Cutaneous pythiosis in equines in the Amazon Biome / Pitiose cutânea em equídeos no Bioma Amazônico

The study aimed to describe the clinicopathological aspects of 37 cases of pythiosis, 34 in horses and three in mules, from properties located in the Amazon biome of Pará, Brazil. The clinical signs observed in the animals were weakness, poor-to-regular nutritional status, pale mucous membranes, itching at the lesion site, and lameness when the limbs were affected. The lesions were located on the lips, nostrils, rib region, thoracic and abdominal walls, scapular, distal limbs, foreskin, perineum and udder. Macroscopically, ulcerative and granulation-tissue-like masses were observed, with fistulous tracts filled with yellowish and foul-smelling serosanguinous discharges. In the biopsy, it was possible to visualize white and firm areas with foci of yellowish necrotic material and hardened masses, called kunkers. The histopathological examination showed a pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction with the presence of Pythium insidiosum hyphae, which were impregnated with black, confirming the diagnosis of pythiosis in equids in the Amazon biome, being the first report of the disease in mules in the region.

O trabalho objetivou descrever os aspectos clínico-patológicos de 37 casos suspeitos de pitiose, 34 em equinos e três em muares, provenientes de propriedades localizadas no Pará, bioma amazônico brasileiro. Os sinais clínicos observados nos animais eram caracterizados por debilidade, estado nutricional de ruim a regular, mucosas pálidas, prurido no local da lesão, além de claudicação quando os membros foram acometidos. As lesões eram localizadas nos lábios, narinas, região das costelas, parede torácica e abdominal, escapular, distais dos membros, prepúcio, períneo e úbere. Macroscopicamente observavam-se extensas lesões ulceradas com intensa proliferação de tecido de granulação, de bordos irregulares, com tratos fistulosos, de consistência firme, denominados de "kunkers", preenchidos com material amarelado e friável, possuindo exsudação serossanguinolenta de odor fétido. Ao exame histopatológico observou-se reação inflamatória piogranulomatosa com presença de hifas de Pythium insidiosum, as quais se impregnaram de negro, confirmando o diagnóstico de pitiose em equídeos no Bioma Amazônico, sendo o primeiro relato da doença em muares na região.

High titers of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in apparently healthy dogs in the North Pioneer Mesoregion of the state of Paraná, Brazil / Títulos altos de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em cães aparentemente saudáveis da Mesoregião Norte Pioneiro do estado do Paraná, Brasil

Leishmaniasis is an anthropozoonosis with vector transmission, and knowledge regarding the occurrence of this parasitosis in sentinels can contribute to infection and disease control measures in humans. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of Leishmania exposure and infection in dogs from urban and rural areas in the North Pioneer Mesoregion of the state of Paraná, to evaluate possible risk factors, and to analyze the statistical agreement between the serological techniques that were used. Using a convenience sampling, serum and whole blood samples were collected to perform serological and molecular assays, respectively. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) identified 29/204 (14.2%) and 20/204 (9.8%) seropositive dogs, respectively. Five dogs (2.4%) were seropositive for both serological tests, and four dogs presented high titers in the IFAT. None of the samples tested positive for Leishmania spp. DNA according to polymerase chain reaction analysis. No factors were significantly associated with infection. Leishmania parasites circulate in urban and rural dogs in the North Pioneer Mesoregion of the state of Paraná. Despite the absence of clinical cases, seropositive animals with high antibody titers should serve as a warning to the local population that should be properly informed regarding the prevention.(AU)

A Leishmaniose é uma antropozoonose e sua transmissão ocorre através da picada de flebotomíneos de diferentes gêneros, dependendo da localização geográfica. O conhecimento sobre a ocorrência desta parasitose nos reservatórios pode colaborar com medidas de controle da infecção e doença nos humanos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar a ocorrência da infecção por Leishmania, em cães de áreas urbanas e rurais, na região da mesorregião Norte Pioneiro do Paraná; avaliar possíveis fatores de risco à infecção e analisar a concordância estatística entre as técnicas sorológicas utilizadas. Para tanto, foram colhidas 204 amostras de soro e sangue total de cães escolhidos aleatoriamente de municípios da mesorregião Norte Pioneiro do Paraná para a detecção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp., pelo ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), e para a detecção de DNA de Leishmania spp. pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR). Dos 204 cães testados, 29 (14,2%) e 20 (9,8%) foram soropositivos pelo ELISA e RIFI, respectivamente. Cinco cães (2,4%) foram soropositivos em ambos os testes sorológicos. Não foram observados fatores abióticos e bióticos associados à infecção. A concordância entre as técnicas diagnósticas calculada por Kappa foi de 0,34. Conclui-se que, apesar da baixa ocorrência de positividade para leishmaniose e da ausência de casos sintomáticos, os resultados deste estudo devem ser um alerta para a população local por se tratar de uma importante zoonose e, portanto, medidas de prevenção e controle não devem ser negligenciadas.(AU)

Southern Brazilian geographic distribution of Migonemyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae), a putative vector of Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae): a systematic review / Distribuição geográfica sul brasileira de Migonemyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae), um vetor putativo de Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae): uma revisão sistemática

This systematic review gathered information on the spatial distribution in southern Brazil of the sandfly Migonemyia migonei, a possible vector of Leishmania species that cause visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Articles were searched from the PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using the keywords: "Migonemyia migonei AND Paraná", "Migonemyia migonei AND Santa Catarina", "Migonemyia migonei AND Rio Grande do Sul", "phlebotomine AND Parana", " flebotomíneo AND Paraná" and "sandfly AND Paraná", "phlebotomine AND Santa Catarina;", " flebotomíneo AND Santa Catarina" and "sandfly AND Santa Catarina", "phlebotomine AND Rio Grande do Sul;", " flebotomíneo AND Rio Grande do Sul", and "sandfly AND Rio Grande do Sul". The initial search identified 322 articles that met the selection criteria. Empty files or duplicated were then excluded. The titles were screened, and the full texts were obtained. This review included 36 articles, covering 72 of the 399 (18.04%) municipalities in Paraná state, one of the 295 (0.33%) in Santa Catarina, and two of the 497 (0.40%) in Rio Grande do Sul. Mg. migonei was found in 54 municipalities of Paraná state, in one municipality of Santa Catarina, and in one of Rio Grande do Sul. Based on the wide distribution of Mg. migonei in the municipalities of Paraná, greater monitoring is required regarding cases of VL in humans and animals in this region, in addition to epidemiological investigations of these cases of suspected autochthony, as well as increased prevention and control efforts. More studies on VL are required in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul.

