Hérnia diafragmática peritôniopericárdica congênita em uma gata / Congenital peritoniopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a female kitten

Background: Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare pathogenesis of congenital origin, which occurs due to a failure in the communication between the diaphragm and the pericardium during embryogenesis. Symptoms may be non-existent or non-specific, depending on the herniated organ involved and, in most cases, the diagnosis is incidental. Regarding the most indicated treatment, there are still divergences in the literature concerning the indication of conservative or surgical treatment. This study reports the case of a feline peritoneopericardial hernia, for which surgical correction was the treatment of choice. Case: A 3-month-old female kitten, no defined racial pattern, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco for treatment of a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia. This condition was diagnosed through radiographic examination after the patient having been submitted to pediatric castration and presented anesthetic complications in the transsurgery. Blood count, biochemical profile and Doppler echocardiogram were performed, which showed no significant changes. To obtain a better study and surgical planning, computed tomography was performed to observe the heart located cranially in the pericardial cavity. Caudally to the heart, hepatic parenchyma located in the pericardial cavity was observed; and hepatic vessels presenting slightly enlarged dimensions. These tomographic findings suggested peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia; being the liver present in the pericardial cavity and signs of congestion in the hepatic parenchyma. Due to the likelihood of future worsening of the hernia, surgical correction was performed, with an abdominal midline incision in the preumbilical region to reposition the liver to its normal anatomy, followed by diaphragm reconstitution through a herniorrhaphy. After the surgical procedure, the patient was referred for observation in internment and, after 15 days, the skin sutures were removed. Complete correction of the hernial defect was observed on radiography performed 30 days after the surgical procedure. However, the examination showed the presence of deviation/ deformity in the topography of the sternum and costal cartilages, with slight cardiac displacement to the right hemithorax, suggesting the presence of pectus excavatum. Discussion: Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is considered rare and, despite being one of the most common causes of congenital pericardial anomaly in felines, it has a low prevalence ranging from 0.06% to 1.45%. They are usually diagnosed from two years of age, with prevalence for older animals. However, due to having presented anesthetic changes, the patient of this case report could be diagnosed early. Among the most common organs that migrate to the thoracic cavity, the liver is the most commonly observed, which is also the hernia content of the present report. Peritoneopericardial hernia is often diagnosed through radiography and ultrasound, and these imaging tests proved to be sufficient for the diagnosis in this report. However, computed tomography was important for providing a better study of case and for the adoption of median celiotomy as a treatment. Associations with other malformations are described in the literature, with pectus excavatum being the most common and also observed in this report. Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare anomaly, rarely reported in the literature and with divergences regarding its treatment. The adoption of early surgical treatment performed in this report showed satisfactory evolution and the possibility of a favorable prognosis.

Efeitos da consanguinidade em rebanho de bubalinos no pantanal Mato-Grossense / Effects of inbreeding in bubaline herds in the pantanal Mato-Grossense / Efectos de la consanguinidad en rebaño de búfalos en el pantanal Mato-Grossense

A consanguinidade é uma realidade na criação de bubalinos no Brasil, devido ao número pequeno de animais no rebanho, e principalmente a falta de escrituração zootécnica e seleção genética da espécie. Isso faz com que exista muita endogamia e como consequência aparecem as anomalias congênitas, que associadas às condições ambientais resultam em animais com problemas de pele, baixo desenvolvimento, baixa produção e sanidade deficitária. O presente estudo demonstrou os efeitos de um manejo cuja persistência de um touro por período de 8 anos gerou progênie com despigmentação, culminando com alterações dermatológicas e baixo desenvolvimento em alguns animais de um rebanho, sendo estas: albinismo acentuado, albinismo parcial -cabeça e peitoral e fotossensibilização, na qual todos eram menos desenvolvidos se comparados aos pais não consanguíneos. A alta incidência de raios solares na região do Pantanal Mato-Grossense potencializou queimaduras cutâneas e desgaste desses animais. Com objetivo de eliminar os genes defeituosos, os animais foram descartados e um novo touro foi introduzido.(AU)

IInbreeding is a reality in buffalo breeding in Brazil, due to the small number of animals in the herd, and mainly the lack of zootechnical bookkeeping and genetic selection of the species. This means that there is a lot of inbreeding and, as a consequence, congenital anomalies appear, which, associated with environmental conditions, result in animals with skin problems, poor development, low production and poor health. The present study demonstrated the effects of a management whose persistence of a bull for a period of 8 years generated progeny with depigmentation, culminating with dermatological alterations and low development in some animals of a herd, namely: accentuated albinism, partial albinism -head and pectoral and photosensitization, in which all were less developed compared to non-consanguineous parents. The high incidence of solar rays in the Pantanal Mato-Grossense region potentiated skin burns and wear of these animals. In order to eliminate the defective genes, the animals were discarded anda new bull was introduced.(AU)

La consanguinidad es una realidad en la cría de búfalos en Brasil,debido al pequeño número de animales en el rebaño, y principalmente la falta de contabilidad zootécnica y de selección de genética de la especie. Esto provoca la existencia de mucha endogamia y como consecuencia aparecen las anomalías congénitas, que asociadas a las condiciones ambientales resultan en animales con problemas de piel, bajo desarrollo, baja producción y salud. El presente estudio demostró los efectos de un manejo donde la persistencia de un toro por un periodo de 8 años generó progenie con despigmentación, culminando en alteraciones dermatológicas en un rebaño de 35 animales, siendo de los afectados: despigmentación severa, albinismo parcial -cabeza y pecho y fotosensibilización, en los que todos fueron menos desarrollados si se comparan con los padres no consanguíneos. La alta incidencia de los rayos solares en la región del Pantanal Mato-Grossense colaboró con las quemaduras y el desgaste de estos animales. Con el objetivo de eliminar los genes defectuosos, los animales fueron descartados y se introdujo un nuevo toro.(AU)

