Hérnia diafragmática peritôniopericárdica congênita em uma gata / Congenital peritoniopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a female kitten

Background: Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare pathogenesis of congenital origin, which occurs due to a failure in the communication between the diaphragm and the pericardium during embryogenesis. Symptoms may be non-existent or non-specific, depending on the herniated organ involved and, in most cases, the diagnosis is incidental. Regarding the most indicated treatment, there are still divergences in the literature concerning the indication of conservative or surgical treatment. This study reports the case of a feline peritoneopericardial hernia, for which surgical correction was the treatment of choice. Case: A 3-month-old female kitten, no defined racial pattern, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco for treatment of a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia. This condition was diagnosed through radiographic examination after the patient having been submitted to pediatric castration and presented anesthetic complications in the transsurgery. Blood count, biochemical profile and Doppler echocardiogram were performed, which showed no significant changes. To obtain a better study and surgical planning, computed tomography was performed to observe the heart located cranially in the pericardial cavity. Caudally to the heart, hepatic parenchyma located in the pericardial cavity was observed; and hepatic vessels presenting slightly enlarged dimensions. These tomographic findings suggested peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia; being the liver present in the pericardial cavity and signs of congestion in the hepatic parenchyma. Due to the likelihood of future worsening of the hernia, surgical correction was performed, with an abdominal midline incision in the preumbilical region to reposition the liver to its normal anatomy, followed by diaphragm reconstitution through a herniorrhaphy. After the surgical procedure, the patient was referred for observation in internment and, after 15 days, the skin sutures were removed. Complete correction of the hernial defect was observed on radiography performed 30 days after the surgical procedure. However, the examination showed the presence of deviation/ deformity in the topography of the sternum and costal cartilages, with slight cardiac displacement to the right hemithorax, suggesting the presence of pectus excavatum. Discussion: Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is considered rare and, despite being one of the most common causes of congenital pericardial anomaly in felines, it has a low prevalence ranging from 0.06% to 1.45%. They are usually diagnosed from two years of age, with prevalence for older animals. However, due to having presented anesthetic changes, the patient of this case report could be diagnosed early. Among the most common organs that migrate to the thoracic cavity, the liver is the most commonly observed, which is also the hernia content of the present report. Peritoneopericardial hernia is often diagnosed through radiography and ultrasound, and these imaging tests proved to be sufficient for the diagnosis in this report. However, computed tomography was important for providing a better study of case and for the adoption of median celiotomy as a treatment. Associations with other malformations are described in the literature, with pectus excavatum being the most common and also observed in this report. Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare anomaly, rarely reported in the literature and with divergences regarding its treatment. The adoption of early surgical treatment performed in this report showed satisfactory evolution and the possibility of a favorable prognosis.

Monocephalus dipygus dibrachius em cadela Shih Tzu / Monocephalus dipygus dibrachius in a Shih Tzu bitch

Background: Congenital anomalies are structural, functional, or metabolic defects caused by a combination of environmental, genetic, or even iatrogenic factors. Genetic defects, which can be inherited, are more common in purebred dogs. Teratogenic factors such as radiation, toxins, chemical agents, infectious diseases, mechanical influences, drugs given to the mother, and nutrition can affect the litter during gestational development. The incomplete division of a fertilized egg results in monozygotic, conjoined or Siamese twins, which are animals with complete or incomplete duplications. This paper reports on an adult bitch with monocephalus dipygus dibrachius and the surgical procedures. Case: A 2-year-old female Shih Tzu weighing 5 kg was admitted to a veterinary clinic, presenting with swelling and myiasis near the anus and several development disorders, characterized by 2 pelvises, 2 anuses, 2 vulvas, 2 forelimbs and 6 hindlimbs. Her physiological parameters were otherwise normal. Only the dog's myiasis was treated at this time due to the owner's financial straits. After 5 months, the owner brought the bitch back to the veterinary clinic because the animal presented with fecaloma in 1 of the anuses. Radiography revealed numerous alterations: seven lumbar vertebrae with marked vertebral axis deviation, reduced disc space, as well as ankylosis and fused ventral spondylosis at L6 and L7. Two pelvises fused medially by the wings of the ileum, with slight deviation and thinning of pelvic bones. Four hip joints and medial joints with pelvic avulsion and bone remnants of the pelvic limbs. Acetabular tearing slightly flattened femoral head and thickened femoral neck. Caudal vertebrae and vertebral axis located in left pelvis. Left lateral patella inserted in the trochlear groove and lateral dislocation of right patella. Right patellofemoral joint with smooth surface, preserved intra-articular density and cranial displacement of the tibia relative to the femoral condyles (cranial cruciate ligament rupture). An ultrasound analysis revealed 2 bladders. Two months later surgery was performed due to recurrent complications. During laparotomy 2 uteruses, 2 bladders and bifurcation of the intestine were observed. Ovariosalpingohysterectomy was performed in both uterus and enterectomy of the problematic intestinal portion. After 2 days of the surgery, blood transfusion was performed. After 2 days of the transfusion, there was extravasation of yellow fluid from the surgical cut and abdominal palpation was indicative of bladder rupture, so the patient was sent to emergency surgery. Unilateral nephrectomy and ureterectomy, and ruptured bladder cystectomy were performed. The dog remained hospitalized for 24 days after surgery, before it was released. Discussion: The classification of conjoined twins is based on the location of the junction and the number of limbs. Monocephalus dipygus dibrachius was diagnosed based on the fact that the dog had 1 skull, 2 thoracic limbs and 4 pelvic limbs, as well as the corresponding genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract alterations. Imaging scans are extremely important for a proper diagnosis to ensure appropriate surgery planning. The bitch was the result of inbreeding between a male dog and its offspring, which probably contributed to this malformation. There are very few reports of surviving adult conjoined animals, and even fewer descriptions of successful surgical treatments. To the best of knowledge of the authors, there are no previous reports of a surviving adult dog suffering from this malformation.

