Megaureter gigante por ectopia ureteral intramural em cadela / Giant megaureter by intramural ureteral etopia in a bitch

Background: The urinary tract is composed by kidneys, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys produce urine that achieve urinary bladder by ureters. These have the origin in the renal pelvis, run through the retroperitoneum, end up at the dorsolateral superficies of the urinary bladder, and empty at the trigone. Ureters abnormalities are the rarest congenital defects in the canine urinary tract and ureteroceles are cystic dilatations of the distal segment of the ureter that could be associated to partial or complete urinary obstructions and could lead to megaureter and hydronephrosis. So, the aim of the present study was to describe a case of megaureter by intramural ureteral ectopia in a bitch. Case: A 1-year-old-and-8-month bitch Akita, weighing 18 kg, was referred to the Uniube Veterinary Hospital with vaginal secretion, prostration, hypodipsia, hyporexia and pyrexia related by the tutor. On physical examination, an increase in vulva volume and a vaginal discharge were observed. Nevertheless, others physical exams, blood count and biochemical tests were considered to be within normal parameters. Urinalysis showed cloudy aspect, proteinuria, occult blood, erythrocytes, pyuria, leucocytes, and discreet presence of bacteria. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a megaureter with right uterocele and excretory urography showed absence of glomerular filtration by right kidney. The patient was submitted to surgery for right kidney and ureter exeresis. Histopathology evaluation showed intense dilation of the ureter and severe multifocal renal fibrosis. The surgery was well succeeded, and the patient recovered completely. Discussion: Once megaureter are associated with congenital abnormalities like ectopic ureter and ureterocele, it is usually diagnosed in young patients with medium age of 10 months, which is below the age of the patient in this case report. Additionally, in the patient here reported, the unilateral alteration could explain the absence of kidney fail symptoms. In more than 90% of the cases, the ureteral ectopia was associated with multiple anomalies in the urinary tract, as was observed in this patient, that presented besides ectopic ureter, ureterocele, megaureter and renal dystrophy. All these morphological alterations made impossible the complete urine elimination, which predispose to urinary tract infection, that was observed in this report. According to literature, urinary tract anomalies are associated with infection in 64 to 85% and 50% of the cases also present hydronephrosis and hydroureter. It was also described that ureteral ectopia is diagnosed by visualization of hydroureter in abdominal ultrasonography. The findings present in this report differs a little, once the right kidney was atrophic possibly by malformation or even so by a chronic renal lesion due to the difficulty in urine flow. The excretory urography showed no filtration in the right kidney, indicating non-functionality that was confirmed by histopathology, in which was observed small glomerulus and large amount of connective tissue deposition. In cases of unilateral megaureter with ipsilateral kidney commitment, there is indication of nephroureterectomy, that was performed in the patient of the present report. As far as we know, this is the first report of megaureter, ureterocele and ectopia ureteral together in the same patient. In conclusion, the procedure was secure, efficient and promote a better quality of life for the patient and prevent the recurrence of urinary tract infections.

Complete bladder eversion in periparturient Nellore cow: case report / Eversão completa de bexiga no pré-parto em vaca Nelore: relato de caso

Partial or complete bladder eversion is a rare condition of poor prognosis in cows, commonly associated with intense tenesmus observed in the peripartum period. A 14-year-old obese Nellore cow at 280 days of gestation was referred with 24-hour bladder prolapse. The bladder was complete eversion through the vulvar vestibule showing a thick congested wall and small residual urine volume. After clinical examination, the cow received scopolamine butylbromide and intercoccygeal epidural anesthesia, and the externalized bladder segment was partially reduced, remaining only 10 cm externalized. The cow was maintained with an intravesical human gastric tube number 16 and constant monitoring. The eversion was fully reduced after 12 hours of local treatment, and as the cow presented subclinical ketosis, hypocalcemia and cystitis, antibiotic, glucose, calcium and propylene glycol therapy were performed. We opted for induction of parturition, and after 24 hours, a healthy 52kg calf was born and the placenta was delivered 16 hours after calving. The cow and calf were discharged on the sixth day of hospitalization, with no recurrences or secondary complications after treatment.