Estudo anatomomorfológico do Schistosomus reflexus em um bovino / Anatomomorphological study of Schistosomus reflexus in a cattle

O Schistosomus reflexus (SR) é uma anomalia congênita fatal de baixa incidência observada principalmente em ruminantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a ocorrência de SRem uma vaca com um quadro de distocia, multípara e de partos anteriores normais, atendida em uma propriedade localizada em Irati, região Centro-Sul do Paraná, Brasil. Durante a anamnese, foi relatado que o trabalho de parto ocorreu normalmente, com dilatação cervical e rompimento da bolsa alantoidiana e amniótica. Contudo, não ouve exteriorização do feto. Devido à inviabilidade da tração forçada observada no exame físico, optou-se pela cesariana. O feto extraído era disforme, apresentando dorsoflexão da coluna vertebral, órgãos abdominais expostos, anquilose de membros e face deformada, as quais são alterações anatômicas compatíveis com as características de Schistosomus reflexusdescritas na literatura. O caso apresentado contribui de forma relevante para o aprimoramento da compreensão e estudos sobre esse distúrbio, uma vez que sua ocorrência é rara.

Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a fatal congenital anomaly of low incidence mainly observed in ruminants. This study aimed to report the occurrence of SR in a cow with dystocia, multiparous, and normal previous deliveries, treated in a property located in Irati, south-central region of Paraná, Brazil. During anamnesis, it was reported that labor occurred normally, with cervical dilation and disruption of the allantoic and amniotic stalk. However, there was no externalization of the fetus. Due to the infeasibility of the forced traction observed in the physical examination, a cesarean was performed. The extracted fetus was misshaped, presenting dorsiflexion of the spine, exposed abdominal organs, ankylosis of limbs, and deformed face, which are anatomical alterations compatible with the characteristics of Schistosomus reflexus described in the literature. The case reported contributes significantly to the improvement of understanding and studies on this disorder, since its occurrence is rare.

Spontaneous pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice / Polidactilia pré-axial espontânea em camundongos Swiss

Spontaneous polydactyly has been described in several species, but only one report about it in Swiss mice. The aim of the current study was to report the spontaneous occurrence of pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice. Clinical examination showed one extra toe laterally to the first digit, in the plantar region, alopecia in the back, altered face growth anatomy and changed perineal region anatomy. Pre-axial polydactyly in the tibial side, fused metatarsals and Y-shaped free phalanges were evidenced in the radiographic images. Pre-axial polydactyly observed in the plantar region differed from that in reports on albino Swiss mice with post-axial polydactyly (Po/Po+) phenotype featured by one extra toe in the ulnar side of one, or both, front limbs, which is the dominant feature. The observed findings highlight the importance of both clinical examinations and close attention by professionals involved in rodents’ breeding on physical changes resulting from different causes, including the genetic ones, since they reveal mutations and, sometimes, new biomodels.

A polidactilia espontânea foi descrita em várias espécies, mas há apenas um relato em camundongos Swiss. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar uma ocorrência de polidactilia pré-axial em camundongos Swiss. O exame clínico revelou um dedo extra lateralmente ao primeiro dedo na região plantar, alopecia dorsal, anatomias facial e da região perineal alteradas. Nas imagens radiográficas foram evidenciados polidactilia pré-axial no lado tibial, metatarsos fundidos e falanges livres em forma de Y. A polidactilia pré-axial observada diferiu do relato existente de polidactilia pós-axial (Po/Po+) caracterizado por um dedo extra no lado ulnar de um ou ambos os membros anteriores e de característica dominante. Os achados observados destacam a importância dos exames clínicos e da atenção cuidadosa dos profissionais envolvidos na criação de roedores sobre as alterações físicas decorrentes de diferentes causas, inclusive as genéticas, em revelar mutações e, às vezes, novos biomodelos.

Spontaneous pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice / Polidactilia pré-axial espontânea em camundongos Swiss

ABSTRACT: Spontaneous polydactyly has been described in several species, but only one report about it in Swiss mice. The aim of the current study was to report the spontaneous occurrence of pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice. Clinical examination showed one extra toe laterally to the first digit, in the plantar region, alopecia in the back, altered face growth anatomy and changed perineal region anatomy. Pre-axial polydactyly in the tibial side, fused metatarsals and Y-shaped free phalanges were evidenced in the radiographic images. Pre-axial polydactyly observed in the plantar region differed from that in reports on albino Swiss mice with post-axial polydactyly (Po/Po+) phenotype featured by one extra toe in the ulnar side of one, or both, front limbs, which is the dominant feature. The observed findings highlight the importance of both clinical examinations and close attention by professionals involved in rodents' breeding on physical changes resulting from different causes, including the genetic ones, since they reveal mutations and, sometimes, new biomodels.

RESUMO: A polidactilia espontânea foi descrita em várias espécies, mas há apenas um relato em camundongos Swiss. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar uma ocorrência de polidactilia pré-axial em camundongos Swiss. O exame clínico revelou um dedo extra lateralmente ao primeiro dedo na região plantar, alopecia dorsal, anatomias facial e da região perineal alteradas. Nas imagens radiográficas foram evidenciados polidactilia pré-axial no lado tibial, metatarsos fundidos e falanges livres em forma de Y. A polidactilia pré-axial observada diferiu do relato existente de polidactilia pós-axial (Po/Po+) caracterizado por um dedo extra no lado ulnar de um ou ambos os membros anteriores e de característica dominante. Os achados observados destacam a importância dos exames clínicos e da atenção cuidadosa dos profissionais envolvidos na criação de roedores sobre as alterações físicas decorrentes de diferentes causas, inclusive as genéticas, em revelar mutações e, às vezes, novos biomodelos.