Esta revisão sistemática reuniu informações sobre a distribuição espacial no sul do Brasil do flebotomíneo Migonemyia migonei, um possível vetor de espécies de Leishmania causadoras da leishmaniose visceral (LV). Os artigos foram pesquisados nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science e Scopus usando as palavras-chave: "Migonemyia migonei AND Paraná", "Migonemyia migonei AND Santa Catarina", "Migonemyia migonei AND Rio Grande do Sul", "phlebotomine AND Parana" , "flebotomíneo AND Paraná" e "flebotomíneo AND Paraná", "flebotomíneo AND Santa Catarina;", "flebotomíneo AND Santa Catarina" e "flebotomíneo AND Santa Catarina", "flebotomíneo AND Rio Grande do Sul;", "flebotomíneo AND Rio Grande do Sul" e "sandfly AND Rio Grande do Sul". A busca inicial identificou 322 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de seleção. Em seguida, arquivos vazios ou duplicados foram excluídos. Os títulos foram triados e os textos completos foram obtidos. Esta revisão incluiu 36 artigos, abrangendo 72 dos 399 (18,04%) municípios do Paraná, um dos 295 (0,33%) de Santa Catarina, dois dos 497 (0,40%) do Rio Grande do Sul. Mg. migonei foi encontrado em 54 municípios do Paraná estado, em um município de Santa Catarina e em um do Rio Gr ande do Sul. Com base na ampla distribuição de Mg. migonei nos municípios paranaenses, é necessária maior atenção quanto aos casos de LV em humanos e animais, além de investigações epidemiológicas desses casos de suspeita de autoctonia, bem como maiores esforços de prevenção e controle. Mais estudos são necessários em Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul.

Application of Euphorbia tirucalli sap in sarcoid treatment in horses: case report / Aplicação da seiva de Euphorbia tirucalli no tratamento de sarcoide em equinos: relato de caso

Sarcoid is the most common cutaneous neoplasm in horses, with no established therapy, due to the variable neoplastic manifestation and the oscillating individual response to therapies. The Euphorbia tirucalli plant, known as Aveloz, has terpenes and sterols in its latex with antitumor activity, being widely used in popular medicine. Eight horses were referred to the Veterinary Hospital diagnosed with sarcoid, and they were treated only with an aqueous solution containing Euphorbia tirucalli. The most common location of tumors was base of the ear and pectoral; seven of the eight animals had tumors in more than one region. The intratumoral injection containing the sap of Aveloz was applied until the tumor became turgent, visualizing blackening, dryness, and a detachment of the sarcoid in 24 to 72 hours. The use of Euphorbia tirucalli sap showed 87.5% efficacy in the treatment of sarcoids and adverse effects were observed in the seven animals in which the technique was effective. The treated horses were evaluated for three months to seven years, and none had tumor recurrences. The intralesional application of Euphorbia tirucalli sap has been proved to be effective, safe, and low-cost in the treatment of sarcoid in horses, being a viable alternative for this type of cutaneous neoplasm.

O sarcoide é a neoplasia cutânea mais comum nos equinos, não apresentando uma terapêutica estabelecida, devido à variável manifestação neoplásica e à oscilante resposta individual às terapias. A planta Euphorbia tirucalli, conhecida como Aveloz, possui em sua seiva terpenos e esteróis com atividade antitumoral, sendo amplamente empregada na medicina popular. Foram atendidos, no Hospital Veterinário, oito animais diagnosticados com sarcoide e tratados unicamente com a solução aquosa contendo a seiva de Euphorbia tirucalli. As regiões predominantemente acometidas pelos tumores eram base de orelha e peitoral; sete dos oito animais apresentaram tumores em mais de uma região. A injeção intratumoral contendo Aveloz foi aplicada até a turgência do tumor, visualizando-se, em 24 a 72 horas, o enegrecimento, o ressecamento e o desprendimento do sarcoide. O uso da seiva de Euphorbia tirucalli apresentou 87,5% de eficácia no tratamento de sarcoide, e foram observados efeitos adversos nos sete animais em que a técnica se mostrou eficaz. Os equinos tratados foram acompanhados no intervalo de três mês a sete anos e nenhum apresentou recidivas do tumor. A aplicação intralesional da seiva da Euphorbia tirucalli se apresentou eficaz, segura e de baixo custo no tratamento de sarcoide em equinos, sendo uma alternativa viável para esse tipo de neoplasia cutânea.

Sarcoide em equinos - tratamento com associação de Aciclovir e excisão cirúrgica / Equine sarcoids - treatment with a combination of Acyclovir and surgical excision

