Effect of Sunflower Kernel Peptides Produced by Dual-Degradation on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Health Status of Broilers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sunflower kernel peptides produced by enzymatic digestion, fermentation, or both on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health status of broilers. Four diets contained 20% of sunflower kernel meal as its raw form (CON) or degraded by protease (ESM), Bacillus pumilus (FSM), or both (DSM). A total of 480 yellow broilers at one day old were randomly distributed to 4 groups with 6 replicates of 20 chicks each. The feeding trial lasted for 63 d. Results showed that peptide content was increased (p<0.001) from 3.97% (CON) to 32.5% (ESM), 24.2% (FSM), and 39.1% (DSM). The three sunflower peptide groups improved (p≤0.001) feed intake and body weight gain. The peptide groups increased (p≤0.015) ileal apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein, and amino acids (methionine, lysine, tryptophan, and threonine). Furthermore, the peptide groups improved (p≤0.029) the health status by increasing serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG) and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, among the peptide groups, DSM showed more pronounced effects (p<0.05) on these parameters than ESM or FSM. It is concluded that dual-degradation by enzymolysis and fermentation has a better improvement in the nutrition and application of sunflower kernel meal in broilers.(AU)

Productive flight activity of bees in the active period in the conditions of Vinnytsia region

The study aimed to identify the relationship between pollen collection, nectar, and seasonal dynamics of the brood of the bee colonies of the Ukrainian bee breed to study their active activity when changing the period of the active season. We compared the collection of nectar and pollen from honey plants of the garden, white acacia, and sunflower. The number of bees bringing pollen and nectar to the hive was recorded. The active work of bees to collect pollen is associated with the work of the uterus to lay eggs and the number of broods in the hives. Bee colonies increase their flight activity by collecting pollen in early spring and summer. By the beginning of the main honey harvest, pollination work is minimized, especially during the flowering of white acacia, and they switch to collecting nectar. Analysis of the results allows us to conclude that bees' daily dynamics that produce pollen increase in the spring to May and June.(AU)

Productive flight activity of bees in the active period in the conditions of Vinnytsia region

The study aimed to identify the relationship between pollen collection, nectar, and seasonal dynamics of the brood of the bee colonies of the Ukrainian bee breed to study their active activity when changing the period of the active season. We compared the collection of nectar and pollen from honey plants of the garden, white acacia, and sunflower. The number of bees bringing pollen and nectar to the hive was recorded. The active work of bees to collect pollen is associated with the work of the uterus to lay eggs and the number of broods in the hives. Bee colonies increase their flight activity by collecting pollen in early spring and summer. By the beginning of the main honey harvest, pollination work is minimized, especially during the flowering of white acacia, and they switch to collecting nectar. Analysis of the results allows us to conclude that bees' daily dynamics that produce pollen increase in the spring to May and June.

Effect of the diet on performance characteristics and quality of meat fat of lamb by principal component analysis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of use of agroindustrial co-products in the diet of lambs on the performance and nutritional quality of meat fat. Twenty lambs were distributed into four experimental groups: control diet (C) or diets containing cottonseed (CS), sunflower meal (SFM), and castor cake (CC). During the experimental period, data on dry matter consumption (DMC) and total weight gain (TWG) were collected. After slaughter, samples of Logissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were taken for fatty acids and cholesterol analysis. Diets C and CS provided similar characteristics of fat quality and animal performance. However, SFM and CC diets tend to form isolated groups, with different fat and performance characteristics. The SFM diet results in meat with a higher saturated fatty acids and cholesterol content. The CC diet is related to improved performance characteristics and lower cholesterol content. In conclusion, the inclusion of CC in the experimental diets provided, in the proportions used in this experiment, better characteristics of animal performance and meat fat quality.(AU)

Effect of the diet on performance characteristics and quality of meat fat of lamb by principal component analysis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of use of agroindustrial co-products in the diet of lambs on the performance and nutritional quality of meat fat. Twenty lambs were distributed into four experimental groups: control diet (C) or diets containing cottonseed (CS), sunflower meal (SFM), and castor cake (CC). During the experimental period, data on dry matter consumption (DMC) and total weight gain (TWG) were collected. After slaughter, samples of Logissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were taken for fatty acids and cholesterol analysis. Diets C and CS provided similar characteristics of fat quality and animal performance. However, SFM and CC diets tend to form isolated groups, with different fat and performance characteristics. The SFM diet results in meat with a higher saturated fatty acids and cholesterol content. The CC diet is related to improved performance characteristics and lower cholesterol content. In conclusion, the inclusion of CC in the experimental diets provided, in the proportions used in this experiment, better characteristics of animal performance and meat fat quality.

Efficacy of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray on the inhibition of larval development of Haemonchus contortus / Eficácia de Tithonia diversifolia(Hemsl) A. Gray na inibição do desenvolvimento larval de Haemonchus contortus

Sheep farming is an important economic activity from a commercial and subsistence perspective. However, helminth infections present a large sanitary problem for the production, especially haemonchosis caused by strains resistant to traditional anthelmintics. Here, we evaluated the effects of the stem and leaf of Tithonia diversifolia on the inhibition of Haemonchus contortus larval development. We performed a quantitative fecal culture test with feces of sheep inoculated with larvae tolerant to albendazole. Fecal cultures were treated with leaf or stem powder and were compared to the controls containing distilled water or levamisole. The T. diversifolia leaf and stem powders significantly reduced the production of H. contortus larvae. However, leaf powder was more effective, with 64.95% efficacy in the reduction of larvae production, representing a promising alternative in the integrated control of this nematode.

