Resumo
The anatomy of the thymus was described in thirty chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) of the Isa Brow line. Samples were prepared by fixation and preservation in 10% formalin solution and analyzed by subsequent dissection. The thymus lobes were found along the ventral region of the neck from the third cervical vertebra to the proximity to the clavicular bones in relation to the vagus nerve, the common artery of the vagus nerve and the jugular vein. The number of lobes ranged from four or five to the right antimere and three to five to the left. The mean lobe size was 0.80 x 0.43 x 0.38 cm for the cranial lobe, 1.53 x 0.81 x 0.42 cm for the middle cranial lobe, 2.10 x 0.64 x 0.46 for the middle lobe, 2.29 x 0.89 x 0.59 for the middle caudal lobe and 3.82 x 1.39 x 1.11 cm for the caudal lobe in the right antimere. In the left antimere, 0.80 x 0.41 x 0.37 cm was recorded for the cranial lobe, 1.55 x 0.80 x 0.44 cm for the middle cranial lobe, 2.37 x 0.87 x 0.56 for the middle lobe, 2.37 x 0.85 x 0.60 for the middle caudal lobe and 3.89 x 1.43 x 1.08 cm for the caudal lobe. The thymus of birds from the Isa Brow lineage presented characteristics similar to those found in other lineages with respect to the division of lobes and topography. However, skeletal, syntopic and holotopic disparities were observed that indicate some unique characteristics of the thymus in this lineage.
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/veterinária , Tecido Linfoide , Timo/anatomia & histologiaResumo
The anatomy of the thymus was described in thirty chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) of the Isa Brow line. Samples were prepared by fixation and preservation in 10% formalin solution and analyzed by subsequent dissection. The thymus lobes were found along the ventral region of the neck from the third cervical vertebra to the proximity to the clavicular bones in relation to the vagus nerve, the common artery of the vagus nerve and the jugular vein. The number of lobes ranged from four or five to the right antimere and three to five to the left. The mean lobe size was 0.80 x 0.43 x 0.38 cm for the cranial lobe, 1.53 x 0.81 x 0.42 cm for the middle cranial lobe, 2.10 x 0.64 x 0.46 for the middle lobe, 2.29 x 0.89 x 0.59 for the middle caudal lobe and 3.82 x 1.39 x 1.11 cm for the caudal lobe in the right antimere. In the left antimere, 0.80 x 0.41 x 0.37 cm was recorded for the cranial lobe, 1.55 x 0.80 x 0.44 cm for the middle cranial lobe, 2.37 x 0.87 x 0.56 for the middle lobe, 2.37 x 0.85 x 0.60 for the middle caudal lobe and 3.89 x 1.43 x 1.08 cm for the caudal lobe. The thymus of birds from the Isa Brow lineage presented characteristics similar to those found in other lineages with respect to the division of lobes and topography. However, skeletal, syntopic and holotopic disparities were observed that indicate some unique characteristics of the thymus in this lineage.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Timo/anatomia & histologia , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/veterinária , Tecido LinfoideResumo
Salmonellosis is an infection caused by specific or non specific serotypes of theSalmonella genus, responsible for losses in the poultry industry. Fowl typhoid, caused by S. Gallinarum (SG) is important because it causes elevated mortality in adult birds, leading to economic losses in the poultry industry. This study aimed at quantifying the number of viable SG cells in the liver, spleen, lung, cecum, and reproductive tract (ovary and testicles) of experimentally inoculated Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix), as well as SG shedding in their feces. One hundred and two Japanese quails, with four months of age at the beginning of the experiment, were used. The birds were inoculated with three bacterial cultures containing different concentrations (6x104CFU/0.1mL, 2x105 CFU/0.4mL, or 5x106CFU/0.2mL) of SG resistant to nalidixic acid. On days 1, 4, 7, and 14 after the inoculation (dpi) individual cloacal swabs were collected from six birds per group, which were subsequently sacrificed for organ sampling. The swab samples were streaked directly on plates containing brilliant green agar and nalidixic acid (VBNal). Samples that were negative after 24h, were streaked again. The collected organs were individually macerated and transferred to buffered peptone water at 0.1%. The solutions were immediately diluted serially for CFU counting in VBNal. SG was successfully recovered from one quail, which was inoculated with 2x105 CFU/0.4mL, and from five quails of the group inoculated with 5x106CFU/0.2mL inoculum. All of the analyzed cloacal swab samples were negative. Therefore, this study demonstrated it was difficult to isolate SG from the analyzed organs and that it was not possible to recover thepathogen in the cloacal swabs collected from inoculated quails. These results may be explained by the absence of flagella in SG, inducing weak intestinal immune response in the beginning of the infection and preventing its isolation in cloacal swab samples. The low positivity rate of the analyzed organs may be due to the immune status of the euthanized birds, since the SG dissemination in the animal organism occurs mostly close to death, which was observed in the birds found dead during the experiment.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Coturnix/anormalidades , Coturnix/anatomia & histologia , Infecções por Salmonella/fisiopatologia , Infecções por Salmonella/reabilitaçãoResumo
Salmonellosis is an infection caused by specific or non specific serotypes of theSalmonella genus, responsible for losses in the poultry industry. Fowl typhoid, caused by S. Gallinarum (SG) is important because it causes elevated mortality in adult birds, leading to economic losses in the poultry industry. This study aimed at quantifying the number of viable SG cells in the liver, spleen, lung, cecum, and reproductive tract (ovary and testicles) of experimentally inoculated Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix), as well as SG shedding in their feces. One hundred and two Japanese quails, with four months of age at the beginning of the experiment, were used. The birds were inoculated with three bacterial cultures containing different concentrations (6x104CFU/0.1mL, 2x105 CFU/0.4mL, or 5x106CFU/0.2mL) of SG resistant to nalidixic acid. On days 1, 4, 7, and 14 after the inoculation (dpi) individual cloacal swabs were collected from six birds per group, which were subsequently sacrificed for organ sampling. The swab samples were streaked directly on plates containing brilliant green agar and nalidixic acid (VBNal). Samples that were negative after 24h, were streaked again. The collected organs were individually macerated and transferred to buffered peptone water at 0.1%. The solutions were immediately diluted serially for CFU counting in VBNal. SG was successfully recovered from one quail, which was inoculated with 2x105 CFU/0.4mL, and from five quails of the group inoculated with 5x106CFU/0.2mL inoculum. All of the analyzed cloacal swab samples were negative. Therefore, this study demonstrated it was difficult to isolate SG from the analyzed organs and that it was not possible to recover thepathogen in the cloacal swabs collected from inoculated quails. These results may be explained by the absence of flagella in SG, inducing weak intestinal immune response in the beginning of the infection and preventing its isolation in cloacal swab samples. The low positivity rate of the analyzed organs may be due to the immune status of the euthanized birds, since the SG dissemination in the animal organism occurs mostly close to death, which was observed in the birds found dead during the experiment.