Anasarca fetal em um cão recém-nascido da raça Husky Siberiano / Fetal anasarca in a newborn Siberian Husky dog

A anasarca fetal é caracterizada pelo edema generalizado do tecido subcutâneo, pela ampliação excessiva do feto, e, consequentemente, pela distocia obstrutiva durante o parto. Sua etiologia não foi elucidada, porém, acredita-se na relação da anasarca fecal com genes autossômicos recessivos, consanguinidade, malformações congênitas, dentre outros fatores. Além disso, o diagnóstico é feito por meio de ultrassonografia, pois não são observados sinais clínicos durante a gestação. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o caso de um cão recém-nascido da raça Husky Siberiano diagnosticado com anasarca fetal. O laudo, o qual foi obtido com a realização de uma ultrassonografia, estimou a presença de seis fetos com movimentação presente e normal. Entretanto, em um dos fetos os achados ultrassonográficos foram edema e cistos repletos de líquido no tecido subcutâneo, efusão pleural e peritoneal, os quais são compatíveis com anasarca fetal. Assim, foi realizado o procedimento de cesariana programada. Devido ao edema, o filhote nasceu pesando um quilo, enquanto os outros filhotes pesavam em média 350 gramas. Apesar de nascer com batimentos cardíacos presentes, o animal veio a óbito instantaneamente após o parto. A necropsia confirmou os achados ultrassonográficos e revelou a presença de hipoplasia pulmonar. O caso relatado apresenta como causa a consanguinidade, destacando a importância de proporcionar estratégias de reprodução que visem evitar a endogamia.

Fetal anasarca is characterized by generalized swelling of the subcutaneous tissue, excessive enlargement of the fetus, and, consequently, obstructive dystocia during delivery. Its etiology has not been elucidated; however, it is believed that the fetal anasarca is related to autosomal recessive genes, consanguinity, congenital malformations, among other factors. In addition, the diagnosis is made through ultrasound, as clinical signs are not observed during pregnancy. Thus, this study aimed to describe the case of a newborn Siberian Husky dog diagnosed with fetal anasarca. The report, which was obtained with ultrasonography, estimated the presence of six fetuses with present and normal movement. However, in one of the fetuses, the sonographic findings were edema and cysts filled with liquid in the subcutaneous tissue, pleural and peritoneal effusion, which are consistent with fetal anasarca. Therefore, a scheduled cesarean section was performed. Due to the edema, the puppy was born weighing one kilo, while the other puppies weighed an average of 350 grams. Despite being born with a heartbeat, the animal died instantly after delivery. The necropsy confirmed the sonographic findings and revealed the presence of pulmonary hypoplasia. The reported case presents consanguinity as the cause, highlighting the importance of providing reproduction strategies to avoid inbreeding.

Monocephalus dipygus dibrachius em cadela Shih Tzu / Monocephalus dipygus dibrachius in a Shih Tzu bitch

Background: Congenital anomalies are structural, functional, or metabolic defects caused by a combination of environmental, genetic, or even iatrogenic factors. Genetic defects, which can be inherited, are more common in purebred dogs. Teratogenic factors such as radiation, toxins, chemical agents, infectious diseases, mechanical influences, drugs given to the mother, and nutrition can affect the litter during gestational development. The incomplete division of a fertilized egg results in monozygotic, conjoined or Siamese twins, which are animals with complete or incomplete duplications. This paper reports on an adult bitch with monocephalus dipygus dibrachius and the surgical procedures. Case: A 2-year-old female Shih Tzu weighing 5 kg was admitted to a veterinary clinic, presenting with swelling and myiasis near the anus and several development disorders, characterized by 2 pelvises, 2 anuses, 2 vulvas, 2 forelimbs and 6 hindlimbs. Her physiological parameters were otherwise normal. Only the dog's myiasis was treated at this time due to the owner's financial straits. After 5 months, the owner brought the bitch back to the veterinary clinic because the animal presented with fecaloma in 1 of the anuses. Radiography revealed numerous alterations: seven lumbar vertebrae with marked vertebral axis deviation, reduced disc space, as well as ankylosis and fused ventral spondylosis at L6 and L7. Two pelvises fused medially by the wings of the ileum, with slight deviation and thinning of pelvic bones. Four hip joints and medial joints with pelvic avulsion and bone remnants of the pelvic limbs. Acetabular tearing slightly flattened femoral head and thickened femoral neck. Caudal vertebrae and vertebral axis located in left pelvis. Left lateral patella inserted in the trochlear groove and lateral dislocation of right patella. Right patellofemoral joint with smooth surface, preserved intra-articular density and cranial displacement of the tibia relative to the femoral condyles (cranial cruciate ligament rupture). An ultrasound analysis revealed 2 bladders. Two months later surgery was performed due to recurrent complications. During laparotomy 2 uteruses, 2 bladders and bifurcation of the intestine were observed. Ovariosalpingohysterectomy was performed in both uterus and enterectomy of the problematic intestinal portion. After 2 days of the surgery, blood transfusion was performed. After 2 days of the transfusion, there was extravasation of yellow fluid from the surgical cut and abdominal palpation was indicative of bladder rupture, so the patient was sent to emergency surgery. Unilateral nephrectomy and ureterectomy, and ruptured bladder cystectomy were performed. The dog remained hospitalized for 24 days after surgery, before it was released. Discussion: The classification of conjoined twins is based on the location of the junction and the number of limbs. Monocephalus dipygus dibrachius was diagnosed based on the fact that the dog had 1 skull, 2 thoracic limbs and 4 pelvic limbs, as well as the corresponding genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract alterations. Imaging scans are extremely important for a proper diagnosis to ensure appropriate surgery planning. The bitch was the result of inbreeding between a male dog and its offspring, which probably contributed to this malformation. There are very few reports of surviving adult conjoined animals, and even fewer descriptions of successful surgical treatments. To the best of knowledge of the authors, there are no previous reports of a surviving adult dog suffering from this malformation.

