Comparação clínica entre dois métodos de estabilização em desvio angular distal de tíbia corrigido pela metodologia CORA / Clinical comparison between two stabilization methods in distal tibial angular deviation corrected by the CORA method

Background: Angular deformity is characterized by the deviation of part of the bone that can occur in three different planes, frontal, sagittal and transverse. Trauma on physeal plates is the most common cause of angular deviations of the limbs in dogs. Currently the CORA (Center of Rotation of Angulation) methodology is the best way to evaluate and surgically correct these deformities. The objective of this study is to describe the surgical procedures performed to treat the uniapical valgus deviation affecting both tibial bones in a dog, comparing the outcomes of hybrid external skeletal fixator used in the right pelvic limb in relation to the locking plate used in the left pelvic limb. Case: A 10-month old Border Collie dog was attended at the University Veterinary Hospital with history of lameness and deviation of both pelvic limbs. In the orthopedic examination, it was possible to identify bilateral valgus deviation in the region of the tibio-tarsal joints and moderate lameness, with absence of pain or joint crepitation. Radiographic examination showed that the deformity was only uniapical in the frontal plane, affecting both tibial bones of the dog. Signs of osteoarthrosis were not observed and the preoperative examinations were within the normal limits for the species. The deformities were corrected in two surgical times starting with the procedure in the right tibia, which appeared to be clinically worse. Due to the fact that it was a bilateral affection and there was not a healthy pelvic limb to obtain the normal angles values of this dog, for planning according to the CORA methodology, the values of the tibial mechanical angles for dogs of similar size were taken from the literature. For surgical correction of the right tibia, a closed wedge osteotomy was performed following the second rule of Paley

Comparação clínica entre dois métodos de estabilização em desvio angular distal de tíbia corrigido pela metodologia CORA / Clinical comparison between two stabilization methods in distal tibial angular deviation corrected by the CORA method

Background: Angular deformity is characterized by the deviation of part of the bone that can occur in three different planes, frontal, sagittal and transverse. Trauma on physeal plates is the most common cause of angular deviations of the limbs in dogs. Currently the CORA (Center of Rotation of Angulation) methodology is the best way to evaluate and surgically correct these deformities. The objective of this study is to describe the surgical procedures performed to treat the uniapical valgus deviation affecting both tibial bones in a dog, comparing the outcomes of hybrid external skeletal fixator used in the right pelvic limb in relation to the locking plate used in the left pelvic limb. Case: A 10-month old Border Collie dog was attended at the University Veterinary Hospital with history of lameness and deviation of both pelvic limbs. In the orthopedic examination, it was possible to identify bilateral valgus deviation in the region of the tibio-tarsal joints and moderate lameness, with absence of pain or joint crepitation. Radiographic examination showed that the deformity was only uniapical in the frontal plane, affecting both tibial bones of the dog. Signs of osteoarthrosis were not observed and the preoperative examinations were within the normal limits for the species. The deformities were corrected in two surgical times starting with the procedure in the right tibia, which appeared to be clinically worse. Due to the fact that it was a bilateral affection and there was not a healthy pelvic limb to obtain the normal angles values of this dog, for planning according to the CORA methodology, the values of the tibial mechanical angles for dogs of similar size were taken from the literature. For surgical correction of the right tibia, a closed wedge osteotomy was performed following the second rule of Paley…(AU)

NÍVEIS DE FÓSFORO EM DIETAS PARA ZEBRAFISH Danio rerio

EXIGÊNCIA DIETÁRIA DE FÓSFORO PARA ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) RESUMO: O ensaio de crescimento foi realizado para estimar a disponibilidade de fósforo (P) do fosfato bicálcico, a exigência de fósforo e os sinais externos de deficiência em dietas para zebrafish (Danio rerio) em aquários de 15 L. Foram utilizadas seis dietas semipurificadas para conterem os níveis graduais de (0,35, 0,65, 0,95, 1,25, 1,55 e 1,85%) de fósforo total por 8 semanas. A dieta basal (T1), contendo 0,35% de fósforo total, não foi suplementada com fonte mineral de fósforo, e as cinco dietas experimentais foram formuladas com inclusão crescente de fosfato bicálcico. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições, utilizando 450 alevinos (peso médio inicial de 0,0079 ± 0,0003g e idade de 31 dias pós eclosão). Os peixes foram alimentados 6 vezes ao dia, e mantidos em temperatura constante de 28±1 ¿C, o pH e as concentrações de amônia e oxigênio dissolvido foram de 6,8 ± 0,32 mg L-1, 0,06 ± 0,01 mg L-1 e 6,5 ± 0,3, respectivamente. A disponibilidade de fósforo do fosfato bicálcico foi de 53,84%. A conversão alimentar (FC), a taxa de crescimento específico (SGR), o crecimento (G) e o comprimento final (L) tiveram correlação positiva com o nível de fósforo na dieta (p>0,01). A eficiência na retenção de fósforo foi maior nos peixes alimentados com as dietas com 0,35 e 0,65% de fósforo. As análises de composição corporal dos peixes mostraram que o fósforo, cálcio, magnésio, matéria seca e lipídeos foram significativamente afetados pela concentração de fósforo nas dietas (p<0,01), porém, não significativo para a concentração corporal de manganês, zinco e cobre entre os tratamentos. Sinais da deficiência de fósforo foram caracterizados pelo menor crescimento, baixa apetite, aumento da concentração corporal de lipídeos, aparecimento de sinais externos de deformidades esqueléticas (cranial, lordose e escoliose), redução da mineralização óssea (espessura do tecido ósseo). Pode-se concluir que o melhor nível de fósforo foi de 1,55 % para os parâmetros avaliados. ANOMALIAS ESQUELÉTICAS EM ZEBRAFISH ALIMENTADOS COM NÍVEIS DE FÓSFORO RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as anomalias esqueléticas em zebrafish (Danio rerio) alimentados com dietas suplementadas com níveis de fósforo. Foram utilizados 450 alevinos de zebrafish (peso médio inicial de 0,0079 ± 0,0003g e idade de 31 dias pós-eclosão), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. Os peixes foram alimentados 6 vezes ao dia à temperatura de 28±1 ¿C, o pH e as concentrações de amônia e oxigênio dissolvido foram de 6,8 ± 0,32, 0,06 ± 0,01 mg L-1 e 6,5 ± 0,3 mg L-1, respectivamente. Após o período experimental de 8 semanas, os peixes foram diafanizados para possibilitar avaliar internamente as deformidades ósseas (craniais e vertebrais). A ocorrência de fusão parcial das espinhas neurais e hemais, ausência de fusão nas espinhas, ausência de paralelismo entre as espinhas neurais e hemais, normalidade do espaçamento intervertebral, compressão vertebral, intensidade das deformidades: escoliose, lordose, anquilose e inserção da nadadeira caudal, e as deformidades craniofaciais foram inversamente proporcionais ao aumento do P dietético. Não foi observada influência na mortalidade pelas dietas avaliadas. A concentração de P dietético é fator crítico na ocorrência de anomalias esqueléticas em zebrafish, e a concentração de 1,55% de P total na dieta reduziu significativamente a ocorrência de deformidades esqueléticas. Pode-se concluir que a inclusão de 1,55% de fósforo total nas dietas reduz a incidência de anomalias esqueléticas e está intimamente ligada à mineralização óssea, influenciada pela expressão do gene da ostecalcina.

ABSTRACT: The growth assay was performed to estimate the dicalcium phosphate phosphorus (P) availability, the phosphorus requirement and external deficiency signs in diet of zebrafish (Danio rerio) allocated in 15 L aquarium . Six semipurified diets were used with graded total phosphorus levels (0.35, 0.65, 0.95, 1.25, 1.55 and 1.85%) for 8 weeks. The basal diet (T1), with 0.35% total phosphorus was not supplemented with phosphorous mineral source, and all diets were formulated with inorganic phosphate inclusion increasing. For the experiment 450 zebrafish fingerlings were used (0.0079 ± 0,0003g average weight with 31 days post-hatching), distributed in a completely randomized design experiment with five replications. The fish were fed six times a day at 28 ± 1 ¿C, 6.8 ± 0, 32 pH, 0.06 ± 0.01 mg L-1 ammonia concentration and 6.5 ± 0.3 mg L-1dissolved oxygen. Dicalcium phosphate phosphorus availability was 53.84%. Feed Conversion (FC), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Growth (G) and the final Length (L) had a positive correlation with phosphorus diet levels (p> 0.01). The phosphorus retention efficiency was higher in fish fed 0.35 and 0.65% phosphorus diets. The fish body composition analyzes showed that phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, dry matter and lipids were significantly affected by phosphorus diets concentration (p> 0.01), however, not significant for body manganese, zinc and copper concentration among treatments. Phosphorus deficiency signs were characterized by lower growth, low appetite, increased body lipid contents, external appearance of skeletal deformity (cranial, lordosis and scoliosis), mineralization bone reduction (bone tissue thickness). It can be concluded that the better phosphorus level was 1.55% for all parameters evaluated. ABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to describe skeletal abnormalities in zebrafish (Danio rerio) fed by different phosphorus diets levels. For the experiment 450 zebrafish fingerlings were used (0.0079 ± 0,0003g average weight with 31 days after hatching), distributed in a completely randomized design experiment with five replications. The fish were fed six times a day at 28 ± 1 ¿C , 6.8 ± 0, 32 pH, 0.06 ± 0.01 mg L-1 ammonia concentration and 6.5 ± 0.3 mg L-1dissolved oxygen. After 8-week experiment, fish were diaphanized to evaluate bone deformities (cranial and spinal). The partial neural and hemal fusion spines occurrence, spines fusions absence, parallelism absence between neural and hemal spines, intervertebral normal spacing, vertebral compression, deformities intensity: scoliosis, lordosis, ankylosis and fin caudal insertion, and craniofacial deformities were proportional inversely to P dietary increase. There was no fish mortality in all treatments. It was found that the dietary phosphorus concentration is critical factor in the zebrafish skeletal abnormalities occurrence, and 1.55% of P concentration in the diet reduces significantly skeletal deformities occurrence. It can be concluded that 1.55% total phosphorus inclusion in the diet reduces skeletal abnormalities incidence and is closely related with bone mineralization, influenced by ostecalcin gene expression.