Clitoridectomy and urethrostomy in a pseudohermaphrodite dog

Background: Hermaphroditism is a rare congenital disease that causes ambiguous sexual features. True hermaphroditeshave testicular and ovarian tissue, whereas pseudohermaphrodites have only one type of gonadal tissue and genitalia, butsecondary characteristics of the opposite sex. Pseudohermaphrodites are classified as male or female according to theirgonads. Treatment of pseudohermaphroditism consists of surgical removal of the gonads including reconstruction of abnormal genitalia, especially if the urethra is involved. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe a case of a malepseudohermaphrodite in a dog treated with clitoridectomy with urethrostomy.Case: A 7-month-old, mixed-breed dog was referred due to the presence of a flaccid structure similar to a small penis,containing an os clitoris, bulbourethral glands, and urethra protruding from the vulva. Physical examination, completeblood count and serum biochemistry were within normal ranges. Hormonal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone were 56.39 pg/mL, 127.9 ng/mL, and 0.892 ng/mL, respectively. The abdominal ultrasound and posteriorly theexploratory celiotomy found a normal size prostate and two round organs resembling testicles connected to a uterus-liketubular structure. The patient underwent surgical abdominal exploration that confirmed the ultrasonographic findings andled to gonadohysterectomy. Also, clitoridectomy and urethrostomy were performed to excise the protruded structure andmaintain normal urethral patency. The histopathological examination of the clitoris and penis confirmed it was a malegenital organ, however, the abdominal structures were compatible with the testicles, epididymis, uterus, and even a broadligament. These organs are normally found in cases of male pseudohermaphroditism. The...

Clitoridectomy and urethrostomy in a pseudohermaphrodite dog

Background: Hermaphroditism is a rare congenital disease that causes ambiguous sexual features. True hermaphroditeshave testicular and ovarian tissue, whereas pseudohermaphrodites have only one type of gonadal tissue and genitalia, butsecondary characteristics of the opposite sex. Pseudohermaphrodites are classified as male or female according to theirgonads. Treatment of pseudohermaphroditism consists of surgical removal of the gonads including reconstruction of abnormal genitalia, especially if the urethra is involved. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe a case of a malepseudohermaphrodite in a dog treated with clitoridectomy with urethrostomy.Case: A 7-month-old, mixed-breed dog was referred due to the presence of a flaccid structure similar to a small penis,containing an os clitoris, bulbourethral glands, and urethra protruding from the vulva. Physical examination, completeblood count and serum biochemistry were within normal ranges. Hormonal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone were 56.39 pg/mL, 127.9 ng/mL, and 0.892 ng/mL, respectively. The abdominal ultrasound and posteriorly theexploratory celiotomy found a normal size prostate and two round organs resembling testicles connected to a uterus-liketubular structure. The patient underwent surgical abdominal exploration that confirmed the ultrasonographic findings andled to gonadohysterectomy. Also, clitoridectomy and urethrostomy were performed to excise the protruded structure andmaintain normal urethral patency. The histopathological examination of the clitoris and penis confirmed it was a malegenital organ, however, the abdominal structures were compatible with the testicles, epididymis, uterus, and even a broadligament. These organs are normally found in cases of male pseudohermaphroditism. The...(AU)

Clinical and anatomopathological descriptions of dog with arterious Hemitruncus: case report / [Descrições clínicas e anatomopatológicas de cão com hemitruncus arterioso: relato de caso

The anomalous origin of the pulmonary trunk in the ascending aorta, defined as arterious hemitruncus, is a rare congenital malformation in dogs, caused by a defect in the spiral septum. Thus, given the unusual occurrence in the canine species, the systemic severity and the high lethality, the aim of this study was to describe this heart disease in a three-month-old male German Spitz puppy, emphasizing clinical changes of the necropsy and microscopics. The animal had cyanosis, dyspnea and weakness and was forwarded for necropsy after sudden death. Numerous changes were detected in the post-mortem examination, including in the heart, as cardiomegaly and absence of the arterial ligament, which was replaced by the complete fusion between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk, after leaving both the left and right ventricles, respectively and, among the microscopic findings, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy stood out. The association of these findings with the history indicated the diagnosis of arterious hemitruncus followed by cardiorespiratory failure, emphasizing the importance of out complementary cardiological exams in young symptomatic patients for the survival of those affected. Arterious hemitruncus, although rare, must be added in the differential diagnosis of other heart diseases that cause similar clinical signs.(AU)