Agenesia renal unilateral em gatinha / Unilateral renal agenesis in kitten

Background: The kidneys are a pair of organs that maintain homeostasis, and perform hormonal and excretory functions; the functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Approximately 2% of cats are born with some structural or functional anomaly, which occurs during fetal development. Unilateral renal agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly in felines, where the cat has only one kidney. This can lead to a series of dysfunctions, with clinical signs, especially when the contralateral organ does not adequately compensate, since there is more than one concomitant congenital disease like kidney dysplasia, which is the abnormal formation of the kidney structures. This study aimed to report the case of a kitten diagnosed with unilateral renal agenesis; the clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment. Case: A 2-month-old mixed breed female kitten, weighing 0.5 kg, was attended in a veterinary clinic with emesis, hyporexia, hypodipsia, normuria, and diarrhea. Upon physical examination, dehydration, hyperthermia, and renomegaly by abdominal palpation were observed. Complementary examinations such as serum urea and creatinine estimation, abdominal ultrasound, and excretory urography, were requested, and the results include hemoglobin (9 g/dL), mean corpuscular volume (26%), normocytic normochromic anemia, urea (312 mg/dL), and creatinine (3.5 mg/dL). The abdominal ultrasound showed renomegaly on the left kidney and the absence of the right kidney. The above results and excretory urography help to confirm the diagnosis of unilateral renal agenesis and suggested renal dysplasia. The patient was hospitalized to stabilize her condition. The treatment is symptomatic and supportive and aims to increase the patient’s quality of life. Treatment with metoclopramide, erythropoietin, fluid therapy with ringer’s lactate solution, and renal therapeutic feed was prescribed. After 4 days of hospitalization and treatment, the serum creatinine was within normal...

Spontaneous pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice / Polidactilia pré-axial espontânea em camundongos Swiss

Spontaneous polydactyly has been described in several species, but only one report about it in Swiss mice. The aim of the current study was to report the spontaneous occurrence of pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice. Clinical examination showed one extra toe laterally to the first digit, in the plantar region, alopecia in the back, altered face growth anatomy and changed perineal region anatomy. Pre-axial polydactyly in the tibial side, fused metatarsals and Y-shaped free phalanges were evidenced in the radiographic images. Pre-axial polydactyly observed in the plantar region differed from that in reports on albino Swiss mice with post-axial polydactyly (Po/Po+) phenotype featured by one extra toe in the ulnar side of one, or both, front limbs, which is the dominant feature. The observed findings highlight the importance of both clinical examinations and close attention by professionals involved in rodents breeding on physical changes resulting from different causes, including the genetic ones, since they reveal mutations and, sometimes, new biomodels.(AU)

A polidactilia espontânea foi descrita em várias espécies, mas há apenas um relato em camundongos Swiss. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar uma ocorrência de polidactilia pré-axial em camundongos Swiss. O exame clínico revelou um dedo extra lateralmente ao primeiro dedo na região plantar, alopecia dorsal, anatomias facial e da região perineal alteradas. Nas imagens radiográficas foram evidenciados polidactilia pré-axial no lado tibial, metatarsos fundidos e falanges livres em forma de Y. A polidactilia pré-axial observada diferiu do relato existente de polidactilia pós-axial (Po/Po+) caracterizado por um dedo extra no lado ulnar de um ou ambos os membros anteriores e de característica dominante. Os achados observados destacam a importância dos exames clínicos e da atenção cuidadosa dos profissionais envolvidos na criação de roedores sobre as alterações físicas decorrentes de diferentes causas, inclusive as genéticas, em revelar mutações e, às vezes, novos biomodelos.(AU)

Multimodal anesthesia associated with regional block in a dog who underwent corrective surgery for persistent right aortic arch: case report / Anestesia multimodal associada a bloqueio loco-regional em cão submetido a cirurgia corretiva para persistência de arco aórtico direito: relato de caso

The persistence of the fourth right aortic arch (PRAA) is a congenital malformation that affects the heart base's main vessels. Surgical treatment is recommended and should be advocated as a matter of urgency. In this context, efficient anesthesia planning is necessary, with satisfactory analgesia, associating multimodal techniques with regional blocks. The present work aims to report the anesthetic procedure during corrective surgery for PRAA in a dog. Neuroleptanalgesia was intramuscularly performed, using acepromazine (0.015 mg.kg-1) and methadone (0.3 mg.kg-1) in pre-anesthetic medication. Ketamine (1 mg.kg-1) and propofol (3 mg.kg-1) were administered at induction, both intravenously, followed by maintenance using total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (initial rate of 0.4 mg.kg-1 .minute) and remifentanil, (0.2 mcg.kg.-1.minute). In addition, ultrasound-guided regional intercostal block was performed, with 5% bupivacaine without vasoconstrictor (0.05ml.kg-1). Ketamine infusion was postoperatively maintained for one hour. The instituted protocol proved to be satisfactory in controlling trans and postoperative pain, maintaining all parameters stable during and after the procedure, without any intercurrence. Thus, the protocol provided quality recovery to the patient.(AU)

A persistência do quarto arco aórtico direito é uma má formação congênita, afetando os principais vasos da base cardíaca. O tratamento cirúrgico é recomendado e preconiza-se um planejamento anestésico eficiente, associando-se técnicas multimodais a bloqueios regionais. O presente trabalho objetiva relatar a anestesia durante cirurgia corretiva de PDA em cão. Na medicação pré-anestésica, instituiu-se neuroleptonalgesia, utilizando-se acepromazina (0,015 mg.kg-1) e metadona (0,3 mg.kg-1), por via intramuscular. Na indução, foi administrada cetamina (1mg.kg -1) e propofol (3 mg.kg-1). Para manutenção, utilizou--se propofol (taxa inicial de 0,4 mg.kg-1.minuto) e remifentanil, (0,2 mcg.kg-1.minuto). Além disso, foi realizado bloqueio regional intercostal guiado por ultrassom com bupivacaína sem vasoconstritor a 5% (0,05ml.kg-1). O paciente permaneceu em infusão analgésica de cetamina por uma hora, no pós operatório. O protocolo estabelecido demonstrou ser satisfatório no controle de dor trans e pós-operatória, mantendo todos os parâmetros estáveis, sem nenhuma intercorrência, proporcionando qualidade de recuperação ao paciente.(AU)