Background: Sarcoids are the most frequent skin tumors among horses, causing serious lesions due to their different shapes, sizes, degree of invasiveness and distribution on the body. The pathogenesis of sarcoids is multifactorial, with genetic, viral and environmental involvement, making their treatment complex. The aggressiveness and high rate of recurrence of sarcoids makes it difficult to use an effective treatment, which is why there are several therapeutic routes described in the literature. Aiming to describe and expand sarcoid treatments, this paper reports on the use of acyclovir in the treatment of this type of tumor. Cases: Four horses sent to the Large Animal Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras - UFLA were diagnosed and treated for sarcoids. Case 1. Lesions on the right ear, region of the masseter muscle of the right side of the face, neck, vulva and medial aspect of the left pelvic limb. Case 2. Lesion in the left groin region. Case 3. Lesions on the face, masseter muscle region on the left side, mandibular region and right ear pinna. Case 4. Lesion in the lateral region of the left pelvic limb, close to the tarsometatarsal joint. All horses had a diagnosis of sarcoid, which was confirmed by histopathological examination of material collected after surgical excision. Macroscopically, the neoplastic lesions were classified as fibroblastic, verrucous and nodular. The tumors exhibited irregular surfaces, keratinization, and a firm consistency. Their surfaces were alopecic, slightly rough, some of them were ulcerated, and their color ranged from greyish to rosy and reddish. All the tumor masses were surgically excised from the 4 horses, and one sarcoid was treated by thermal cauterization with liquid nitrogen due to the lesion's depth and size. In most cases, the sarcoid removal sites were closed with sutures. Only 2 lesions were not sutured due to the impossibility of bringing the edges of tissue close together, or due to proximity to the tarsometatarsal joint. The surgical wounds were cleaned twice a day with sterile saline solution followed by the topical application of Acyclovir. One of the animals received complementary therapy with Cimetidine. Discussion: The equines recovered completely from their sarcoid treatment, and no recurrences were reported a year later. Thus, the combination of treatments employed for the extirpation of sarcoids proved to have greater chances of success. First, all the tumors were surgically removed with the largest possible margins of safety in order to ensure the elimination of neoplastic cells. In the postoperative period, all the animals received topical treatment of the lesions with acyclovir after surgical resection of the tumors. The drug aided the complete healing of post-surgical wounds, and healing time varied according to the size and depth of the lesion. One tumor was treated with liquid nitrogen after surgical excision of the sarcoid. Another horse was treated with cimetidine over a 3-month period after surgical excision of the neoplasm in order to reduce the sarcoid and prevent its evolution. Surgical excision of the sarcoid associated with topical application of acyclovir ointment showed satisfactory results. Moreover, the combination of surgical excision and administration of liquid nitrogen on the lesion and topical application of acyclovir ointment in the postoperative period also provided good results. Given the complexity of sarcoid treatment and the high recurrence rate of these tumors, the use of combined treatments should be taken into account.

Larvas de helmintos no solo de praças públicas de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil / Helminth larvae in the soil of public squares in Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil / Larvas de helmintos en el suelo de plazas públicas en Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil

Solos de praças públicas são comumente contaminados por helmintos devido ao fácil acesso de cães e gatos infectados. Esses animais ao defecarem podem liberar ovos desses parasitos e, em condições ambientais favoráveis, tornam-se ovos embrionados ou larvas infectantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a existência de larvas de helmintos no solo de duas praças públicas do município de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil, durante a estação chuvosa e seca na região. A pesquisa foi realizada em março de 2018, considerado período chuvoso, e em outubro do mesmo ano, período seco, sendo que foram coletadas trinta amostras de areia, quinze de cada praça, nos dois períodos do ano. O material foi coletado e levado para o Laboratório de Parasitologia do Departamento de Parasitologia e Microbiologia da Universidade Federal do Piauí para análise. Na estação chuvosa, das quinze amostras analisadas na praça A, cinco foram positivas para larvas de ancilostomídeos e das quinze na praça B, três estavam contaminadas com os mesmos helmintos. No período seco, na praça A havia apenas uma amostra com essas larvas e na praça B não foram encontrados parasitos. Os resultados revelaram a presença de larvas de helmintos de caráter zoonótico no solo de praças públicas de Caxias, Maranhão, principalmente no período chuvoso, servindo de alerta à população local.(AU)

Soil in public squares is commonly contaminated by helminths due to the easy access of infected dogs and cats. These animals, when defecating, can release helminth eggs and, under favorable environmental conditions, those eggs can become embryonated or infective larvae. The purpose of this work was to investigate the existence of helminth larvae in the soil of two public squares in the city of Caxias, in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, during the rainy and dry seasons in the region. The study was carried out in March 2018, which is considered the rainy season, and in October of the same year, the dry season. A total of thirty sand samples were collected, fifteen from each square, in both periods of the year. The material was collected and taken to the Parasitology Laboratory of the Department of Parasitology and Microbiology of the Federal University of Piauí for analysis. In the rainy season, from the fifteen samples analyzed in square A, five were positive for hookworm larvae; and from the fifteen samples collected from square B, three were contaminated with the same helminths. During the dry period, only one sample from square A presented these larvae while no parasites were found in square B. The results revealed the presence of zoonotic helminth larvae in the soil of public squares in Caxias, Maranhão, mainly in the rainy season, which can be used as a warning sign to the local population.(AU)

Los suelos de las plazas públicas son comúnmente contaminados por helmintos debido al fácil acceso de perros y gatos infectados. Esos animales, al defecar, pueden liberar huevos de esos parásitos y, en condiciones ambientales favorables, convertirse en huevos embrionados o larvas infectantes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la existencia de larvas de helmintos en el suelo de dos plazas públicas de la ciudad de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil, durante la estación lluviosa y seca de la región. La investigación se realizó en marzo de 2018, considerada época de lluvias, y en octubre del mismo año, época seca, y se recolectaron treinta muestras de arena, quince de cada plaza, en ambos períodos del año. El material fue recolectado y llevado al Laboratorio de Parasitología del Departamento de Parasitología y Microbiología de la Universidad Federal de Piauí para su análisis. En época de lluvias, de las quince muestras analizadas en la plaza A, cinco resultaron positivas a larvas de anquilostomiasis y de las quince de la plaza B, tres estaban contaminadas con los mismos helmintos. En el período poco lluvioso, en la plaza A solo hubo una muestra con esas larvas y en la plaza B no se encontraron parásitos. Los resultados revelaron la presencia de larvas de helmintos zoonóticos en el suelo de las plazas públicas de Caxias, Maranhão, principalmente en la época de lluvias, sirviendo de alerta a la población local.(AU)

Fibroma cutâneo atípico em uma vaca / Atypical cutaneous fibroma in a cow

Background: Cutaneous fibroma is a benign neoplasm affecting the fibroblasts and collagen matrix that develops in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. This neoplasm is uncommon in cattle, and few reports have described the treatment and resolution of this neoplasm. Despite its benign character, a veterinarian should consider cutaneous fibroma in the differential diagnosis of skin tumors. This report aims to describe a rare case of large fibroma in the scapular region in a cow, with emphasis on the clinical-surgical and anatomopathological aspects of the condition. Case: A 3-year-old Girolando 3/4 cow was attended to at a rural property in Lagamar-MG, Brazil. According to the owner, the animal presented with a small mass in the right scapular region that grew progressively over 1 year and 6 months. Clinical examination revealed an exuberant and painless increase in volume on palpation in the proximal region of the right thoracic limb, which, in its vertical axis, extended from the proximal end of the scapula to near the olecranon tuberosity, and, in its horizontal axis, extended from the 6th intercostal space to the scapulohumeral joint, reaching the dimensions 66 cm and 62 cm, respectively. It presented with multiple nodules that were firm in consistency with extensive areas of ulceration. Neoplasia was suspected, and surgical excision was decided upon. The cow was sedated and restrained in the left lateral decubitus position. Trichotomy and antisepsis of the operative field were performed followed by an infiltrative anesthetic block around the tumor. The tumor was excised maintaining a safety margin of 1 cm. Dermorrhaphy was not possible, and healing by secondary intention was awaited. In the postoperative period, antibiotic therapy with benzathine penicillin, analgesia with meloxicamand dipyrone and daily dressing of the wound were performed. There were no postoperative complications and complete healing occurred approximately 100 days after surgery. One year after the surgical procedure, the owner reported that the cow did not present with recurrence of the neoplasm. The resected tumor weighed 11.2 kg, and, when cut, presented with solid conformation and whitish coloration. Tumor fragments were harvested, fixed in 10% formalin, and sent for histopathological examination, which revealed neoproliferation of remarkable cellular density composed of dense, well vascularized fibrocollagenous connective tissue arranged in multidirectional bundles and undulating pattern. Mild cellular pleomorphism was identified, and no mitosis figures were observed. Alcian blue staining was negative for mucopolysaccharides, differing from Masson's trichrome staining, which widely stained the fibrocollagenous tissue blue. In view of these findings, the diagnosis of cutaneous fibroma was confirmed. Discussion: Cutaneous fibromas are benign neoplasms of fibrous tissue, and they are uncommon in cattle and may be associated with bovine papillomavirus and/or trauma. Although the origin of cutaneous fibroma is not clear, the present report stands out due to the large size of the tumor mass. The complete healing of the surgical wound, the absence of recurrence one year after surgery and the return of the animal to dairy production demonstrate that the surgical treatment was adequate. The macro- and microscopic characteristics of the cutaneous fibroma in this case corroborate with other cases reported in the literature. Large cutaneous fibroma is uncommon in bovines, and may hinder surgical excision and prolong healing time, as well as the complete recovery of the animal. Moreover, the differential diagnosis with other neoplasms of fibroblastic origin is relevant, especially for those with malignant biological behavior, such as fibrosarcoma and myxosarcoma.

In situ cellular immune response in non-ulcerated skin lesions due to Leishmania (L) infantum chagasi infection

Skin lesions of patients affected by non-ulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi are characterized by lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate associated with epithelioid granuloma and scarce parasitism. However, the in situ cellular immune response of these patients is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the cellular immune response in the skin lesions of patients affected by NUCL. Methods Twenty biopsies were processed by immunohistochemistry using primary antibodies to T lymphocytes (CD4, CD8), NK cells, B lymphocytes, macrophages, nitric oxide synthase and interferon-gamma. Results Immunohistochemistry revealed higher expression of all cellular types and molecules (IFN-γ, iNOS) in the dermis of diseased skin compared to the skin of healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Morphometric analysis performed in the skin lesions sections showed the predominance of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the mononuclear infiltrate, followed by macrophages, mostly iNOS+, a response that could be mediated by IFN-γ. Conclusion Our study improves knowledge of the cellular immune response in non-ulcerated or atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi in Central America and pointed to the pivotal participation of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the host defense mechanisms against the parasite in patients with NUCL.(AU)

In situ cellular immune response in non-ulcerated skin lesions due to Leishmania (L) infantum chagasi infection

Skin lesions of patients affected by non-ulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi are characterized by lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate associated with epithelioid granuloma and scarce parasitism. However, the in situ cellular immune response of these patients is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the cellular immune response in the skin lesions of patients affected by NUCL. Methods Twenty biopsies were processed by immunohistochemistry using primary antibodies to T lymphocytes (CD4, CD8), NK cells, B lymphocytes, macrophages, nitric oxide synthase and interferon-gamma. Results Immunohistochemistry revealed higher expression of all cellular types and molecules (IFN-γ, iNOS) in the dermis of diseased skin compared to the skin of healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Morphometric analysis performed in the skin lesions sections showed the predominance of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the mononuclear infiltrate, followed by macrophages, mostly iNOS+, a response that could be mediated by IFN-γ. Conclusion Our study improves knowledge of the cellular immune response in non-ulcerated or atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi in Central America and pointed to the pivotal participation of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the host defense mechanisms against the parasite in patients with NUCL.(AU)

Dermatopatia isquêmica juvenil em um cão / Juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy in a dog

Background: Juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy is a rare dermatosis in dogs. Reports on this condition are scarce inthe literature, and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This disease consists of a set of alterations that exhibit similarclinical and histological characteristics, and which are associated with cutaneous vasculopathic processes. Consequently,this case report describes the clinical case of a dog diagnosed with juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy.Case: A 9-month-old female mongrel dog exhibited significant tegumentary alterations, while other contact animals (siblingsand mother) did not. The patient history did not contain a complete record of vaccines, and included previous therapeuticfailures. A general skin examination revealed the presence of erythematous lesions containing crusts and erosions associated with extended areas with alopecia, especially in the ears, nose, and tail. Therefore, skin cytology and a parasitologicalexamination of the skin and cerumen were performed. These tests revealed the presence of neutrophilic inflammatoryprocess, bacterial inflammation, and various yeast-like structures compatible with Malassezia sp. The parasitological examination of the cerumen revealed the presence of numerous mites of the Otodectes cynotis species. Consequently, the dogreceived a treatment that included amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate, itraconazole, therapeutic baths with a shampoocontaining chlorhexidine and miconazole, and an antiparasitic medication containing sarolaner, which was administeredonce every 35 days. Thirty days later, the patient returned with a significant improvement of the lesions, except those inthe ears and tail; consequently, material from these two body areas was submitted to histopathological examination, andadditional tests were performed to allow differential diagnosis. The histopathological report indicated the existence of...

Dermatopatia isquêmica juvenil em um cão / Juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy in a dog

Background: Juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy is a rare dermatosis in dogs. Reports on this condition are scarce inthe literature, and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This disease consists of a set of alterations that exhibit similarclinical and histological characteristics, and which are associated with cutaneous vasculopathic processes. Consequently,this case report describes the clinical case of a dog diagnosed with juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy.Case: A 9-month-old female mongrel dog exhibited significant tegumentary alterations, while other contact animals (siblingsand mother) did not. The patient history did not contain a complete record of vaccines, and included previous therapeuticfailures. A general skin examination revealed the presence of erythematous lesions containing crusts and erosions associated with extended areas with alopecia, especially in the ears, nose, and tail. Therefore, skin cytology and a parasitologicalexamination of the skin and cerumen were performed. These tests revealed the presence of neutrophilic inflammatoryprocess, bacterial inflammation, and various yeast-like structures compatible with Malassezia sp. The parasitological examination of the cerumen revealed the presence of numerous mites of the Otodectes cynotis species. Consequently, the dogreceived a treatment that included amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate, itraconazole, therapeutic baths with a shampoocontaining chlorhexidine and miconazole, and an antiparasitic medication containing sarolaner, which was administeredonce every 35 days. Thirty days later, the patient returned with a significant improvement of the lesions, except those inthe ears and tail; consequently, material from these two body areas was submitted to histopathological examination, andadditional tests were performed to allow differential diagnosis. The histopathological report indicated the existence of...(AU)

Accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography for detecting malignancy in canine cutaneous neoplasms: preliminary results

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to verify the applicability and accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography in detecting malignancy in dog cutaneous neoplasms. Forty-two neoplasms (12 benign and 30 malignant) of mesenchymal, round cells, epithelial and melanocytic origins from 24 dogs of different breeds and ages were included. The ultrasound evaluation was performed with a linear multi-frequency transducer (7.0 to 12MHz), with frequency dependent on the mass dimension. Ultrasonographic characteristics of echogenicity (hypo/hyperechogenic), echotexture (homogeneous/heterogeneous), regularity, invasiveness in adjacent tissues were classified. Dimensions were also measured to calculate the depth/width ratio. Neoplasms were classified as malignant or benign after cytological and/or histopathological analysis and the results were associated with ultrasound characteristics. There was a significant association (P 0.05) between malignancy and echogenicity, echotexture and invasiveness in adjacent tissues, so that 84.6% of hypoechogenic neoplasms, 76.9% of heterogeneous masses and 88.2% of invasive neoplasms were classified as malignant. However, for all these associations, moderate predictive values were obtained, which may be due to the small experimental number included in this study. Therefore, although it has been observed that hypoechogenic, heterogeneous and invasive neoplasms were more prone to malignancy, these findings should be used with caution until new studies are developed with a greater number and variety of cutaneous neoplasms in dogs.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a aplicabilidade e acurácia da ultrassonografia modo-B na detecção de malignidade em neoplasmas cutâneos de cães. Foram incluídos 42 neoplasmas (12 benignos e 30 malignos) de origens mesenquimal, células redondas, epitelial e melanocítica provenientes de 24 cães de diferentes raças e idades. O exame ultrassonográfico foi realizado com transdutor linear multifrequencial (7.0 a 12MHz), com frequência dependente da dimensão da massa. Foram classificadas características ultrassonográficas de ecogenicidade (hipo/hiperecogênicos), ecotextura (homogêneos/heterogêneos), regularidade, invasividade em tecidos adjacentes. As dimensões foram mensuradas para cálculo da razão profundidade/largura. Os neoplasmas foram classificados como malignos ou benignos após análise cito e/ou histopatológica e os resultados foram associados com as características ultrassonográficas. Verificou-se associação significativa (P 0.05) entre malignidade e ecogenicidade, ecotextura e invasividade em tecidos adjacentes, de forma que 84.6% dos neoplasmas hipoecogênicos, 76.9% das massas heterogêneas e 88.2% dos neoplasmas invasivos foram classificados como malignos. Entretanto, para todas essas associações, foram obtidos valores preditivos moderados, que podem ser decorrentes do baixo número experimental incluso neste estudo. Sendo assim, embora tenha sido observado que os neoplasmas hipoecogênicos, heterogêneos e invasivos tiveram maior propensão à malignidade, esses achados devem ser utilizados com cautela até novos trabalhos sejam desenvolvidos com maior número e variedade de neoplasmas cutâneos de cães.

Accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography for detecting malignancy in canine cutaneous neoplasms: preliminary results / Acurácia da ultrassonografia modo-B na detecção de malignidade em neoplasmas cutâneos de caninos: resultados preliminares

The aim of this study was to verify the applicability and accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography in detecting malignancy in dog cutaneous neoplasms. Forty-two neoplasms (12 benign and 30 malignant) of mesenchymal, round cells, epithelial and melanocytic origins from 24 dogs of different breeds and ages were included. The ultrasound evaluation was performed with a linear multi-frequency transducer (7.0 to 12MHz), with frequency dependent on the mass dimension. Ultrasonographic characteristics of echogenicity (hypo/hyperechogenic), echotexture (homogeneous/heterogeneous), regularity, invasiveness in adjacent tissues were classified. Dimensions were also measured to calculate the depth/width ratio. Neoplasms were classified as malignant or benign after cytological and/or histopathological analysis and the results were associated with ultrasound characteristics. There was a significant association (P<0.05) between malignancy and echogenicity, echotexture and invasiveness in adjacent tissues, so that 84.6% of hypoechogenic neoplasms, 76.9% of heterogeneous masses and 88.2% of invasive neoplasms were classified as malignant. However, for all these associations, moderate predictive values were obtained, which may be due to the small experimental number included in this study. Therefore, although it has been observed that hypoechogenic, heterogeneous and invasive neoplasms were more prone to malignancy, these findings should be used with caution until new studies are developed with a greater number and variety of cutaneous neoplasms in dogs.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a aplicabilidade e acurácia da ultrassonografia modo-B na detecção de malignidade em neoplasmas cutâneos de cães. Foram incluídos 42 neoplasmas (12 benignos e 30 malignos) de origens mesenquimal, células redondas, epitelial e melanocítica provenientes de 24 cães de diferentes raças e idades. O exame ultrassonográfico foi realizado com transdutor linear multifrequencial (7.0 a 12MHz), com frequência dependente da dimensão da massa. Foram classificadas características ultrassonográficas de ecogenicidade (hipo/hiperecogênicos), ecotextura (homogêneos/heterogêneos), regularidade, invasividade em tecidos adjacentes. As dimensões foram mensuradas para cálculo da razão profundidade/largura. Os neoplasmas foram classificados como malignos ou benignos após análise cito e/ou histopatológica e os resultados foram associados com as características ultrassonográficas. Verificou-se associação significativa (P<0.05) entre malignidade e ecogenicidade, ecotextura e invasividade em tecidos adjacentes, de forma que 84.6% dos neoplasmas hipoecogênicos, 76.9% das massas heterogêneas e 88.2% dos neoplasmas invasivos foram classificados como malignos. Entretanto, para todas essas associações, foram obtidos valores preditivos moderados, que podem ser decorrentes do baixo número experimental incluso neste estudo. Sendo assim, embora tenha sido observado que os neoplasmas hipoecogênicos, heterogêneos e invasivos tiveram maior propensão à malignidade, esses achados devem ser utilizados com cautela até novos trabalhos sejam desenvolvidos com maior número e variedade de neoplasmas cutâneos de cães.(AU)