A eversão vesical parcial ou completa é uma condição rara de mau prognóstico em vacas, comumente associada a tenesmo intenso observado no período periparto. Uma vaca Nelore obesa de 14 anos de idade, com 280 dias de gestação, foi encaminhada com prolapso de bexiga de 24 horas. A bexiga apresentava eversão completa por meio do vestíbulo vulvar apresentando parede espessa e congestionada e pequeno volume residual de urina. Após exame clínico, a vaca recebeu butilbrometo de escopolamina e anestesia peridural intercoccígea, e o segmento vesical exteriorizado foi parcialmente reduzido, permanecendo apenas 10cm exteriorizado. A vaca foi mantida com sonda gástrica humana número 16 por via intravesical e monitorada constantemente. A eversão foi totalmente reduzida após 12 horas de tratamento local, e, como a vaca apresentava cetose subclínica, hipocalcemia e cistite, foi realizada antibioticoterapia, glicose, cálcio e propilenoglicol. Optou-se pela indução do parto. Após 24 horas, nasceu um bezerro saudável de 52kg e a placenta foi expelida 16 horas após o parto. A vaca e o bezerro receberam alta no sexto dia de internação, sem recidivas ou complicações secundárias após o tratamento.

Canine cystitis - biofilm formation by bacterial isolates

Background: Biofilms have been reported as important virulent markers associated with drug resistance in urinary tractinfections (UTIs) in humans and dogs. However, in veterinary medicine, researches involving biofilm formation, treatments and preventions have been limited; yet, it is still possible to find few studies demonstrating biofilm-forming bacteriaassociated with different comorbidities such as otitis, wound infections, UTIs, and endometritis. These studies generallyselect dogs with chronic and recurrent infections, which could be an important factor in antibiotic resistance. We aimed toevaluate biofilms in sporadic cystitis regarding prevalence and drug resistance.Materials, Methods & Results: Urine samples were collected by cystocentesis from 36 client-owned dogs under clinicaland laboratory suspicion of non-recurrent urinary bladder infection (cystitis). Urine was aseptically plated onto bloodagar, MacConkey, and CLED, followed by incubation for 24 to 48 h. Definitive identification of a potential pathogen wasmade by subculture collected from an isolated colony to obtain a pure culture. The gram staining method and specificbiochemical tests (phenol red fermentation, lysine, phenylalanine, citrate, sulfide-indole-motility, and urease) were usedto distinguish and classify the bacteria. After identification, the bacteria were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by astandard disk diffusion method, using the following antimicrobials: amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, cefazolin, cephalothin, erythromycin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, and sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim. The biofilm-forming ability was determined based on a culture...

Retrospective study of bacterial agents found in urine culture of dogs: antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance profile / Estudo retrospectivo de agentes bacterianos observados na urocultura de cães: perfil de sensibilidade e resistência antimicrobiana

Urinary tract infections are commonly diagnosed in dogs, accounting for 2 to 3% of cases in the clinical routine, as cystitis being the most reported condition. Dogs of all ages and breeds can be affected, and early diagnosis is an important tool for therapeutic success. Urine culture and antibiogram are gold-standard tests for the diagnosis of bacterial cystitis, allowing correct therapy and better recovery of the patient, since currently there is great resistance to antimicrobials used in the veterinary clinics. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the main etiological agents isolated in dog urine cultures, as well as the resistance and sensitivity profile of the isolated agents in relation to antibiotics, in order to assist the clinician ́s choice of the most appropriate antimicrobial, aiming at the patient's therapeutic success. For this study, a retrospective study was performed of 49 samples of urine cultures of male and female dogs, collected between 2012 and 2021, which were positive for bacterial growth. From this analysis, it was observed that Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were the most isolated agents, presenting higher antimicrobial resistance to cephalexin, sulfadiazine plus trimethoprim, ampicillin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively.(AU)

s infecções do trato urinário são comumente diagnosticadas em cães, representando de 2 a 3% dos casos na rotina clínica, sendo a cistite a afecção mais relatada. Cães de todas as idades e raças podem ser acometidos, sendo o diagnóstico precoce uma ferramenta importante para o sucesso terapêutico. A urocultura e o antibiograma são exames padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico das cistites bacterianas, permitindo a terapêutica correta e melhor recuperação do paciente, já que atualmente há grande resistência aos antimicrobianos empregados na rotina clínica veterinária. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os principais agentes etiológicos isolados nas uroculturas de cães, bem como o perfil de resistência e sensibilidade dos agentes isolados frente aos antibióticos, de modo a auxiliar o médico veterinário na eleição do antimicrobiano mais adequado, visando sucesso terapêutico do paciente. Para realização deste estudo foi feita uma análise retrospectiva de 49 uroculturas de cães machos e fêmeas, coletadas entre os anos de 2012 e 2021, as quais apresentaram crescimento bacteriano positivo. A partir desta análise foi observado que Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. e Staphylococcus spp. foram os agentes mais isolados nas uroculturas, apresentando maior resis-tência aos antimicrobianos cefalexina, sulfazotrim ampicilina, enrofloxacina e ciprofloxacina, respectivamente.(AU)