A origem anômala do tronco pulmonar em aorta ascendente, definida como hemitruncus arterioso, é uma malformação congênita rara em cães, causada por defeito no septo espiral. Assim, diante da ocorrência incomum na espécie canina, da gravidade sistêmica e da alta letalidade, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever essa doença cardíaca em um filhote de três meses de idade, macho, Spitz Alemão, enfatizando as alterações clínicas, de necropsia e microscópicas. O animal apresentava cianose, dispneia e fraqueza e foi encaminhado para necropsia após morte súbita. Inúmeras alterações foram detectadas no exame post-mortem, inclusive no coração, como cardiomegalia e ausência do ligamento arterioso, o qual foi substituído pela fusão completa entre aorta ascendente e tronco pulmonar, após a saída de ambas dos ventrículos esquerdo e direito, respectivamente, e, dentre os achados microscópicos, destacou-se a hipertrofia de cardiomiócitos. A associação desses achados com o histórico indicou o diagnóstico de hemitruncus arterioso seguido de insuficiência cardiorrespiratória, ressaltando-se a importância de exames complementares cardiológicos em pacientes jovens sintomáticos na sobrevida dos acometidos. O hemitruncus arterioso, apesar de raro, deve ser acrescido no diagnóstico diferencial de outras cardiopatias que causam sinais clínicos similares.(AU)

Agenesia ovariana unilateral em gata - relato de caso / Unilateral ovarian agenesis in cat: case report / Agenesia ovárica unilateral en gata - relato de caso

Anomalias reprodutivas em fêmeas domésticas são de rara ocorrência e caracterizam-se na grande maioria dos casos pela ausência de sintomatologia clínica que possa ser percebida pelos proprietários, dessa maneira o diagnóstico ocorre muitas vezes de forma incidental durante OSH, necropsia ou celiotomia exploratória. Este artigo descreve o achado incidental de agenesia ovariana unilateral direita em gata SRD submetida a OSH em programa de castração solidária. Na ocasião, não foram realizados exames complementares pré-cirúrgicos, estando a avaliação do animal restrita apenas a exame físico geral e palpação abdominal. A abordagem foi realizada por meio de acesso mediano ventral. Após a exposição do corno uterino esquerdo foi constatada inexistência do ovário esquerdo, que foi confirmada mediante palpação cranial do complexo arteriovenoso ovariano (CAVO) até a superfície renal. Não houve dificuldades na realização das manobras de hemostasia, no entanto, a ausência de exames de imagem pode aumentar o risco cirúrgico, sobretudo para profissionais ou estudantes inexperientes. Apesar de ser uma condição de simples resolução cirúrgica, deve-se evitar demasiada e brusca tração do CAVO devido ao risco de complicações decorrentes de sua ruptura.

Reproductive anomalies in domestic cats are uncommonand in most cases, they are characterized by the absence of clinical symptoms that can be perceived by the owners, this way the diagnosis often occurs incidentally during OSH, necropsy or exploratory celiotomy. This article describes the incidental finding of right unilateral ovarian agenesis in a female cat submitted to OSH in a solidarity castration program. At the time, no pre-surgical complementary exams were performed, the evaluation of the animal is restricted to general physical examination and abdominal palpation. The approach was performed through the ventral median approach. After exposure of the left uterine horn there was no left ovary, confirmed by cranial palpation of the ovarian arteriovenous complex (OAVC) to the surface kidney. No difficulties were found in performing hemostasis maneuvers, however, the absence of imaging may increase the surgical risk, especially for inexperienced professionals or students. Despite being a condition of simple surgical resolution, excessive and sudden traction should be avoided OAVC due to the risk of complications arising from its rupture.

Las anomalías reproductivas en las hembras domésticas son de rara ocurrencia y se caracterizan en la gran mayoría de los casos por la ausencia de sintomatología clínica que pueden ser percibidas por los propietarios, así como la forma de descubrir muchas veces de forma incidental durante la OSH, necropsia o celiotomía exploratoria. Este artículo describe el trabajo incidental de agenesia ovárica unilateral en una gata SRD sometido a OSH en programa de castración solidaria. En la ocasión, se mantuvieron las pruebas pre quirúrgicas, con la evaluación del animal restringido sólo un examen físico general y palpación abdominal. El abordaje fue realizado por medio de acceso mediano ventral. Después de la exposición del cuerno uterino continental inexistente inexplicablemente, lo que es confirmado por invasión craneal del complejo arteriovenoso ovariano (CAVO) hasta una superficie renal. El intento de intentar aumentar la capacidad de hemostasia, sin embargo, la ausencia de exámenes de imagen puede aumentar el riesgo quirúrgico, sobre todo para los individuos o para los inexpertos. A pesar de ser una condición de simple resolución, es necesario que la tracción del CAVOS ocurra debido al riesgo de complicaciones resultantes de su ruptura.