Pulmonary metastasis of transmissible venereal tumour in a dog: a case report / Metastase pulmonar de tumor venéreo transmissível em um cão: relato de caso

The transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is one of the most frequent neoplasias in dogs. This tumour has specific characteristics, and it is exclusively of canines. Its transmission occurs through viable neoplastic cell transplantation when in contact with mucosa or unhealthy skin and rarely metastasise. This paper aims to report a rare presentation of pulmonary metastasis of widespread transmissible venereal tumours in a Blue Heeler dog. The patient was cachectic, dyspnoeic, and dehydrated and had multiple skin and pharynx nodulations. The cytology of all cutaneous nodulations showed round vacuolated cells with large eccentric nuclei and loose chromatin, which is compatible with TVT’s microscopic characteristics. Owing to the clinical evolution and reserved prognosis, the patient was euthanized. Necroscopy revealed a mass in the right pulmonary caudal lobe. The mass showed the same histopathologic characteristic of the others: not encapsulated infiltrative neoplastic proliferation of round vacuolated cells. The atypical manifestation of cutaneous metastasis and mainly pulmonary metastasis, in this case, denote the importance of TVT inclusion as a differential in cutaneous neoplasia, even if they show distant organ metastasis. Therefore, it emphasised the importance of cytology and histology in the diagnosis of nodular affections.

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma das neoplasias mais frequentes em cães. Com características específi-cas, esse tumor é exclusivo da espécie canina. Sua transmição acontece através da transplantação de células neoplásicas viáveis quando em contato com mucosas ou pele não íntegra, raramente ocorrendo metástases. Este trabalho visa relatar a apresen-tação rara de metástase pulmonar de tumor venéreo transmissível generalizado em um cão Blue Heeler. O paciente apresen-tava-se caquético, dispneico, desidratado e com diversas nodulações cutâneas e em faringe. A citologia de todas as nodulações cutâneas evidenciaram células redondas vacuolizadas, com núcleo excêntrico grande e cromatina frouxa, compatível com as características microscópicas de TVT. Em decorrência da evolução clínica e prognóstico reservado, o paciente foi eutanasiado. No exame macroscópico foi evidenciado massa em lobo caudal do pulmão direito com as mesmas características histopatoló-gicas dos demais nódulos, proliferação neoplásica de células redondas vacuolizadas infiltrativas não encapsuladas. A manifes-tação atípica de metástases cutâneas e principalmente pulmonar neste caso denota a importância da inclusão do TVT como diferencial de neoplasias cutâneas mesmo com metástase em órgãos. Com isso ressalta-sea importância de exames de citopa-tologia e histopatologia no diagnóstico de afecções nodulares.

Granuloma lepróide canino em Mineiros região Centro-Oeste do Brasil / Canine leproid granuloma in mineiros city Mid-West region of Brazil

Background: Among the bacterial dermopathy the canine leproid granuloma (CLG) is a nodular pyogranulomatous disorder that affects the skin or subcutaneous tissue mainly in the dorsal face of ear pinna, head, and extremity of memberscaused by Mycobacterium spp. The pathogenicity is still not well clarified regarding the causative agent, which has notyet been completely typified, but phylogenetically, it is related to Mycobacterium tilburgii, M. simiae, and M. genavense,in Brazil, by the species M. murphy. The objective of this study is to report a case of canine leproid granuloma, throughcytology and histopathology, and present the therapeutic procedures until the regression of cutaneous lesion.Case: A 5-year-old Boxer breed, intac male weighing 32 kg, was assisted at the Veterinary Clinic of UNIFIMES, in MineirosCity, Mid-West Region of Brazil, GO, Brazil. The animal had 4 nodules in the ears with evolution of 30 days, with nopruritus and without previous treatment. During the physical exam, the animal had normal physiological parameters. Thecutaneous lesions were characterised by papules and alopecic nodules of firm to fibroelastic consistency, with progressiveincrease, located in the convex face of the ears. The fine needle aspiration puncture technique (FNAP) and histopathologyfor a definitive diagnosis was used, allowing the differentiation between inflammatory processes, infectious and neoplastic. Furthermore, blood was collected for hemogram and biochemical analysis for the assessment of renal and hepaticfunctions. In cytology, the stained blades by the Diff-quick stain in the microscopic exam had elevated cellularity, withseveral macrophages, and bacilliform structures in the negative image. Staining was also conducted....