Cistite em um felino: relato de caso

A doença do trato urinário inferior de felinos é importante na rotina clínica, acometendo bexiga e/ou uretra, comprometendo o bem estar. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de cistite em felino. Felino, castrado foi atendido, apresentando polaquiúria e inquietação. Foram solicitados exames complementares. A urinálise mostrou: hematúria, leucocitúria, bacteriúria e proteinúria. Os níveis de creatinina e uréia sérica apresentavam-se normais. O hemograma não revelou alteração e, a ultrassonografia, mostrou presença de cristais. Conclui-se que a cistite induz alterações clínicas e laboratoriais no animal, principalmente na urinálise. O diagnóstico precoce e terapêutico adequado foi essencial para evitar o agravamento do quadro e, futuras complicações. (AU)

Feline lower urinary tract disease is important in the clinical routine, affecting bladder and / or urethra, compromising well-being. The objective of this study was to report a case of cat cystitis. Feline, castrated was attended, presenting polaquiúria and restlessness. Further examinations were ordered. Urinalysis showed: hematuria, leukocyturia, bacteriuria, proethinuria. Serum creatinine and urea levels were normal. The hemogram showed no alteration and, on ultrasonography, showed crystals. It is concluded that cystitis induces clinical and laboratory changes in the animal, mainly urinalysis. Adequate early diagnosis and therapy were essential to avoid aggravation of the condition and future complications.(AU)

Cistite em um felino: relato de caso

A doença do trato urinário inferior de felinos é importante na rotina clínica, acometendo bexiga e/ou uretra, comprometendo o bem estar. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de cistite em felino. Felino, castrado foi atendido, apresentando polaquiúria e inquietação. Foram solicitados exames complementares. A urinálise mostrou: hematúria, leucocitúria, bacteriúria e proteinúria. Os níveis de creatinina e uréia sérica apresentavam-se normais. O hemograma não revelou alteração e, a ultrassonografia, mostrou presença de cristais. Conclui-se que a cistite induz alterações clínicas e laboratoriais no animal, principalmente na urinálise. O diagnóstico precoce e terapêutico adequado foi essencial para evitar o agravamento do quadro e, futuras complicações.

Feline lower urinary tract disease is important in the clinical routine, affecting bladder and / or urethra, compromising well-being. The objective of this study was to report a case of cat cystitis. Feline, castrated was attended, presenting polaquiúria and restlessness. Further examinations were ordered. Urinalysis showed: hematuria, leukocyturia, bacteriuria, proethinuria. Serum creatinine and urea levels were normal. The hemogram showed no alteration and, on ultrasonography, showed crystals. It is concluded that cystitis induces clinical and laboratory changes in the animal, mainly urinalysis. Adequate early diagnosis and therapy were essential to avoid aggravation of the condition and future complications.

Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from a dog with a history of urolithiasis: case report / Escherichia coli multirresistente isolada de cão com histórico de urolitíase: relato de caso

Bacterial resistance is a reality in both human and veterinary health, it limits the therapeutic arsenal and raises the costs of the patient's treatment. A dog with signs of cystitis received treatment with 5mg/kg enrofloxacin at three consecutive times, with low effectiveness. The presence of urethral uroliths was identified and urohydropulsion was done. The animal presented a new obstruction, for which a cystotomy was performed, but continued with signs of infection. Uroculture and antimicrobial susceptibility test were then performed. Escherichia coli was identified, which was resistant to 13 antibiotics, being sensitive only to piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin. In the screening test for ß-lactamase, the production of ESßL was detected. The qPCR indicated the presence of the bla CTXm, bla DHA, bla OXA, bla IMP, bla TEM, bla GIM, bla SIM, bla SPM and bla SME genes, which may lead to a phenotypic resistance profile for ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, aztreonam, cefepime cefoxitin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam. This case reaffirms the value that laboratory analysis adds to the diagnosis and treatment of cystitis and urolithiasis, which can define the direction of evolution of the prognosis and the speed at which the patient's health will be restored.(AU)

A resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos é uma realidade, tanto na saúde humana quanto veterinária, limita o arsenal terapêutico e eleva os custos relacionados ao tratamento do paciente. Um cão, com sinais de cistite, recebeu tratamento com enrofloxacina, na dose de 5mg/kg, em três momentos seguidos, com baixa efetividade. Identificou-se presença de urólitos uretrais e foi feita uro-hidropropulsão. O animal apresentou nova obstrução, para a qual foi realizada uma cistotomia, mas continuou com sinais de infecção. Realizou-se, então, urocultura e teste de antibiograma. Foi identificada Escherichia coli, que se mostrou resistente a 13 antibióticos, sendo sensível somente à piperacilina-tazobactam e amicacina. No teste de triagem para ß-lactamase, detectou-se a produção de ESßL. A qPCR indicou presença dos genes blaCTXm, blaDHA, blaOXA, blaIMP, blaTEM, blaGIM, blaSIM, blaSPM e blaSME, que podem conduzir um perfil fenotípico de resistência para ampicilina, amoxicilina-ácido clavulânico, aztreonam, cefepima, cefoxitina, cefuroxima, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, imipenem, piperacilina-tazobactam. Este caso reafirma o valor que a análise laboratorial agrega ao diagnóstico e tratamento da cistite e da urolitíase, podendo definir o sentido de evolução do prognóstico e a velocidade em que a saúde do paciente será restabelecia.(AU)

Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from a dog with a history of urolithiasis: case report / Escherichia coli multirresistente isolada de cão com histórico de urolitíase: relato de caso

Bacterial resistance is a reality in both human and veterinary health, it limits the therapeutic arsenal and raises the costs of the patient's treatment. A dog with signs of cystitis received treatment with 5mg/kg enrofloxacin at three consecutive times, with low effectiveness. The presence of urethral uroliths was identified and urohydropulsion was done. The animal presented a new obstruction, for which a cystotomy was performed, but continued with signs of infection. Uroculture and antimicrobial susceptibility test were then performed. Escherichia coli was identified, which was resistant to 13 antibiotics, being sensitive only to piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin. In the screening test for ß-lactamase, the production of ESßL was detected. The qPCR indicated the presence of the bla CTXm, bla DHA, bla OXA, bla IMP, bla TEM, bla GIM, bla SIM, bla SPM and bla SME genes, which may lead to a phenotypic resistance profile for ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, aztreonam, cefepime cefoxitin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam. This case reaffirms the value that laboratory analysis adds to the diagnosis and treatment of cystitis and urolithiasis, which can define the direction of evolution of the prognosis and the speed at which the patient's health will be restored.(AU)

A resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos é uma realidade, tanto na saúde humana quanto veterinária, limita o arsenal terapêutico e eleva os custos relacionados ao tratamento do paciente. Um cão, com sinais de cistite, recebeu tratamento com enrofloxacina, na dose de 5mg/kg, em três momentos seguidos, com baixa efetividade. Identificou-se presença de urólitos uretrais e foi feita uro-hidropropulsão. O animal apresentou nova obstrução, para a qual foi realizada uma cistotomia, mas continuou com sinais de infecção. Realizou-se, então, urocultura e teste de antibiograma. Foi identificada Escherichia coli, que se mostrou resistente a 13 antibióticos, sendo sensível somente à piperacilina-tazobactam e amicacina. No teste de triagem para ß-lactamase, detectou-se a produção de ESßL. A qPCR indicou presença dos genes blaCTXm, blaDHA, blaOXA, blaIMP, blaTEM, blaGIM, blaSIM, blaSPM e blaSME, que podem conduzir um perfil fenotípico de resistência para ampicilina, amoxicilina-ácido clavulânico, aztreonam, cefepima, cefoxitina, cefuroxima, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, imipenem, piperacilina-tazobactam. Este caso reafirma o valor que a análise laboratorial agrega ao diagnóstico e tratamento da cistite e da urolitíase, podendo definir o sentido de evolução do prognóstico e a velocidade em que a saúde do paciente será restabelecia.(AU)

Infecção de trato urinário inferior por Citrobacter sp em cadela com hipoadrenocorticismo / Citrobacter sp lower urinary tract infection in a bitch with hypoadrenocorticism

Citrobacter sp. é um microrganismo frequentemente encontrado em vagina de cadelas, mas corresponde a menos de 3% do total de microrganismos isolados em urocultura. O hipoadrenocorticismo (HA) é uma doença endócrina incomum e que leva a poliúria e hipostenúria. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de uma fêmea da espécie canina, da raça Teckel, 11 anos, atendida com queixa de urina de odor alterado há vários dias, além de vômito, diarreia e inapetência há três dias, e poliúria e polidipsia há 2 meses, com histórico de tratamento anterior com mitotano para hiperadrenocorticismo. O diagnóstico foi de ITU por Citrobactersp., além de HA iatrogênico. Como destaques nos exames, relação sódio:potássio de 22,6 foi observada, sugestiva de HA, que foi confirmado por teste de estimulação com ACTH, além de urina inicialmente hipostenúrica (densidade 1,006), o que pode ser atribuído ao washout medular renal devido à hiponatremia causada pelo hipoadrenocorticismo. O tratamento foi feito com amoxicilina associada a ácido clavulânico por 20 dias, além da terapia específica para HA com prednisona e fludrocortisona, que foi continuado. A paciente recuperou-se bem, a densidade urinária aumentou após início do tratamento para HA e não houve recidiva da ITU em período de acompanhamento de 8 meses. Acredita-se que a baixa densidade urinária causada pelo HA tenha sido fator essencial para a ocorrência da ITU por Citrobacter.