Agenesia ovariana unilateral em gata - relato de caso / Unilateral ovarian agenesis in cat: case report / Agenesia ovárica unilateral en gata - relato de caso

Anomalias reprodutivas em fêmeas domésticas são de rara ocorrência e caracterizam-se na grande maioria dos casos pela ausência de sintomatologia clínica que possa ser percebida pelos proprietários, dessa maneira o diagnóstico ocorre muitas vezes de forma incidental durante OSH, necropsia ou celiotomia exploratória. Este artigo descreve o achado incidental de agenesia ovariana unilateral direita em gata SRD submetida a OSH em programa de castração solidária. Na ocasião, não foram realizados exames complementares pré-cirúrgicos, estando a avaliação do animal restrita apenas a exame físico geral e palpação abdominal. A abordagem foi realizada por meio de acesso mediano ventral. Após a exposição do corno uterino esquerdo foi constatada inexistência do ovário esquerdo, que foi confirmada mediante palpação cranial do complexo arteriovenoso ovariano (CAVO) até a superfície renal. Não houve dificuldades na realização das manobras de hemostasia, no entanto, a ausência de exames de imagem pode aumentar o risco cirúrgico, sobretudo para profissionais ou estudantes inexperientes. Apesar de ser uma condição de simples resolução cirúrgica, deve-se evitar demasiada e brusca tração do CAVO devido ao risco de complicações decorrentes de sua ruptura.(AU)

Reproductive anomalies in domestic cats are uncommonand in most cases, they are characterized by the absence of clinical symptoms that can be perceived by the owners, this way the diagnosis often occurs incidentally during OSH, necropsy or exploratory celiotomy. This article describes the incidental finding of right unilateral ovarian agenesis in a female cat submitted to OSH in a solidarity castration program. At the time, no pre-surgical complementary exams were performed, the evaluation of the animal is restricted to general physical examination and abdominal palpation. The approach was performed through the ventral median approach. After exposure of the left uterine horn there was no left ovary, confirmed by cranial palpation of the ovarian arteriovenous complex (OAVC) to the surface kidney. No difficulties were found in performing hemostasis maneuvers, however, the absence of imaging may increase the surgical risk, especially for inexperienced professionals or students. Despite being a condition of simple surgical resolution, excessive and sudden traction should be avoided OAVC due to the risk of complications arising from its rupture.(AU)

Las anomalías reproductivas en las hembras domésticas son de rara ocurrencia y se caracterizan en la gran mayoría de los casos por la ausencia de sintomatología clínica que pueden ser percibidas por los propietarios, así como la forma de descubrir muchas veces de forma incidental durante la OSH, necropsia o celiotomía exploratoria. Este artículo describe el trabajo incidental de agenesia ovárica unilateral en una gata SRD sometido a OSH en programa de castración solidaria. En la ocasión, se mantuvieron las pruebas pre quirúrgicas, con la evaluación del animal restringido sólo un examen físico general y palpación abdominal. El abordaje fue realizado por medio de acceso mediano ventral. Después de la exposición del cuerno uterino continental inexistente inexplicablemente, lo que es confirmado por invasión craneal del complejo arteriovenoso ovariano (CAVO) hasta una superficie renal. El intento de intentar aumentar la capacidad de hemostasia, sin embargo, la ausencia de exámenes de imagen puede aumentar el riesgo quirúrgico, sobre todo para los individuos o para los inexpertos. A pesar de ser una condición de simple resolución, es necesario que la tracción del CAVOS ocurra debido al riesgo de complicaciones resultantes de su ruptura.(AU)

Hermafroditismo verdadeiro na espécie canina / True hermaphroditism in a dog

Background: Hermaphroditism or intersex is a general term that includes various congenital anomalies of the genital system which is used to define animals with ambiguous sexual characteristics. It occurs in domestic animals, more commonly in pigs and goats, and rarely in horses, dogs, sheep, and cattle. The prevalence of hermaphroditism varies a lot among breeds and species and is higher in groups with a high degree of consanguinity. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe a case of canine hermaphroditism in a dog with male phenotype, as well as the anatomical and hormonal findings, and classification of the hermaphroditism exhibited by the animal studied. Case: A 1-year-old, mongrel, 5 kg dog was referred to the UHV-UECE due to the presence of a slit on the lower quadrant of the abdomen, caudal to the umbilical scar. At examination, the animal exhibited normal rectal temperature, no alterations of palpable lymph nodes, and a satisfactory body condition score. The pubic area had 2 testicles, each one in a different scrotum, 1 to the right and 1 to the left of the slit. A prepuce with no apparent function was present cranially to the slit, closer to the umbilical scar. At the other extremity of the slit, on the pubic region, there was a flaccid structure similar to a penis (micropenis) with no penile bone and no function. The slit was open until the area ventral to the anus, where the urethra was detected. The animal exhibited a behavior of territory demarcation with urine typically seen in male dogs. Orchiectomy and slit correction surgery were performed. Pre-surgical exams included: complete blood count and hormonal doses of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone. […]

