Resumo
The objective was to determine the digestible tryptophan requirements for male broilers in pre-starter and starter phases. Two experiments using 400 Cobb broilers were performed 200 males in the first experiment for the pre-starter phase (one to seven days old), and 200 males in the second experiment for the starter phase (eight to 21 days old). Chicks were housed in batter boxes made of galvanized steel as an experimental shed. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and five replicates, with ten birds each. In both experiments, the tryptophan requirement was determined using diets with different levels of digestible tryptophan. A tryptophan-deficient diet was formulated, as a basal diet, which was supplemented with increased levels of L-tryptophan in order to achieve the desirable digestible tryptophan levels. Treatments consisted of 0.209% (basal diet); 0.223%; 0.235% and 0.248% digestible tryptophan for the pre-starter phase (experiment 1) and 0.187% (basal diet); 0.200%, 0.211% and 0.223% digestible tryptophan for the starter phase (experiment 2). We evaluated feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion, as well as the metabolizability of feed nutrients. The performance and metabolic data were subjected to analysis of variance, and estimates of digestible tryptophan levels were made through polynomial regression models at 5%...
Objetivou-se determinar as exigências de triptofano digestível para frangos de corte machos nas fases pré-inicial e inicial. Foram realizados dois experimentos utilizando 400 frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb, sendo o experimento 1 com 200 machos para a fase pré-inicial (um a sete dias de idade), e o experimento 2 com 200 machos para a fase inicial (oito a 21 dias de idade), alojados em baterias, contendo gaiolas de arame galvanizado, em um galpão experimental. Os experimentos foram realizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, divididos em quatro tratamentos, com cinco repetições e dez aves por repetição, sendo que cada repetição compreendia uma unidade experimental. Em ambos os experimentos a exigência de triptofano foi determinada utilizando dietas com diferentes níveis de triptofano digestível. Foi formulada uma ração com deficiência em triptofano, considerada a ração basal, a qual foi suplementada com L-triptofano em substituição ao material inerte com o objetivo de alcançar os níveis de triptofano digestível desejáveis. Os tratamentos consistiram em 0.209% (ração basal); 0.223%; 0.235% e 0.248% de triptofano digestível para a fase pré-inicial (experimento 1) e 0.187% (ração basal); 0.200%; 0.211% e 0.223% de triptofano digestível para a fase inicial (experimento 2). Foram avaliados o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar, bem como foi realizada...
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/fisiologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Ração Animal , Triptofano/análiseResumo
The effect of crude protein (CP), amino acid (AA), and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) were evaluated on blood parameters, carcass traits, and broiler performance under heat stress (29-34C). A total of 540 male chickens (Ross 308) were allocated to 12 diets with factorial arrangement 2 × 2 × 3, using a completely randomized design with three replicates of 15 chickens in grower (13 to 26 days) and finisher (27 to 42 days) periods. and 120, 220, and 320 mEq kg-1 DEB. The level of 21% CP increased body weight gain (BWG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) at grower period (p 0.05). In contrast, 20% CP level decreased BWG and increased FCR at finisher period (p 0.05). Further, 20% CP level reduced blood sodium and blood electrolyte balance (p 0.05). The highest blood electrolyte balance was achieved by DEB 320 mEq kg-1 diet (p 0.05). Broiler response to DEB in heat stress depended on the age of bird, length of exposure to high temperature and CP level of the diet. Under heat stress (29-34C), the 21% CP level at grower period and 17% CP level at finisher period improved broiler BWG and FCR.
O efeito de proteína bruta (PB), amino ácido (AA) e balanço alimentar eletrolítico (DAE) foi avaliado por parâmetros sanguíneos, características da carcaça e desempenho de aves de corte sob estresse calórico (29-34C). Quinhentos e quarenta machos (Ross 308) foram alocados em 12 regimes alimentares num arranjo fatorial 2 × 2 × 3 totalmente aleatório com 3 repetições de 15 aves em períodos de crescimento (13 a 26 dias) e terminação (27 a 42 dias) e 120, 220 e 320 mEq kg-1 DAE. Além disso, 21% de PB aumentou o ganho de peso corporal (GPC) e diminuiu a conversão alimentar (CAR) no período de crescimento (p 0.05). Por outro lado, 20% de PB diminuiu GPC e aumentou CAR no período terminal (p 0.05). O nível de 20% PB reduziu o sódio sanguíneo e o balanço eletrolítico sanguíneo (p 0.05). O maior balanço eletrolítico sanguíneo ocorreu com DAE 320 mEq kg-1 dieta (p 0.05). A resposta das aves de corte a DAE no estresse calórico dependia da idade da ave, à exposição a altas temperaturas e ao nível de PB na dieta. Sob estresse calórico (29-34C), 21% PB no período de crescimento e 17% de PB no período de terminação melhoraram o GPC e CAR das aves de corte.