Correção de deformidade flexural da articulação metacarpofalangeana em uma bezerra / Correction of flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint in a calf

Background: The congenital flexural deformity is common in cattle, often affecting the metacarpophalangeal joint of thethoracic limbs. The deformity may be mild, moderate, or severe, and the therapy depends on the limb’s degree of flexionand the affected joint. In severe deformities, tenotomy of the flexor tendons and desmotomy of the suspensor ligament isrecommended. However, this surgical technique may not be sufficient to promote limb extension, and other interventionsmay be necessary. Thus, the purpose of this report is to describe a technique to correct severe flexural deformities of themetacarpophalangeal joint in calves.Case: A 3-month-old, female, Dutch-bred calf weighing 46 kg was referred for treatment of congenital flexural deformity.On attendance, the patient presented severe deformity in the right thoracic limb and mild in the left thoracic limb both at theheight of the metacarpophalangeal joints. During palpation it was possible to notice that the flexor tendons were contractedin both limbs. Radiographic exams were performed to rule out the presence of other diseases, confirming the diagnosis offlexural deformity. The patient was referred to surgery to correct the anatomical anomaly. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in right lateral decubitus. In the left thoracic limb, an incision was made in the medial region ofthe metacarpal bone, the tissues were divulsioned until the superficial digital and deep digital flexor tendons were exposed;these structures were sectioned with a scalpel, and the limb was extended, returning to the standard anatomical position. Inthe right thoracic limb, the same procedure was performed, but during the limb extension test, we observed that the limbremained flexed, we then followed with a second incision and section of the deep...

Clinical and anatomopathological descriptions of dog with arterious Hemitruncus: case report / [Descrições clínicas e anatomopatológicas de cão com hemitruncus arterioso: relato de caso

The anomalous origin of the pulmonary trunk in the ascending aorta, defined as arterious hemitruncus, is a rare congenital malformation in dogs, caused by a defect in the spiral septum. Thus, given the unusual occurrence in the canine species, the systemic severity and the high lethality, the aim of this study was to describe this heart disease in a three-month-old male German Spitz puppy, emphasizing clinical changes of the necropsy and microscopics. The animal had cyanosis, dyspnea and weakness and was forwarded for necropsy after sudden death. Numerous changes were detected in the post-mortem examination, including in the heart, as cardiomegaly and absence of the arterial ligament, which was replaced by the complete fusion between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk, after leaving both the left and right ventricles, respectively and, among the microscopic findings, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy stood out. The association of these findings with the history indicated the diagnosis of arterious hemitruncus followed by cardiorespiratory failure, emphasizing the importance of out complementary cardiological exams in young symptomatic patients for the survival of those affected. Arterious hemitruncus, although rare, must be added in the differential diagnosis of other heart diseases that cause similar clinical signs.(AU)

A origem anômala do tronco pulmonar em aorta ascendente, definida como hemitruncus arterioso, é uma malformação congênita rara em cães, causada por defeito no septo espiral. Assim, diante da ocorrência incomum na espécie canina, da gravidade sistêmica e da alta letalidade, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever essa doença cardíaca em um filhote de três meses de idade, macho, Spitz Alemão, enfatizando as alterações clínicas, de necropsia e microscópicas. O animal apresentava cianose, dispneia e fraqueza e foi encaminhado para necropsia após morte súbita. Inúmeras alterações foram detectadas no exame post-mortem, inclusive no coração, como cardiomegalia e ausência do ligamento arterioso, o qual foi substituído pela fusão completa entre aorta ascendente e tronco pulmonar, após a saída de ambas dos ventrículos esquerdo e direito, respectivamente, e, dentre os achados microscópicos, destacou-se a hipertrofia de cardiomiócitos. A associação desses achados com o histórico indicou o diagnóstico de hemitruncus arterioso seguido de insuficiência cardiorrespiratória, ressaltando-se a importância de exames complementares cardiológicos em pacientes jovens sintomáticos na sobrevida dos acometidos. O hemitruncus arterioso, apesar de raro, deve ser acrescido no diagnóstico diferencial de outras cardiopatias que causam sinais clínicos similares.(AU)

Aberrant right subclavian artery in a dog - case report / [Ectopia de artéria subclávia direita em cão - relato de caso]

The brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery originate from the aortic arch, and both supply blood to the head, neck, and thoracic limbs. Anatomical variations, such as an aberrant right subclavian artery, are congenital conditions rarely observed in dogs, Thus, the objective of the present report was to describe a case of aberrant right subclavian artery in a 9-year-old Dalmatian. However, this anomaly was a finding in which the patient was asymptomatic during its 9 years of life and only at this age did he exhibit signs including sialorrhea, vomiting, hyporexia, and noisy deglutition. Blood count, biochemical profile, and thoracic radiography led to a diagnosis of megaesophagus and aspiration pneumonia. Despite the recommended treatment, the patient did not respond well; as such, the owner elected to euthanize the animal. On necropsy, the right subclavian artery originated directly from the aortic arch, followed a route from left to right dorsally to the esophagus, and then formed an impression of the vascular path over the muscular wall of the esophagus. The esophagus, in turn, exhibited a flaccid wall and dilation in the caudal portion to the vascular path made by the ectopic position of the right subclavian artery.(AU)

