Influência do peri-parto sobre o perfil hematológico de vacas mestiças (holandês x zebu) mantidas sob pastejo rotativo / Influence of periparturient on the hematologic profile of crossbred cows (holstein x zebu) in pasture rotating

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a influência do período peri-parto sobre parâmetros avaliados no hemograma de vacas leiteiras. Foram utilizadas 25 vacas mestiças (Holandês x Zebu) e avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: volume globular, contagem de eritrócitos, concentração de hemoglobina, concentração de proteína plasmática total, concentração de fibrinogênio plasmático, leucometria global e específica. As amostras de sangue foram colhidas semanalmente, com início na 4ª semana anterior ao parto etérmino na 4ª semana após o parto. Para análise quantitativa dos dados, foi utilizada análise da variância (ANOVA), regressão linear e teste t de Student a 5% de probabilidade (p<0,05). Os resultados indicaram um decréscimo (p<0,05) na contagem de eritrócitos do pré-parto ao pós-parto, apesar destes valores permanecerem dentro dos limites de referência. No leucograma, observou-se leucocitose com neutrofilia, linfocitose e monocitose no período anterior ao parto, seguido de decréscimos das médias aos limites fisiológicos no pós-parto, efeitos estes característicos da estimulação adrenérgica, principalmente no momento do parto. Proteínas plasmáticas e fibrinogênio foram os parâmetros que sofreram menos alterações no período estudado. Com base nos resultados do presente estudo, ressalta-se a importância do acompanhamento dos parâmetros do leucograma no peri-parto a fim de caracterizar melhor a possibilidade de processos inflamatórios, infecciosos ou alterações relacionadas ao estresse do manejo inadequado, visto que no momento do peri-parto, as vacas tornam-se momentaneamente mais susceptíveis a enfermidades infecciosas. Por isso, a necessidade de um eficiente manejo profilático para evitar a ocorrência de doenças.(AU)

This study aimed to analyze the influence of peripartum on hematological parameters of dairy cows. We used 25 crossbred cows (Holstein x Zebu) to determine the following parameters: globular volume, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, total plasma protein, plasma fibrinogen, total leukocytes and leukometry specific. Blood collections were made every week starting at four weeks before the birth and ending at four weeks after parturition. For quantitative analysis of the various parameters studied was used analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression and Student t-test at 5% probability (p <0.05). The results showed fewer erythrocytes postpartum when compared with antepartum, although remaining in the reference values for the species. In the leukogram, leukocytosis was observed with neutrophilia, lymphocytosis and monocytosis in the period before parturition, followed by decreases to the physiological limits in the postpartum period, which are characteristic of adrenergic stimulation, especially at the time of parturition. Plasma proteins and fibrinogen were the parameters that suffered the least changes in the studied period. Based on the results of the present study, it is important to follow the leukogram parameters in the peripartum, in order to better characterize the possibility of inflammatory, infectious or stress-related changes in the inadequate management, since at the moment of peripartum, cows become momentarily more susceptible to infectious diseases. Therefore, the need for an efficient prophylactic management to avoid the occurrence of diseases.(AU)

Influência do peri-parto sobre o perfil hematológico de vacas mestiças (holandês x zebu) mantidas sob pastejo rotativo / Influence of periparturient on the hematologic profile of crossbred cows (holstein x zebu) in pasture rotating