Citrobacter sp. is a normal constituent of bitches' vagina, but it is related to less than 3% of total isolated microorganism in uroculture. Hypoadrenocorticism (HA) is an endocrine disease uncommonly diagnosed that leads to polyuria and hypostenuria. The aim of this work is report the case of a Teckel bitch, 11 years old, attended with complaint of altered urinary smell for several days, besides vomiting, diarrhea and inappetence for three days, and polyuria and polydispsia for two months, with previous mitotane treatment for hyperadrenocorticism. The diagnosis was Citrobacter UTI, besides iatrogenic HA. The most important exam results include sodium:potassium ratio of 22.6, suggestive of HA, that was confirmed by ACTH stimulation test. Besides, hypostenuria (urinary specific gravity ­ USG - of 1.006) was noted, attributed to renal medular washout due to hyponatremia seen in HA. Therapy comprised amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid for 20 days, in addition to specific therapy for AH with prednisone and fludrocortisone. The patient recovery well, USG increased after the beginning of the treatment for HA and there was no UTI reinfection for a 8 month period. It is believed that low USG due to HA was essential for the occurrence of Citrobacter UTI.

Infecção de trato urinário inferior por Citrobacter sp em cadela com hipoadrenocorticismo / Citrobacter sp lower urinary tract infection in a bitch with hypoadrenocorticism

Citrobacter sp. é um microrganismo frequentemente encontrado em vagina de cadelas, mas corresponde a menos de 3% do total de microrganismos isolados em urocultura. O hipoadrenocorticismo (HA) é uma doença endócrina incomum e que leva a poliúria e hipostenúria. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de uma fêmea da espécie canina, da raça Teckel, 11 anos, atendida com queixa de urina de odor alterado há vários dias, além de vômito, diarreia e inapetência há três dias, e poliúria e polidipsia há 2 meses, com histórico de tratamento anterior com mitotano para hiperadrenocorticismo. O diagnóstico foi de ITU por Citrobacter sp., além de HA iatrogênico. Como destaques nos exames, relação sódio:potássio de 22,6 foi observada, sugestiva de HA, que foi confirmado por teste de estimulação com ACTH, além de urina inicialmente hipostenúrica (densidade 1,006), o que pode ser atribuído ao washout medular renal devido à hiponatremia causada pelo hipoadrenocorticismo. O tratamento foi feito com amoxicilina associada a ácido clavulânico por 20 dias, além da terapia específica para HA com prednisona e fludrocortisona, que foi continuado. A paciente recuperou-se bem, a densidade urinária aumentou após início do tratamento para HA e não houve recidiva da ITU em período de acompanhamento de 8 meses. Acredita-se que a baixa densidade urinária causada pelo HA tenha sido fator essencial para a oco

Citrobacter sp. is a normal constituent of bitches vagina, but it is related to less than 3% of total isolated microorganism in uroculture. Hypoadrenocorticism (HA) is an endocrine disease uncommonly diagnosed that leads to polyuria and hypostenuria. The aim of this work is report the case of a Teckel bitch, 11 years old, attended with complaint of altered urinary smell for several days, besides vomiting, diarrhea and inappetence for three days, and polyuria and polydispsia for two months, with previous mitotane treatment for hyperadrenocorticism. The diagnosis was Citrobacter UTI, besides iatrogenic HA. The most important exam results include sodium:potassium ratio of 22.6, suggestive of HA, that was confirmed by ACTH stimulation test. Besides, hypostenuria (urinary specific gravity USG - of 1.006) was noted, attributed to renal medular washout due to hyponatremia seen in HA. Therapy comprised amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid for 20 days, in addition to specific therapy for AH with prednisone and fludrocortisone. The patient recovery well, USG increased after the beginning of the treatment for HA and there was no UTI reinfection for a 8 month period. It is believed that low USG due to HA was essential for the occurrence of Citrobacter UTI.(AU)

Infecção de trato urinário inferior por Citrobacter sp em cadela com hipoadrenocorticismo / Citrobacter sp lower urinary tract infection in a bitch with hypoadrenocorticism

