Pulmonary choristoma in a new-born calf with multiple cranial and nervous malformations / Coristoma pulmonar em um bezerro recém-nascido com múltiplas malformações cranianas e neurológicas

Multiple congenital malformations can occur concomitantly in several species since the anomaly in one organ may lead directly to the malformation of another. Additionally, the etiology is not always clarified. Choristoma refers to an ectopic tissue that is histologically normal in an abnormal location. A case of pulmonary and nodal choristoma associated with cranioschisis, hydrocephalus, and syringomyelia in a new-born calf is reported here. Clinically, the calf had a mass in the frontal region of the head associated with local bone deformation. At necropsy, there was cranioschisis in the junction of the frontal bones and a 14 × 10 × 7 cm mass, grossly consistent with well-differentiated pulmonary tissue covered by skin, covering the opening between the frontal bones, and extending into the cranial cavity, leading to local cerebral compression. With the pulmonary choristoma, there was a well-differentiated lymphoid tissue. Additionally, in the central nervous system, there was severe hydrocephalus involving lateral ventricles and multiple areas of syringomyelia in the spinal cord.

Múltiplas malformações congênitas podem ocorrer concomitantemente em diversas espécies, uma vez que a anomalia em um órgão pode diretamente acarretar a malformação de outro. Ainda, a etiologia envolvida nem sempre é identificada. Coristomas são caracterizados por tecido ectópico histologicamente normal em uma localização anômala. Um caso de coristoma pulmonar e nodal associado a craniosquise, hidrocefalia e siringomielia em um bezerro recém-nascido é descrito neste trabalho. Clinicamente, o bezerro apresentava uma massa na região frontal da cabeça associada a deformação óssea local. No exame de necropsia, havia craniosquise na junção dos ossos frontais e tecido pulmonar bem diferenciado recoberto por pele, medindo 14 x 10 x 7 cm, recobrindo a abertura entre os ossos frontais e adentrando a cavidade craniana, acarretando o achatamento do córtex cerebral adjacente. Juntamente com o tecido pulmonar, havia um nódulo composto por tecido linfoide bem diferenciado. Adicionalmente, no sistema nervoso central, havia hidrocefalia severa envolvendo os ventrículos laterais e múltiplas áreas de siringomielia na medula espinhal.

A dicephalus calf: anatomical, pathological and radiographic aspects

Congenital malformations are morphofunctional abnormalities of tissues and organs that can occur during embryonic or fetal development in all animal species. Among these, dicephalus is characterized by the development of an individual with two heads and two necks, due to the total duplication of facial, cranial, and brain structures. Reports of dicephalus in cattle are scarce and do not normally emphasize radiographic and bone anatomy characteristics. The objective was to describe a case of a stillborn dicephalus calf. The duplication of the head, brain, neck, and two thoracic vertebral columns, isolated from each other, with 13 vertebrae each was verified radiographically. There were 13 pairs of ribs, the ones on the right side articulated with the thoracic spine on the right and the left ones with the spine on the left. Caudally at T13, there was only one lumbar spine, sacral and coccygeal. In the ventrodorsal projection, L1, L2, L3, and L6 had the shape of a butterfly (suggestive of hemivertebrae). At necropsy, in addition to craniocervical and spinal morphological changes, collapsed lungs, duplication of the heart with anastomosis between the aortic arches of the hearts, and duplication of the upper digestive tract were observed. Additionally, there was arthrogryposis of the pelvic limbs. Corpse maceration, followed by the skeletal assembly, showed the bone changes previously observed and confirmed the suspicion of hemivertebrae.

A dicephalus calf: anatomical, pathological and radiographic aspects

Congenital malformations are morphofunctional abnormalities of tissues and organs that can occur during embryonic or fetal development in all animal species. Among these, dicephalus is characterized by the development of an individual with two heads and two necks, due to the total duplication of facial, cranial, and brain structures. Reports of dicephalus in cattle are scarce and do not normally emphasize radiographic and bone anatomy characteristics. The objective was to describe a case of a stillborn dicephalus calf. The duplication of the head, brain, neck, and two thoracic vertebral columns, isolated from each other, with 13 vertebrae each was verified radiographically. There were 13 pairs of ribs, the ones on the right side articulated with the thoracic spine on the right and the left ones with the spine on the left. Caudally at T13, there was only one lumbar spine, sacral and coccygeal. In the ventrodorsal projection, L1, L2, L3, and L6 had the shape of a butterfly (suggestive of hemivertebrae). At necropsy, in addition to craniocervical and spinal morphological changes, collapsed lungs, duplication of the heart with anastomosis between the aortic arches of the hearts, and duplication of the upper digestive tract were observed. Additionally, there was arthrogryposis of the pelvic limbs. Corpse maceration, followed by the skeletal assembly, showed the bone changes previously observed and confirmed the suspicion of hemivertebrae.(AU)

Hepatic encephalopathy in adult dog secondary to cirrhosis due to congenital biliary agenesis: a case report / Encefalopatia hepática em cão adulto secundária a cirrose causada por agenesia biliar congênita: relato de caso

Gallbladder agenesis is a congenital malformation that is considered extremely rare in dogs. The disease can course asymptomatically or with clinical signs, usually non-specific and including vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, ascites, and lethargy. The objective of this report was to describe the clinical and anatomopathological aspects of a dog with hepatic encephalopathy secondary to gallbladder agenesis. This condition can be diagnosed during surgery or imaging examinations; however, it is often an incidental finding. In the biochemical examinations, a decrease in alanine aminotransferase and an increase in alkaline phosphatase and hypoalbuminemia were observed. During the necropsy, hepatomegaly was observed with absence of the gallbladder, congestion, cerebral edema, lipiduria, and pulmonary edema. Microscopically, there was intense fibrosis and inflammation in the liver due to chronic cholangiohepatitis (cirrhosis of the liver). The consequence of this lesion secondary to gallbladder agenesis was hepatic encephalopathy. Chronic liver failure exposes the cerebral cortex to toxins that are not metabolized by the liver, such as ammonia, mercaptans, short-chain fatty acids, scatols, indols, and aromatic amino acids. These toxins cause reversible damage to the brain, which results in neurological disorders. In this report, the dog had no clinical neurological signs, and the diagnosis of this condition was observed histologically. Dogs with gallbladder agenesis usually have clinical and pathological findings of hepatobiliary lesions such as cholestasis, cholangiohepatitis, and, in severe cases, hepatic encephalopathy, which are necessary to differentiate from other diseases that affect the hepatobiliary system, such as cholelithiasis, neoplasms, and chronic hepatitis.

A agenesia de vesícula biliar é uma má formação congênita, considerada extremamente rara em cães. A doença pode cursar de forma assintomática ou com sinais clínicos, geralmente, inespecíficos que incluem vômitos, anorexia, diarreia, ascite e letargia. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever os aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um cão com encefalopatia hepá-tica secundária a agenesia da vesícula biliar, esta condição pode ser diagnosticada durante uma cirurgia ou exames de imagem, entretanto frequentemente é um achado incidental. Como resultados, nos exames bioquímicos observou-se a diminuição da alanina aminotransferase, aumento da fosfatase alcalina e hipoalbuminemia. Durante a necropsia foi observado hepatomegalia com ausência da vesícula biliar, congestão e edema cerebral, lipidúria e edema pulmonar. Microscopicamente, no fígado havia intensa fibrose e inflamação pela colangiohepatite crônica (cirrose hepática). A consequência desta lesão secundária a agenesia da vesícula biliar, foi a encefalopatia hepática. A insuficiência hepática crônica expõe o córtex cerebral às toxinas não metabo-lizadas pelo fígado, tais como a amônia, mercaptanos, ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, escatóis, indóis e aminoácidos aromáti-cos. Essas toxinas causam danos reversíveis ao encéfalo, o que resulta em distúrbios neurológicos. No presente caso, o cão não apresentou sinais clínicos neurológicos e o diagnóstico desta condição foi observado histologicamente. Cães com agenesia de vesícula biliar, geralmente exibem achados clínicos e patológicos de lesões hepatobiliares, como colestase, conlangiohepatite e, em casos graves, encefalopatia hepática, sendo necessário diferenciar de outras doenças que acometem o sistema hepatobiliar, como colelitíase, neoplasias e hepatites crônicas.

Hepatic encephalopathy in adult dog secondary to cirrhosis due to congenital biliary agenesis: a case report / Encefalopatia hepática em cão adulto secundária a cirrose causada por agenesia biliar congênita: relato de caso

Gallbladder agenesis is a congenital malformation that is considered extremely rare in dogs. The disease can course asymptomatically or with clinical signs, usually non-specific and including vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, ascites, and lethargy. The objective of this report was to describe the clinical and anatomopathological aspects of a dog with hepatic encephalopathy secondary to gallbladder agenesis. This condition can be diagnosed during surgery or imaging examinations; however, it is often an incidental finding. In the biochemical examinations, a decrease in alanine aminotransferase and an increase in alkaline phosphatase and hypoalbuminemia were observed. During the necropsy, hepatomegaly was observed with absence of the gallbladder, congestion, cerebral edema, lipiduria, and pulmonary edema. Microscopically, there was intense fibrosis and inflammation in the liver due to chronic cholangiohepatitis (cirrhosis of the liver). The consequence of this lesion secondary to gallbladder agenesis was hepatic encephalopathy. Chronic liver failure exposes the cerebral cortex to toxins that are not metabolized by the liver, such as ammonia, mercaptans, short-chain fatty acids, scatols, indols, and aromatic amino acids. These toxins cause reversible damage to the brain, which results in neurological disorders. In this report, the dog had no clinical neurological signs, and the diagnosis of this condition was observed histologically. Dogs with gallbladder agenesis usually have clinical and pathological findings of hepatobiliary lesions such as cholestasis, cholangiohepatitis, and, in severe cases, hepatic encephalopathy, which are necessary to differentiate from other diseases that affect the hepatobiliary system, such as cholelithiasis, neoplasms, and chronic hepatitis.(AU)

A agenesia de vesícula biliar é uma má formação congênita, considerada extremamente rara em cães. A doença pode cursar de forma assintomática ou com sinais clínicos, geralmente, inespecíficos que incluem vômitos, anorexia, diarreia, ascite e letargia. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever os aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um cão com encefalopatia hepá-tica secundária a agenesia da vesícula biliar, esta condição pode ser diagnosticada durante uma cirurgia ou exames de imagem, entretanto frequentemente é um achado incidental. Como resultados, nos exames bioquímicos observou-se a diminuição da alanina aminotransferase, aumento da fosfatase alcalina e hipoalbuminemia. Durante a necropsia foi observado hepatomegalia com ausência da vesícula biliar, congestão e edema cerebral, lipidúria e edema pulmonar. Microscopicamente, no fígado havia intensa fibrose e inflamação pela colangiohepatite crônica (cirrose hepática). A consequência desta lesão secundária a agenesia da vesícula biliar, foi a encefalopatia hepática. A insuficiência hepática crônica expõe o córtex cerebral às toxinas não metabo-lizadas pelo fígado, tais como a amônia, mercaptanos, ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, escatóis, indóis e aminoácidos aromáti-cos. Essas toxinas causam danos reversíveis ao encéfalo, o que resulta em distúrbios neurológicos. No presente caso, o cão não apresentou sinais clínicos neurológicos e o diagnóstico desta condição foi observado histologicamente. Cães com agenesia de vesícula biliar, geralmente exibem achados clínicos e patológicos de lesões hepatobiliares, como colestase, conlangiohepatite e, em casos graves, encefalopatia hepática, sendo necessário diferenciar de outras doenças que acometem o sistema hepatobiliar, como colelitíase, neoplasias e hepatites crônicas.(AU)

Type III atresia coli with underdeveloped colon and hydroperitoneum in a newborn foal / Atresia coli tipo III com subdesenvolvimento de cólon e hidroperitôneo em neonato equino

A 48-hour-old mixed breed pony colt was referred to the hospital because of abdominal discomfort, weak suckling reflex and prostration. During clinical investigation, supportive and symptomatic treatments were necessary, and an abdominal radiography was performed revealing a large intestine filled with feces and large amounts of gas, in addition to free fluid in the cavity. After 3 days of treatment, the foal had not yet defecated, thus exploratory abdominal surgery was indicated, but the owners declined. Therefore, the foal was humanly euthanized. Post-mortem examination revealed complete absence of the pelvic flexure. Subsequent portions of the dorsal, transverse and small colons were intensely reduced. In addition, at the abdominal cavity there was 850 ml of yellowish translucent liquid. These findings are compatible with hydroperitoneum and type III atresia coli at the pelvic flexure, associated with underdevelopment of the dorsal, transverse and small colons.(AU)

Um pônei mestiço de 48 horas de vida foi encaminhado ao hospital para avaliação por desconforto abdominal, diminuição do reflexo de sucção e prostração. Durante a investigação clínica, tratamentos de suporte e sintomáticos foram necessários, e radiografia abdominal foi realizada revelando cólon maior repleto de fezes e grandes quantidades de gás, além de fluido livre na cavidade. Após três dias de tratamento, o potro ainda não havia defecado, sendo a laparotomia exploratória indicada, mas os proprietários recusaram. Portanto, o potro foi humanamente eutanasiado. O exame post-mortem revelou ausência completa da flexura pélvica. Porções subseqüentes dos cólons dorsal, cólon transverso e cólon menor se apresentaram intensamente reduzidas. Além disso, na cavidade abdominal havia 850 ml de líquido translúcido amarelado. Esses achados são compatíveis com o hidroperitônio e a atresia coli tipo III na flexura pélvica, associados ao subdesenvolvimento dos cólons dorsal, transverso e menor.(AU)

Diprosopia relacionada à administração de progestágenos em felino doméstico neonato: relato de caso / Diprosopia related to the administration of progestogens in domestic feline neonate: case report

A diprosopia é uma anomalia congênita na qual a região da cabeça e as estruturas faciais do animal se mostram duplicadas. Esse defeito congênito é mais comumente relatado em bovinos, mas também ocorre em felinos, caninos, caprinos, ratos e veados. O presente trabalho objetivou relatar um caso de diprosopia associada a fenda palatina bilateral em felino neonato. Uma gata não castrada foi atendida em uma clínica particular situada na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS, manifestando prostração e, segundo o tutor, havia administrado progestágenos anteriormente. Ao exame físico foi vista uma membrana similar a vesícula embrionária ao toque vaginal. A ecografia abdominal constatou gestação e sofrimento fetal, optando-se pela cirurgia. Dos cinco neonatos, um estava morto, três vieram a óbito em torno de 24 horas após o procedimento e um destes apresentava alterações sugestivas de diprosopia associada a fenda palatina bilateral, e foi encaminhado para necropsia. Considerada uma má formação congênita pouco frequente em felinos, a diprosopia pode estar associada ao uso prévio de progestágenos ao período gestacional em gatas.(AU)

Diprosopia is a congenital anomaly in which the head region and facial structures of the animal are doubled. This congenital defect is most commonly reported in bovines, but it also occurs in felines, canines, goats, rats and deer. The present study aimed to report a case of diprosopia associated with bilateral cleft palate in neonate feline. An uncastrated cat was treated at a private clinic in the city of Porto Alegre / RS, manifesting prostration, to the vaginal touch there was a membrane similar to the embryonic vesicle and, according to the tutor, had previously administered progestogens. Abdominal ultrasound found gestation and fetal distress, opting for surgery. Of the five newborn pups, one was dead, another three died about 24 hours after the procedure and one of them presented alterations suggestive of diprosopia associated with bilateral cleft palate, being referred for necropsy. Considered an infrequent congenital formation in felines, diprosopia may be associated with the previous use of progestogens to the gestational period in cats.(AU)

Diprosopia relacionada à administração de progestágenos em felino doméstico neonato: relato de caso / Diprosopia related to the administration of progestogens in domestic feline neonate: case report

A diprosopia é uma anomalia congênita na qual a região da cabeça e as estruturas faciais do animal se mostram duplicadas. Esse defeito congênito é mais comumente relatado em bovinos, mas também ocorre em felinos, caninos, caprinos, ratos e veados. O presente trabalho objetivou relatar um caso de diprosopia associada a fenda palatina bilateral em felino neonato. Uma gata não castrada foi atendida em uma clínica particular situada na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS, manifestando prostração e, segundo o tutor, havia administrado progestágenos anteriormente. Ao exame físico foi vista uma membrana similar a vesícula embrionária ao toque vaginal. A ecografia abdominal constatou gestação e sofrimento fetal, optando-se pela cirurgia. Dos cinco neonatos, um estava morto, três vieram a óbito em torno de 24 horas após o procedimento e um destes apresentava alterações sugestivas de diprosopia associada a fenda palatina bilateral, e foi encaminhado para necropsia. Considerada uma má formação congênita pouco frequente em felinos, a diprosopia pode estar associada ao uso prévio de progestágenos ao período gestacional em gatas.

Diprosopia is a congenital anomaly in which the head region and facial structures of the animal are doubled. This congenital defect is most commonly reported in bovines, but it also occurs in felines, canines, goats, rats and deer. The present study aimed to report a case of diprosopia associated with bilateral cleft palate in neonate feline. An uncastrated cat was treated at a private clinic in the city of Porto Alegre / RS, manifesting prostration, to the vaginal touch there was a membrane similar to the embryonic vesicle and, according to the tutor, had previously administered progestogens. Abdominal ultrasound found gestation and fetal distress, opting for surgery. Of the five newborn pups, one was dead, another three died about 24 hours after the procedure and one of them presented alterations suggestive of diprosopia associated with bilateral cleft palate, being referred for necropsy. Considered an infrequent congenital formation in felines, diprosopia may be associated with the previous use of progestogens to the gestational period in cats.

Reduction glossoplasty in a calf with bifid tongue

Background: Fetal malformations are characterized by anatomical changes that compromise an organ or system. Tongueformation in bovines occurs with the fusion of three structures at the end of the fourth week of gestation, and any failureduring this stage of embryonic development may lead to tongue malformation. Bifid tongue, also called glossoschisis, is arare congenital abnormality in any species and is characterized by incomplete fusion of the lateral tongue buds, resultingin a deep groove in the midline of the tongue. The objective of this study was to describe a case of bifid tongue and theprocedure of reduction glossoplasty in a calf of the Girolando breed in Tocantins State.Case: A male mixed-breed (Holstein-Friesian × Gir) calf, born from natural mating in the municipality of Araguaína,Tocantins, was clinically assessed in the Sector of Ruminant Clinical Medicine of the Federal University of Tocantinsat 2 months of age. The owner reported that the animal exhibited difficulty in suckling after birth and that on inspectionof the oral cavity, he observed changes in the tongue and mandible. Clinical examination of the oral cavity revealed thepresence of a bifid tongue and abnormal fusion of the mandible in the region of the lower incisive teeth. It was decided toperform a surgical procedure with the aim of improving the animals quality of life because the owner wanted to keep itin the farm. An incision was made, followed by removal of the medial rims of the two tines of the tongue, and synthesiswas performed, joining the ventral rims of the tongue, beginning at the root and ending at the apex.Discussion: The observed lesions are compatible with bifid tongue and mandibular fissure, both previously reported inother species. The literature has no reports of bifid tongue in bovines. The etiology of fetal malformations is still unclear,and the primary causes known in Brazil include...(AU)

Reduction glossoplasty in a calf with bifid tongue

Background: Fetal malformations are characterized by anatomical changes that compromise an organ or system. Tongueformation in bovines occurs with the fusion of three structures at the end of the fourth week of gestation, and any failureduring this stage of embryonic development may lead to tongue malformation. Bifid tongue, also called glossoschisis, is arare congenital abnormality in any species and is characterized by incomplete fusion of the lateral tongue buds, resultingin a deep groove in the midline of the tongue. The objective of this study was to describe a case of bifid tongue and theprocedure of reduction glossoplasty in a calf of the Girolando breed in Tocantins State.Case: A male mixed-breed (Holstein-Friesian × Gir) calf, born from natural mating in the municipality of Araguaína,Tocantins, was clinically assessed in the Sector of Ruminant Clinical Medicine of the Federal University of Tocantinsat 2 months of age. The owner reported that the animal exhibited difficulty in suckling after birth and that on inspectionof the oral cavity, he observed changes in the tongue and mandible. Clinical examination of the oral cavity revealed thepresence of a bifid tongue and abnormal fusion of the mandible in the region of the lower incisive teeth. It was decided toperform a surgical procedure with the aim of improving the animal’s quality of life because the owner wanted to keep itin the farm. An incision was made, followed by removal of the medial rims of the two tines of the tongue, and synthesiswas performed, joining the ventral rims of the tongue, beginning at the root and ending at the apex.Discussion: The observed lesions are compatible with bifid tongue and mandibular fissure, both previously reported inother species. The literature has no reports of bifid tongue in bovines. The etiology of fetal malformations is still unclear,and the primary causes known in Brazil include...

Atresia anal com fístula retovaginal em ovino: relato de caso / Anal Atresia with rectovaginal fistula in sheep: case report

A atresia anal com fístula retovaginal, é considerada uma afecção congênita rara nos ovinos. Em virtude disso, buscou-se descrever o reparo cirúrgico e cuidados pós-operatórios em uma borrega que apresentava essa afecção. Nesse sentido, uma borrega, sem raça definida, de 25 dias de idade e pesando 7,2kg, apresentou sinais de distensão abdominal e defecação pela vulva. A afecção foi diagnosticada por meio do exame clínico e confirmada radiograficamente, constatando-se atresia anal do tipo III em associação com a fístula.(AU)

Atresia ani associated with rectovaginal fistula is considered a rare congenital anomaly in sheep. Therefore, the surgical correction and post-operative care of a lamb presenting atresia ani with rectovaginal fistula has been detailed in this case report. A 25-days old, mixed breed lamb, weighing 7.2 kg, showing signs of abdominal bloating, and stool passage through the vulva was admitted at our hospital. An atresia ani type III condition associated with rectovaginal fistula was diagnosed by clinical examination and confirmed by radiographic examination.(AU)

Atresia anal com fístula retovaginal em ovino: relato de caso / Anal Atresia with rectovaginal fistula in sheep: case report

A atresia anal com fístula retovaginal, é considerada uma afecção congênita rara nos ovinos. Em virtude disso, buscou-se descrever o reparo cirúrgico e cuidados pós-operatórios em uma borrega que apresentava essa afecção. Nesse sentido, uma borrega, sem raça definida, de 25 dias de idade e pesando 7,2kg, apresentou sinais de distensão abdominal e defecação pela vulva. A afecção foi diagnosticada por meio do exame clínico e confirmada radiograficamente, constatando-se atresia anal do tipo III em associação com a fístula.(AU)

Atresia ani associated with rectovaginal fistula is considered a rare congenital anomaly in sheep. Therefore, the surgical correction and post-operative care of a lamb presenting atresia ani with rectovaginal fistula has been detailed in this case report. A 25-days old, mixed breed lamb, weighing 7.2 kg, showing signs of abdominal bloating, and stool passage through the vulva was admitted at our hospital. An atresia ani type III condition associated with rectovaginal fistula was diagnosed by clinical examination and confirmed by radiographic examination.(AU)

Lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia in a calf / Lisencefalia-paquigiria e hipoplasia cerebelar em um bovino

A case of lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia diagnosed in a Charolais x Tabapuã calf is described. The calf presented since birth, clinical signs characterized by apathy, prolonged recumbency, tremors of the head and neck, ataxia, hypermetria, difficulty walking, blindness and swelling of the joints of the four limbs. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized and necropsied at 34 days of age. At necropsy, a rudimentary development of the brain folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci) was observed, and the cerebellum was hypoplastic. The cut surface of the brain exhibited thickening of the gray matter (pachygyria) in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices and narrowing of the white matter. In the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, no significant lesions were observed. Histologically, cerebral cortex was thick and exhibited neuronal disorganization of the gray matter. The cerebellum had a thin molecular layer, and neuronal disorganization with ectopia of the Purkinje neurons in the region of the granular and molecular layers. There were no bacterial growths in cultures of joint swabs. This was the only case on the property, which suggests that this malformation, which has not previously been described in cattle, was a sporadic case, and it was not possible to determine its cause. Neurological lesions and clinical sings presented here should be considered in the differential diagnosis of congenital diseases of the central nervous systems of cattle.

Descreve-se um caso de lisencefalia-paquigiria e hipoplasia cerebelar diagnosticado em um bovino, macho, cruza Charolês x Tabapuã que apresentava, desde o nascimento, sinais clínicos caracterizados por apatia, decúbito prolongado, tremores da cabeça e do pescoço, ataxia, hipermetria, dificuldade na marcha, cegueira e aumento de volume nas articulações dos quatro membros. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável, o bovino foi eutanasiado e necropsiado aos 34 dias de idade. Na abertura da caixa craniana, observou-se formação rudimentar dos giros do telencéfalo e cerebelo hipoplásico. Ao corte o encéfalo, apresentava espessamento da substância cinzenta (paquigiria) do córtex frontal, parietal, temporal e occipital e estreitamento da substância branca. Nos órgãos das cavidades torácica e abdominal, não foram observadas lesões significativas. Histologicamente, no córtex cerebral havia desorganização neuronal da substância cinzenta que estava espessa. No cerebelo, havia diminuição da camada molecular e desorganização neuronal com ectopia dos neurônios de Purkinje na região das camadas granular e molecular. Não houve crescimento bacteriano das culturas de suabes das articulações. O fato de ser o único caso na propriedade sugere que a malformação, sem descrição anterior em bovinos, trata-se de caso esporádico, não sendo determinada sua causa. As alterações neurológicas aqui observadas devem ser levadas em consideração no diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades congênitas do sistema nervoso central de bovinos.

Cérvix em espiral em peça do sistema reprodutivo feminino de bovino / Spiral cervix in pieces of the female bovine reproductive system

Alterações no sistema reprodutor das fêmeas bovinas possuem grande importância econômica em ambos rebanhos: tanto em gado de leite quanto em gado de corte, pois podem afetar a eficiência reprodutiva dos animais. O presente trabalho possui como objetivo relatar a existência de uma cérvix bovina que é anatomicamente anormal pois possui o formato de seu canal em espiral ao invés de apresentar-se retilíneo. Na maioria das vezes a ocorrência desta anormalidade não é diagnosticada, tendo em vista que não é possível verificar esta alteração em exames ginecológicos rotineiros do aparelho reprodutivo de fêmeas bovinas. Sendo assim, embora de pouca ocorrência, a cérvix em espiral possui importância econômica em função do nível de modificação que apresenta, pois pode prejudicar de diversas formas o desempenho reprodutivo dos animais.

Alterations in the reproductive system of the female cattle is of great economic importance in both herds: beef and milk cattle, because they may affect the reproductive efficiency from the animals. The present work aims at reporting the existence of the cervix bovine, which is anatomically abnormal due to the spiral shape of the cervix canal, instead of a straight one. In the majority of the cases, this abnormality is not diagnosed as it is not possible to verify that in routine gynecologic exams of the reproductive system in female cattle. Therefore, even though there is not much occurrence of spiral cervix, it still has economical importance due to its level of modification as it can damage in various ways the reproductive development of the animals.

Cérvix em espiral em peça do sistema reprodutivo feminino de bovino / Spiral cervix in pieces of the female bovine reproductive system

Alterações no sistema reprodutor das fêmeas bovinas possuem grande importância econômica em ambos rebanhos: tanto em gado de leite quanto em gado de corte, pois podem afetar a eficiência reprodutiva dos animais. O presente trabalho possui como objetivo relatar a existência de uma cérvix bovina que é anatomicamente anormal pois possui o formato de seu canal em espiral ao invés de apresentar-se retilíneo. Na maioria das vezes a ocorrência desta anormalidade não é diagnosticada, tendo em vista que não é possível verificar esta alteração em exames ginecológicos rotineiros do aparelho reprodutivo de fêmeas bovinas. Sendo assim, embora de pouca ocorrência, a cérvix em espiral possui importância econômica em função do nível de modificação que apresenta, pois pode prejudicar de diversas formas o desempenho reprodutivo dos animais.(AU)

Alterations in the reproductive system of the female cattle is of great economic importance in both herds: beef and milk cattle, because they may affect the reproductive efficiency from the animals. The present work aims at reporting the existence of the cervix bovine, which is anatomically abnormal due to the spiral shape of the cervix canal, instead of a straight one. In the majority of the cases, this abnormality is not diagnosed as it is not possible to verify that in routine gynecologic exams of the reproductive system in female cattle. Therefore, even though there is not much occurrence of spiral cervix, it still has economical importance due to its level of modification as it can damage in various ways the reproductive development of the animals.(AU

Lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia in a calf / Lisencefalia-paquigiria e hipoplasia cerebelar em um bovino

A case of lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia diagnosed in a Charolais x Tabapuã calf is described. The calf presented since birth, clinical signs characterized by apathy, prolonged recumbency, tremors of the head and neck, ataxia, hypermetria, difficulty walking, blindness and swelling of the joints of the four limbs. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized and necropsied at 34 days of age. At necropsy, a rudimentary development of the brain folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci) was observed, and the cerebellum was hypoplastic. The cut surface of the brain exhibited thickening of the gray matter (pachygyria) in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices and narrowing of the white matter. In the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, no significant lesions were observed. Histologically, cerebral cortex was thick and exhibited neuronal disorganization of the gray matter. The cerebellum had a thin molecular layer, and neuronal disorganization with ectopia of the Purkinje neurons in the region of the granular and molecular layers. There were no bacterial growths in cultures of joint swabs. This was the only case on the property, which suggests that this malformation, which has not previously been described in cattle, was a sporadic case, and it was not possible to determine its cause. Neurological lesions and clinical sings presented here should be considered in the differential diagnosis of congenital diseases of the central nervous systems of cattle.(AU)

Descreve-se um caso de lisencefalia-paquigiria e hipoplasia cerebelar diagnosticado em um bovino, macho, cruza Charolês x Tabapuã que apresentava, desde o nascimento, sinais clínicos caracterizados por apatia, decúbito prolongado, tremores da cabeça e do pescoço, ataxia, hipermetria, dificuldade na marcha, cegueira e aumento de volume nas articulações dos quatro membros. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável, o bovino foi eutanasiado e necropsiado aos 34 dias de idade. Na abertura da caixa craniana, observou-se formação rudimentar dos giros do telencéfalo e cerebelo hipoplásico. Ao corte o encéfalo, apresentava espessamento da substância cinzenta (paquigiria) do córtex frontal, parietal, temporal e occipital e estreitamento da substância branca. Nos órgãos das cavidades torácica e abdominal, não foram observadas lesões significativas. Histologicamente, no córtex cerebral havia desorganização neuronal da substância cinzenta que estava espessa. No cerebelo, havia diminuição da camada molecular e desorganização neuronal com ectopia dos neurônios de Purkinje na região das camadas granular e molecular. Não houve crescimento bacteriano das culturas de suabes das articulações. O fato de ser o único caso na propriedade sugere que a malformação, sem descrição anterior em bovinos, trata-se de caso esporádico, não sendo determinada sua causa. As alterações neurológicas aqui observadas devem ser levadas em consideração no diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades congênitas do sistema nervoso central de bovinos.(AU)

Hipospadia e onfalocele em neonato da raça buldogue francês: relato de caso / Hypospadia and omphalocele in a French Bulldog: case report / Hipospadia y onfalocele en un neonato de Bulldog Francés: relato de caso

Dentre as más-formações congênitas em neonatos, a hipospadia e a onfalocele são relatadas em filhotes de cães de algumas raças como pinscher, buldogue inglês, buldogue francês, basenji e dálmata. Essas afecções caracterizam-se respectivamente por um defeito na fusão do prepúcio, acompanhado de falha no fechamento do sulco uretral ventral e por um defeito na região umbilical que pode levar à evisceração de órgãos abdominais. A literatura relata o caráter hereditário dessas afecções em algumas raças de cães; contudo, sua etiologia ainda é pouco esclarecida, sendo atribuída a causas multifatoriais. Este artigo relata um caso deonfalocele e hipospadia em um neonato da raça buldogue francês que passou por eutanásia.(AU)

Hypospadia and omphalocele are rare congenital defects reported in various breeds, including the Doberman Pinscher, English Bulldog, French Bulldog, Basenji, and Dalmatian. Hypospadia ís characterized by a defect in the fusion of the penile foreskin associated with persistent opening of the ventral urethral sulcus. Omphalocele is an abdominal wall defect, most common at the umbilical site, that may lead to evisceration of abdominal organs. Some dog breeds are suspected to have an hereditary predisposition to these conditions. but the etiology is still poorly understood and believed to be multífactorial. We report a case of omphalocele and hypospadia in a French Bulldog neonate on which euthanasia was performed.(AU)

Dentro de las malformaciones congénitas de los perros, se han relatado casos de hipospadia y onfalocele en cachorros de algunas razas como Pinscher, Buldog inglés, Buldog francés, Basenji y Dálmata. Estas alteraciones se caracterizan por una falla en la fusión del prepucio y en el cierre del turco uretral ventral(hipospadia), y por una falla en región umbilical que puede llevar a la evisceración de estructuras abdominales (onfalocele). La literatura relata un cierto carácter hereditário en algunas razas; no obstante se desconoce su etiologia, generalmente atribuída a múltiples factores. Este articulo relata un caso de onfalocele e hipospadia en un neonato de Bulldog francés que fue finalmente eutanasiado.(AU)

Hipospadia e onfalocele em neonato da raça buldogue francês: relato de caso / Hypospadia and omphalocele in a French Bulldog: case report / Hipospadia y onfalocele en un neonato de Bulldog Francés: relato de caso

Dentre as más-formações congênitas em neonatos, a hipospadia e a onfalocele são relatadas em filhotes de cães de algumas raças como pinscher, buldogue inglês, buldogue francês, basenji e dálmata. Essas afecções caracterizam-se respectivamente por um defeito na fusão do prepúcio, acompanhado de falha no fechamento do sulco uretral ventral e por um defeito na região umbilical que pode levar à evisceração de órgãos abdominais. A literatura relata o caráter hereditário dessas afecções em algumas raças de cães; contudo, sua etiologia ainda é pouco esclarecida, sendo atribuída a causas multifatoriais. Este artigo relata um caso deonfalocele e hipospadia em um neonato da raça buldogue francês que passou por eutanásia.