Pulmonary metastasis of transmissible venereal tumour in a dog: a case report / Metastase pulmonar de tumor venéreo transmissível em um cão: relato de caso

The transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is one of the most frequent neoplasias in dogs. This tumour has specific characteristics, and it is exclusively of canines. Its transmission occurs through viable neoplastic cell transplantation when in contact with mucosa or unhealthy skin and rarely metastasise. This paper aims to report a rare presentation of pulmonary metastasis of widespread transmissible venereal tumours in a Blue Heeler dog. The patient was cachectic, dyspnoeic, and dehydrated and had multiple skin and pharynx nodulations. The cytology of all cutaneous nodulations showed round vacuolated cells with large eccentric nuclei and loose chromatin, which is compatible with TVTs microscopic characteristics. Owing to the clinical evolution and reserved prognosis, the patient was euthanized. Necroscopy revealed a mass in the right pulmonary caudal lobe. The mass showed the same histopathologic characteristic of the others: not encapsulated infiltrative neoplastic proliferation of round vacuolated cells. The atypical manifestation of cutaneous metastasis and mainly pulmonary metastasis, in this case, denote the importance of TVT inclusion as a differential in cutaneous neoplasia, even if they show distant organ metastasis. Therefore, it emphasised the importance of cytology and histology in the diagnosis of nodular affections.(AU)

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma das neoplasias mais frequentes em cães. Com características específi-cas, esse tumor é exclusivo da espécie canina. Sua transmição acontece através da transplantação de células neoplásicas viáveis quando em contato com mucosas ou pele não íntegra, raramente ocorrendo metástases. Este trabalho visa relatar a apresen-tação rara de metástase pulmonar de tumor venéreo transmissível generalizado em um cão Blue Heeler. O paciente apresen-tava-se caquético, dispneico, desidratado e com diversas nodulações cutâneas e em faringe. A citologia de todas as nodulações cutâneas evidenciaram células redondas vacuolizadas, com núcleo excêntrico grande e cromatina frouxa, compatível com as características microscópicas de TVT. Em decorrência da evolução clínica e prognóstico reservado, o paciente foi eutanasiado. No exame macroscópico foi evidenciado massa em lobo caudal do pulmão direito com as mesmas características histopatoló-gicas dos demais nódulos, proliferação neoplásica de células redondas vacuolizadas infiltrativas não encapsuladas. A manifes-tação atípica de metástases cutâneas e principalmente pulmonar neste caso denota a importância da inclusão do TVT como diferencial de neoplasias cutâneas mesmo com metástase em órgãos. Com isso ressalta-sea importância de exames de citopa-tologia e histopatologia no diagnóstico de afecções nodulares.(AU)

Clinical, epidemiological and climatic factors related to the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in northeastern Brazil / Fatores clínicos, epidemiológicos e climáticos relacionados à ocorrência de leishmaniose cutânea em área endêmica no nordeste do Brasil

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with a wide distribution in the Americas. Brazil is an endemic country and present cases in all states. This study aimed to describe the occurrence, the underlying clinical and epidemiological factors, and the correlation of climatic variables with the frequency of reported CL cases in the municipality of Caxias, state of Maranhão, Brazil. This is a retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study based on data extracted from the Brazilian Information System of Diseases Notification, from 2007 to 2017. Maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and relative air humidity data were provided by the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. A total of 201 reported autochthonous CL cases were analyzed. The predominance of cases was observed in males (70.1%). The age range between 31 and 60 years old was the most affected, with 96 cases (47.9%). Of the total number of registered cases, 38.8% of the affected individuals were engaged in agriculture-related activities. The georeferenced distribution revealed the heterogeneity of disease occurrence, with cases concentrated in the Western and Southern regions of the municipality. An association was detected between relative air humidity (monthly mean) and the number of CL cases per month (p = 0.04). CL continues to be a concerning public health issue in Caxias. In this context, there is a pressing need to strengthen measures of prevention and control of the disease through the network of health services of the municipality, considering local and regional particularities.(AU)

A leishmaniose cutânea (CL) é uma doença tropical negligenciada, com ampla distribuição nas Américas. O Brasil é um país endêmico e apresenta casos em todos os estados. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a ocorrência, os fatores clínicos e epidemiológicos subjacentes e a correlação de variáveis climáticas com a frequência de casos de CL notificados no município de Caxias, estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Este é um estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo e descritivo, com base em dados extraídos da Notificação do Sistema Brasileiro de Informação de Doenças, de 2007 a 2017. Dados máximos e mínimos de temperatura, precipitação e umidade relativa do ar foram fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Foram analisados 201 casos de CL autóctones relatados. A predominância de casos foi observada no sexo masculino (70,1%). A faixa etária entre 31 e 60 anos foi a mais afetada, com 96 casos (47,9%). Do número total de casos registrados, 38,8% dos indivíduos afetados estavam envolvidos em atividades relacionadas à agricultura. A distribuição georreferenciada revelou a heterogeneidade da ocorrência da doença, com casos concentrados nas regiões oeste e sul do município. Foi detectada associação entre a umidade relativa do ar (média mensal) e o número de casos de CL por mês (p = 0,04). O CL continua sendo uma questão preocupante de saúde pública em Caxias. Nesse contexto, há uma necessidade premente de fortalecer medidas de prevenção e controle da doença por meio da rede de serviços de saúde do município, considerando as particularidades locais e regionais.(AU)

Accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography for detecting malignancy in canine cutaneous neoplasms: preliminary results / Acurácia da ultrassonografia modo-B na detecção de malignidade em neoplasmas cutâneos de caninos: resultados preliminares