A ovinocultura é uma importante atividade econômica em escala comercial e de subsistência. No entanto, um dos maiores desafios nessa atividade são as verminoses, destacando-se a haemoncose ocasionada por cepas resistentes a anti-helmínticos. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do caule e folha de Tithonia diversifolia soba inibição do desenvolvimento de larvas de Haemonchus contortus. Foram realizadas coproculturas quantitativas com fezes de ovinos inoculados com larvas do nematódeo toleranteao albendazol. Foram avaliadas as produções de larvas infectantes em coproculturas tratadas: com pó da folha e do caule e com o extrato aquoso do caule da planta comparando-se com o tratamento controle contendo água destilada e levamisol. O pó da folha e do caule de T. diversifoliareduziram significativamente a produção de larvas infectantes de H. contortus. Entretanto, o pó das folhas foi mais efetivo, promovendo eficácia de 64,95% na redução de larvas em coproculturas, representando uma alternativa promissora no controle integrado do nematódeo.

Efficacy of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray on the inhibition of larval development of Haemonchus contortus / Eficácia de Tithonia diversifolia(Hemsl) A. Gray na inibição do desenvolvimento larval de Haemonchus contortus

Sheep farming is an important economic activity from a commercial and subsistence perspective. However, helminth infections present a large sanitary problem for the production, especially haemonchosis caused by strains resistant to traditional anthelmintics. Here, we evaluated the effects of the stem and leaf of Tithonia diversifolia on the inhibition of Haemonchus contortus larval development. We performed a quantitative fecal culture test with feces of sheep inoculated with larvae tolerant to albendazole. Fecal cultures were treated with leaf or stem powder and were compared to the controls containing distilled water or levamisole. The T. diversifolia leaf and stem powders significantly reduced the production of H. contortus larvae. However, leaf powder was more effective, with 64.95% efficacy in the reduction of larvae production, representing a promising alternative in the integrated control of this nematode.  

A ovinocultura é uma importante atividade econômica em escala comercial e de subsistência. No entanto, um dos maiores desafios nessa atividade são as verminoses, destacando-se a haemoncose ocasionada por cepas resistentes a anti-helmínticos. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do caule e folha de Tithonia diversifolia soba inibição do desenvolvimento de larvas de Haemonchus contortus. Foram realizadas coproculturas quantitativas com fezes de ovinos inoculados com larvas do nematódeo toleranteao albendazol. Foram avaliadas as produções de larvas infectantes em coproculturas tratadas: com pó da folha e do caule e com o extrato aquoso do caule da planta comparando-se com o tratamento controle contendo água destilada e levamisol. O pó da folha e do caule de T. diversifoliareduziram significativamente a produção de larvas infectantes de H. contortus. Entretanto, o pó das folhas foi mais efetivo, promovendo eficácia de 64,95% na redução de larvas em coproculturas, representando uma alternativa promissora no controle integrado do nematódeo.(AU)

Topical ozone therapy in the treatment of pharmacodermia in a dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: Pharmacodermia is a drug reaction that manifests itself on the skin and mucous membranes. The main drugsthat cause pharmacodermia are β-lactam antibiotics. It has a rare occurrence in dogs and may present different clinical signs.Ozone therapy is used to treat various conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. This therapy acts throughoxidative stress generating a positive inflammatory response to the body and stimulating the formation of granulation tissue andangiogenesis. Since pharmacodermia is rare in dogs and reports of ozonized sunflower oil and ozone for treat pharmacodermiais are rare in the literature, this paper aimed to report the use of ozonized sunflower oil in the treatment of pharmacodermiain a young female Rottweiler dog assisted and treated at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil.Case: A 2-year-old Rottweiler female, weighting 53.3 kg was attended at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns (Pernambuco- PE) with a history of dystocia. The dog was submitted to ovary-hysterectomy under general anesthesia. After anesthesiarecovery was prescribed omeprazol (1 mg/kg, orally (P.O) SID for 10 days), cephalexin (20 mg/kg, P.O. BID for 10 days),tramadol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg, P.O. BID for seven days), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg, P.O. SID for three days), and the use ofElizabethan collar. Furthermore, for topical treatment was described chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2%) and ointment of allantoin and zinc oxide, SID, for 10 days. Seven days after the surgical procedure, the owner’s dog reported by a telephone callthe appearance of wounds in the dorsal region of the dog. Ten days after surgery, the dog returned to the veterinary clinic forstitches removal and wounds evaluation. During the physical examination, observed the presence of two cutaneous wounds,one located in the cervicothoracic region and the other wound...