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a influência do período peri-parto sobre parâmetros avaliados no hemograma de vacas leiteiras. Foram utilizadas 25 vacas mestiças (Holandês x Zebu) e avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: volume globular, contagem de eritrócitos, concentração de hemoglobina, concentração de proteína plasmática total, concentração de fibrinogênio plasmático, leucometria global e específica. As amostras de sangue foram colhidas semanalmente, com início na 4ª semana anterior ao parto etérmino na 4ª semana após o parto. Para análise quantitativa dos dados, foi utilizada análise da variância (ANOVA), regressão linear e teste t de Student a 5% de probabilidade (p<0,05). Os resultados indicaram um decréscimo (p<0,05) na contagem de eritrócitos do pré-parto ao pós-parto, apesar destes valores permanecerem dentro dos limites de referência. No leucograma, observou-se leucocitose com neutrofilia, linfocitose e monocitose no período anterior ao parto, seguido de decréscimos das médias aos limites fisiológicos no pós-parto, efeitos estes característicos da estimulação adrenérgica, principalmente no momento do parto. Proteínas plasmáticas e fibrinogênio foram os parâmetros que sofreram menos alterações no período estudado. Com base nos resultados do presente estudo, ressalta-se a importância do acompanhamento dos parâmetros do leucograma no peri-parto a fim de caracterizar melhor a possibilidade de processos inflamatórios, infecciosos ou alterações relacionadas ao estresse do manejo inadequado, visto que no momento do peri-parto, as vacas tornam-se momentaneamente mais susceptíveis a enfermidades infecciosas. Por isso, a necessidade de um eficiente manejo profilático para evitar a ocorrência de doenças.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of peripartum on hematological parameters of dairy cows. We used 25 crossbred cows (Holstein x Zebu) to determine the following parameters: globular volume, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, total plasma protein, plasma fibrinogen, total leukocytes and leukometry specific. Blood collections were made every week starting at four weeks before the birth and ending at four weeks after parturition. For quantitative analysis of the various parameters studied was used analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression and Student t-test at 5% probability (p <0.05). The results showed fewer erythrocytes postpartum when compared with antepartum, although remaining in the reference values for the species. In the leukogram, leukocytosis was observed with neutrophilia, lymphocytosis and monocytosis in the period before parturition, followed by decreases to the physiological limits in the postpartum period, which are characteristic of adrenergic stimulation, especially at the time of parturition. Plasma proteins and fibrinogen were the parameters that suffered the least changes in the studied period. Based on the results of the present study, it is important to follow the leukogram parameters in the peripartum, in order to better characterize the possibility of inflammatory, infectious or stress-related changes in the inadequate management, since at the moment of peripartum, cows become momentarily more susceptible to infectious diseases. Therefore, the need for an efficient prophylactic management to avoid the occurrence of diseases.

Hematologic variation values of captive red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year. Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum [...]

Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum value

Hematologic variation values of captive red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year. Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum [...](AU)

La comprensión de los cambios hematológicos a un signo clinico de piometra: estudio de un caso / Understanding hematologic changes in a pyometra frame: study of a case report / Entendendo as alterações hematológicas em um quadro de piometra: estudo de um relato de caso

La presencia de cambios tóxicos en los neutrófilos indica neutropoiese aceleración y se asocia con inflamación severa y bacteriana. El leucograma raramente proporciona informaciones de caráter patognomónico antecedentes de una enfermedad, sin embargo, se sabe que la información en este análisis proporciona subvenciones que ayudan al médico a hacer un diagnóstico. En este sentido, el objetivo de este informe es describir y analizar los cambios hematológicos en uno de los marcos de las más altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad en la clínica veterinaria de rutina, caso de piometra , destacando los cambios morfológicos que pueden conducir a la terapia y el pronóstico paciente.(AU)

The presence of toxic changes in neutrophils indicates acceleration neutropoiese and is associated with severe inflammation and bacterial. The WBC rarely pathognomonic provide background information of an illness, however, it is known that the information in this analysis provide subsidies that help the clinician in making a diagnosis. In this sense, the objective of this report was to describe and discuss the hematological changes in one of the frames of the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in routine veterinary clinic, pyometra framework, highlighting the WBC morphological changes that can lead to therapy and prognosis patient.(AU)

A presença de alterações tóxicas em neutrófilos indica aceleração da neutropoiese e está associada a intensos processos inflamatórios e bacterianos. O leucograma raramente fornecerá informações de caráter patognomônico de uma enfermidade, no entanto, sabe-se que as informações contidas nessa análise fornecem subsídios ao clínico que auxiliam na elaboração de diagnóstico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente relato foi descrever e discutir as alterações hematológicas em um dos quadros de maiores índices de morbidade e mortalidade na rotina da clínica veterinária, o quadro de piometra, destacando as alterações morfológicas leucocitárias que podem conduzir a terapêutica e o prognóstico do paciente.(AU)

La comprensión de los cambios hematológicos a un signo clinico de piometra: estudio de un caso / Understanding hematologic changes in a pyometra frame: study of a case report / Entendendo as alterações hematológicas em um quadro de piometra: estudo de um relato de caso

La presencia de cambios tóxicos en los neutrófilos indica neutropoiese aceleración y se asocia con inflamación severa y bacteriana. El leucograma raramente proporciona informaciones de caráter patognomónico antecedentes de una enfermedad, sin embargo, se sabe que la información en este análisis proporciona subvenciones que ayudan al médico a hacer un diagnóstico. En este sentido, el objetivo de este informe es describir y analizar los cambios hematológicos en uno de los marcos de las más altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad en la clínica veterinaria de rutina, caso de piometra , destacando los cambios morfológicos que pueden conducir a la terapia y el pronóstico paciente.