Citrobacter sp. é um microrganismo frequentemente encontrado em vagina de cadelas, mas corresponde a menos de 3% do total de microrganismos isolados em urocultura. O hipoadrenocorticismo (HA) é uma doença endócrina incomum e que leva a poliúria e hipostenúria. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de uma fêmea da espécie canina, da raça Teckel, 11 anos, atendida com queixa de urina de odor alterado há vários dias, além de vômito, diarreia e inapetência há três dias, e poliúria e polidipsia há 2 meses, com histórico de tratamento anterior com mitotano para hiperadrenocorticismo. O diagnóstico foi de ITU por Citrobacter sp., além de HA iatrogênico. Como destaques nos exames, relação sódio:potássio de 22,6 foi observada, sugestiva de HA, que foi confirmado por teste de estimulação com ACTH, além de urina inicialmente hipostenúrica (densidade 1,006), o que pode ser atribuído ao washout medular renal devido à hiponatremia causada pelo hipoadrenocorticismo. O tratamento foi feito com amoxicilina associada a ácido clavulânico por 20 dias, além da terapia específica para HA com prednisona e fludrocortisona, que foi continuado. A paciente recuperou-se bem, a densidade urinária aumentou após início do tratamento para HA e não houve recidiva da ITU em período de acompanhamento de 8 meses. Acredita-se que a baixa densidade urinária causada pelo HA tenha sido fator essencial para a oco

Citrobacter sp. is a normal constituent of bitches’ vagina, but it is related to less than 3% of total isolated microorganism in uroculture. Hypoadrenocorticism (HA) is an endocrine disease uncommonly diagnosed that leads to polyuria and hypostenuria. The aim of this work is report the case of a Teckel bitch, 11 years old, attended with complaint of altered urinary smell for several days, besides vomiting, diarrhea and inappetence for three days, and polyuria and polydispsia for two months, with previous mitotane treatment for hyperadrenocorticism. The diagnosis was Citrobacter UTI, besides iatrogenic HA. The most important exam results include sodium:potassium ratio of 22.6, suggestive of HA, that was confirmed by ACTH stimulation test. Besides, hypostenuria (urinary specific gravity – USG - of 1.006) was noted, attributed to renal medular washout due to hyponatremia seen in HA. Therapy comprised amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid for 20 days, in addition to specific therapy for AH with prednisone and fludrocortisone. The patient recovery well, USG increased after the beginning of the treatment for HA and there was no UTI reinfection for a 8 month period. It is believed that low USG due to HA was essential for the occurrence of Citrobacter UTI.

Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) in dog nutrition: influence on diet digestibility and palatability and in the course of urinary tract infections / [Cranberrys (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) na nutrição de cães: influência na digestibilidade e palatabilidade da dieta e no curso de infecções do trato urinário

The objective was to evaluate the effects of cranberry on blood and urinary parameters of dogs (experiment I), digestibility of nutrients (experiment II), palatability of diet (experiment III) and the influence of cranberry on E. coli UPEC-MRHA fimbriae in vitro (experiment IV). For experiment I and II, ten dogs were fed with diets containing 0% or 0.4% cranberry for 30 days. Experiment III compared the diets containing 0% and 0.4% cranberry using 16 adult dogs. There were no statistical differences (P>0.05) in the blood parameters evaluated. Dogs consuming cranberry presented lighter color and appearance of urine, compared to the control group (P<0.05). The diet containing cranberry showed higher digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, higher metabolizable energy (P<0.05) and reduced fecal sialic acid concentration (P<0.05) compared to the control diet. There was no influence of cranberry on the formation of fimbriae of E. coli UPEC-MRHA. There was a lower intake ratio of the diet containing cranberry (P<0.05). The inclusion of 0.4% cranberry increases the digestibility of nutrients and influences the color and appearance of urine of dogs. However, it reduces diet palatability and does not alter the adhesion of E. coli UPEC-MRHA in vitro.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos do cranberry nos parâmetros sanguíneos e urinários de cães (experimento I), na digestibilidade dos nutrientes (experimento II), na palatabilidade da dieta (experimento III) e a influência do cranberry sobre E. coli UPEC-MRHA fimbriae in vitro (experimento IV). Para os experimentos I e II, 10 cães foram alimentados com dietas contendo 0% ou 0,4% de cranberry por 30 dias. O experimento III comparou as dietas contendo 0% e 0,4% de cranberry usando 16 cães adultos. Não houve diferenças estatísticas (P>0,05) nos parâmetros sanguíneos avaliados. Cães que consumiram cranberry apresentaram cor e aparência mais claras da urina, em comparação com o grupo controle (P<0,05). A dieta contendo cranberry apresentou maior digestibilidade da matéria seca, extrato etéreo, matéria orgânica, maior energia metabolizável (P<0,05) e menor concentração de ácido siálico fecal (P<0,05) comparada à dieta controle. Não houve influência do cranberry na formação de fímbrias de E. coli UPEC-MRHA. Houve uma menor taxa de ingestão da dieta contendo cranberry (P<0,05). A inclusão de 0,4% de cranberry aumenta a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, influencia a cor e a aparência da urina dos cães. No entanto, reduz a palatabilidade da dieta e não altera a adesão de E. coli UPEC-MRHA in vitro.(AU)