Topical ozone therapy in the treatment of pharmacodermia in a dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: Pharmacodermia is a drug reaction that manifests itself on the skin and mucous membranes. The main drugsthat cause pharmacodermia are β-lactam antibiotics. It has a rare occurrence in dogs and may present different clinical signs.Ozone therapy is used to treat various conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. This therapy acts throughoxidative stress generating a positive inflammatory response to the body and stimulating the formation of granulation tissue andangiogenesis. Since pharmacodermia is rare in dogs and reports of ozonized sunflower oil and ozone for treat pharmacodermiais are rare in the literature, this paper aimed to report the use of ozonized sunflower oil in the treatment of pharmacodermiain a young female Rottweiler dog assisted and treated at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil.Case: A 2-year-old Rottweiler female, weighting 53.3 kg was attended at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns (Pernambuco- PE) with a history of dystocia. The dog was submitted to ovary-hysterectomy under general anesthesia. After anesthesiarecovery was prescribed omeprazol (1 mg/kg, orally (P.O) SID for 10 days), cephalexin (20 mg/kg, P.O. BID for 10 days),tramadol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg, P.O. BID for seven days), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg, P.O. SID for three days), and the use ofElizabethan collar. Furthermore, for topical treatment was described chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2%) and ointment of allantoin and zinc oxide, SID, for 10 days. Seven days after the surgical procedure, the owners dog reported by a telephone callthe appearance of wounds in the dorsal region of the dog. Ten days after surgery, the dog returned to the veterinary clinic forstitches removal and wounds evaluation. During the physical examination, observed the presence of two cutaneous wounds,one located in the cervicothoracic region and the other wound...(AU)

Oilseeds in diets of fattening lambs / Oleaginosas em dietas para cordeiros em engorda

An experiment was conducted to compare different oilseeds in replacement of ground corn in diets of fattening lambs, evaluating performance, apparent diet digestibility, ingestive behavior, and carcass traits. Twenty-four crossbred lambs, three months old and with initial body weight 25.97 ± 0.75 kg, were kept in individual pens. The animals received one of the following diets: ‘control’ (no oilseeds, 3.11% Ether Extract - EE), ‘cottonseed’ (6.14% EE), ‘sunflower’ (6.33% EE), and ‘soybean’ (6.30% EE). All diets contained 23.63% of coast cross hay and 76.37% of concentrate. After 84 days in feedlot, the animals were slaughtered and the carcasses were evaluated. The dry matter intake (DMI) and daily weight gain (DWG) of animals fed with the control diet was higher than sunflower (P≤0.05). Final body weight and carcass weight were higher (P≤0.05) in the control (42.42 kg and 19.27 kg, respectively) than for sunflower diet (34.85 kg and 16.05 kg, respectively). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was reduced (P≤0.05) when the animals received cottonseed diet (50.34%) in comparison to soybean (71.07%), sunflower (67.07%) and control (66.50%). NDF digestibility for soybean, sunflower and control diets did not differ from each other. Lower (P≤0.05) EE digestibility was observed for the control diet (73.67%). There were no differences (P≥0.05) in the ingestive behavior, however, the addition of cottonseed or sunflower negatively affected (P≤0.05) rumination efficiency of NDF. Sunflower should not be included in high concentrate diets for fattening lambs.

Um experimento foi conduzido para comparar diferentes oleaginosas em substituição ao milho moído na dieta de cordeiros em engorda, avaliando o desempenho, a digestibilidade aparente da dieta, o comportamento ingestivo e as características de carcaça. Vinte e quatro cordeiros cruzados, com 3 meses de idade e peso corporal inicial de 25,97 ± 0,75 kg, foram mantidos em baias individuais. Eles receberam uma das seguintes dietas ou tratamentos: ‘controle’ (sem grãos de oleaginosas, 3,11% de Extrato Etéreo - EE), ‘caroço de algodão’ (6,14% EE), ‘girassol’ (6,33% EE) e ‘soja’ (6,30% EE). Todas as dietas continham 23,63% de feno de coast cross e 76,37% de concentrado. Após 84 dias de confinamento, os animais foram abatidos e as carcaças avaliadas. O consumo de matéria seca e ganho de peso diário dos animais alimentados com a dieta controle foi maior daqueles alimentados com girassol (P≤0,05). O peso corporal final e o peso da carcaça foram maiores (P≤0,05) para aqueles alimentados com a dieta controle (42,42 kg e 19,27 kg, respectivamente) que aqueles da dieta com girassol (34,85 kg e 16,05 kg, respectivamente). A digestibilidade da Fibra em Detergente Neutro (FDN) foi reduzida (P≤0,05) quando os animais receberam caroço de algodão (50,34%) comparado à soja (71,07%); para as dietas com girassol (67,07%) e controle (66,50%) não houve diferenças das demais. Menor (P≤0,05) digestibilidade do extrato etéreo foi observada para a dieta controle (73,67%). Não houve diferenças (P≥0,05) no comportamento ingestivo, no entanto, a inclusão de caroço de algodão ou girassol afetou negativamente (P≤0,05) a eficiência de ruminação da FDN. Grãos de girassol não devem ser incluídos em dietas de alto concentrado para cordeiros em engorda.