O tronco braquiocefálico e a artéria subclávia esquerda emergem do arco aórtico e são responsáveis por fazerem o suprimento sanguíneo para cabeça, pescoço e membros torácicos. Variações anatômicas, como a ectopia da artéria subclávia direita, são alterações congênitas raramente encontradas em cães, cujas alterações do sistema digestivo acontecem em pacientes recém-desmamados e não em adultos. Assim, o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de ectopia da artéria subclávia direita em uma cadela, Dálmata, de nove anos de idade. No entanto, essa anomalia foi um achado do qual o paciente foi assintomático durante os nove anos de vida e somente com essa idade apresentou sinais como sialorreia, vômito, hiporexia e deglutição ruidosa. O hemograma e os perfis bioquímicos, associados à radiografia torácica, levaram a um diagnóstico de megaesôfago e pneumonia aspirativa. Mesmo seguindo o tratamento recomendado, houve piora clínica do quadro e o animal foi submetido à eutanásia. À macroscopia, a artéria subclávia direita originava-se direto do arco aórtico, fazia um percurso da esquerda para a direita dorsalmente ao esôfago e, então, formava uma impressão do trajeto vascular sobre a parede muscular do esôfago. O esôfago, por sua vez, apresentava parede flácida e dilatação na porção caudal ao trajeto vascular feito pela posição ectópica da artéria subclávia direita.(AU)

Abordagem clínico-cirúrgica de desvio portossistêmico congênito em pequenos animais: quais as novidades? / Clinical and surgical approach of congenital portosystemic shunt in small animals: are there new informations?

Foi realizada uma revisão sobre a fisiopatogenia, sinais clínicos, diagnóstico e principais tratamentos e técnicas para o desvio portossistêmico em pequenos animais. As fontes pesquisadas foram: CAB, MEDILINE por um período retrospectivo de 20 anos e acervos da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). O desvio portossistêmico congênito (DPSC) é uma das anormalidades vasculares mais comuns em cães, as raças de pequeno porte apresentam maior incidência. Os DPSCs em cães e gatos são comunicações vasculares que ocorrem do sistema venoso portal para o sistema venoso sistêmico, ou seja, fazem uma via secundária. Há dois tipos de DPSCs, intra-hepático e extra-hepático, observados com frequência em raças de grande porte e miniaturas, respectivamente. O diagnóstico é baseado no histórico de animais jovens com retardo de crescimento, letargia, convulsão ou distúrbio de comportamento principalmente após alimentação, retorno demorado de anestesia ou sedação, crise de encefalopatia hepática, em raças predispostas. A confirmação do vaso anômalo é realizada pela ultrassonografia com doppler, angiografia por tomografia computadorizada ou por ressonância magnética.(AU)

It was performed a review of pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnostic and main treatments and techniques for portosystemic shunts in small animals. The researched Sources were: a 20 years retrospective research of CAB, MEDILINE and collection of Faculty of MedicineVeterinary and Animal Science (FMVZ) of the Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Congenital portossystemic shunts (CPSS) are one of the vascular abnormalities more common in dogs. Small breeds are the most affected. The CPSS in dogs and cats, are vascular communications between portal venous system and systemic venous system, in other words, a secondary via. There are two types of CPSS, the intrahepatic and extrahepatic shunts, observed in large and small breeds, respectively. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings of young dogs referring delayed development, lethargy, convulsions, behavior disturbances mainly after food ingestion, poor recovery after anesthesia or sedation, hepatic encephalopathy crisis observed breeds with predisposition. Definitive diagnosis of CPSS is done by abdominal doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance. Medical management can alleviate signs of hepatic encephalopathy. However, long term treatment is questionable because blood circulation is still bypassing liver to systemic circulation, leading to disturbance of hepatotropic factors distribution to the liver, resulting in liver atrophy. The only definitive treatment is the surgical one. The ideal technique is the progressive attenuation of anomalous vessel and avoid acute portal hypertension. Within the described techniques for surgical treatment, the use of ameroid constrictor represents the safest way of vessel closure. On the other way, some CPS patients can suffer severe perioperative complications. So they need specific clinical and surgical approaches associated to precise image diagnostic to correct localization of the anomalous vessel and surgical success.(AU)

Abordagem clínico-cirúrgica de desvio portossistêmico congênito em pequenos animais: quais as novidades? / Clinical and surgical approach of congenital portosystemic shunt in small animals: are there new informations?

Foi realizada uma revisão sobre a fisiopatogenia, sinais clínicos, diagnóstico e principais tratamentos e técnicas para o desvio portossistêmico em pequenos animais. As fontes pesquisadas foram: CAB, MEDILINE por um período retrospectivo de 20 anos e acervos da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). O desvio portossistêmico congênito (DPSC) é uma das anormalidades vasculares mais comuns em cães, as raças de pequeno porte apresentam maior incidência. Os DPSCs em cães e gatos são comunicações vasculares que ocorrem do sistema venoso portal para o sistema venoso sistêmico, ou seja, fazem uma via secundária. Há dois tipos de DPSCs, intra-hepático e extra-hepático, observados com frequência em raças de grande porte e miniaturas, respectivamente. O diagnóstico é baseado no histórico de animais jovens com retardo de crescimento, letargia, convulsão ou distúrbio de comportamento principalmente após alimentação, retorno demorado de anestesia ou sedação, crise de encefalopatia hepática, em raças predispostas. A confirmação do vaso anômalo é realizada pela ultrassonografia com doppler, angiografia por tomografia computadorizada ou por ressonância magnética.