Hypospadia and omphalocele are rare congenital defects reported in various breeds, including the Doberman Pinscher, English Bulldog, French Bulldog, Basenji, and Dalmatian. Hypospadia ís characterized by a defect in the fusion of the penile foreskin associated with persistent opening of the ventral urethral sulcus. Omphalocele is an abdominal wall defect, most common at the umbilical site, that may lead to evisceration of abdominal organs. Some dog breeds are suspected to have an hereditary predisposition to these conditions. but the etiology is still poorly understood and believed to be multífactorial. We report a case of omphalocele and hypospadia in a French Bulldog neonate on which euthanasia was performed.

Dentro de las malformaciones congénitas de los perros, se han relatado casos de hipospadia y onfalocele en cachorros de algunas razas como Pinscher, Buldog inglés, Buldog francés, Basenji y Dálmata. Estas alteraciones se caracterizan por una falla en la fusión del prepucio y en el cierre del turco uretral ventral(hipospadia), y por una falla en región umbilical que puede llevar a la evisceración de estructuras abdominales (onfalocele). La literatura relata un cierto carácter hereditário en algunas razas; no obstante se desconoce su etiologia, generalmente atribuída a múltiples factores. Este articulo relata un caso de onfalocele e hipospadia en un neonato de Bulldog francés que fue finalmente eutanasiado.

Espinha bífida aberta em bovino: primeiro relato no estado de Minas Gerais / Open spina bifida in calf: first report in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

Relatou-se um caso de espinha bífida aberta em uma bezerra de seis dias de idade que apresentava decúbito lateral permanente, pescoço em posição de opistótono, membros torácicos estendidos, impotência funcional dos membros pélvicos e fístulação na região lombar. Todos os achados clínicos, radiográficos e necroscópicos, descritos neste trabalho, são compatíveis com um quadro de espinha bífida aberta, sendo este o primeiro relato no estado de Minas Gerais.(AU)

A case of open spina bifida is reported in a six day old calf which presented permanent lateral decubitus, opisthotonus neck position, stretched forelimbs, non-functional impairment of the hindlimbs and fistula in the lumbar region. All clinical, radiographic and necropsy finds described in this work are consistent with an open spina bifida case. This is the first case report in Minas Gerais State, Brazil.(AU)

Spina bifida occulta in a black-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) / Espinha bífida oculta em um sagui-de-tufos-pretos (Callithrix penicillata)

Background: The black-tufted ear marmoset, Callithrix penicillata, is an endemic primate from Brazil, distributed among Cerrado and Atlantic Forest vegetation. Most of the congenital malformations from the spinal cord arises from failures in the neural tube closure. Those failures result in an opened dorsal arch of one or more vertebrae are referred as spina bifida. In the occulta form, the condition is asymptomatic because spinal cord and meninges remain in the normal position. When the meninges become distended with fluid (myelomeningocele), the phenomenon is called spina bifida cystica. In these cases, the spinal cord protrudes into the subarachnoid space and the nerve roots may become displaced, causing neurological deficits. When this defect allows leakage of cerebrospinal fluid through the skin, it is characterized as the open form. This article reports the findings of the first case of spina bifida occulta in an adult male of Callithrix penicillata collected dead in a brazilian highway.Case: A cadaver of a young-adult, male, black-tufted ear marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) was founded at km 103 of BR-116 highway in the city of Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The cadaver was necropsied at the Laboratory of Animal Anatomy from Universidade Castelo Branco, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During macroscopic evaluation it was possible to identify a normal b

Background: The black-tufted ear marmoset, Callithrix penicillata, is an endemic primate from Brazil, distributed among Cerrado and Atlantic Forest vegetation. Most of the congenital malformations from the spinal cord arises from failures in the neural tube closure. Those failures result in an opened dorsal arch of one or more vertebrae are referred as spina bifida. In the occulta form, the condition is asymptomatic because spinal cord and meninges remain in the normal position. When the meninges become distended with fluid (myelomeningocele), the phenomenon is called spina bifida cystica. In these cases, the spinal cord protrudes into the subarachnoid space and the nerve roots may become displaced, causing neurological deficits. When this defect allows leakage of cerebrospinal fluid through the skin, it is characterized as the open form. This article reports the findings of the first case of spina bifida occulta in an adult male of Callithrix penicillata collected dead in a brazilian highway.Case: A cadaver of a young-adult, male, black-tufted ear marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) was founded at km 103 of BR-116 highway in the city of Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The cadaver was necropsied at the Laboratory of Animal Anatomy from Universidade Castelo Branco, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During macroscopic evaluation it was possible to identify a normal b