Cistite flegmonosa severa: relato de caso / Severe phlegmonous cystitis: case report

Relata-se um caso de cistite flegmonosa severa, ou cistite purulenta, decorrente de infecção por bactérias em uma fêmea da espécie ca-nina, da raça dachshund, com nove anos de idade, apresentando disúria há aproximadamente uma semana. Exames bioquímicos foram realizados, além de análise de cálculo e exame de ultrassonografia abdominal. Os exames de bioquímica não apresentaram alterações. A análise de cálculos apresentou carbonato de cálcio/urato. A confirma-ção do diagnóstico foi obtida pela ultrassonografia com a visualização de uma área de aspecto heterogêneo, hipoecogênico e hiperecogê-nico em região caudal à bexiga. O animal passou por cirurgia, na qual foi retirada uma massa aderida à bexiga, e encaminhada para exame histológico, resultando em perda de revestimento epitelial e severa infiltração leucocitária. Este relato salienta a importância do diagnóstico, que pode ser realizado com o emprego de exames laboratoriais e exames de imagem, como importantes auxiliares.

A case of severe phlegmonous cystitis or purulent cystitis due to bacterial infection is reported in a 9-year-old female dog of the Dachshund breed, presenting dysuria about a week ago. Biochemical examinations were performed, besides calculation analysis and abdominal ultrasound examination. The biochemistry exams did not present alterations. Calculation analysis showed calcium carbonate/urate. The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography in which a heterogeneous, hypoechogenic and hyperechogenic aspect was seen in the caudal region of the bladder. The animal underwent surgery, in which a mass adhered to the bladder was removed and sent for histological examination, resulting in loss of epithelial lining and severe leukocyte infiltration. This report emphasizes the importance of diagnosis, which can be performed through laboratory and imaging tests as important auxiliaries.

Cistite flegmonosa severa: relato de caso / Severe phlegmonous cystitis: case report

Relata-se um caso de cistite flegmonosa severa, ou cistite purulenta, decorrente de infecção por bactérias em uma fêmea da espécie ca-nina, da raça dachshund, com nove anos de idade, apresentando disúria há aproximadamente uma semana. Exames bioquímicos foram realizados, além de análise de cálculo e exame de ultrassonografia abdominal. Os exames de bioquímica não apresentaram alterações. A análise de cálculos apresentou carbonato de cálcio/urato. A confirma-ção do diagnóstico foi obtida pela ultrassonografia com a visualização de uma área de aspecto heterogêneo, hipoecogênico e hiperecogê-nico em região caudal à bexiga. O animal passou por cirurgia, na qual foi retirada uma massa aderida à bexiga, e encaminhada para exame histológico, resultando em perda de revestimento epitelial e severa infiltração leucocitária. Este relato salienta a importância do diagnóstico, que pode ser realizado com o emprego de exames laboratoriais e exames de imagem, como importantes auxiliares.(AU)

A case of severe phlegmonous cystitis or purulent cystitis due to bacterial infection is reported in a 9-year-old female dog of the Dachshund breed, presenting dysuria about a week ago. Biochemical examinations were performed, besides calculation analysis and abdominal ultrasound examination. The biochemistry exams did not present alterations. Calculation analysis showed calcium carbonate/urate. The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography in which a heterogeneous, hypoechogenic and hyperechogenic aspect was seen in the caudal region of the bladder. The animal underwent surgery, in which a mass adhered to the bladder was removed and sent for histological examination, resulting in loss of epithelial lining and severe leukocyte infiltration. This report emphasizes the importance of diagnosis, which can be performed through laboratory and imaging tests as important auxiliaries.(AU)

Síndrome de Pandora: aspectos psiconeuroendócrinos / Pandoras syndrome: psychoneuroendocrine aspects

Pandora syndrome is the latest term used to name a set of disorders resulting from feline interstitial cystitis, which features not only problems in the lower urinary tract, but also psychological and endocrine aspects. Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) includes any change that affects the urinary bladder or urethra of domestic cats. Among those changes, interstitial cystitis (Idiopathic Cystitis) is currently one of the most common causes of FLUTD. This condition of psychoneuroendocrine, inflammatory and non-infectious character leads to systemic injuries that may affect several organs. The Pandora syndrome refers to Greek mythology due the vast range of lesions and its complex diagnosis.