It was performed a review of pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnostic and main treatments and techniques for portosystemic shunts in small animals. The researched Sources were: a 20 years retrospective research of CAB, MEDILINE and collection of Faculty of MedicineVeterinary and Animal Science (FMVZ) of the Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Congenital portossystemic shunts (CPSS) are one of the vascular abnormalities more common in dogs. Small breeds are the most affected. The CPSS in dogs and cats, are vascular communications between portal venous system and systemic venous system, in other words, a secondary via. There are two types of CPSS, the intrahepatic and extrahepatic shunts, observed in large and small breeds, respectively. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings of young dogs referring delayed development, lethargy, convulsions, behavior disturbances mainly after food ingestion, poor recovery after anesthesia or sedation, hepatic encephalopathy crisis observed breeds with predisposition. Definitive diagnosis of CPSS is done by abdominal doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance. Medical management can alleviate signs of hepatic encephalopathy. However, long term treatment is questionable because blood circulation is still bypassing liver to systemic circulation, leading to disturbance of hepatotropic factors distribution to the liver, resulting in liver atrophy. The only definitive treatment is the surgical one. The ideal technique is the progressive attenuation of anomalous vessel and avoid acute portal hypertension. Within the described techniques for surgical treatment, the use of ameroid constrictor represents the safest way of vessel closure. On the other way, some CPS patients can suffer severe perioperative complications. So they need specific clinical and surgical approaches associated to precise image diagnostic to correct localization of the anomalous vessel and surgical success.

Agenesia ovariana unilateral em gata - relato de caso / Unilateral ovarian agenesis in cat: case report / Agenesia ovárica unilateral en gata - relato de caso

Anomalias reprodutivas em fêmeas domésticas são de rara ocorrência e caracterizam-se na grande maioria dos casos pela ausência de sintomatologia clínica que possa ser percebida pelos proprietários, dessa maneira o diagnóstico ocorre muitas vezes de forma incidental durante OSH, necropsia ou celiotomia exploratória. Este artigo descreve o achado incidental de agenesia ovariana unilateral direita em gata SRD submetida a OSH em programa de castração solidária. Na ocasião, não foram realizados exames complementares pré-cirúrgicos, estando a avaliação do animal restrita apenas a exame físico geral e palpação abdominal. A abordagem foi realizada por meio de acesso mediano ventral. Após a exposição do corno uterino esquerdo foi constatada inexistência do ovário esquerdo, que foi confirmada mediante palpação cranial do complexo arteriovenoso ovariano (CAVO) até a superfície renal. Não houve dificuldades na realização das manobras de hemostasia, no entanto, a ausência de exames de imagem pode aumentar o risco cirúrgico, sobretudo para profissionais ou estudantes inexperientes. Apesar de ser uma condição de simples resolução cirúrgica, deve-se evitar demasiada e brusca tração do CAVO devido ao risco de complicações decorrentes de sua ruptura.

Reproductive anomalies in domestic cats are uncommonand in most cases, they are characterized by the absence of clinical symptoms that can be perceived by the owners, this way the diagnosis often occurs incidentally during OSH, necropsy or exploratory celiotomy. This article describes the incidental finding of right unilateral ovarian agenesis in a female cat submitted to OSH in a solidarity castration program. At the time, no pre-surgical complementary exams were performed, the evaluation of the animal is restricted to general physical examination and abdominal palpation. The approach was performed through the ventral median approach. After exposure of the left uterine horn there was no left ovary, confirmed by cranial palpation of the ovarian arteriovenous complex (OAVC) to the surface kidney. No difficulties were found in performing hemostasis maneuvers, however, the absence of imaging may increase the surgical risk, especially for inexperienced professionals or students. Despite being a condition of simple surgical resolution, excessive and sudden traction should be avoided OAVC due to the risk of complications arising from its rupture.

Las anomalías reproductivas en las hembras domésticas son de rara ocurrencia y se caracterizan en la gran mayoría de los casos por la ausencia de sintomatología clínica que pueden ser percibidas por los propietarios, así como la forma de descubrir muchas veces de forma incidental durante la OSH, necropsia o celiotomía exploratoria. Este artículo describe el trabajo incidental de agenesia ovárica unilateral en una gata SRD sometido a OSH en programa de castración solidaria. En la ocasión, se mantuvieron las pruebas pre quirúrgicas, con la evaluación del animal restringido sólo un examen físico general y palpación abdominal. El abordaje fue realizado por medio de acceso mediano ventral. Después de la exposición del cuerno uterino continental inexistente inexplicablemente, lo que es confirmado por invasión craneal del complejo arteriovenoso ovariano (CAVO) hasta una superficie renal. El intento de intentar aumentar la capacidad de hemostasia, sin embargo, la ausencia de exámenes de imagen puede aumentar el riesgo quirúrgico, sobre todo para los individuos o para los inexpertos. A pesar de ser una condición de simple resolución, es necesario que la tracción del CAVOS ocurra debido al riesgo de complicaciones resultantes de su ruptura.

Agenesia ovariana unilateral em gata - relato de caso / Unilateral ovarian agenesis in cat: case report / Agenesia ovárica unilateral en gata - relato de caso

Anomalias reprodutivas em fêmeas domésticas são de rara ocorrência e caracterizam-se na grande maioria dos casos pela ausência de sintomatologia clínica que possa ser percebida pelos proprietários, dessa maneira o diagnóstico ocorre muitas vezes de forma incidental durante OSH, necropsia ou celiotomia exploratória. Este artigo descreve o achado incidental de agenesia ovariana unilateral direita em gata SRD submetida a OSH em programa de castração solidária. Na ocasião, não foram realizados exames complementares pré-cirúrgicos, estando a avaliação do animal restrita apenas a exame físico geral e palpação abdominal. A abordagem foi realizada por meio de acesso mediano ventral. Após a exposição do corno uterino esquerdo foi constatada inexistência do ovário esquerdo, que foi confirmada mediante palpação cranial do complexo arteriovenoso ovariano (CAVO) até a superfície renal. Não houve dificuldades na realização das manobras de hemostasia, no entanto, a ausência de exames de imagem pode aumentar o risco cirúrgico, sobretudo para profissionais ou estudantes inexperientes. Apesar de ser uma condição de simples resolução cirúrgica, deve-se evitar demasiada e brusca tração do CAVO devido ao risco de complicações decorrentes de sua ruptura.(AU)