Oilseeds in diets of fattening lambs / Oleaginosas em dietas para cordeiros em engorda

An experiment was conducted to compare different oilseeds in replacement of ground corn in diets of fattening lambs, evaluating performance, apparent diet digestibility, ingestive behavior, and carcass traits. Twenty-four crossbred lambs, three months old and with initial body weight 25.97 ± 0.75 kg, were kept in individual pens. The animals received one of the following diets: ‘control (no oilseeds, 3.11% Ether Extract - EE), ‘cottonseed (6.14% EE), ‘sunflower (6.33% EE), and ‘soybean (6.30% EE). All diets contained 23.63% of coast cross hay and 76.37% of concentrate. After 84 days in feedlot, the animals were slaughtered and the carcasses were evaluated. The dry matter intake (DMI) and daily weight gain (DWG) of animals fed with the control diet was higher than sunflower (P≤0.05). Final body weight and carcass weight were higher (P≤0.05) in the control (42.42 kg and 19.27 kg, respectively) than for sunflower diet (34.85 kg and 16.05 kg, respectively). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was reduced (P≤0.05) when the animals received cottonseed diet (50.34%) in comparison to soybean (71.07%), sunflower (67.07%) and control (66.50%). NDF digestibility for soybean, sunflower and control diets did not differ from each other. Lower (P≤0.05) EE digestibility was observed for the control diet (73.67%). There were no differences (P≥0.05) in the ingestive behavior, however, the addition of cottonseed or sunflower negatively affected (P≤0.05) rumination efficiency of NDF. Sunflower should not be included in high concentrate diets for fattening lambs.(AU)

Um experimento foi conduzido para comparar diferentes oleaginosas em substituição ao milho moído na dieta de cordeiros em engorda, avaliando o desempenho, a digestibilidade aparente da dieta, o comportamento ingestivo e as características de carcaça. Vinte e quatro cordeiros cruzados, com 3 meses de idade e peso corporal inicial de 25,97 ± 0,75 kg, foram mantidos em baias individuais. Eles receberam uma das seguintes dietas ou tratamentos: ‘controle (sem grãos de oleaginosas, 3,11% de Extrato Etéreo - EE), ‘caroço de algodão (6,14% EE), ‘girassol (6,33% EE) e ‘soja (6,30% EE). Todas as dietas continham 23,63% de feno de coast cross e 76,37% de concentrado. Após 84 dias de confinamento, os animais foram abatidos e as carcaças avaliadas. O consumo de matéria seca e ganho de peso diário dos animais alimentados com a dieta controle foi maior daqueles alimentados com girassol (P≤0,05). O peso corporal final e o peso da carcaça foram maiores (P≤0,05) para aqueles alimentados com a dieta controle (42,42 kg e 19,27 kg, respectivamente) que aqueles da dieta com girassol (34,85 kg e 16,05 kg, respectivamente). A digestibilidade da Fibra em Detergente Neutro (FDN) foi reduzida (P≤0,05) quando os animais receberam caroço de algodão (50,34%) comparado à soja (71,07%); para as dietas com girassol (67,07%) e controle (66,50%) não houve diferenças das demais. Menor (P≤0,05) digestibilidade do extrato etéreo foi observada para a dieta controle (73,67%). Não houve diferenças (P≥0,05) no comportamento ingestivo, no entanto, a inclusão de caroço de algodão ou girassol afetou negativamente (P≤0,05) a eficiência de ruminação da FDN. Grãos de girassol não devem ser incluídos em dietas de alto concentrado para cordeiros em engorda.(AU)

In-vitro assessment for ensilabillity of Tithonia diversifolia alone orwith Pennisetum purpureum using epiphytic lactic acid bacteriastrains as inocula / Avaliação in vitro para ensilabilidade de Tithonia diversifolia sozinha ou com Pennisetumpurpureum utilizando cepas de bactérias epífitas ácido lácticas como inóculos

It is expected that the availability of forage for animals in the tropics will fluctuate in the future due to climate change. Ensiling of tropical forages constitutes a strategy to cope with food scarcity during long dry seasons. Tithonia diversifolia (TD), is a plant belonging to family Asteraceae, with a wide adaptation in tropical areas. A Rostock Fermentation Test (RFT) was performed to compare the ensilabillity potential among four epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from TD. Further, two experiments were designed 1) to evaluate the acidification potential of the best strain from the preliminary test (T735), and 2) to determine the ensilability of different levels of inclusion in the TD / PP mixture. For the first experiment, T735 and a blend of lactic acid-fermenting bacteria (BLB) decreased the pH rapidly. In experiment 2, different PP/TD ratios (0/100; 33/67; 67/33; 100/0) were ensiling, all inoculated with T735, (BLB) and their mixture. Increasing of grass PP in the mixtures brought about a fast drop in pH, facilitating TD ensilabillity. The use of T735 improved acidification and fermentation parameters of TD/PP silage.(AU)

Espera-se que a disponibilidade de forragem para animais nos trópicos flutue no futuro devido a mudanças climáticas. Silagem de forragem tropical é uma estratégia para lidar com a escassez de alimentos durante estações secas. Tithonia diversifolia (TD), é uma planta pertencente à família Asteraceae, rica em proteínas com ampla adaptação em zonas tropicais. Um teste de fermentação de Rostock (RFT) foi realizado para comparar a adequação potencial para silagem de quatro cepas isoladas de TD de bactérias epífitas ácido láticas (BAL). Assim, dois experimentos foram projetados: 1) avaliar o potencial de acidificação da melhor estirpe identificada em um teste preliminar (T735) e 2) determinar a capacidade de ensaio de diferentes níveis de inclusão na mistura TD/PP. Para o primeiro experimento, o T735 e uma mistura de fermentação BAL (BLB) diminuíram o pH mais rapidamente do que o controle. No experimento 2, diferentes proporções de PP/TD (0/100; 33/67; 67/33; 100/0) foram ensiladas, todas inoculadas com T735, (BLB) e sua mistura. O aumento da inclusão de PP nas misturas provocou uma rápida queda no pH, facilitando a ensilabilidade TD. O uso de T735 melhorou os parâmetros de acidificação e fermentação da silagem TD/PP.(AU)