Hermafroditismo verdadeiro na espécie canina / True hermaphroditism in a dog

Background: Hermaphroditism or intersex is a general term that includes various congenital anomalies of the genital system which is used to define animals with ambiguous sexual characteristics. It occurs in domestic animals, more commonly in pigs and goats, and rarely in horses, dogs, sheep, and cattle. The prevalence of hermaphroditism varies a lot among breeds and species and is higher in groups with a high degree of consanguinity. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe a case of canine hermaphroditism in a dog with male phenotype, as well as the anatomical and hormonal findings, and classification of the hermaphroditism exhibited by the animal studied. Case: A 1-year-old, mongrel, 5 kg dog was referred to the UHV-UECE due to the presence of a slit on the lower quadrant of the abdomen, caudal to the umbilical scar. At examination, the animal exhibited normal rectal temperature, no alterations of palpable lymph nodes, and a satisfactory body condition score. The pubic area had 2 testicles, each one in a different scrotum, 1 to the right and 1 to the left of the slit. A prepuce with no apparent function was present cranially to the slit, closer to the umbilical scar. At the other extremity of the slit, on the pubic region, there was a flaccid structure similar to a penis (micropenis) with no penile bone and no function. The slit was open until the area ventral to the anus, where the urethra was detected. The animal exhibited a behavior of territory demarcation with urine typically seen in male dogs. Orchiectomy and slit correction surgery were performed. Pre-surgical exams included: complete blood count and hormonal doses of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone. […](AU)

Hipoplasia renal em caprino relato de caso / Renal hypoplasia in goat case report

Os rins são órgãos filtradores do conteúdo sanguíneo, em caprinos possuem a forma de feijão e são importantes contribuintes para a manutenção da homeostasia. São órgãos retroperitoniais, então estão localizados fora da cavidade peritoneal, entretanto mais firmemente presos à parede abdominal pela fáscia, vasos e ao peritônio do que os outros órgãos. A hipoplasia é, na maioria dos casos, proveniente de algum fator congênito e caracteriza-se pelo desenvolvimento reduzido ou ausente de um ou ambos os rins, com redução de suas funções. (AU)

The kidneys are filtrating blood content organs that in goats have the form of beans and are important contributors to the maintenance of homeostasis. As retroperitoneal organs, are located outside the peritoneal cavity, though more firmly attached to the abdominal wall by fascia, vessels and peritoneum that other organs. Hypoplasiais, generally, from a congenital factor and is characterized by lower or absent development of one or both kidneys, reducing its functions. (AU)

Hipoplasia renal em caprino – relato de caso / Renal hypoplasia in goat – case report

Os rins são órgãos filtradores do conteúdo sanguíneo, em caprinos possuem a forma de feijão e são importantes contribuintes para a manutenção da homeostasia. São órgãos retroperitoniais, então estão localizados fora da cavidade peritoneal, entretanto mais firmemente presos à parede abdominal pela fáscia, vasos e ao peritônio do que os outros órgãos. A hipoplasia é, na maioria dos casos, proveniente de algum fator congênito e caracteriza-se pelo desenvolvimento reduzido ou ausente de um ou ambos os rins, com redução de suas funções.

The kidneys are filtrating blood content organs that in goats have the form of beans and are important contributors to the maintenance of homeostasis. As retroperitoneal organs, are located outside the peritoneal cavity, though more firmly attached to the abdominal wall by fascia, vessels and peritoneum that other organs. Hypoplasiais, generally, from a congenital factor and is characterized by lower or absent development of one or both kidneys, reducing its functions.

Diprosopia em bezerro: relato de caso / Diprosopus in calf: reported case

Abortos e mortes neonatais são causas importantes de perdas reprodutivas na bovinocultura e um dos grandes causadores dessas mortes são as anomalias congênitas. O diprosopo é uma anomalia congênita em que a região cefálica e as estruturas faciais apresentam-se em duplicidade, sem que haja separação das duas cabeças, e quase todos os casos apresentam um padrão monomórfico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever um caso de diprosopia encontrado no município de Piranga, Minas Gerais. A vacado presente relato, em seu quinto parto, apresentou distorcia e foi adequadamente submetido à cesariana, após isso, o bezerro natimorto apresentou junção craniofacial sem separação total das cabeças. Foi verificado, após um minucioso exame que o mesmo apresentava duas medulas espinhais.

