloaca e cauda. Para a análise economia, houve efeito entre os níveis para DZO (dúzias de ovos), no nível de 0,58% as aves alimentadas com MHA-Ca tiveram menor CKg (custo por kg de ração) e CC (custo por caixa de ração) e a melhor MB (margem bruta) RM (rentabilidade média) e IRM (índice de rentabilidade média) em relação a DLM. Houve efeito na interação entre as para o duodeno e No nível de 0,46% a DLM apresentou maior LV (largura de vilo), ASV (área de superfície de vilo) e V:C (relação vilo:cripta), como maior ALV (altura de vilo) e maior CC (número de células caliciformes) nos efeitos isolados. No jejuno a fonte de DLM também apresentou maior ALV, ASV e V:C. Aos níveis de suplementação houve efeito linear sobre as variáveis de ALV, ASV e PC (profundidade de cripta). No íleo somente a DLM também apresentou a maior LV, os níveis também apresentaram comportamento linear para LV e ASV. A bioeficácia relativa da MHA-Ca em comparação a DLM foi de 99, 78% na LV e ASV para o duodeno, 83 e 79% na ASV e V:C do jejuno, 79% na ALV para o íleo. Somente em aves alimentadas com DLM houve maior probabilidade no acúmulo de GE (glicogênio hepático) pouca positividade. As fontes tiveram maior probabilidade positividade intensa. Na esteatose houve a redução da probabilidade dos esteatose moderada e baixa probabilidade de esteatose avançada. No magno a DLM apresentou maior EPM (espessura do epitélio do magno) No nível de 0,58%. Houve efeito isolado entre as fontes para variáveis ADU (altura de dobra uterínica), LDU (largura de dobra uterínica) e LPM (altura de perímetro de magno). Os níveis tiveram influência sobre ADU, LDU, LPM com efeito linear. A bioeficácia foi de 70, 131 e 76% na ADU, APM e EPM. Independente da fonte de metionina utilizada o nível de suplementação de 0,58% de Met+Cys digestíveis promoveu melhorias nos índices produtivos, na qualidade interna e externa do ovo, como também, melhorou o índice de cobertura de penas em poedeiras na fase de produção. Também foi benéfico ao desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal, parâmetros do útero e magno, maior estocagem de glicogênio hepático e menor incidência de esteatose hepática. Diante da bioeficácia relativa pode-se concluir que as aves alimentadas com DLM apresentam maior biodisponibilidade em níveis menores de Met+Cys em relação a MHA-Ca. Contudo, foi No nível de 0,58% com a DLM que houve os melhores resultados avaliados. Todavia a fonte MHA-Ca mostrou-se mais economicamente viável em relação a fonte DLM com base nos parâmetros econômicos avaliados. Portanto, recomendamos a utilização da fonte MHA-Ca com nível de suplementação de 0,58%.

Methionine (Met) in power diets is essential for numerous biological functions, such as the methylation of proteins and lipids, which makes its supplementation essential for the maintenance, growth, productive performance, for the good development of the feathers. and leads to changes in intestinal morphology by stimulating cell proliferation in the intestinal epithelium and by improving integrity. The industry provides DL-methionine (DLM) as a standard source for having 99% Met. The emergence of methionine analogs (MHA) for representing 20% less of the costs in relation to DLM, makes the use of commercial interest. However, there are still many controversies in the literature regarding their bioeffectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the relative bioeffectiveness of MHA-Ca sources compared to DLM at Met + Cys SID levels in light-laying diets from 42 to 62 weeks of age through productive performance and intestinal and appliance histomorphometry. reproductive health of birds. A total of 1080 Hy-line W80 layers were distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme, 2 x 4 + 1 (2 sources of methionine, MHA-Ca and DLM; 4 levels of Met + Cys supplementation for each source: 0.46, 0.54, 0.56 and 0.58% and 1 treatment without methionine supplementation) with 12 repetitions and 10 birds per repetition. There was an interaction between sources and levels in CR (feed intake) and PO (egg weight). At the level of 0.58% birds that received MHA-Ca had the lowest CR. and at the 0.46% level, the highest PO was for DLM. OM (egg mass) and CMO (egg mass conversion) showed quadratic responses, 0.59 and 0.62% estimated. The interaction between the sources for PEG (yolk weight) and POG (yolk percentage) 0.58% at MHA-Ca was superior to DLM. PEG (yolk weight). MHA-Ca for IG (yolk index) and POA (albumen weight) had an isolated effect. There was also interaction for PEC (peel weight) and GE (specific gravity), where at the level of 0.46% DLM had the highest PEC. MHA-Ca presented the highest PEC and GE at the levels of 0.50 and 0.54%. There was a linear downward effect for EC (shell thickness) and POC (shell weight). The bioeffectiveness of MHA-Ca compared to DLM for PO, PRO, POG, PEA, PEG, PEC and GE was 99 and 97, 87 and 97 and 95, 95 and 91%, respectively. There was a higher probability of scores 3 and 4 for neck, chest, back, wing, cloaca and tail. For the economic analysis, there was an effect between the levels for DZO (dozens of eggs), at the level of 0.58% the birds fed with MHA-Ca had lower CKg (cost per kg of feed) and CC (cost per feed box) and the best MB (gross margin) RM (average profitability) and IRM (average profitability index) in relation to DLM. There was an effect on the interaction between the duodenum and at the level of 0.46%, the DLM presented a higher LV (villus width), ASV (villus surface area) and V: C (villus: crypt ratio), as the highest ALV (villus height) and higher CC (number of goblet cells) in the isolated effects. In the jejunum, the DLM source also showed higher ALV, ASV and V: C. At supplementation levels, there was a linear effect on the variables of ALV, ASV and CP (crypt depth). In the ileum, only the DLM also had the highest LV, the levels also showed a linear behavior for LV and ASV. The relative bioeffectiveness of MHA-Ca compared to DLM was 99, 78% in LV and ASV for the duodenum, 83 and 79% in ASV and V: C of the jejunum, 79% in ALV for the ileum. Only in birds fed with DLM there was a greater probability of accumulation of GE (hepatic glycogen) with little positivity. The sources were more likely to have intense positivity. In steatosis there was a reduction in the likelihood of moderate steatosis and a low probability of advanced steatosis. On magnesium, DLM presented a greater EPM (magnum epithelium thickness) at the level of 0.58%. There was an isolated effect between the sources for variables ADU (uterine fold height), LDU (uterine fold width) and LPM (magnitude perimeter height). The levels had an influence on ADU, LDU, LPM with linear effect. Bioeffectiveness was 70, 131 and 76% in ADU, APM and EPM. Regardless of the source of methionine used, the supplementation level of 0.58% of Met + Cys SID promoted improvements in the production indexes, in the internal and external quality of the egg, as well as improved the feather coverage index in laying hens in the production phase. It was also beneficial to the development of the intestinal mucosa, parameters of the uterus and magnum, greater storage of hepatic glycogen and less incidence of hepatic steatosis. Given the relative bioeffectiveness, it can be concluded that birds fed with DLM have higher bioavailability at lower levels of Met + Cys compared to MHA-Ca. However, it was at the 0.58% level with the DLM that the best results were evaluated. However, the MHA-Ca source proved to be more economically viable compared to the DLM source based on the economic parameters evaluated. Therefore, we recommend using the MHA-Ca source with a supplementation level of 0.58.