Reproductive anomalies in domestic cats are uncommonand in most cases, they are characterized by the absence of clinical symptoms that can be perceived by the owners, this way the diagnosis often occurs incidentally during OSH, necropsy or exploratory celiotomy. This article describes the incidental finding of right unilateral ovarian agenesis in a female cat submitted to OSH in a solidarity castration program. At the time, no pre-surgical complementary exams were performed, the evaluation of the animal is restricted to general physical examination and abdominal palpation. The approach was performed through the ventral median approach. After exposure of the left uterine horn there was no left ovary, confirmed by cranial palpation of the ovarian arteriovenous complex (OAVC) to the surface kidney. No difficulties were found in performing hemostasis maneuvers, however, the absence of imaging may increase the surgical risk, especially for inexperienced professionals or students. Despite being a condition of simple surgical resolution, excessive and sudden traction should be avoided OAVC due to the risk of complications arising from its rupture.(AU)

Las anomalías reproductivas en las hembras domésticas son de rara ocurrencia y se caracterizan en la gran mayoría de los casos por la ausencia de sintomatología clínica que pueden ser percibidas por los propietarios, así como la forma de descubrir muchas veces de forma incidental durante la OSH, necropsia o celiotomía exploratoria. Este artículo describe el trabajo incidental de agenesia ovárica unilateral en una gata SRD sometido a OSH en programa de castración solidaria. En la ocasión, se mantuvieron las pruebas pre quirúrgicas, con la evaluación del animal restringido sólo un examen físico general y palpación abdominal. El abordaje fue realizado por medio de acceso mediano ventral. Después de la exposición del cuerno uterino continental inexistente inexplicablemente, lo que es confirmado por invasión craneal del complejo arteriovenoso ovariano (CAVO) hasta una superficie renal. El intento de intentar aumentar la capacidad de hemostasia, sin embargo, la ausencia de exámenes de imagen puede aumentar el riesgo quirúrgico, sobre todo para los individuos o para los inexpertos. A pesar de ser una condición de simple resolución, es necesario que la tracción del CAVOS ocurra debido al riesgo de complicaciones resultantes de su ruptura.(AU)

Hermafroditismo verdadeiro na espécie canina / True hermaphroditism in a dog

Background: Hermaphroditism or intersex is a general term that includes various congenital anomalies of the genital system which is used to define animals with ambiguous sexual characteristics. It occurs in domestic animals, more commonly in pigs and goats, and rarely in horses, dogs, sheep, and cattle. The prevalence of hermaphroditism varies a lot among breeds and species and is higher in groups with a high degree of consanguinity. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe a case of canine hermaphroditism in a dog with male phenotype, as well as the anatomical and hormonal findings, and classification of the hermaphroditism exhibited by the animal studied. Case: A 1-year-old, mongrel, 5 kg dog was referred to the UHV-UECE due to the presence of a slit on the lower quadrant of the abdomen, caudal to the umbilical scar. At examination, the animal exhibited normal rectal temperature, no alterations of palpable lymph nodes, and a satisfactory body condition score. The pubic area had 2 testicles, each one in a different scrotum, 1 to the right and 1 to the left of the slit. A prepuce with no apparent function was present cranially to the slit, closer to the umbilical scar. At the other extremity of the slit, on the pubic region, there was a flaccid structure similar to a penis (micropenis) with no penile bone and no function. The slit was open until the area ventral to the anus, where the urethra was detected. The animal exhibited a behavior of territory demarcation with urine typically seen in male dogs. Orchiectomy and slit correction surgery were performed. Pre-surgical exams included: complete blood count and hormonal doses of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone. […]

Hermafroditismo verdadeiro na espécie canina / True hermaphroditism in a dog

Background: Hermaphroditism or intersex is a general term that includes various congenital anomalies of the genital system which is used to define animals with ambiguous sexual characteristics. It occurs in domestic animals, more commonly in pigs and goats, and rarely in horses, dogs, sheep, and cattle. The prevalence of hermaphroditism varies a lot among breeds and species and is higher in groups with a high degree of consanguinity. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe a case of canine hermaphroditism in a dog with male phenotype, as well as the anatomical and hormonal findings, and classification of the hermaphroditism exhibited by the animal studied. Case: A 1-year-old, mongrel, 5 kg dog was referred to the UHV-UECE due to the presence of a slit on the lower quadrant of the abdomen, caudal to the umbilical scar. At examination, the animal exhibited normal rectal temperature, no alterations of palpable lymph nodes, and a satisfactory body condition score. The pubic area had 2 testicles, each one in a different scrotum, 1 to the right and 1 to the left of the slit. A prepuce with no apparent function was present cranially to the slit, closer to the umbilical scar. At the other extremity of the slit, on the pubic region, there was a flaccid structure similar to a penis (micropenis) with no penile bone and no function. The slit was open until the area ventral to the anus, where the urethra was detected. The animal exhibited a behavior of territory demarcation with urine typically seen in male dogs. Orchiectomy and slit correction surgery were performed. Pre-surgical exams included: complete blood count and hormonal doses of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone. […](AU)

Hipoplasia renal em caprino relato de caso / Renal hypoplasia in goat case report

Os rins são órgãos filtradores do conteúdo sanguíneo, em caprinos possuem a forma de feijão e são importantes contribuintes para a manutenção da homeostasia. São órgãos retroperitoniais, então estão localizados fora da cavidade peritoneal, entretanto mais firmemente presos à parede abdominal pela fáscia, vasos e ao peritônio do que os outros órgãos. A hipoplasia é, na maioria dos casos, proveniente de algum fator congênito e caracteriza-se pelo desenvolvimento reduzido ou ausente de um ou ambos os rins, com redução de suas funções. (AU)

The kidneys are filtrating blood content organs that in goats have the form of beans and are important contributors to the maintenance of homeostasis. As retroperitoneal organs, are located outside the peritoneal cavity, though more firmly attached to the abdominal wall by fascia, vessels and peritoneum that other organs. Hypoplasiais, generally, from a congenital factor and is characterized by lower or absent development of one or both kidneys, reducing its functions. (AU)