Abortions and neonatal death are important causes of reproductive losses in cattle and amajor cause of these deathsis congenital anomalies. Diprosopus is a congenital anomaly in which the cephalic regionand facial structures present in duplicity, without separation of the two heads. Almost all cases present a monomorphic pattern. The aim of this work was to describe a case of diprosopus found in Pirangacity, Minas Gerais state.The cowof this present report, in his fifth pregnancy, showed dystocia and wasproperly submitted to caesarean section, after this, the stillborn calfs howedcraniofacial junction without complete separation of the headsand . It was found, after a thorough examination that it had two spinal cords.

Polidactilismo unilateral incomum em equino: relato de caso / Unusual unilateral polydactylism in a horse: a case report

A polidactilia é um defeito genético caracterizado pela duplicação parcial ou completa de um dígito. Estudos em humanos, bovinos, cães e gatos indicam que um gene autossômico dominante de penetração incompleta é o responsável por essa alteração. A polidactilia é rara em equinos e, nessa espécie, sua causa ainda não foi esclarecida. Entretanto, quando ocorre, está relacionada à má formação congênita da falange. Este trabalho descreve, por meio da observação de exames físico, radiográfico e ultrassonográfico, a ocorrência de polidactilia unilateral, com características incomuns, em um equino de nove anos de idade. O animal, com um histórico de claudicação intensa, apresentava, desde o nascimento, divisão completa do dígito do membro torácico direito, com simetria entre as duas porções distais. Ao exame radiográfico, identificou-se a presença de dois dígitos separados e de dimensões semelhantes, sendo esta uma manifestação incomum de polidactilia na espécie equina.(AU)

Polydactyly is a genetic disorder characterized by partial or complete duplication of a digit. Studies in humans, cattle, dogs and cats indicate that an autosomal dominant gene of incomplete penetrance is responsible for this change. Polydactyly is rare in horses and its cause remains unclear. However, when it occurs it is related to congenital malformation of the phalanx. This paper describes, through the observation of physical, radiographic and ultrasound finds, the occurrence of unilateral polydactyly, with unusual features in a nine year old horse. Since birth, the animal, which had a history of severe lameness, had complete division of the digit of the right forelimb, with symmetry between the two distal portions. The radiographic examination identified the presence of two separated digits with similar size, which is an unusual manifestation of polydactyly in the equine species.(AU)

Polidactilismo em muar: relato de caso / Polydactylism in a mule: case report / Polidactilismo en mular: informe de un caso

A polidactilia é uma anomalia congênita na formação dos membros loco motores, caracterizada pela duplicação parcial ou completa de um ou mais dígitos. Nos equinos a sua ocorrência é rara e a causa é desconhecida. O exame radiográfico é indispensável para o diagnóstico da Polidactilia, por proporcionar a avaliação precisa das estruturas ósseas envolvidas. O tratamento pode ser realizado através de procedimento cirúrgico com o intuito de se realizar a amputação do dígito extranumerário. Este relato descreve, por meio de observação de exames físico e radiográfico, a ocorrência de polidactilia unilateral, em uma mula de duas semanas de idade.O animal apresentava dificuldade de locomoção, possuindo dois dígitos completos, com deformidades, no membro torácico direito desde o nascimento.

Polydactyly is a congenitallimb anomaly characterized by partial or complete duplication of one or more digits. Its occurrence in horses is rare and the cause is unknown. Radiographic exam is essential for the diagnosis of polydactyly, by providing an accurate assessment of bone structures involved. The treatment may be achieved through surgical procedure in order to perform the supernumerary digit amputation. This report describes the occurrence of unilateral Polydactyly in a two weeks old mule. The filly had limited mobility, showing two complete digits with deformities in the right forelimb, identified at birth.

La polidactilia es una anomalía congénita en la formación de los miembros locomotores, se caracteriza por la duplicación parcial o completa de uno o más dedos. En los equinos su ocurrencia es rara y la causa es desconocida. El examen radiográfico es indispensable para el diagnóstico de la Polidactilia, 10 que proporciona la evaluación precisa de las estructuras óseas involucradas. El tratamiento puede ser realizado através de procedimiento quirúrgico con el intuito de realizarse la amputación dei dedo supernumerario. Este informe describe, por medio de observación de exámenes físico y radiográfico, la ocurrencia de polidactilia unilateral, en una mula de dos semanas de edad. El animal presentaba movilidad limitada con deformidades en dos dígitos completos en el miembro torácico derecho desde el nacimiento.