In-vitro assessment for ensilabillity of Tithonia diversifolia alone orwith Pennisetum purpureum using epiphytic lactic acid bacteriastrains as inocula / Avaliação in vitro para ensilabilidade de Tithonia diversifolia sozinha ou com Pennisetumpurpureum utilizando cepas de bactérias epífitas ácido lácticas como inóculos

It is expected that the availability of forage for animals in the tropics will fluctuate in the future due to climate change. Ensiling of tropical forages constitutes a strategy to cope with food scarcity during long dry seasons. Tithonia diversifolia (TD), is a plant belonging to family Asteraceae, with a wide adaptation in tropical areas. A Rostock Fermentation Test (RFT) was performed to compare the ensilabillity potential among four epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from TD. Further, two experiments were designed 1) to evaluate the acidification potential of the best strain from the preliminary test (T735), and 2) to determine the ensilability of different levels of inclusion in the TD / PP mixture. For the first experiment, T735 and a blend of lactic acid-fermenting bacteria (BLB) decreased the pH rapidly. In experiment 2, different PP/TD ratios (0/100; 33/67; 67/33; 100/0) were ensiling, all inoculated with T735, (BLB) and their mixture. Increasing of grass PP in the mixtures brought about a fast drop in pH, facilitating TD ensilabillity. The use of T735 improved acidification and fermentation parameters of TD/PP silage.

Espera-se que a disponibilidade de forragem para animais nos trópicos flutue no futuro devido a mudanças climáticas. Silagem de forragem tropical é uma estratégia para lidar com a escassez de alimentos durante estações secas. Tithonia diversifolia (TD), é uma planta pertencente à família Asteraceae, rica em proteínas com ampla adaptação em zonas tropicais. Um teste de fermentação de Rostock (RFT) foi realizado para comparar a adequação potencial para silagem de quatro cepas isoladas de TD de bactérias epífitas ácido láticas (BAL). Assim, dois experimentos foram projetados: 1) avaliar o potencial de acidificação da melhor estirpe identificada em um teste preliminar (T735) e 2) determinar a capacidade de ensaio de diferentes níveis de inclusão na mistura TD/PP. Para o primeiro experimento, o T735 e uma mistura de fermentação BAL (BLB) diminuíram o pH mais rapidamente do que o controle. No experimento 2, diferentes proporções de PP/TD (0/100; 33/67; 67/33; 100/0) foram ensiladas, todas inoculadas com T735, (BLB) e sua mistura. O aumento da inclusão de PP nas misturas provocou uma rápida queda no pH, facilitando a ensilabilidade TD. O uso de T735 melhorou os parâmetros de acidificação e fermentação da silagem TD/PP.

Can feed supplementation of the refined vegetable oils enhance the seminal quality of rabbit bucks (Oryctolagus cuniculus)?

Exploring new feeding strategies are a necessary aspect for improving the reproductive performance in rabbits. Twenty healthy rabbit bucks with a mean live body weight of 1.01 kg (SD = 0.12)and age of 6 months old were used for a period of 17weeks to examine the influence of feeding soybean and sunflower oils on their reproductive performance. Rabbits were randomly assigned into 4 groups (5bucks/group), where bucks in the 1st group, served as a control, were fed for 14 weeks on a standard ration without any oil supplementation, while bucks in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups received -on the basis of the inclusion rate- a ration supplemented with 3% soybean oil, 3% sunflower oil, and 1.5% soybean oil plus 1.5%sunflower oil, respectively. Climatic, bio-physiological, blood and seminal measurements were all been determined. The obtained results suggested that offering rations supplemented with soybean and/or sun flower oils at the level of 3% of DM to rabbit bucks had no impacts on their health status, based on the findings that feed conversion ratio, blood hematology as well as liver and kidney functions were all not altered; thereby, indicating that the refined vegetable oils can be safely.[...].

Can feed supplementation of the refined vegetable oils enhance the seminal quality of rabbit bucks (Oryctolagus cuniculus)?

Exploring new feeding strategies are a necessary aspect for improving the reproductive performance in rabbits. Twenty healthy rabbit bucks with a mean live body weight of 1.01 kg (SD = 0.12)and age of 6 months old were used for a period of 17weeks to examine the influence of feeding soybean and sunflower oils on their reproductive performance. Rabbits were randomly assigned into 4 groups (5bucks/group), where bucks in the 1st group, served as a control, were fed for 14 weeks on a standard ration without any oil supplementation, while bucks in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups received -on the basis of the inclusion rate- a ration supplemented with 3% soybean oil, 3% sunflower oil, and 1.5% soybean oil plus 1.5%sunflower oil, respectively. Climatic, bio-physiological, blood and seminal measurements were all been determined. The obtained results suggested that offering rations supplemented with soybean and/or sun flower oils at the level of 3% of DM to rabbit bucks had no impacts on their health status, based on the findings that feed conversion ratio, blood hematology as well as liver and kidney functions were all not altered; thereby, indicating that the refined vegetable oils can be safely.[...].(AU)