Assuntos
Animais , Aminoácidos/efeitos adversos , Aves/classificação , Aves/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aves/metabolismo , Aves/sangue , Transtornos de Estresse por CalorResumo
The effect of crude protein (CP), amino acid (AA), and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) were evaluated on blood parameters, carcass traits, and broiler performance under heat stress (29-34C). A total of 540 male chickens (Ross 308) were allocated to 12 diets with factorial arrangement 2 × 2 × 3, using a completely randomized design with three replicates of 15 chickens in grower (13 to 26 days) and finisher (27 to 42 days) periods. and 120, 220, and 320 mEq kg-1 DEB. The level of 21% CP increased body weight gain (BWG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) at grower period (p 0.05). In contrast, 20% CP level decreased BWG and increased FCR at finisher period (p 0.05). Further, 20% CP level reduced blood sodium and blood electrolyte balance (p 0.05). The highest blood electrolyte balance was achieved by DEB 320 mEq kg-1 diet (p 0.05). Broiler response to DEB in heat stress depended on the age of bird, length of exposure to high temperature and CP level of the diet. Under heat stress (29-34C), the 21% CP level at grower period and 17% CP level at finisher period improved broiler BWG and FCR.(AU)
O efeito de proteína bruta (PB), amino ácido (AA) e balanço alimentar eletrolítico (DAE) foi avaliado por parâmetros sanguíneos, características da carcaça e desempenho de aves de corte sob estresse calórico (29-34C). Quinhentos e quarenta machos (Ross 308) foram alocados em 12 regimes alimentares num arranjo fatorial 2 × 2 × 3 totalmente aleatório com 3 repetições de 15 aves em períodos de crescimento (13 a 26 dias) e terminação (27 a 42 dias) e 120, 220 e 320 mEq kg-1 DAE. Além disso, 21% de PB aumentou o ganho de peso corporal (GPC) e diminuiu a conversão alimentar (CAR) no período de crescimento (p 0.05). Por outro lado, 20% de PB diminuiu GPC e aumentou CAR no período terminal (p 0.05). O nível de 20% PB reduziu o sódio sanguíneo e o balanço eletrolítico sanguíneo (p 0.05). O maior balanço eletrolítico sanguíneo ocorreu com DAE 320 mEq kg-1 dieta (p 0.05). A resposta das aves de corte a DAE no estresse calórico dependia da idade da ave, à exposição a altas temperaturas e ao nível de PB na dieta. Sob estresse calórico (29-34C), 21% PB no período de crescimento e 17% de PB no período de terminação melhoraram o GPC e CAR das aves de corte.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aves/classificação , Aves/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aves/metabolismo , Aves/sangue , Aminoácidos/efeitos adversos , Transtornos de Estresse por CalorResumo
The objective was to determine the digestible tryptophan requirements for male broilers in pre-starter and starter phases. Two experiments using 400 Cobb broilers were performed 200 males in the first experiment for the pre-starter phase (one to seven days old), and 200 males in the second experiment for the starter phase (eight to 21 days old). Chicks were housed in batter boxes made of galvanized steel as an experimental shed. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and five replicates, with ten birds each. In both experiments, the tryptophan requirement was determined using diets with different levels of digestible tryptophan. A tryptophan-deficient diet was formulated, as a basal diet, which was supplemented with increased levels of L-tryptophan in order to achieve the desirable digestible tryptophan levels. Treatments consisted of 0.209% (basal diet); 0.223%; 0.235% and 0.248% digestible tryptophan for the pre-starter phase (experiment 1) and 0.187% (basal diet); 0.200%, 0.211% and 0.223% digestible tryptophan for the starter phase (experiment 2). We evaluated feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion, as well as the metabolizability of feed nutrients. The performance and metabolic data were subjected to analysis of variance, and estimates of digestible tryptophan levels were made through polynomial regression models at 5%...(AU)
Objetivou-se determinar as exigências de triptofano digestível para frangos de corte machos nas fases pré-inicial e inicial. Foram realizados dois experimentos utilizando 400 frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb, sendo o experimento 1 com 200 machos para a fase pré-inicial (um a sete dias de idade), e o experimento 2 com 200 machos para a fase inicial (oito a 21 dias de idade), alojados em baterias, contendo gaiolas de arame galvanizado, em um galpão experimental. Os experimentos foram realizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, divididos em quatro tratamentos, com cinco repetições e dez aves por repetição, sendo que cada repetição compreendia uma unidade experimental. Em ambos os experimentos a exigência de triptofano foi determinada utilizando dietas com diferentes níveis de triptofano digestível. Foi formulada uma ração com deficiência em triptofano, considerada a ração basal, a qual foi suplementada com L-triptofano em substituição ao material inerte com o objetivo de alcançar os níveis de triptofano digestível desejáveis. Os tratamentos consistiram em 0.209% (ração basal); 0.223%; 0.235% e 0.248% de triptofano digestível para a fase pré-inicial (experimento 1) e 0.187% (ração basal); 0.200%; 0.211% e 0.223% de triptofano digestível para a fase inicial (experimento 2). Foram avaliados o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar, bem como foi realizada...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/metabolismo , Galinhas/fisiologia , Triptofano/análise , Ração AnimalResumo
The objective was to determine the digestible tryptophan requirements for male broilers in pre-starter and starter phases. Two experiments using 400 Cobb broilers were performed 200 males in the first experiment for the pre-starter phase (one to seven days old), and 200 males in the second experiment for the starter phase (eight to 21 days old). Chicks were housed in batter boxes made of galvanized steel as an experimental shed. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and five replicates, with ten birds each. In both experiments, the tryptophan requirement was determined using diets with different levels of digestible tryptophan. A tryptophan-deficient diet was formulated, as a basal diet, which was supplemented with increased levels of L-tryptophan in order to achieve the desirable digestible tryptophan levels. Treatments consisted of 0.209% (basal diet); 0.223%; 0.235% and 0.248% digestible tryptophan for the pre-starter phase (experiment 1) and 0.187% (basal diet); 0.200%, 0.211% and 0.223% digestible tryptophan for the starter phase (experiment 2). We evaluated feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion, as well as the metabolizability of feed nutrients. The performance and metabolic data were subjected to analysis of variance, and estimates of digestible tryptophan levels were made through polynomial regression models at 5%
Objetivou-se determinar as exigências de triptofano digestível para frangos de corte machos nas fases pré-inicial e inicial. Foram realizados dois experimentos utilizando 400 frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb, sendo o experimento 1 com 200 machos para a fase pré-inicial (um a sete dias de idade), e o experimento 2 com 200 machos para a fase inicial (oito a 21 dias de idade), alojados em baterias, contendo gaiolas de arame galvanizado, em um galpão experimental. Os experimentos foram realizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, divididos em quatro tratamentos, com cinco repetições e dez aves por repetição, sendo que cada repetição compreendia uma unidade experimental. Em ambos os experimentos a exigência de triptofano foi determinada utilizando dietas com diferentes níveis de triptofano digestível. Foi formulada uma ração com deficiência em triptofano, considerada a ração basal, a qual foi suplementada com L-triptofano em substituição ao material inerte com o objetivo de alcançar os níveis de triptofano digestível desejáveis. Os tratamentos consistiram em 0.209% (ração basal); 0.223%; 0.235% e 0.248% de triptofano digestível para a fase pré-inicial (experimento 1) e 0.187% (ração basal); 0.200%; 0.211% e 0.223% de triptofano digestível para a fase inicial (experimento 2). Foram avaliados o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar, bem como foi realizada
Resumo
The dietary inclusion of phytase increases nutrient and energy bioavailability for broilers. The effect of phytase increases nutrients and energy bioavailability for either the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of nutrient and energy reduction in diets supplemented with phytase on the performance, gastrointestinal pH, organ and bone composition, and blood biochemistry of broilers between eight and 21 days of age. In the study, 1.120 male Cobb 500(r) broilers, with 161±1g average weight, were used. At eight days of age, birds were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design with seven treatments in a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement with eight replicates of 20 broiler each. Treatments corresponded to reduction of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), amino acids and energy, or reduction of Ca, P, amino acids and energy; supplementation or not of phytase; and a positive control treatment. Broiler fed the diet with reduced Ca and P levels and phytase supplementation presented the best performance of all groups. The diet with reduced amino acid and energy levels and phytase addition reduced gizzard and proventriculus pH. Dietary Ca and P reduction increased relative liver and heart weights, as well as albumin blood levels. The bones of broilers fed phytase-supplemented diets presented higher ash content.