Polidactilismo em muar: relato de caso / Polydactylism in a mule: case report / Polidactilismo en mular: informe de un caso

A polidactilia é uma anomalia congênita na formação dos membros loco motores, caracterizada pela duplicação parcial ou completa de um ou mais dígitos. Nos equinos a sua ocorrência é rara e a causa é desconhecida. O exame radiográfico é indispensável para o diagnóstico da Polidactilia, por proporcionar a avaliação precisa das estruturas ósseas envolvidas. O tratamento pode ser realizado através de procedimento cirúrgico com o intuito de se realizar a amputação do dígito extranumerário. Este relato descreve, por meio de observação de exames físico e radiográfico, a ocorrência de polidactilia unilateral, em uma mula de duas semanas de idade.O animal apresentava dificuldade de locomoção, possuindo dois dígitos completos, com deformidades, no membro torácico direito desde o nascimento.(AU)

Polydactyly is a congenitallimb anomaly characterized by partial or complete duplication of one or more digits. Its occurrence in horses is rare and the cause is unknown. Radiographic exam is essential for the diagnosis of polydactyly, by providing an accurate assessment of bone structures involved. The treatment may be achieved through surgical procedure in order to perform the supernumerary digit amputation. This report describes the occurrence of unilateral Polydactyly in a two weeks old mule. The filly had limited mobility, showing two complete digits with deformities in the right forelimb, identified at birth.(AU)

La polidactilia es una anomalía congénita en la formación de los miembros locomotores, se caracteriza por la duplicación parcial o completa de uno o más dedos. En los equinos su ocurrencia es rara y la causa es desconocida. El examen radiográfico es indispensable para el diagnóstico de la Polidactilia, 10 que proporciona la evaluación precisa de las estructuras óseas involucradas. El tratamiento puede ser realizado através de procedimiento quirúrgico con el intuito de realizarse la amputación dei dedo supernumerario. Este informe describe, por medio de observación de exámenes físico y radiográfico, la ocurrencia de polidactilia unilateral, en una mula de dos semanas de edad. El animal presentaba movilidad limitada con deformidades en dos dígitos completos en el miembro torácico derecho desde el nacimiento.(AU)

Ureterocele ortotópica em cadela (Canis familiaris) - relato de caso / Orthotopic ureterocele in bitch (Canis familiaris) - a case report / Ureterocele ortotópico en perra (Canis familiaris) - relato de caso

A ureterocele é uma dilatação da porção final do ureter decorrente de falha embriológica sem causa ainda definida. Foi atendida uma cadela da raça poodle de três meses de idade com queixa de incontinência urinária. Os exames de imagem foram os responsáveis pelo fechamento do diagnóstico, sendo visualizada uma dilatação cística intravesical. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada foi a ressecção da ureterocele com marsupialização das bordas, obtendo-se remissão completa dos sinais clínicos dois meses após a cirurgia. Aos dois anos de idade, a cadela permanece continente.

Ureterocele is a dilation of the final portion of the ureter, which results from an embryological failure of unknown cause. This article describes the case of a three-month-old female poodle with complaints of urinary incontinence. Imaging exams helped establish the diagnosis by disclosing an orthotopic cystic dilation. The surgical technique employed to treat the condition was resection of the ureterocele with marsupialization of the edges. Complete remission of clinical signs was achieved two months post-surgery; the dog remains continent two years after the procedure.

El ureterocele es una dilatación de la porción final del uréter provocado por una falla en su desarrollo embriológico, cuya causa aún no ha sido definida. Se atendió una perra Caniche de tres meses con cuadro de incontinencia urinaria. Los exámenes de imagen, a través de los cuales se pudo llegar al diagnóstico de la enfermedad, permitieron comprobar la presencia de una dilatación quística en el lumen vesical. En la cirugía se realizó la resección del ureterocele y marsupialización de los bordes; dos meses después de realizada la cirugía, el paciente no presentaba cuadros de incontinencia. A los dos años de edad, la perra permanece sin síntomas.

Ureterocele ortotópica em cadela (Canis familiaris) - relato de caso / Orthotopic ureterocele in bitch (Canis familiaris) - a case report / Ureterocele ortotópico en perra (Canis familiaris) - relato de caso

A ureterocele é uma dilatação da porção final do ureter decorrente de falha embriológica sem causa ainda definida. Foi atendida uma cadela da raça poodle de três meses de idade com queixa de incontinência urinária. Os exames de imagem foram os responsáveis pelo fechamento do diagnóstico, sendo visualizada uma dilatação cística intravesical. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada foi a ressecção da ureterocele com marsupialização das bordas, obtendo-se remissão completa dos sinais clínicos dois meses após a cirurgia. Aos dois anos de idade, a cadela permanece continente.(AU)

Ureterocele is a dilation of the final portion of the ureter, which results from an embryological failure of unknown cause. This article describes the case of a three-month-old female poodle with complaints of urinary incontinence. Imaging exams helped establish the diagnosis by disclosing an orthotopic cystic dilation. The surgical technique employed to treat the condition was resection of the ureterocele with marsupialization of the edges. Complete remission of clinical signs was achieved two months post-surgery; the dog remains continent two years after the procedure. (AU)

El ureterocele es una dilatación de la porción final del uréter provocado por una falla en su desarrollo embriológico, cuya causa aún no ha sido definida. Se atendió una perra Caniche de tres meses con cuadro de incontinencia urinaria. Los exámenes de imagen, a través de los cuales se pudo llegar al diagnóstico de la enfermedad, permitieron comprobar la presencia de una dilatación quística en el lumen vesical. En la cirugía se realizó la resección del ureterocele y marsupialización de los bordes; dos meses después de realizada la cirugía, el paciente no presentaba cuadros de incontinencia. A los dos años de edad, la perra permanece sin síntomas.(AU)