Quality of Minas fresh cheese made with milk from F1 Holstein/Zebu cows fed diets with different sources of nitrogen compounds / Qualidade do queijo Minas frescal obtido do leite de vacas F1 Holandês/Zebu alimentadas com dietas com diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados

This study aimed to evaluate yield, fatty acid profile, physical, chemical and sensory composition of Minas fresh cheese made with milk from cows fed diets containing different sources of nitrogen compounds (soybean meal, urea, sunflower meal and detoxified castor bean meal). Eight F1 Holstein/Zebu cows with average production of 20 kg milk corrected to 3.5% fat day-1 were distributed in two 4 × 4 Latin squares, consisting of four treatments (diets), four animals and four experimental periods. Cheese was produced on the last day of each experimental period. The physical and chemical composition, yield and texture of cheese were similar between diets. The used diets influenced the concentration of fatty acid C11:0, which was higher for diets with soybean meal and sunflower meal; C18:2 C9-T11 (CLA) was higher for diets with urea, soybean meal and sunflower meal and C20:3 for diets with soybean meal and urea. For the other saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, differences were not detected. Different sources of nitrogen compounds in the diet for cows with average production of 20 kg milk corrected to 3.5% fat day-1 have no effect on the physical or chemical composition, yield, as well as acceptance of Minas fresh cheese. However, it can influence the fatty acid profile in the cheese fat.

Objetivou-se avaliar rendimento, perfil de ácidos graxos, composição físico-química e sensorial do queijo Minas frescal produzido do leite de vacas alimentadas com dietas com diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados (farelo de soja, ureia, farelo de girassol e farelo de mamona detoxicado). Foram utilizadas oito vacas F1 Holandesas/Zebu, com produção média de 20 kg de leite corrigido para 3,5% de gordura dia-1, em dois quadrados latinos 4 × 4, sendo compostos de quatro tratamentos (dietas), quatro animais e quatro períodos experimentais cada. Os queijos foram fabricados no último dia de cada período experimental. A composição físico-química, o rendimento e a textura do queijo foram semelhantes entre dietas experimentais. As dietas utilizadas influenciaram a concentração do ácido graxo C11:0, sendo superior para as dietas com farelo de soja e farelo de girassol; o C18:2 C9-T11 (CLA) mostrou-se superior para as dietas com ureia, farelo de soja e farelo de girassol; e o C20:3 para as dietas com farelo de soja e ureia. Para os demais ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e poli-insaturados não foram observadas diferenças. Diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados na dieta de vacas, com produção média de 20 kg de leite corrigido para 3,5% de gordura, não alteram a composição físico-química, o rendimento nem a aceitação do queijo Minas frescal, entretanto pode influenciar o perfil de ácidos graxos da gordura do queijo.

Quality of Minas fresh cheese made with milk from F1 Holstein/Zebu cows fed diets with different sources of nitrogen compounds / Qualidade do queijo Minas frescal obtido do leite de vacas F1 Holandês/Zebu alimentadas com dietas com diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados

This study aimed to evaluate yield, fatty acid profile, physical, chemical and sensory composition of Minas fresh cheese made with milk from cows fed diets containing different sources of nitrogen compounds (soybean meal, urea, sunflower meal and detoxified castor bean meal). Eight F1 Holstein/Zebu cows with average production of 20 kg milk corrected to 3.5% fat day-1 were distributed in two 4 × 4 Latin squares, consisting of four treatments (diets), four animals and four experimental periods. Cheese was produced on the last day of each experimental period. The physical and chemical composition, yield and texture of cheese were similar between diets. The used diets influenced the concentration of fatty acid C11:0, which was higher for diets with soybean meal and sunflower meal; C18:2 C9-T11 (CLA) was higher for diets with urea, soybean meal and sunflower meal and C20:3 for diets with soybean meal and urea. For the other saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, differences were not detected. Different sources of nitrogen compounds in the diet for cows with average production of 20 kg milk corrected to 3.5% fat day-1 have no effect on the physical or chemical composition, yield, as well as acceptance of Minas fresh cheese. However, it can influence the fatty acid profile in the cheese fat.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar rendimento, perfil de ácidos graxos, composição físico-química e sensorial do queijo Minas frescal produzido do leite de vacas alimentadas com dietas com diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados (farelo de soja, ureia, farelo de girassol e farelo de mamona detoxicado). Foram utilizadas oito vacas F1 Holandesas/Zebu, com produção média de 20 kg de leite corrigido para 3,5% de gordura dia-1, em dois quadrados latinos 4 × 4, sendo compostos de quatro tratamentos (dietas), quatro animais e quatro períodos experimentais cada. Os queijos foram fabricados no último dia de cada período experimental. A composição físico-química, o rendimento e a textura do queijo foram semelhantes entre dietas experimentais. As dietas utilizadas influenciaram a concentração do ácido graxo C11:0, sendo superior para as dietas com farelo de soja e farelo de girassol; o C18:2 C9-T11 (CLA) mostrou-se superior para as dietas com ureia, farelo de soja e farelo de girassol; e o C20:3 para as dietas com farelo de soja e ureia. Para os demais ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e poli-insaturados não foram observadas diferenças. Diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados na dieta de vacas, com produção média de 20 kg de leite corrigido para 3,5% de gordura, não alteram a composição físico-química, o rendimento nem a aceitação do queijo Minas frescal, entretanto pode influenciar o perfil de ácidos graxos da gordura do queijo.(AU)