A Síndrome de Pandora é o termo mais recente usado para denominar um conjunto de distúrbios resultantes da Cistite Intersticial felina, que não caracteriza apenas problemas no trato urinário inferior, mas também aspectos psicológicos e endócrinos. A Doença do Trato Urinário Inferior dos Felinos (DTUIF) compreende qualquer alteração que afeta vesícula urinária ou uretra de gatos domésticos. Dentre essas alterações, acredita-se que a Cistite Intersticial (Cistite Idiopática) seja uma das causas mais comuns de DTUIF atualmente. Essa afecção de caráter psiconeuroendócrino, inflamatório e não infeccioso leva a lesões sistêmicas, podendo acometer diversos órgãos. Desta maneira, a Síndrome de Pandora remete à mitologia grega devido à vasta extensão das lesões e seu complexo diagnóstico.

Síndrome de Pandora: aspectos psiconeuroendócrinos / Pandoras syndrome: psychoneuroendocrine aspects

Pandora syndrome is the latest term used to name a set of disorders resulting from feline interstitial cystitis, which features not only problems in the lower urinary tract, but also psychological and endocrine aspects. Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) includes any change that affects the urinary bladder or urethra of domestic cats. Among those changes, interstitial cystitis (Idiopathic Cystitis) is currently one of the most common causes of FLUTD. This condition of psychoneuroendocrine, inflammatory and non-infectious character leads to systemic injuries that may affect several organs. The Pandora syndrome refers to Greek mythology due the vast range of lesions and its complex diagnosis.(AU)

A Síndrome de Pandora é o termo mais recente usado para denominar um conjunto de distúrbios resultantes da Cistite Intersticial felina, que não caracteriza apenas problemas no trato urinário inferior, mas também aspectos psicológicos e endócrinos. A Doença do Trato Urinário Inferior dos Felinos (DTUIF) compreende qualquer alteração que afeta vesícula urinária ou uretra de gatos domésticos. Dentre essas alterações, acredita-se que a Cistite Intersticial (Cistite Idiopática) seja uma das causas mais comuns de DTUIF atualmente. Essa afecção de caráter psiconeuroendócrino, inflamatório e não infeccioso leva a lesões sistêmicas, podendo acometer diversos órgãos. Desta maneira, a Síndrome de Pandora remete à mitologia grega devido à vasta extensão das lesões e seu complexo diagnóstico.(AU)

Complicações de urolitíase por oxalato de cálcio em cão uretrostomisado – Relato de Caso / Complications of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a urethrosed dog - Case report

The present study aims to report a male canine patient with calcium oxalate urolithiasis,who suffered complications of perineal urethrostomy. Cases of urolithiasis frequentlypresent in dogs, however, their complications are rarely mentioned in the literature,especially when the therapeutic protocol fails.

Complicações de urolitíase por oxalato de cálcio em cão uretrostomisado Relato de Caso / Complications of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a urethrosed dog - Case report

The present study aims to report a male canine patient with calcium oxalate urolithiasis,who suffered complications of perineal urethrostomy. Cases of urolithiasis frequentlypresent in dogs, however, their complications are rarely mentioned in the literature,especially when the therapeutic protocol fails.(AU)

Frequência de bacteriúria em gatos com doença do trato urinário inferior de felinos / Frequency of bacteriuria in cats with feline lower urinary tract disease

Cases of urinary infections are generally rare in cats, but is one of the etiologies of the feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). This study aimed to determine the incidence of bacteriuria in these cases. For two years, were evaluated 46 records of the disease. Laboratory results showed that 24% of the animals had bacteria in the sediment. It follows therefore that the urinalysis is a key test for the monitoring of animals with clinical signs of FLUTD, with a high incidence of bacteriúria among the evaluated animals.

Frequência de bacteriúria em gatos com doença do trato urinário inferior de felinos / Frequency of bacteriuria in cats with feline lower urinary tract disease

Cases of urinary infections are generally rare in cats, but is one of the etiologies of the feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). This study aimed to determine the incidence of bacteriuria in these cases. For two years, were evaluated 46 records of the disease. Laboratory results showed that 24% of the animals had bacteria in the sediment. It follows therefore that the urinalysis is a key test for the monitoring of animals with clinical signs of FLUTD, with a high incidence of bacteriúria among the evaluated animals.(AU)