The aim of this study was to verify the applicability and accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography in detecting malignancy in dog cutaneous neoplasms. Forty-two neoplasms (12 benign and 30 malignant) of mesenchymal, round cells, epithelial and melanocytic origins from 24 dogs of different breeds and ages were included. The ultrasound evaluation was performed with a linear multi-frequency transducer (7.0 to 12MHz), with frequency dependent on the mass dimension. Ultrasonographic characteristics of echogenicity (hypo/hyperechogenic), echotexture (homogeneous/heterogeneous), regularity, invasiveness in adjacent tissues were classified. Dimensions were also measured to calculate the depth/width ratio. Neoplasms were classified as malignant or benign after cytological and/or histopathological analysis and the results were associated with ultrasound characteristics. There was a significant association (P<0.05) between malignancy and echogenicity, echotexture and invasiveness in adjacent tissues, so that 84.6% of hypoechogenic neoplasms, 76.9% of heterogeneous masses and 88.2% of invasive neoplasms were classified as malignant. However, for all these associations, moderate predictive values were obtained, which may be due to the small experimental number included in this study. Therefore, although it has been observed that hypoechogenic, heterogeneous and invasive neoplasms were more prone to malignancy, these findings should be used with caution until new studies are developed with a greater number and variety of cutaneous neoplasms in dogs.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a aplicabilidade e acurácia da ultrassonografia modo-B na detecção de malignidade em neoplasmas cutâneos de cães. Foram incluídos 42 neoplasmas (12 benignos e 30 malignos) de origens mesenquimal, células redondas, epitelial e melanocítica provenientes de 24 cães de diferentes raças e idades. O exame ultrassonográfico foi realizado com transdutor linear multifrequencial (7.0 a 12MHz), com frequência dependente da dimensão da massa. Foram classificadas características ultrassonográficas de ecogenicidade (hipo/hiperecogênicos), ecotextura (homogêneos/heterogêneos), regularidade, invasividade em tecidos adjacentes. As dimensões foram mensuradas para cálculo da razão profundidade/largura. Os neoplasmas foram classificados como malignos ou benignos após análise cito e/ou histopatológica e os resultados foram associados com as características ultrassonográficas. Verificou-se associação significativa (P<0.05) entre malignidade e ecogenicidade, ecotextura e invasividade em tecidos adjacentes, de forma que 84.6% dos neoplasmas hipoecogênicos, 76.9% das massas heterogêneas e 88.2% dos neoplasmas invasivos foram classificados como malignos. Entretanto, para todas essas associações, foram obtidos valores preditivos moderados, que podem ser decorrentes do baixo número experimental incluso neste estudo. Sendo assim, embora tenha sido observado que os neoplasmas hipoecogênicos, heterogêneos e invasivos tiveram maior propensão à malignidade, esses achados devem ser utilizados com cautela até novos trabalhos sejam desenvolvidos com maior número e variedade de neoplasmas cutâneos de cães.(AU)

Granuloma lepróide canino em Mineiros região Centro-Oeste do Brasil / Canine leproid granuloma in mineiros city Mid-West region of Brazil

Background: Among the bacterial dermopathy the canine leproid granuloma (CLG) is a nodular pyogranulomatous disorder that affects the skin or subcutaneous tissue mainly in the dorsal face of ear pinna, head, and extremity of memberscaused by Mycobacterium spp. The pathogenicity is still not well clarified regarding the causative agent, which has notyet been completely typified, but phylogenetically, it is related to Mycobacterium tilburgii, M. simiae, and M. genavense,in Brazil, by the species M. murphy. The objective of this study is to report a case of canine leproid granuloma, throughcytology and histopathology, and present the therapeutic procedures until the regression of cutaneous lesion.Case: A 5-year-old Boxer breed, intac male weighing 32 kg, was assisted at the Veterinary Clinic of UNIFIMES, in MineirosCity, Mid-West Region of Brazil, GO, Brazil. The animal had 4 nodules in the ears with evolution of 30 days, with nopruritus and without previous treatment. During the physical exam, the animal had normal physiological parameters. Thecutaneous lesions were characterised by papules and alopecic nodules of firm to fibroelastic consistency, with progressiveincrease, located in the convex face of the ears. The fine needle aspiration puncture technique (FNAP) and histopathologyfor a definitive diagnosis was used, allowing the differentiation between inflammatory processes, infectious and neoplastic. Furthermore, blood was collected for hemogram and biochemical analysis for the assessment of renal and hepaticfunctions. In cytology, the stained blades by the Diff-quick stain in the microscopic exam had elevated cellularity, withseveral macrophages, and bacilliform structures in the negative image. Staining was also conducted....(AU)

Persistent cutaneous canine leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in an area with predominance of Nyssomyia neivai in the state of São Paulo, Brazil / Leishmaniose cutânea canina persistente causada por Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis em uma área com predomínio de Nyssomyia neivai no estado de São Paulo, Brasil

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a neglected zoonotic disease caused mainly by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, which is endemic throughout Brazil. Canine ACL cases were investigated in a rural area of Monte Mor, São Paulo, where a human ACL case had been confirmed. Dogs were evaluated through clinical and laboratory diagnosis including serology, cytological tissue preparations and PCR on skin lesions, lymph node and bone marrow samples. Entomological investigations on sandflies trapped in the surroundings of the study area were performed for 14 months. Nyssomyia neivai was the predominant phlebotomine species, comprising 94.65% of the captured specimens (832 out of 879). This species was the most abundant in all trapping sites, including human homes and dog shelters. Ny. whitmani, Migonemyia migonei, Pintomyia monticola, Evandromyia cortellezzii, Pi. fischeri and Expapilata firmatoi were also captured. Two of the three dogs examined were positive for anti-Leishmania IgG in ELISA using the antigen Fucose mannose ligand and skin samples were positive for L. (V.) braziliensis in PCR, but all the samples collected were negative for L. (L.) infantum. One of the dogs had a confirmed persistent infection for more than one year.(AU)

A leishmaniose tegumentar Americana (LTA) é uma doença zoonótica negligenciada, causada principalmente por Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, sendo endêmica em todo o Brasil. Foram investigados casos de LTA canina em uma área rural da cidade de Monte Mor, São Paulo, onde foi confirmado um caso humano de LTA. Os cães foram avaliados por diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial, incluindo sorologia, esfregaços microscópicos e PCR de amostras em lesões de pele, linfonodos e medula óssea. Também foram realizadas investigações entomológicas durante 14 meses, usando-se armadilhas luminosas para flebotomíneos nas proximidades da área de estudo. Nyssomyia neivai foi a espécie de flebotomíneo predominante com 94,65% dos espécimes capturados (832 de 879). Essa espécie foi a mais abundante em todos os locais de captura, incluindo-se abrigos para humanos e cães. Foram também capturadas as espécies Ny. whitmani, Migonemyia migonei, Pintomyia monticola, Evandromyia cortellezzii, Pi. fischeri e Expapilata firmatoi. Dos três cães examinados, dois apresentaram IgG anti-Leishmania positivo no ELISA, usando-se o antígeno “Fucose mannose ligand”, PCR da lesão de pele positivo para L. (V.) braziliensis e negativo em todas amostras para L. (L.) infantum. Um dos cães apresentou infecção persistente por mais de um ano.(AU)