The presence of toxic changes in neutrophils indicates acceleration neutropoiese and is associated with severe inflammation and bacterial. The WBC rarely pathognomonic provide background information of an illness, however, it is known that the information in this analysis provide subsidies that help the clinician in making a diagnosis. In this sense, the objective of this report was to describe and discuss the hematological changes in one of the frames of the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in routine veterinary clinic, pyometra framework, highlighting the WBC morphological changes that can lead to therapy and prognosis patient.

A presença de alterações tóxicas em neutrófilos indica aceleração da neutropoiese e está associada a intensos processos inflamatórios e bacterianos. O leucograma raramente fornecerá informações de caráter patognomônico de uma enfermidade, no entanto, sabe-se que as informações contidas nessa análise fornecem subsídios ao clínico que auxiliam na elaboração de diagnóstico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente relato foi descrever e discutir as alterações hematológicas em um dos quadros de maiores índices de morbidade e mortalidade na rotina da clínica veterinária, o quadro de piometra, destacando as alterações morfológicas leucocitárias que podem conduzir a terapêutica e o prognóstico do paciente.

Experimental infection of commercial layers using a Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum strain: Leukogram and serum acute-phase protein concentrations

The aim of the present study was to evaluate white blood cell counts and serum protein profiles of commercial layers experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) in order to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease caused by this bacterium. 180 five-day-old commercial layers were divided into 3 groups (G); G1 and G2 received 0.2 mL of inoculate containing 3.3x10(8) CFU or 3.3x10(5) CFU SG resistant to nalidix acid (Nal r)/mL, respectively, directly into their crops. G3 group did not receive the inoculum. Birds were sacrificed 24 hours before (T1) and 24 hours after the infection (T2), and three (T3), five (T4), seven (T5), and ten (T6) days after the administration of the inoculum. White blood cell counts were carried out in a Neubauer hemocytometer and in blood smears. Serum protein concentrations, including acute-phase proteins, were determined using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey's test (P 0.05). G1 and G2 groups presented higher leukocyte counts on T4 and T5, respectively, due to the increase of circulating lymphocytes and heterophils, with a significant difference relative to G3. In electrophoresis, an increase in the serum levels of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and hemopexin and a decrease in transferrin, which are acute-phase proteins, was verified. IgA serum levels did not change; however, IgG concentration increased during the infection. In conclusion, the results provide information for the better understanding of the pathophysiology of fowl typhoid.

Experimental infection of commercial layers using a Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum strain: Leukogram and serum acute-phase protein concentrations

The aim of the present study was to evaluate white blood cell counts and serum protein profiles of commercial layers experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) in order to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease caused by this bacterium. 180 five-day-old commercial layers were divided into 3 groups (G); G1 and G2 received 0.2 mL of inoculate containing 3.3x10(8) CFU or 3.3x10(5) CFU SG resistant to nalidix acid (Nal r)/mL, respectively, directly into their crops. G3 group did not receive the inoculum. Birds were sacrificed 24 hours before (T1) and 24 hours after the infection (T2), and three (T3), five (T4), seven (T5), and ten (T6) days after the administration of the inoculum. White blood cell counts were carried out in a Neubauer hemocytometer and in blood smears. Serum protein concentrations, including acute-phase proteins, were determined using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey's test (P 0.05). G1 and G2 groups presented higher leukocyte counts on T4 and T5, respectively, due to the increase of circulating lymphocytes and heterophils, with a significant difference relative to G3. In electrophoresis, an increase in the serum levels of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and hemopexin and a decrease in transferrin, which are acute-phase proteins, was verified. IgA serum levels did not change; however, IgG concentration increased during the infection. In conclusion, the results provide information for the better understanding of the pathophysiology of fowl typhoid.

Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum value

Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum value

Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum value

Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum value

Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum value