Myelodysplastic syndrome progression to acute myeloid leukemia in a cat FeLV seroreactive

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of non-lymphoid hematological tumors characterized by aberrant proliferation and/or decreased apoptosis of a clone of non-mature cells, resulting in the accumulation of immature blast cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. It is considered rare, as it represents 10% of neoplasms of hematopoietic origin. However, it is known that felines seroreactive for FIV and FeLV are more predisposed and reports of this type of leukemia in cats in the literature are scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the blood and bone marrow of a cat seroreactive for FeLV that presented with myelodysplastic syndrome that progressed to acute myeloid leukemia. Case: A 6-year-old male mixed-breed cat, neutered, seroreactive for FeLV, showed apathy, weight loss, and pale mucous membranes. Initial peripheral blood smear evaluation revealed hypochromic normocytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytosis with many macropackets and giant platelets. Based on this blood picture, a long-spectrum antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin and clavulanate [Clavulin® BD - 25 mg/kg, every 12 h] was started. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor used filgrastim (rHu G-CSF) [Fiprina® - 5 µg/kg, SC, every 48 h] and appetite stimulant mirtazapine [Mirtz® - 2 mg/cat, orally, every 48 h] were used to correct leukopenia and nutritional status, respectively. Follow-up blood smear evaluation on the 30th day showed persistence of the hematological changes noticed earlier. A bone marrow puncture was performed, and immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone [Predsim® - 4 mg/kg, orally, every 24 h] was initiated. The aspirated material showed increased cellularity for age, decreased myeloid:erythroid ratio, and 39.8% of blasts of myeloid origin. An average of 17.7 megakaryocytes were observed per field (10x magnification). Bone marrow cytological evaluation suggested acute myeloid leukemia with dysmegakaryocytopoiesis. After the diagnosis, the examinations were repeated monthly, and there was still intense leukopenia. However, in view of the stable clinical status and leukopenia with neutropenia, treatment for leukemia was not instituted and only supportive treatment was administered when necessary. Eight months after the diagnosis, clinical status had worsened, and unlike the earlier hemograms, global leukocyte count had increased with predominant lymphocytosis (95% of the total leukocytes) with atypical lymphocytes. The cat died a few days later. Discussion: Bone marrow evaluation is indicated when peripheral blood cell abnormalities are present and cannot be explained in the context of the clinical history. In the present report, the bone marrow aspirate was hypercellular (cellularity above 75%); however, intense leukopenia was observed in the peripheral blood. In myelodysplastic syndromes, it is common for the bone marrow to be normal to hypercellular, which occurs when there is a greater production of myeloid or erythroid cell lines in response to the loss, destruction, or consumption of cells. Despite this, cytopenias may be present in the peripheral blood, since the defective cells undergo apoptosis and die before being released into the circulation, characterizing inefficient hematopoiesis. The diagnosis of acute leukemia comprises a variety of hematopoietic neoplasms that are complex and unique. Each acute leukemia subtype has defining characteristics that affect the prognosis and treatment of each animal.

Resveratrol-Tempeh reduce micronucleus frequencies bone marrow cells and stimulate osteocyte proliferation in aluminum chloride-induced mice / Redução de frequências de micronúcleos células da medula óssea e estímulo proliferação de osteócitos em camundongos induzidos por cloreto de alumínio através do uso de Resveratrol-Tempeh

Aluminum (Al) is widely used for water purification, cooking pots, cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations, toothpaste tubes, and food processing industries. Although the transport in the digestive tract is very poor but if the load is high, it can be absorbed and accumulated. About 50-70% of Al accumulates in the bones and can have an impact on human health. Resveratrol (RES), isolated from tempeh as an Indonesian food ingredient, can increase cell viability and has promising cytoprotective effects. RES has the capacity to interact with oxidative stress, so it has the potential as a therapy in bone repair. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of RES on the number of osteocytes and bone marrow cells in Al-induced mice. Swiss Webster mice were divided into four groups: (1) untreated groups, (2) AlCl3 -treated groups, (3) Al+Res5 treated groups, and (4) Al+Res10 treated groups. Al dose 200 mg/kg body weight was administered intraperitoneally. RES was given one hour after administration of Al, with doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg Body Weight. Al and RES administration is carried out for one month. All mice were sacrificed, and mouse bones were isolated for histological preparations and a half for genotoxic assays. Bone marrow cells were collected and stained with My Grunwald. The number of micronuclei polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) was examined in 1,000 PCEs per animal. The number of PCEs is counted by at least 200 erythrocytes (PCE + NCE) per animal. The results showed that the administration of Al significantly increased the number of micronuclei (MN) but after administration of RES at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg Body Weight significantly reduced the number of MN in bone marrow cells. A dose of RES 10 mg/kg BW stimulates proliferation and increases the number of osteocytes in bone significantly. It can be concluded that Al can cause genotoxicity in bone marrow cells and RES is anti-genotoxic and can stimulate osteocyte proliferation.

O alumínio (Al) é amplamente utilizado para purificação de água, panelas, preparações cosméticas e farmacêuticas, tubos de pasta de dente e indústrias de processamento de alimentos. Embora o transporte no trato digestivo seja escasso, se a carga for alta, pode ser, todavia, absorvida e acumulada. Cerca de 50-70% do Al se acumula nos ossos e pode ter impacto na saúde humana. O resveratrol (RES), isolado do tempê indonésio como ingrediente alimentar, pode aumentar a viabilidade celular e tem efeitos citoprotetores promissores. O RES possui a capacidade de interagir com o estresse oxidativo, e por essa razão pode ser utilizado como terapia no reparo ósseo. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do RES no número de osteócitos e células da medula óssea em camundongos induzidos por Al. Camundongos Swiss Webster (SW) foram divididos em quatro grupos: (1) grupos não tratados, (2) grupos tratados com AlCl3 , (3) grupos tratados com Al+Res5 e (4) grupos tratados com Al+Res10. Uma dose de 200 mg/kg de peso corporal foi administrada por via intraperitoneal. O RES foi administrado uma hora após a administração do Al, nas doses de 5 e 10 mg/kg de peso corporal. A administração de Al e RES foi realizada por um mês. Todos os camundongos foram sacrificados, e os ossos dos camundongos foram isolados para preparações histológicas e meio para ensaios genotóxicos. As células da medula óssea foram coletadas e coradas com My Grunwald. O número de eritrócitos policromáticos micronúcleos (MNPCE) foi examinado em 1.000 PCEs por animal. O número de PCEs foi contado por pelo menos 200 eritrócitos (PCE + NCE) por animal. Os resultados mostraram que a administração de Al aumentou significativamente o número de micronúcleos (MN), mas após a administração de RES nas doses de 5 e 10 mg/kg de peso corporal reduziu significativamente o número de MN nas células da medula óssea. Uma dose de RES de 10 mg/kg BW estimula a proliferação e aumenta significativamente o número de osteócitos no osso. Dessa forma, pôde-se concluir que o Al pode causar genotoxicidade em células da medula óssea e o RES é antigenotóxico e pode estimular a proliferação de osteócitos.

Inflammation reduction potential of nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulated with rat's bone marrow cells' lysate / Potencial de redução da inflamação de carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados encapsulados com lisado de células de medula óssea de ratos

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) have been used for treating inflammatory disorders. Due to the large size of BMSCs compared to nanoparticles, BMSCs cannot be loaded into the nanoparticles. It is hypothesized that BMSCs lysate loading into the nanocarriers will effectively deliver cellular contents and regulatory elements of BMSCs at the injury site. This study aimed to investigate nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) loading with BMSCs lysate through basic characterization and morphological analysis. Moreover, this study was mainly designed to investigate the role of NLC loaded BMSCs lysate in reducing inflammation via in-vitro and in-vivoassays. The in-vitro study involves cell viability assays, p53, annexin V and VEGF expression through ELISA and immunocytochemistry, real-time BAX, caspase-3, IL-6, IL-8, TOP2A, PCNA, and Ki-67 gene expression analysis. Additionally, to evaluate in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity, the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model was used. In-vitro results showed that NLC loaded BMSCs lysate increased cell viability, decreased apoptosis and pro-inflammatory genes expression and up-regulated angiogenesis and proliferation in H2O2 pre-stimulated cells. Findings of the in-vivo assay also indicated a reduction in rat's paw oedema volume in NLC-loaded BMSCs lysate, and downregulation of BAX, Caspase-3, IL-6, and IL-8 was observed. Enhanced expressions of TOP2A, PCNA, and Ki-67 were obtained. Concluding the results of this study, NLC-loaded BMSCs lysate could reduce inflammation and possibly regenerate damaged tissue mainly via increasing cell viability, angiogenesis and proliferation, and reducing apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Células estromais mesenquimais derivadas da medula óssea (BMSCs) têm sido utilizadas para o tratamento de distúrbios inflamatórios. Devido ao grande tamanho das BMSCs em comparação com as nanopartículas, as BMSCs não podem ser carregadas nas nanopartículas. Supõe-se que o carregamento de lisado de BMSCs no nanocarriers será eficaz na entrega de conteúdos celulares e elementos reguladores de BMSCs no local da lesão. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a carga de carreador lipídico nanoestruturado (NLC) com lisado de BMSCs através de caracterização básica e análise morfológica. Além disso, este trabalho foi projetado, principalmente, para investigar o papel do lisado de BMSCs carregado com NLC na redução da inflamação por meio de ensaios anti-inflamatórios in vitro e in vivo. O estudo in vitro envolve ensaios de viabilidade celular, expressão de p53, anexina V e VEGF por ELISA e imunocitoquímica e expressão gênica em tempo real de BAX, caspase-3, IL-6, IL-8, TOP2A, PCNA e Ki-67 . Além disso, para avaliar a atividade anti-inflamatória in vivo,o modelo de edema de pata de rato induzido por carragenina foi utilizado. Os resultados in vitro mostraram que o lisado de BMSCs carregadas com NLC aumentou a viabilidade celular, diminuiu a apoptose e a expressão de genes pró-inflamatórios e aumentou a angiogênese e proliferação em células pré-estimuladas com H2O2. Os achados do ensaio in vivo também indicaram uma redução no volume do edema da pata de rato no lisado de BMSCs carregado com NLC, entretando, foi observada a regulação negativa de BAX, Caspase-3, IL-6 e IL-8. Expressões aumentadas de TOP2A, PCNA e Ki-67 foram obtidas. Assim, concluindo os resultados do estudo, é possível afirmar que o lisado de BMSCs carregado com NLC pode reduzir a inflamação e possivelmente regenerar o tecido danificado principalmente por meio do aumento da viabilidade celular, angiogênese e proliferação e redução da apoptose e citocinas pró-inflamatórias.

BM-MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) from trained animals presented nephroprotective potential in unilateralureteral obstruction model

Background: The efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) and its extracellular vesicles has been demonstrated for a broad spectrum of indications, including kidney diseases. However, BM-MSC donor characteristics and their potential are not usually considered. Therefore, the present work aims to evaluate the nephroprotective capacity of sEV secreted by BM-MSC from trained rats inunilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Methods: BM-MSC was characterized by their differentiation potential and immunophenotypic markers. The sEV were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot. Its miRNA cargo was examined by quantitative PCR analysis for miR-26a, 126a, and 296. Wistar rats were submitted to UUO procedure and concomitantly treated with sEV secreted by BM-MSC from the untrained andtrained rats. The kidney tissue from all groups was evaluated for fibrosis mediators (transforming growth factor beta1 and collagen), CD34-angiogenesis marker, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). Results: Treadmill training stimulated in BM-MSC the production of sEV loaded with pro-angiogenic miR-296. The treatment with this sEVin UUO-rats was able to attenuate collagen accumulation and increase CD34 and HIF-1α in the kidney tissue when compared to untrained ones. Tubular proximal cells under hypoxia and exposed to BM-MSC sEV demonstrate accumulation in HIF-1α and NFR-2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), possibly to mediate the response to hypoxia and oxidative stress, under these conditions. Conclusion: The BM-MSC sEV from trained animals presented an increased nephroprotective potential compared to untrained vesicles by carrying 296-angiomiR and contributing to angiogenesis in UUO model.(AU)

Central nervous system infiltration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a dog

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant neoplasia in which there is proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, blood, and extramedullary sites. This disorder has a fast and progressive development; in dogs, cases of infiltration of ALL cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are uncommon and rare. Diagnosis can be achieved with the help of the clinical history and physical, radiographic, hematological, myelographic, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests in patients with or without neurological clinical signs. The present report aims to describe a case of ALL and the presence of lymphoblasts in the CSF of a dog with neurological clinical signs. Case: An 8-year-old Lhasa Apso dog was examined at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba campus. At the physical examination, the animal exhibited apathy and paralysis of pelvic limbs, which progressed to tetraplegia. Abdominal palpation revealed presence of hepatosplenomegaly and absence of lymphadenomegaly. No alterations were observed in radiographs of the cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine. A complete blood count revealed presence of non-regenerative anemia (hematocrit = 22%), extreme lymphocytosis (185,229 cells/µL), lymphoblasts at a level of 72% (133,364 cells/µL), and thrombocytopenia (66,000 platelets/µL). The biochemical tests revealed increased alkaline phosphatase (859 IU/L). The levels of alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, and globulin were normal. The diagnosis of ALL was achieved with the help of a myelogram. The myelogram findings included 39% of mature lymphocytes and 59% of lymphoblasts exhibiting large size, spherical shape, poorly delimited borders, with a high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, marked cytoplasmic basophilia, and 2 to 3 evident nucleoli; metarubricytes (1%) and promyelocytes (0.6%) were also observed. The CSF contained an increased number of nucleated cells (27 cells/µL) comprising lymphocytes (43%), macrophages (33%), and segmented neutrophils (24%). Of the 11.6 lymphocytes per µL of CSF, 8.1 were lymphoblasts, which indicates infiltration of ALL cells in the CNS. The animal died one day after collection of bone barrow and CSF. Discussion: Relevant alterations observed in this case included the neurological signs caused by the infiltration of neoplastic cells in the CNS, severe leukocytosis and lymphocytosis, with large amounts of lymphoblasts in the blood and predominance of lymphoblasts in the bone marrow, which are alterations typically found in ALL. The animal also exhibited non-regenerative anemia and thrombocytopenia, which were secondary to infiltration of leukemic cells in the bone marrow. The CSF exhibited pleocytosis (27 cells/ µL), and 30% of the cells observed were lymphoblasts. Lymphoblast infiltration in the CNS of leukemic dogs is rare, and other studies have reported absence of neurological signs or neurological signs different from those observed in the present study. CSF analysis in indicated in cases of leukemia to assess leukemic cell infiltration in the CNS. In the case reported here, the plasma level of alkaline phosphatase was increased (859 IU/L) as a consequence of hepatomegaly and hepatic cholestasis. ALL is a very aggressive, proliferative neoplasia, and the resulting lymphoblasts infiltrated the CNS of the animal. In cases of ALL, performing complete blood count, myelogram, and CSF analysis is indicated whether the patients exhibit neurological signs or not.(AU)

BM-MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) from trained animals presented nephroprotective potential in unilateralureteral obstruction model

Abstract Background: The efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) and its extracellular vesicles has been demonstrated for a broad spectrum of indications, including kidney diseases. However, BM-MSC donor characteristics and their potential are not usually considered. Therefore, the present work aims to evaluate the nephroprotective capacity of sEV secreted by BM-MSC from trained rats inunilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Methods: BM-MSC was characterized by their differentiation potential and immunophenotypic markers. The sEV were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot. Its miRNA cargo was examined by quantitative PCR analysis for miR-26a, 126a, and 296. Wistar rats were submitted to UUO procedure and concomitantly treated with sEV secreted by BM-MSC from the untrained andtrained rats. The kidney tissue from all groups was evaluated for fibrosis mediators (transforming growth factor beta1 and collagen), CD34-angiogenesis marker, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1). Results: Treadmill training stimulated in BM-MSC the production of sEV loaded with pro-angiogenic miR-296. The treatment with this sEVin UUO-rats was able to attenuate collagen accumulation and increase CD34 and HIF-1 in the kidney tissue when compared to untrained ones. Tubular proximal cells under hypoxia and exposed to BM-MSC sEV demonstrate accumulation in HIF-1 and NFR-2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), possibly to mediate the response to hypoxia and oxidative stress, under these conditions. Conclusion: The BM-MSC sEV from trained animals presented an increased nephroprotective potential compared to untrained vesicles by carrying 296-angiomiR and contributing to angiogenesis in UUO model.

Decrease of the DXR-induced genotoxicity and nongenotoxic effects of Theobroma cacao revealed by micronucleus assay / Diminuição da genotoxicidade induzida por DXR e efeitos não genotóxicos de Theobroma cacao revelados pelo ensaio de micronúcleo

This study evaluated the genotoxicity of lyophilized glycolic extract of Theobroma cacao Linné seeds (TCL), using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow of mice. The interaction between TCL and doxorubicin (DXR) was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24-48 h after treatment with N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU: 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (145 mM), TCL (0.5-2 g/kg), and TCL (2 g/kg) in combination with DXR (antigenotoxic assays). Analysis of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) showed no significant differences between all the treatment doses of TCL and NaCl control. Mice experimentally treated with DXR and NEU significantly induced MNPCEs. However, a significant reduction of MNPCEs was also observed when TCL was administered in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent DXR. The analysis of the PCE/NCE ratio revealed no significant differences between the NaCl control, all doses of TCL, and DXR. However, there were significant differences in the PCE/NCE ratio between positive NEU control and all other treatments. The PCE/NCE ratio observed after treatment with TCL and DXR showed significant differences and intermediate values to controls (NaCl and NEU). This study suggests absence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of TCL, regardless of dose, sex, and time. TCL reduced genotoxic effects induced by DXR, suggesting potential antigenotoxic effects.

Este estudo avaliou a genotoxicidade do extrato glicólico liofilizado de sementes de Theobroma cacao Linné (TCL), usando o ensaio do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. A interação entre TCL e doxorrubicina (DXR) foi também analisada. Grupos experimentais foram avaliados 24-48 h após tratamento com N-Nitroso-N-etilureia (NEU: 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (145 mM), TCL (0,5-2 g/kg), e TCL (2 g/kg) em combinação com DXR (ensaio antigenotóxico). As análises de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (EPCMNs) não mostraram diferenças significantes entre todas as doses de tratamento do TCL e o controle NaCl. Camundongos experimentalmente tratados com DXR e NEU induziram significativamente EPCMNs. Contudo, uma redução significante de EPCMNs foi também observada quando TCL foi administrada em combinação com o agente quimioterapêutico DXR. As análises da relação EPC/ENC (eritrócito policromático/eritrócito normocromático) revelaram ausência de diferenças significantes entre o controle NaCl, todas as doses de TCL e DXR. Contudo, houve diferenças significantes na relação EPC/ENC entre o controle positivo NEU e todos os outros tratamento. A relação ECP/ENC observada após o tratamento com TCL e DXR mostrou diferenças significantes e valores intermediários aos controles (NaCl e NEU). Este estudo sugere ausência de genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade de TCL, independentemente da dose, sexo e tempo. TCL reduziu os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos por DXR, sugerindo potencial efeitos antigenotóxicos.

Decrease of the DXR-induced genotoxicity and nongenotoxic effects of Theobroma cacao revealed by micronucleus assay / Diminuição da genotoxicidade induzida por DXR e efeitos não genotóxicos de Theobroma cacao revelados pelo ensaio de micronúcleo

This study evaluated the genotoxicity of lyophilized glycolic extract of Theobroma cacao Linné seeds (TCL), using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow of mice. The interaction between TCL and doxorubicin (DXR) was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24-48 h after treatment with N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU: 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (145 mM), TCL (0.5-2 g/kg), and TCL (2 g/kg) in combination with DXR (antigenotoxic assays). Analysis of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) showed no significant differences between all the treatment doses of TCL and NaCl control. Mice experimentally treated with DXR and NEU significantly induced MNPCEs. However, a significant reduction of MNPCEs was also observed when TCL was administered in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent DXR. The analysis of the PCE/NCE ratio revealed no significant differences between the NaCl control, all doses of TCL, and DXR. However, there were significant differences in the PCE/NCE ratio between positive NEU control and all other treatments. The PCE/NCE ratio observed after treatment with TCL and DXR showed significant differences and intermediate values to controls (NaCl and NEU). This study suggests absence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of TCL, regardless of dose, sex, and time. TCL reduced genotoxic effects induced by DXR, suggesting potential antigenotoxic effects.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou a genotoxicidade do extrato glicólico liofilizado de sementes de Theobroma cacao Linné (TCL), usando o ensaio do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. A interação entre TCL e doxorrubicina (DXR) foi também analisada. Grupos experimentais foram avaliados 24-48 h após tratamento com N-Nitroso-N-etilureia (NEU: 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (145 mM), TCL (0,5-2 g/kg), e TCL (2 g/kg) em combinação com DXR (ensaio antigenotóxico). As análises de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (EPCMNs) não mostraram diferenças significantes entre todas as doses de tratamento do TCL e o controle NaCl. Camundongos experimentalmente tratados com DXR e NEU induziram significativamente EPCMNs. Contudo, uma redução significante de EPCMNs foi também observada quando TCL foi administrada em combinação com o agente quimioterapêutico DXR. As análises da relação EPC/ENC (eritrócito policromático/eritrócito normocromático) revelaram ausência de diferenças significantes entre o controle NaCl, todas as doses de TCL e DXR. Contudo, houve diferenças significantes na relação EPC/ENC entre o controle positivo NEU e todos os outros tratamento. A relação ECP/ENC observada após o tratamento com TCL e DXR mostrou diferenças significantes e valores intermediários aos controles (NaCl e NEU). Este estudo sugere ausência de genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade de TCL, independentemente da dose, sexo e tempo. TCL reduziu os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos por DXR, sugerindo potencial efeitos antigenotóxicos.(AU)

Aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e tratamento da leucemia mieloide crônica em cão: relato de caso / Clinical aspects, hematological changes and treatments of chronic myeloid leukemia in dog: case report

O objetivo deste relato é apresentar o caso clínico de uma cadela, sem raça definida, com cinco anos de idade, diagnosticada com leucemia mieloide crônica (LMC). As leucemias são neoplasias malignas que se originam de células precursoras da medula óssea e as consequências podem ser trombocitopenia, anemia, leucocitose persistente e presença de células neoplásicas no sangue. O tratamento de escolha envolve o uso de inibidores de tirosina quinase, porém este não pode ser usado neste caso. Dessa forma a cadela recebeu diferentes protocolos quimioterápicos que incluíram inicialmente hidroxiureia, citarabina, doxorrubicina e prednisona. Devido a remissão parcial dos sinais clínicos e a resposta terapêutica pouco duradoura a essas medicações o protocolo foi alterado para quimioterapia metronômica com clorambucil. O uso desses quimioterápicos não foram eficazes em reduzir a leucocitose e controlar a anemia e trombocitopenia da paciente, devido a ocorrência do surgimento de células imaturas no sangue e resistência aos quimioterápicos. Na ausência da crise e da possibilidade do uso dos inibidores de tirosina quinase, a hidroxiureia permanece sendo o quimioterápico de eleição. O animal apresentou sobrevida de 210 dias, devido a leucocitose e anemia severas pouco responsivas ao protocolo terapêutico utilizado e o surgimento no hemograma de precursores neutrofilicos que ocorreu 46 dias após ao início do tratamento com hidroxiureia.

The aim of this report is to present the clinical case of a five-year-old mixed breed female dog diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Leukemias are malignant neoplasms that originate from bone marrow precursor cells and the consequences can be thrombocytopenia, anemia, persistent leukocytosis and the presence of neoplastic cells in the blood. The treatment of choice involves the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but it cannot be used in this case. Thus, the dog received different chemotherapy protocols that initially included hydroxyurea, cytarabine, doxorubicin and prednisone. Due to the partial remission of clinical signs and the short-term therapeutic response to these medications, the protocol was changed to metronomic chemotherapy with chlorambucil. The use of these chemotherapeutic agents was not effective in reducing leukocytosis and controlling the patient's anemia and thrombocytopenia, due to the occurrence of immature cells in the blood and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. In the absence of the crisis and the possibility of using tyrosine kinase inhibitors, hydroxyurea remains the chemotherapy of choice. The animal had a 210-day survival, due to severe leukocytosis and anemia, which were not responsive to the therapeutic protocol used and the appearance in the blood count of neutrophilic precursors that occurred 46 days after the beginning of hydroxyurea treatment.

Mieloma múltiplo em felino / Multiple myeloma in a feline

Background: Multiple myelomas (MM) are malignant neoplasms originating in the bone marrow plasmacytes, and are characterized by the presence of persistent hyperglobulinemia. Although they are rarely found in domestic animals, the canine species is most affected. In felines, they represent less than 1% of hematopoietic neoplasms, and mainly occur in older animals aged 10-12 years. The aim of the present study was to report a case of multiple myeloma, with extramedullary plasmocytosis in a feline. Case: A 3-year-old feline, female, mixed breed, with a history of apathy, anorexia, halitosis, and vomiting was referred to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). Oral examination revealed a cyanotic oral mucosa and ulcerative lesions on the gingiva. The necropsy showed generalized lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, and hemorrhagic diathesis. Organ fragments were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. After 48 h, the samples were cleaved, embedded in paraffin, and stained using the routine hematoxylin and eosin technique. Selected sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the streptavidin-biotin method. The CD79a, CD138, CD3, and MUM1 antibodies were used. Histopathological evaluation of the bone marrow revealed hypercellularity with predominant round pleomorphic cells (90%), which presented an eccentric basophilic nucleus and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The same neoplastic cells infiltrated the gingival mucosa, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain. The IHC showed positive immunostaining for MUM1 and CD138 antibodies. Discussion: The diagnosis of MM in the present study was based on histopathology and by IHC. According to the literature, the presence of neoplastic plasmocytes in the bone marrow (>20%)...

Mieloma múltiplo em felino / Multiple myeloma in a feline

Background: Multiple myelomas (MM) are malignant neoplasms originating in the bone marrow plasmacytes, and are characterized by the presence of persistent hyperglobulinemia. Although they are rarely found in domestic animals, the canine species is most affected. In felines, they represent less than 1% of hematopoietic neoplasms, and mainly occur in older animals aged 10-12 years. The aim of the present study was to report a case of multiple myeloma, with extramedullary plasmocytosis in a feline. Case: A 3-year-old feline, female, mixed breed, with a history of apathy, anorexia, halitosis, and vomiting was referred to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). Oral examination revealed a cyanotic oral mucosa and ulcerative lesions on the gingiva. The necropsy showed generalized lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, and hemorrhagic diathesis. Organ fragments were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. After 48 h, the samples were cleaved, embedded in paraffin, and stained using the routine hematoxylin and eosin technique. Selected sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the streptavidin-biotin method. The CD79a, CD138, CD3, and MUM1 antibodies were used. Histopathological evaluation of the bone marrow revealed hypercellularity with predominant round pleomorphic cells (90%), which presented an eccentric basophilic nucleus and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The same neoplastic cells infiltrated the gingival mucosa, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain. The IHC showed positive immunostaining for MUM1 and CD138 antibodies. Discussion: The diagnosis of MM in the present study was based on histopathology and by IHC. According to the literature, the presence of neoplastic plasmocytes in the bone marrow (>20%)...(AU)

Aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e tratamento da leucemia mieloide crônica em cão relato de caso / Clinical aspects, hematological changes and treatments of chronic myeloid leukemia in dog: case report

O objetivo deste relato é apresentar o caso clínico de uma cadela, sem raça definida, com cinco anos de idade, diagnosticada com leucemia mieloide crônica (LMC). As leucemias são neoplasias malignas que se originam de células precursoras da medula óssea e as consequências podem ser trombocitopenia, anemia, leucocitose persistente e presença de células neoplásicas no sangue. O tratamento de escolha envolve o uso de inibidores de tirosina quinase, porém este não pode ser usado neste caso. Dessa forma a cadela recebeu diferentes protocolos quimioterápicos que incluíram inicialmente hidroxiureia, citarabina, doxorrubicina e prednisona. Devido a remissão parcial dos sinais clínicos e a resposta terapêutica pouco duradoura a essas medicações o protocolo foi alterado para quimioterapia metronômica com clorambucil. O uso desses quimioterápicos não foram eficazes em reduzir a leucocitose e controlar a anemia e trombocitopenia da paciente, devido a ocorrência do surgimento de células imaturas no sangue e resistência aos quimioterápicos. Na ausência da crise e da possibilidade do uso dos inibidores de tirosina quinase, a hidroxiureia permanece sendo o quimioterápico de eleição. O animal apresentou sobrevida de 210 dias, devido a leucocitose e anemia severas pouco responsivas ao protocolo terapêutico utilizado e o surgimento no hemograma de precursores neutrofilicos que ocorreu 46 dias(AU)

The aim of this report is to present the clinical case of a five-year-old mixed breed female dog diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Leukemias are malignant neoplasms that originate from bone marrow precursor cells and the consequences can be thrombocytopenia, anemia, persistent leukocytosis and the presence of neoplastic cells in the blood. The treatment of choice involves the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but it cannot be used in this case. Thus, the dog received different chemotherapy protocols that initially included hydroxyurea, cytarabine, doxorubicin and prednisone. Due to the partial remission of clinical signs and the short-term therapeutic response to these medications, the protocol was changed to metronomic chemotherapy with chlorambucil. The use of these chemotherapeutic agents was not effective in reducing leukocytosis and controlling the patients anemia and thrombocytopenia, due to the occurrence of immature cells in the blood and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. In the absence of the crisis and the possibility of using tyrosine kinase inhibitors, hydroxyurea remains the chemotherapy of choice. The animal had a 210-day survival, due to severe leukocytosis and anemia, which were not responsive to the therapeutic protocol used and the appearance in the blood count of neutrophilic precursors that occurred 46 days after the beginning of hydroxyurea treatment.(AU)

Aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e tratamento da leucemia mieloide crônica em cão relato de caso / Clinical aspects, hematological changes and treatments of chronic myeloid leukemia in dog: case report

O objetivo deste relato é apresentar o caso clínico de uma cadela, sem raça definida, com cinco anos de idade, diagnosticada com leucemia mieloide crônica (LMC). As leucemias são neoplasias malignas que se originam de células precursoras da medula óssea e as consequências podem ser trombocitopenia, anemia, leucocitose persistente e presença de células neoplásicas no sangue. O tratamento de escolha envolve o uso de inibidores de tirosina quinase, porém este não pode ser usado neste caso. Dessa forma a cadela recebeu diferentes protocolos quimioterápicos que incluíram inicialmente hidroxiureia, citarabina, doxorrubicina e prednisona. Devido a remissão parcial dos sinais clínicos e a resposta terapêutica pouco duradoura a essas medicações o protocolo foi alterado para quimioterapia metronômica com clorambucil. O uso desses quimioterápicos não foram eficazes em reduzir a leucocitose e controlar a anemia e trombocitopenia da paciente, devido a ocorrência do surgimento de células imaturas no sangue e resistência aos quimioterápicos. Na ausência da crise e da possibilidade do uso dos inibidores de tirosina quinase, a hidroxiureia permanece sendo o quimioterápico de eleição. O animal apresentou sobrevida de 210 dias, devido a leucocitose e anemia severas pouco responsivas ao protocolo terapêutico utilizado e o surgimento no hemograma de precursores neutrofilicos que ocorreu 46 dias

The aim of this report is to present the clinical case of a five-year-old mixed breed female dog diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Leukemias are malignant neoplasms that originate from bone marrow precursor cells and the consequences can be thrombocytopenia, anemia, persistent leukocytosis and the presence of neoplastic cells in the blood. The treatment of choice involves the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but it cannot be used in this case. Thus, the dog received different chemotherapy protocols that initially included hydroxyurea, cytarabine, doxorubicin and prednisone. Due to the partial remission of clinical signs and the short-term therapeutic response to these medications, the protocol was changed to metronomic chemotherapy with chlorambucil. The use of these chemotherapeutic agents was not effective in reducing leukocytosis and controlling the patient’s anemia and thrombocytopenia, due to the occurrence of immature cells in the blood and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. In the absence of the crisis and the possibility of using tyrosine kinase inhibitors, hydroxyurea remains the chemotherapy of choice. The animal had a 210-day survival, due to severe leukocytosis and anemia, which were not responsive to the therapeutic protocol used and the appearance in the blood count of neutrophilic precursors that occurred 46 days after the beginning of hydroxyurea treatment.

Estudo pioneiro para a determinação de padrões citohematológicos da medulá óssea de primatas Cebus apella / Pioneer study for determination of cytohematological standard os primate bone marrow Cebus apella

Objetivo. Sugerir parâmetros quantitativos para elementos medulares de Cebus apella. Material e Métodos. Foram estudados 06 animais, machos, com 2Kg e 5Kg, que passaram por contenção física e química para punção aspirativa de 1mL da medula óssea da tíbia de cada animal; confecção dos esfregaços; coloração hematológica e contagem de 500 células/lâmina (estudo duplo-cego). Resultados. Não houve diferença morfológica entre células hematopoiéticas de humanos e Cebus apella. A análise quantitativa mostrou série eritrocítica aumentada e séries granulocítica e linfomonoplasmocitica reduzidas em relação à humanos. Conclusão. Os resultados deste estudo pioneiro servem de apoio para futuras pesquisas com Cebus apella.(AU)

Objetive. Suggest quantitative parameters for Cebus apella medullary elements. Material and Methods. Six male animals were studied, with 2Kg and 5Kg, which underwent physical and chemical restraint for aspiration puncture of 1mL of the bone marrow of each animal's tibia; making smears; hematological staining and 500 cell / slide count (double-blind study). Results. There was no morphological difference between human hematopoietic cells and Cebus apella. Quantitative analysis showed an increased erythrocytic series and reduced granulocytic and lymphomonoplasmocytic series in relation to humans. Conclusion. The results of this pioneering study support future research with Cebus paella.(AU)

Estudo pioneiro para a determinação de padrões citohematológicos da medulá óssea de primatas Cebus apella / Pioneer study for determination of cytohematological standard os primate bone marrow Cebus apella

Objetivo. Sugerir parâmetros quantitativos para elementos medulares de Cebus apella. Material e Métodos. Foram estudados 06 animais, machos, com 2Kg e 5Kg, que passaram por contenção física e química para punção aspirativa de 1mL da medula óssea da tíbia de cada animal; confecção dos esfregaços; coloração hematológica e contagem de 500 células/lâmina (estudo duplo-cego). Resultados. Não houve diferença morfológica entre células hematopoiéticas de humanos e Cebus apella. A análise quantitativa mostrou série eritrocítica aumentada e séries granulocítica e linfomonoplasmocitica reduzidas em relação à humanos. Conclusão. Os resultados deste estudo pioneiro servem de apoio para futuras pesquisas com Cebus apella.

Objetive. Suggest quantitative parameters for Cebus apella medullary elements. Material and Methods. Six male animals were studied, with 2Kg and 5Kg, which underwent physical and chemical restraint for aspiration puncture of 1mL of the bone marrow of each animal's tibia; making smears; hematological staining and 500 cell / slide count (double-blind study). Results. There was no morphological difference between human hematopoietic cells and Cebus apella. Quantitative analysis showed an increased erythrocytic series and reduced granulocytic and lymphomonoplasmocytic series in relation to humans. Conclusion. The results of this pioneering study support future research with Cebus paella.

Use of bone marrow for detection of toxic chemicals for the elucidation of poisoning in forensic veterinary medicine / Uso de medula óssea para detecção de produtos químicos tóxicos para a elucidação de intoxicação em patologia veterinária forense

In forensic toxicology, the detection of toxic chemicals from human bone marrow is often used in cases with an extended post mortem interval; however, in veterinary medicine, this practice is not used. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the suitability of bone marrow for toxicological analysis in dogs and cats. Six animals with suspected poisoning were selected; the carcasses were sent for necropsy, and the organs were collected and preserved in buffered formalin and processed routinely for histological examination. In addition, bone marrow samples from the femur, humerus, and tibia were collected for toxicological analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). This analysis confirmed the presence of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, asulam, carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, thifensulfuron methyl and trifloxysulfuron-sodium and associated with clinical symptoms and anatomo-histopathological alterations it was recognized the poisonings. It is expected that this study will promote the toxicological investigation of bone marrow and open avenues for the use of this tissue as an option for the detection of toxic chemicals in cases of forensic pathology.(AU)

Na toxicologia forense, a detecção de substâncias químicas tóxicas provenientes da medula óssea humana é frequentemente usada em casos com intervalo post mortem prolongado; no entanto, na medicina veterinária, essa prática não é utilizada. Portanto, este estudo foi realizado para investigar a utilização da medula óssea nas análises toxicológicas em cães e gatos. Seis animais com suspeita de intoxicação foram selecionados; as carcaças foram enviadas para necropsia e os órgãos foram coletados e preservados em formalina tamponada e processados rotineiramente para exame histológico. Amostras de medula óssea de fêmur, úmero e tíbia foram coletadas para análise toxicológica por cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massa-massa (LC-MS). A análise por LC-MS confirmou a presença dos agrotóxicos aldicarbe, aldicarbe sulfona, asulam, carbendazim, clorpirifós, diclorvós, tifensulfuron metil e trifloxisulfuron-sódico, e em associação com sinais clínicos e achados anatomo-histopatológicos comprovou-se as intoxicações. Espera-se que este estudo promova a utilização da medula óssea como uma opção na investigação toxicológica para a detecção de produtos químicos tóxicos em casos de patologia forense.(AU)

Decrease of the DXR-induced genotoxicity and nongenotoxic effects of Theobroma cacao revealed by micronucleus assay

Abstract This study evaluated the genotoxicity of lyophilized glycolic extract of Theobroma cacao Linné seeds (TCL), using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow of mice. The interaction between TCL and doxorubicin (DXR) was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24-48 h after treatment with N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU: 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (145 mM), TCL (0.5-2 g/kg), and TCL (2 g/kg) in combination with DXR (antigenotoxic assays). Analysis of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) showed no significant differences between all the treatment doses of TCL and NaCl control. Mice experimentally treated with DXR and NEU significantly induced MNPCEs. However, a significant reduction of MNPCEs was also observed when TCL was administered in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent DXR. The analysis of the PCE/NCE ratio revealed no significant differences between the NaCl control, all doses of TCL, and DXR. However, there were significant differences in the PCE/NCE ratio between positive NEU control and all other treatments. The PCE/NCE ratio observed after treatment with TCL and DXR showed significant differences and intermediate values to controls (NaCl and NEU). This study suggests absence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of TCL, regardless of dose, sex, and time. TCL reduced genotoxic effects induced by DXR, suggesting potential antigenotoxic effects.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a genotoxicidade do extrato glicólico liofilizado de sementes de Theobroma cacao Linné (TCL), usando o ensaio do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. A interação entre TCL e doxorrubicina (DXR) foi também analisada. Grupos experimentais foram avaliados 24-48 h após tratamento com N-Nitroso-N-etilureia (NEU: 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (145 mM), TCL (0,5-2 g/kg), e TCL (2 g/kg) em combinação com DXR (ensaio antigenotóxico). As análises de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (EPCMNs) não mostraram diferenças significantes entre todas as doses de tratamento do TCL e o controle NaCl. Camundongos experimentalmente tratados com DXR e NEU induziram significativamente EPCMNs. Contudo, uma redução significante de EPCMNs foi também observada quando TCL foi administrada em combinação com o agente quimioterapêutico DXR. As análises da relação EPC/ENC (eritrócito policromático/eritrócito normocromático) revelaram ausência de diferenças significantes entre o controle NaCl, todas as doses de TCL e DXR. Contudo, houve diferenças significantes na relação EPC/ENC entre o controle positivo NEU e todos os outros tratamento. A relação ECP/ENC observada após o tratamento com TCL e DXR mostrou diferenças significantes e valores intermediários aos controles (NaCl e NEU). Este estudo sugere ausência de genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade de TCL, independentemente da dose, sexo e tempo. TCL reduziu os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos por DXR, sugerindo potencial efeitos antigenotóxicos.

Use of bone marrow for detection of toxic chemicals for the elucidation of poisoning in forensic veterinary medicine / Uso de medula óssea para detecção de produtos químicos tóxicos para a elucidação de intoxicação em patologia veterinária forense

In forensic toxicology, the detection of toxic chemicals from human bone marrow is often used in cases with an extended post mortem interval; however, in veterinary medicine, this practice is not used. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the suitability of bone marrow for toxicological analysis in dogs and cats. Six animals with suspected poisoning were selected; the carcasses were sent for necropsy, and the organs were collected and preserved in buffered formalin and processed routinely for histological examination. In addition, bone marrow samples from the femur, humerus, and tibia were collected for toxicological analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). This analysis confirmed the presence of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, asulam, carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, thifensulfuron methyl and trifloxysulfuron-sodium and associated with clinical symptoms and anatomo-histopathological alterations it was recognized the poisonings. It is expected that this study will promote the toxicological investigation of bone marrow and open avenues for the use of this tissue as an option for the detection of toxic chemicals in cases of forensic pathology.(AU)

Na toxicologia forense, a detecção de substâncias químicas tóxicas provenientes da medula óssea humana é frequentemente usada em casos com intervalo post mortem prolongado; no entanto, na medicina veterinária, essa prática não é utilizada. Portanto, este estudo foi realizado para investigar a utilização da medula óssea nas análises toxicológicas em cães e gatos. Seis animais com suspeita de intoxicação foram selecionados; as carcaças foram enviadas para necropsia e os órgãos foram coletados e preservados em formalina tamponada e processados rotineiramente para exame histológico. Amostras de medula óssea de fêmur, úmero e tíbia foram coletadas para análise toxicológica por cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massa-massa (LC-MS). A análise por LC-MS confirmou a presença dos agrotóxicos aldicarbe, aldicarbe sulfona, asulam, carbendazim, clorpirifós, diclorvós, tifensulfuron metil e trifloxisulfuron-sódico, e em associação com sinais clínicos e achados anatomo-histopatológicos comprovou-se as intoxicações. Espera-se que este estudo promova a utilização da medula óssea como uma opção na investigação toxicológica para a detecção de produtos químicos tóxicos em casos de patologia forense.(AU)

Linfoma leucemizado em felino coinfectado com os vírus da imunodeficiência felina e da leucemia felina: relato de caso / Lymphoma in leukemic phase in feline coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: case report

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo relatar um caso de linfoma leucemizado em um felino coinfectado com os vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e o da leucemia felina (FeLV). Foram realizados exames de hemograma, contagem de reticulócitos, mielograma, bioquímica, teste de imunocromatografia para FIV e FeLV, imunofluorescência indireta (IFA) para FeLV, radiografia torácica e citologia renal. Esse último exame revelou um linfoma extranodal. Foi determinante para a conclusão diagnóstica a associação dos sinais clínicos corroborados com a infiltração de elevada quantidade de células linfoblásticas na medula óssea, exibindo critérios citomorfológicos de malignidade, como mitoses atípicas, relacionadas à presença de corpúsculos linfoglandulares e material hematopoiético inter-relacionado. O linfoma é uma neoplasia relativamente comum em felinos, entretanto, a apresentação leucemizada é rara, podendo representar um desafio diagnóstico clínico, o que torna fundamental a inclusão da citologia medular na prática clínica dessa espécie.(AU)

The present study aimed to report a case of lymphoma in leukemic phase in feline coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Blood counts, reticulocyte counts, bone marrow avaluation, biochemistry, immunochromatography assay for FIV and FeLV, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) for FeLV, thoracic radiography and renal citology were performed. This last examination revealed extranodal lymphoma. The association of the clinical signs with the infiltration of a high number of lymphoblastic cells in the bone marrow with cytomorphological criteria of malignancy, atypical mitoses, lymphoglandular corpuscles and hematopoietic material were determinant for the diagnostic conclusion. Lymphoma is a relatively common neoplasm in felines, however the leukemic phase is rare and may represent a clinical diagnostic challenge, making it essential to include bone marrow cytology in the clinical practice of this species.(AU)

Linfoma leucemizado em felino coinfectado com os vírus da imunodeficiência felina e da leucemia felina: relato de caso / Lymphoma in leukemic phase in feline coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: case report

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo relatar um caso de linfoma leucemizado em um felino coinfectado com os vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e o da leucemia felina (FeLV). Foram realizados exames de hemograma, contagem de reticulócitos, mielograma, bioquímica, teste de imunocromatografia para FIV e FeLV, imunofluorescência indireta (IFA) para FeLV, radiografia torácica e citologia renal. Esse último exame revelou um linfoma extranodal. Foi determinante para a conclusão diagnóstica a associação dos sinais clínicos corroborados com a infiltração de elevada quantidade de células linfoblásticas na medula óssea, exibindo critérios citomorfológicos de malignidade, como mitoses atípicas, relacionadas à presença de corpúsculos linfoglandulares e material hematopoiético inter-relacionado. O linfoma é uma neoplasia relativamente comum em felinos, entretanto, a apresentação leucemizada é rara, podendo representar um desafio diagnóstico clínico, o que torna fundamental a inclusão da citologia medular na prática clínica dessa espécie.(AU)

The present study aimed to report a case of lymphoma in leukemic phase in feline coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Blood counts, reticulocyte counts, bone marrow avaluation, biochemistry, immunochromatography assay for FIV and FeLV, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) for FeLV, thoracic radiography and renal citology were performed. This last examination revealed extranodal lymphoma. The association of the clinical signs with the infiltration of a high number of lymphoblastic cells in the bone marrow with cytomorphological criteria of malignancy, atypical mitoses, lymphoglandular corpuscles and hematopoietic material were determinant for the diagnostic conclusion. Lymphoma is a relatively common neoplasm in felines, however the leukemic phase is rare and may represent a clinical diagnostic challenge, making it essential to include bone marrow cytology in the clinical practice of this species.(AU)