Quality of Minas fresh cheese made with milk from F1 Holstein/Zebu cows fed diets with different sources of nitrogen compounds / Qualidade do queijo Minas frescal obtido do leite de vacas F1 Holandês/Zebu alimentadas com dietas com diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados

This study aimed to evaluate yield, fatty acid profile, physical, chemical and sensory composition of Minas fresh cheese made with milk from cows fed diets containing different sources of nitrogen compounds (soybean meal, urea, sunflower meal and detoxified castor bean meal). Eight F1 Holstein/Zebu cows with average production of 20 kg milk corrected to 3.5% fat day-1 were distributed in two 4 × 4 Latin squares, consisting of four treatments (diets), four animals and four experimental periods. Cheese was produced on the last day of each experimental period. The physical and chemical composition, yield and texture of cheese were similar between diets. The used diets influenced the concentration of fatty acid C11:0, which was higher for diets with soybean meal and sunflower meal; C18:2 C9-T11 (CLA) was higher for diets with urea, soybean meal and sunflower meal and C20:3 for diets with soybean meal and urea. For the other saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, differences were not detected. Different sources of nitrogen compounds in the diet for cows with average production of 20 kg milk corrected to 3.5% fat day-1 have no effect on the physical or chemical composition, yield, as well as acceptance of Minas fresh cheese. However, it can influence the fatty acid profile in the cheese fat.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar rendimento, perfil de ácidos graxos, composição físico-química e sensorial do queijo Minas frescal produzido do leite de vacas alimentadas com dietas com diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados (farelo de soja, ureia, farelo de girassol e farelo de mamona detoxicado). Foram utilizadas oito vacas F1 Holandesas/Zebu, com produção média de 20 kg de leite corrigido para 3,5% de gordura dia-1, em dois quadrados latinos 4 × 4, sendo compostos de quatro tratamentos (dietas), quatro animais e quatro períodos experimentais cada. Os queijos foram fabricados no último dia de cada período experimental. A composição físico-química, o rendimento e a textura do queijo foram semelhantes entre dietas experimentais. As dietas utilizadas influenciaram a concentração do ácido graxo C11:0, sendo superior para as dietas com farelo de soja e farelo de girassol; o C18:2 C9-T11 (CLA) mostrou-se superior para as dietas com ureia, farelo de soja e farelo de girassol; e o C20:3 para as dietas com farelo de soja e ureia. Para os demais ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e poli-insaturados não foram observadas diferenças. Diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados na dieta de vacas, com produção média de 20 kg de leite corrigido para 3,5% de gordura, não alteram a composição físico-química, o rendimento nem a aceitação do queijo Minas frescal, entretanto pode influenciar o perfil de ácidos graxos da gordura do queijo.(AU)

AÇÃO IN VITRO DE DIFERENTES APRESENTAÇÕES DO OZÔNIO NA INATIVAÇÃO DO PYTHIUM INSIDIOSUM EQUINO

Costa, G.B. Ação in vitro de diferentes apresentações do ozônio na inativação do Pythium insidiosum equino. 2020. Dissertação de mestrado pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade de Franca, SP. A baixa eficácia dos tratamentos atuais faz da pitiose uma infecção crônica e com alta reincidência tanto em seres humanos como em equinos. Todavia, o ozônio (O3) tem se mostrado altamente eficaz na inativação de microrganismos diversos. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve por objetivo principal caracterizar o efeito antimicrobiano in vitro de diferentes apresentações do O3 frente a culturas de P. insidiosum isoladas de equinos. No Experimento 1, fragmentos de P. insidiosum foram tratadas com água enriquecida com O3, óleos ozonizados com índice de peróxido distintos ou mistura gasosa O2-O3 (72 gO3 mL-1). No Experimento 2, foram realizados um ou três tratamentos com mistura gasosa O2-O3 (72 gO3 mL-1). No Experimento 3, as culturas foram expostas à mistura gasosa O2-O3 (72 gO3 mL-1) por 05, 15 ou 30 minutos. No Experimento 4, foram realizados tratamentos com diferentes concentrações de mistura gasosa O2-O3: 32, 52 ou 72 gO3 mL-1. Os fragmentos foram mantidos em ágar Sabouraud dextrose (ASD) em conjunto com veículo utilizado em cada experimento sendo incubados por 14 dias a 35°C. A zona de crescimento foi mensurada digitalmente durante os primeiros 14 dias pós-tratamento. Amostras que não apresentaram crescimento ao longo dos primeiros 14 dias pós-tratamento foram recultivas para avaliar a ação germicida/ germistática respectivo tratamento. No Experimento 1, o óleo de girassol ozonizado com alto índice de peróxido foi a única apresentação com ação germicida frente ao patógeno. Os fragmentos submetidos aos demais tratamentos apresentaram taxas de crescimento semelhantes (p>0.1) ao dos grupos controle. No Experimento 2, o tratamento por três dias consecutivos com mistura O2-O3 foi efetivo na inibição do P. insidiosum. No Experimento 3, um efeito negativo do tempo de exposição sobre a taxa de crescimento das culturas foi detectado (p<0.05). No Experimento 4, todos os tratamentos apresentaram efeito germicida independente da concentração de O3. Conclui-se que a exposição ao gás O3, com múltiplos tratamentos, tempo entre 15 a 30 minutos e concentrações entre 32 a 72 gO3 mL-1 e tratamento com óleo de girassol ozonizado com alto índice de xiv peróxido >600 mEq kg-1 possuem ação germicida frente ao P. insidiosum isolado de equino.