Persistência de arco aórtico direito em cão tratamento cirúrgico / Persistence of right aortic arch in dog surgical treatment

As anomalias dos anéis vasculares são alterações congênitas provocadas por defeitos na embriogênese dos arcos aórticos, sendo a persistência de arco aórtico direito a mais comum. Essas anomalias podem, por muitas vezes comprimir estruturas adjacentes como traqueia e esôfago, causando dispneia e disfagia. Embora não exista sinal clínico patognomônico para a alteração, a regurgitação é a principal alteração encontrada.As radiografias torácicas contrastadas são preferidas em relação as radiografias simples, entretanto, o diagnóstico definitivo é conseguido no momento da exploração cirúrgica. O tratamento da anomalia é cirúrgico,entretanto, as condições clínicas de cada paciente devem ser levadas em consideração antes de se optar pelo procedimento cirúrgico. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o sucesso no tratamento clínico-cirúrgico de um cão da raça dogue alemão, portador de persistência de arco aórtico direito.AU

The anomalies of congenital vascular rings are caused by defects in embryogenesis from the aortic arch, and persistent right aortic arch most common. These anomalies may, for often compress adjacent structures such as the trachea and esophagus, causing dyspnea and dysphagia. Although there is no pathognomonic clinical signs for the amendment, regurgitation is the main alteration found. Thoracic radiographs are contrasted preferred over the plain radiographs, however, a definitive diagnosis is achieved at the time of surgical exploration. The surgical treatment of this anomaly is, however, the clinical conditions of each patient should be taken into consideration before opting for surgery. This study aims to report success in medical and surgical treatment of a dog breed German Dog carrier persistent right aortic arch.

Postioplastia com punch de biópsia para a correção cirúrgica defimose causada por estenose congênita do óstio prepucial em umcão relato de caso / Preputial plasty with biopsy punch for surgical correction of phimosis caused by congenital stenosis ofthe preputial orifice in a dog - case report

Fimose em cães é uma afecção pouco frequente, caracterizada pela incapacidade de exposição do pênis. Ascausas são diversas e incluem falha no desenvolvimento prepucial, trauma, neoplasia ou celulite prepucial.Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de um cão de quatro meses de idade com histórico deestrangúria e aumento de volume prepucial. Baseado no histórico, e achados do exame físico diagnosticou--se fimose congênita, sendo submetido à correção cirúrgica. Uma pequena porção circular do prepúciocranioventral foi removida e a mucosa prepucial foi suturada à pele em padrão interrompido simples. Oprocedimento foi rápido e simples de ser realizado, resultando na completa remissão dos sinais clínicos.AU

Phimosis in dogs is a rare condition characterized by the inability to expose the penis. The causesare diverse and include development failure, preputial trauma, neoplasia or preputial cellulite. Thisstudy aims to report the case of a four-month old dog with a history of urine retention and drippingand preputial swelling. Based on history and physical examination, the patient was diagnosed withcongenital phimosis and underwent surgical correction. A small circular portion of the cranial prepucewas removed and preputial mucosa was sutured to the skin in a simple interrupted pattern.The procedure was quick and simple to perform, resulting in complete remission of clinical signs.AU

Persistência de arco aórtico direito em cão – tratamento cirúrgico / Persistence of right aortic arch in dog – surgical treatment

As anomalias dos anéis vasculares são alterações congênitas provocadas por defeitos na embriogênese dos arcos aórticos, sendo a persistência de arco aórtico direito a mais comum. Essas anomalias podem, por muitas vezes comprimir estruturas adjacentes como traqueia e esôfago, causando dispneia e disfagia. Embora não exista sinal clínico patognomônico para a alteração, a regurgitação é a principal alteração encontrada.As radiografias torácicas contrastadas são preferidas em relação as radiografias simples, entretanto, o diagnóstico definitivo é conseguido no momento da exploração cirúrgica. O tratamento da anomalia é cirúrgico,entretanto, as condições clínicas de cada paciente devem ser levadas em consideração antes de se optar pelo procedimento cirúrgico. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o sucesso no tratamento clínico-cirúrgico de um cão da raça dogue alemão, portador de persistência de arco aórtico direito.

The anomalies of congenital vascular rings are caused by defects in embryogenesis from the aortic arch, and persistent right aortic arch most common. These anomalies may, for often compress adjacent structures such as the trachea and esophagus, causing dyspnea and dysphagia. Although there is no pathognomonic clinical signs for the amendment, regurgitation is the main alteration found. Thoracic radiographs are contrasted preferred over the plain radiographs, however, a definitive diagnosis is achieved at the time of surgical exploration. The surgical treatment of this anomaly is, however, the clinical conditions of each patient should be taken into consideration before opting for surgery. This study aims to report success in medical and surgical treatment of a dog breed German Dog carrier persistent right aortic arch.