Costa, G.B. In vitro action of different ozone presentations in the inactivation of equine Pythium insidiosum. 2020. Dissertation (masters in animal science) University of Franca, Franca SP. The low effectiveness of current treatments makes pythiosis a chronic infection with a high recurrence in both humans and horses. However, ozone (O3) has been shown to be highly effective in inactivating various microorganisms. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the in vitro antimicrobial effect of different O3 presentations against P. insidiosum cultures isolated from horses. In Experiment 1, fragments of P. insidiosum were treated with water enriched with O3, ozonized oils with different peroxide index or gas mixture O2-O3 (72 gO3 mL-1). In Experiment 2, one or three treatments with O2-O3 gas mixture (72 gO3 mL-1) were performed. In Experiment 3, the cultures were exposed to the O2-O3 gas mixture (72 gO3 mL-1) for 05, 15 or 30 minutes. In Experiment 4, treatments were carried out with different concentrations of gas mixture O2-O3: 32, 52 or 72 gO3 mL-1. The fragments were kept on Sabouraud dextrose agar (ASD) together with the vehicle used in each experiment and incubated for 14 days at 35 ° C. The growth zone was digitally measured during the first 14 days after treatment. Samples that did not grow over the first 14 days after treatment were cultured to assess the germicidal / germ mystatic action of the respective treatment. In Experiment 1, ozonized sunflower oil with a high peroxide index was the only presentation with germicidal action against the pathogen. The fragments submitted to the other treatments showed similar growth rates (P> 0.1) to the control groups. In Experiment 2, treatment for three consecutive days with an O2-O3 mixture was effective in inhibiting P. insidiosum. In Experiment 3, a negative effect of the exposure time on the growth rate of the cultures was detected (P <0.05). In Experiment 4, all treatments showed a germicidal effect regardless of O3 concentration. It is concluded that exposure to O3 gas, with multiple treatments, time between 15 to 30 minutes and concentrations between 32 to 72 gO3 mL-1 and treatment with ozonized sunflower oil with a high peroxide index> 600 mEq kg-1 have an action germicidal against P. insidiosum isolated from equine. xvi

Fontes de lipídios e classe sexual no confinamento de ovinos / Lipid sources in the diets and sexual condition of feedlot sheep

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de fontes de lipídios na ração e da classe sexual sobre as características de carcaça, componentes não-carcaça e composição centesimal do lombo de ovinos confinados. Foram utilizados 20 machos e 20 fêmeas, com peso inicial 19,5+2,8 kg, os quais receberam alimento na relação volumoso concentrado de 40:60. Cinco rações foram testadas, a controle, sem inclusão de lipídio, e outras quatro contendo as fontes de lipídios: grãos de girassol, grãos de amendoim, óleo bruto de amendoim ou gordura protegida. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (2 classes sexuais x 5 fontes de lipídios). Os animais foram abatidos ao atingirem 37,5+0,8 kg. Não houve efeito da fonte de lipídio sobre as variáveis de carcaça (P>0,05). Machos apresentaram maiores pesos de carcaça e rendimento verdadeiro e fêmeas tiveram maiores porcentagem de gordura omental+mesentérica+pélvica (8,8 vs 6,4%), espessura de gordura subcutânea (4,51 vs 2,23 mm), e concentração de extrato etéreo intramuscular (5,06 vs 3,77 g 100g-1 de músculo). Fêmeas são mais propensas à deposição de gordura quando abatidas no mesmo peso que os machos. É possível incluir estas fontes de lipídios nas rações de animais em confinamento sem alterar a produção e composição da carne ovina.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of lipid sources in the diet and sexual condition on carcass traits, non-carcass components and muscle chemical composition of feedlot sheep. Twenty male and 20 female Dorper cross St Ines sheep, with initial weight of 19.5+2.8 kg were fed on a diet consisting of 40:60 roughage: concentrate ratio. Five rations were tested, the control ration contained no additional lipids whereas the four test rations contained lipids sourced from either sunflower grains, peanut kernels, crude peanut oil or protected fat. A randomized complete block design in factorial scheme was used (2 sexes x 5 lipid sources). The animals were slaughtered at an average of 37.5+0.8 kg. There was no effect of lipid source on any of the carcass variables measured (P> 0.05). Males had higher carcass weights and true yields than females. Females, however, had higher percentages of omental+mesenteric+pelvic fat (8.8 vs 6.4%), subcutaneous fat thickness (4.51 vs 2.23 mm), and intramuscular lipid concentrations (5.06 vs 3.77 g 100g-1 of muscle). Therefore, it appears that females are more inclined to fat deposition when slaughtered at the same weight as males. Further research is required to determine if it is possible to include these lipid sources in feedlot rations without changing the production and composition of sheep meat.(AU)