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/genética , Galinhas/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análiseResumo
This experiment aimed at evaluating the influence of the supplementation of digestible lysine and digestible arginine at different ratios in the diet fed to layers between 24 to 44 weeks of age on egg quality. In total,320 Lohmann LSL laying hens were allotted according to a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4factorial arrangement, consisting of two digestible lysine levels (700 or 900 mg/kg of diet) and four digestible arginine levels (700, 800, 900,or 1000 mg/kg of diet). Diets contained, therefore, digestible Lys:Arg ratios of 100, 114, 128, and 142 when the diet contained 700 mg digestible lysine per kg of diet, and 78, 89, 100, and 111 when 900 mg digestible lysine per kg was supplemented. The data obtained with digestible arginine levels were fitted to polynomial regression equations, and with digestible lysine, the F test (5% probability) was used to compare the means. The following variables were evaluated: egg weight; internal egg quality (yolk percentage and index, albumen percentage, Haugh units), eggshell quality (specific gravity andeggshell percentage); and whole egg, albumen, and yolk solids content. Digestible lysine and arginine interaction did not affect egg quality. Increasing levels of digestible lysine and arginine reduced eggshell quality and albumen solids, respectively. The levels of these amino acids suggested to improveegg quality are 700 mg digestible lysine and 700 mg digestible arginine/kg of feed at a Dig Lys: Dig Arg ratio of 100.
Assuntos
Animais , Arginina/análise , Lisina/análise , Lisina/metabolismo , Ovos/análise , Ração Animal/análiseResumo
This experiment aimed at evaluating the influence of the supplementation of digestible lysine and digestible arginine at different ratios in the diet fed to layers between 24 to 44 weeks of age on egg quality. In total,320 Lohmann LSL laying hens were allotted according to a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4factorial arrangement, consisting of two digestible lysine levels (700 or 900 mg/kg of diet) and four digestible arginine levels (700, 800, 900,or 1000 mg/kg of diet). Diets contained, therefore, digestible Lys:Arg ratios of 100, 114, 128, and 142 when the diet contained 700 mg digestible lysine per kg of diet, and 78, 89, 100, and 111 when 900 mg digestible lysine per kg was supplemented. The data obtained with digestible arginine levels were fitted to polynomial regression equations, and with digestible lysine, the F test (5% probability) was used to compare the means. The following variables were evaluated: egg weight; internal egg quality (yolk percentage and index, albumen percentage, Haugh units), eggshell quality (specific gravity andeggshell percentage); and whole egg, albumen, and yolk solids content. Digestible lysine and arginine interaction did not affect egg quality. Increasing levels of digestible lysine and arginine reduced eggshell quality and albumen solids, respectively. The levels of these amino acids suggested to improveegg quality are 700 mg digestible lysine and 700 mg digestible arginine/kg of feed at a Dig Lys: Dig Arg ratio of 100.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Lisina/análise , Lisina/metabolismo , Arginina/análise , Ovos/análise , Ração Animal/análiseResumo
The dietary inclusion of phytase increases nutrient and energy bioavailability for broilers. The effect of phytase increases nutrients and energy bioavailability for either the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of nutrient and energy reduction in diets supplemented with phytase on the performance, gastrointestinal pH, organ and bone composition, and blood biochemistry of broilers between eight and 21 days of age. In the study, 1.120 male Cobb 500(r) broilers, with 161±1g average weight, were used. At eight days of age, birds were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design with seven treatments in a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement with eight replicates of 20 broiler each. Treatments corresponded to reduction of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), amino acids and energy, or reduction of Ca, P, amino acids and energy; supplementation or not of phytase; and a positive control treatment. Broiler fed the diet with reduced Ca and P levels and phytase supplementation presented the best performance of all groups. The diet with reduced amino acid and energy levels and phytase addition reduced gizzard and proventriculus pH. Dietary Ca and P reduction increased relative liver and heart weights, as well as albumin blood levels. The bones of broilers fed phytase-supplemented diets presented higher ash content.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ração Animal/análise , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/genética , Galinhas/metabolismoResumo
The dietary requirement of threonine was determined for brown laying hens in the period 50-66 weeks of age, based on performance parameters and quality of eggs. For this we used 150 laying Shaver Brown hens distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0.460; 0.490; 0.520; 0.550 and 0.580%) of digestible threonine, six replications and five birds each. The digestible threonine levels did not affect (p>0.05) feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass or feed conversion kg kg-1, but presented a quadratic effect (p 0.05) on feed conversion dozen kg -1, where the lower conversion was obtained with a supply of 0.521% threonine in the diet. There was no effect of dietary digestible threonine levels (p>0.05) on the yolk and albumen index, specific gravity, yolk percentage, thickness or shell weight per surface area, since the variable Haugh unit displayed linear behavior (p 0.05) and increased with increasing levels of dietary threonine. The percentage of albumen and shell presented a quadratic effect (p 0.05) according to the dietary levels of threonine, and the best levels of these variables were obtained with a supply of 0.520% and 0.521% digestible threonine in the diet. The dietary requirement of threonine for laying hens, aged between 50 and 66 weeks, based on converting food kg kg-1, percentage of albumen and shell is 0.521%.(AU)
A exigência dietética de treonina digestível foi determinada para poedeiras comerciais semipesadas no período de 50 a 66 semanas de idade, com base nos parâmetros de desempenho produtivo e de qualidade de ovos. Para isso foram utilizadas 150 poedeiras semipesadas da linhagem Shaver Brown distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos (0,460; 0,490; 0,520; 0,550; e 0,580%) de treonina digestível), seis repetições e cinco aves por unidade experimental. Os níveis de treonina digestível não influenciaram (p>0,05) o consumo de ração, produção de ovos, peso de ovos, massa de ovos e conversão alimentar kg kg-1, mas apresentaram efeito quadrático (p 0,05) sobre a conversão alimentar kg dúzia-1, onde o menor valor de conversão foi obtido com o fornecimento de 0,521% de treonina digestível na dieta. Não foi observado efeito dos níveis dietéticos de treonina digestível (p>0,05) sobre o índice de gema e de albúmen, gravidade específica, porcentagem de gema, espessura e peso da casca por superfície de área, já a variável unidade haugh apresentou comportamento linear (p 0,05), aumentando com o aumento dos níveis de treonina dietéticos. A porcentagem de albúmen e casca apresentaram efeito quadrático (p 0,05) em função dos níveis dietéticos de treonina digestível, sendo que os melhores níveis dessas variáveis foram obtidos com o fornecimento de...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Aves Domésticas , Dieta/veterinária , Treonina/administração & dosagemResumo
An outstanding feature of poultry production that provides animal protein yield for human feeding is its short production cycle. This characteristic has a linear relationship with waste production. Increasing the inclusion of this residue in diets in the near future is desirable in step with the growth of poultry production since it offers a better environmental and nutritional alternative to current methods. We evaluated the effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens produced by the inclusion of poultry offal meal (POM) in their feed. Treatments consisted of a control diet (corn, Zea mays and soybean, Glycine max) and four diets with inclusion of 30, 60, 90 and 120 g kg-1 of POM. The diets were formulated based on the level of digestible amino acid once categorized as isocalcic, isophosphoric, isosodic, isoenergetic and isonutritive for protein, methionine+cystine, lysine and threonine. The feed's electrolytes were corrected so that each diet had the same electrolytic balance. The variables analyzed were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, body weight, carcass yield, chicken cut yield and abdominal fat. Feed intake was not affected by the quantities of POM added. The weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and noble cuts presented quadratic responses to the treatments. Abdominal fat increased linearly. The performance of the poultry, and carcass characteristics were maximized by the inclusion of 53 and 65 g kg-1, respectively, of POM in the diet, and the inclusion of 120 g kg-1 of POM provided greater disposition of abdominal fat.
Assuntos
Animais , Aminoácidos/administração & dosagem , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ração Animal , VíscerasResumo
An outstanding feature of poultry production that provides animal protein yield for human feeding is its short production cycle. This characteristic has a linear relationship with waste production. Increasing the inclusion of this residue in diets in the near future is desirable in step with the growth of poultry production since it offers a better environmental and nutritional alternative to current methods. We evaluated the effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens produced by the inclusion of poultry offal meal (POM) in their feed. Treatments consisted of a control diet (corn, Zea mays and soybean, Glycine max) and four diets with inclusion of 30, 60, 90 and 120 g kg-1 of POM. The diets were formulated based on the level of digestible amino acid once categorized as isocalcic, isophosphoric, isosodic, isoenergetic and isonutritive for protein, methionine+cystine, lysine and threonine. The feed's electrolytes were corrected so that each diet had the same electrolytic balance. The variables analyzed were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, body weight, carcass yield, chicken cut yield and abdominal fat. Feed intake was not affected by the quantities of POM added. The weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and noble cuts presented quadratic responses to the treatments. Abdominal fat increased linearly. The performance of the poultry, and carcass characteristics were maximized by the inclusion of 53 and 65 g kg-1, respectively, of POM in the diet, and the inclusion of 120 g kg-1 of POM provided greater disposition of abdominal fat.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aminoácidos/administração & dosagem , Vísceras , Ração AnimalResumo
An experiment was conducted in the Department of Experimental Stations of the UniversidadeTecnológica Federal do Parana - UTFPR campus Dois Vizinhos - PR, with the objective of determining the nutritional levels of threonine for laying hens aged 75 to 90 weeks. One hundred fifty laying Shaver Brown pullets were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) submitted to a basal diet containing 2.85 kcal ME/g and 148.7 g/kg CP, supplemented with 4.6; 4.9; 5.2; 5.5 or 5.8 g/kg of digestible Lthreonine(98 %), which provided 0.000, 0.027, 0.058, 0.089 or 0.120% threonine, respectively. Thefeed conversion, egg production, egg weight, egg mass and internal egg quality were not affected (P> 0.05) by the threonine in the diet. The Haugh unit showed a linear effect with threonine consumptionin that it increased levels of digestible amino acids in the diet. The variables percent albumin and shell showed quadratic effects, so the recommended dietary digestible threonine level was 5.20 g/kg, whichcorresponds to 0.648 g threonine/hen/day, and 5.25 g/kg, which is equivalent to 0.654 g threonine/hen/day, respectively. The specific gravity was affected by the level of threonine; the indicated level is 5.22 g/kg, equivalent to 0.651 g of threonine/hen/day obtained by the quadratic effect.(AU)
Conduziu-se um experimento no Núcleo de Unidades de Ensino e Pesquisa da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná UTFPR, Campus de Dois Vizinhos - PR, com o objetivo de determinar os níveis nutricionais de treonina digestível para poedeiras comerciais, no período de 75 a 90 semanas de idade.Foram utilizadas 150 poedeiras Shaver Brown semipesadas num delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), submetidas à uma ração basal contendo 2,85 Kcal EM/g, 148,7g/kg de PB, suplementada com4,6; 4,9; 5,2; 5,5 e 5,8g/kg de L-treonina digestível (98%), que forneceu 0,000; 0,027; 0,058; 0,089 e 0,120% de treonina digestível, respectivamente. A conversão alimentar, a produção de ovos, o peso do ovo, massa de ovos e a qualidade interna dos ovos não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos níveis detreonina na dieta. A unidade Haugh e o consumo de treonina apresentaram efeito linear à medida em que aumentavam os níveis do aminoácido digestível na dieta. As variáveis porcentagem de albúmene casca apresentaram efeito quadrático e os níveis nutricionais de treonina digestível recomendadosforam de 5,20g/kg, o que corresponde a 0,648 g de treonina/ave/dia e, 5,25g/kg que equivale a 0,654g de treonina/ave/dia, respectivamente. A gravidade específica foi afetada pelos níveis de treonina digestível, e o nível indicado é de 5,22g/kg, que equivale a 0,651 g de treonina/ave/dia obtido por meio de efeito quadrático.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas , Treonina , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ração Animal , OvosResumo
O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar os efeitos da enzima fitase sobre a cinética do P nos tecidos de suínos, alimentados com dietas formuladas de acordo com o conceito de proteína ideal e suplementadas com enzima fitase. Foram utilizados 20 suínos machos castrados, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os animais foram alojados em gaiolas metabólicas durante 17 dias, sendo 10 dias para adaptação e sete dias para coletas de fezes e urina. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas por cinco dias. No primeiro dia da fase experimental, cada animal recebeu, por via endovenosa, uma solução radioativa com 7,4MBq de 32P. No final do período experimental, os animais foram sacrificados, e amostras de tecidos do músculo (lombo), coração, fígado, rins e ossos foram coletadas. A enzima fitase interferiu na cinética do 32P, levando a uma menor incorporação nos tecidos dos ossos.(AU)
This study was developed to evaluate the kinetic of the P in the pigs' tissues, feed diets formulated according the ideal protein concept and supplemented with phytase enzyme. Twenty male pigs were used, distributed in a randomized blocks experimental design, with five treatments and four replicates. The animals were housed in metabolic cages for 17 days, with 10 days for adaptation and 7 days for collection of feces and urine. Blood samples were collected in 5 days. On first day of the experimental phase, each animal was intravenously injected with 7.4 MBq 32P. At the end of the experiment the animals were slaughtered and samples of muscle (loin), heart, liver, kidney and bones were collected. The enzyme fitase interfered in the kinetics of 32P, leading to a smaller incorporation of bone tissues.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aminoácidos , Poluição Ambiental/análiseResumo
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of laying hens subjected to heavy semi-low crude protein (14.0%) and lysine levels while maintaining the same relation of digestible amino acid/ digestible lysine. A commercial line of 420 Isa Brown laying hens, in the period from 28 to 44 weeks of age, were distributed in 42 experimental plots. A completely randomized design with six treatments and seven replicates in four periods of 28 days/each was used. The treatments were: Control - Formulated according to the nutritional requirements proposed in the strain, containing 16.92% crude protein, 0.750% digestible lysine. Treatments 1 to 5, with crude protein levels of 14% and 0.600% of digestible lysine, 0.675%, 0.750%, 0.825% and 0.900%, respectively. The requirement of lysine, in relation to other digestible amino acids, can be estimated at 0.750% in diet with 14% crude protein, which corresponds to the average daily intake of 876 mg lysine dig. hen-1 day-1, without compromising the performance of hens.
O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho de poedeiras semipesadas submetidas a dietas com baixo teor proteína bruta (14,0%) e diferentes níveis de lisina, mantendo a mesma relação aminoácidos digestíveis/ lisina digestível. Foram utilizadas 420 poedeiras da linhagem comercial Isa Brown de 28 a 44 semanas de idade, distribuídas em 42 parcelas experimentais. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e sete repetições, em quatro períodos de 28 dias/cada. Os tratamentos foram: Controle ração formulada de acordo com as exigências nutricionais propostas no manual da linhagem, contendo 16,92% proteína bruta e 0,750% lisina digestível. Os tratamentos testes do 1 ao 5,tiveram a redução proteica, 14% de proteína bruta e diferentes níveis de lisina digestível de 0,600%; 0,675%;0,750%; 0,825% e 0,900%, respectivamente. A exigência de lisina digestível, em relação aos demais aminoácidos digestíveis, pode ser estimada em 0,750% em dieta com 14% de proteína bruta, o que corresponde ao consumo médio diário de 876 mg lisina digestível, sem comprometer o desempenho das aves.
Assuntos
Animais , Aminoácidos , Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas , Galinhas , Lisina/administração & dosagem , ProteínasResumo
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of laying hens subjected to heavy semi-low crude protein (14.0%) and lysine levels while maintaining the same relation of digestible amino acid/ digestible lysine. A commercial line of 420 Isa Brown laying hens, in the period from 28 to 44 weeks of age, were distributed in 42 experimental plots. A completely randomized design with six treatments and seven replicates in four periods of 28 days/each was used. The treatments were: Control - Formulated according to the nutritional requirements proposed in the strain, containing 16.92% crude protein, 0.750% digestible lysine. Treatments 1 to 5, with crude protein levels of 14% and 0.600% of digestible lysine, 0.675%, 0.750%, 0.825% and 0.900%, respectively. The requirement of lysine, in relation to other digestible amino acids, can be estimated at 0.750% in diet with 14% crude protein, which corresponds to the average daily intake of 876 mg lysine dig. hen-1 day-1, without compromising the performance of hens.(AU)
O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho de poedeiras semipesadas submetidas a dietas com baixo teor proteína bruta (14,0%) e diferentes níveis de lisina, mantendo a mesma relação aminoácidos digestíveis/ lisina digestível. Foram utilizadas 420 poedeiras da linhagem comercial Isa Brown de 28 a 44 semanas de idade, distribuídas em 42 parcelas experimentais. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e sete repetições, em quatro períodos de 28 dias/cada. Os tratamentos foram: Controle ração formulada de acordo com as exigências nutricionais propostas no manual da linhagem, contendo 16,92% proteína bruta e 0,750% lisina digestível. Os tratamentos testes do 1 ao 5,tiveram a redução proteica, 14% de proteína bruta e diferentes níveis de lisina digestível de 0,600%; 0,675%;0,750%; 0,825% e 0,900%, respectivamente. A exigência de lisina digestível, em relação aos demais aminoácidos digestíveis, pode ser estimada em 0,750% em dieta com 14% de proteína bruta, o que corresponde ao consumo médio diário de 876 mg lisina digestível, sem comprometer o desempenho das aves.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Lisina/administração & dosagem , Galinhas , Proteínas , Aminoácidos , Dieta com Restrição de ProteínasResumo
Fifty gilts were used, with initial weight of 30.17 ± 2.03kg, to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of digestible lysine on performance and carcass characteristics. The animals were distributed in a random block experimental design, with five treatments (0.83; 0.93; 1.03; 1.13 and 1,23% of digestible lysine), five replicates and two animals which were considered one experimental unit. The criteria for the formation of the blocks were the animals initial weight. There was no effect of levels of digestible lysine on daily feed intake and daily weight gain. A quadratic effect was observed on feed conversion that improved until an estimated level of 1.11% of digestible lysine. A linear effect was observed on daily protein deposition, however, the data were adjusted through the Linear Response Plateau model, which indicated the estimated level of 1.09% of digestible lysine for best daily protein deposition. No effect was observed on daily fat deposition among the treatments. It conclude that the level of 1.11% of digestible lysine provided the best performance and daily protein deposition results for gilts with high potential for lean deposition, from 30 to 60kg.
Utilizaram-se 50 leitoas de alto potencial genético para deposição de carne magra na carcaça, com peso inicial de 30,17 ± 2,03, a fim de avaliar o efeito de níveis crescentes de lisina digestível sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (0,83; 0,93; 1,03; 1,13 e 1,23% de lisina digestível), cinco repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Na distribuição dos animais dentro de cada bloco foi adotado como critério o peso inicial dos animais. Não foi observado efeito dos níveis de lisina digestível sobre o consumo de ração diário e ganho de peso diário. Observou-se efeito quadrático dos tratamentos sobre a conversão alimentar, que melhorou até o nível estimado de 1,11% de lisina digestível. Foi observado efeito linear dos níveis de lisina sobre a taxa de deposição de proteína diária, entretanto, o modelo Linear Response Plateau foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados e estimou o nível de 1,09% de lisina digestível para melhor deposição de proteína diária. Não foi observado efeito dos tratamentos sobre a taxa de deposição diária de gordura. Conclui-se que o nível de 1,11% de lisina digestível proporciona os melhores resultados de desempenho e de taxa de deposição de proteína diária na carcaça de fêmeas suínas de alto potencial genético para deposição de carne magra na carcaça, dos 30 aos 60kg.
Resumo
Avaliou-se a exigência de treonina digestível para a codorna japonesa em postura. Foram utilizadas 400 codornas, durante 63 dias. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, oito repetições e 10 aves por unidade experimental. A dieta basal foi deficiente em treonina, contendo 17,8% de proteína bruta, 2.900kcal de EM/kg, sendo suplementada com quatro níveis de L- treonina 98% (0,000; 0,052; 0,104; 0,156 e 0,208%), correspondendo à relação treonina digestível:lisina digestível de 0,55; 0,60; 0,65; 0,70 e 0,75, respectivamente. Os parâmetros estudados foram: consumo de ração, consumo de treonina, produção de ovo, peso do ovo, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, componentes dos ovos (gema, albúmen e casca) e gravidade específica. Observou-se aumento linear (P<0,01) somente para o consumo de treonina. Conclui-se que, para proporcionar os melhores resultados de desempenho e qualidade de ovos, a codorna japonesa exige 0,55% de treonina digestível, para um consumo diário de 144,61mg de treonina digestível/ave, correspondendo à relação treonina digestível: lisina digestível de 0,55.(AU)
This experiment was conducted to determine the digestible threonine requirement for laying Japanese quail. Four hundred quails were used during 63 days. A completely randomized experimental design was used with five treatments, eight replicates and ten quails per experimental unit. The basal diet was deficient in threonine, containing 17.8% crude protein, 2.900kcal of ME/kg and supplied with four levels of L-threonine 98% (0.000; 0.052; 0.104; 0.156 and 0.208%), corresponding digestible threonine: digestible lysine ratio 0.55; 0.60; 0.65; 0.70 and 0.75, respectively. The following parameters were evaluated: feed intake, threonine intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass, feed conversion per egg dozen, egg quality (yolk, albumen and shell) and specific gravity. Linear increase (P<0.01) was only observed in the threonine intake. The conclusion is that the Japanese quail demand 0.55% of digestible threonine to provide the best productive performance and quality of eggs, a daily consumption of 144.61 mg of digestible threonine/quail, corresponding to the digestible threonine: digestible lysine ratio of 0.55.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Coturnix/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Treonina/administração & dosagem , Ração Animal , Ingestão de AlimentosResumo
Determinaram-se as exigências nutricionais de metionina+cistina digestível para poedeiras de linhagem comercial no segundo ciclo de produção de 75 a 91 semanas de idade, utilizando-se 150 aves semipesadas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Estas foram distribuídas em cinco tratamentos, seis repetições e cinco aves por unidade experimental, alimentadas com uma dieta basal contendo 2.859kcal/kg de energia metabolizável e 16,30% de proteína bruta, suplementada com 0,132; 0,173; 0,215; 0,256 e 0,298% de DL-metionina (98%), de forma a proporcionar 0,588; 0,628; 0,669; 0,709 e 0,750% de metionina+cistina digestível na dieta. A inclusão de metionina+cistina obedeceu, respectivamente, às proporções de 67, 72, 77, 81 e 86% com a lisina fixada em 0,872%. Avaliaram-se os consumos de ração e de metionina+cistina, a conversão alimentar por dúzia e por massa de ovos, a taxa de postura, o peso e a massa de ovos, a porcentagem dos componentes dos ovos e a qualidade interna dos ovos e o ganho de peso. A inclusão de metionina+cistina digestível nas quantidades indicadas não exerceu efeito (P>0,05) sobre as características de produção e qualidade interna e externa dos ovos. A exigência estimada foi de 0,588% de metionina+cistina digestível, correspondendo ao consumo de 654,73mg/ave/dia.(AU)
This work determined the nutritional requirements for methionine + cystine for commercial hens in the second production cycle from 75 to 91 weeks of age, using 150 brown-egg layer hens in a completely randomized design, distributed in five treatments, six replicates of five hens each and fed a basal diet containing 2859kcal/kg of metobolizable energy, 16.30% crude protein supplemented with 0.132, 0.173, 0.215, 0.256 and 0.298% DL-methionine (98%), in order to provide 0.588, 0.628, 0.669, 0.709 and 0.750% methionine + cystine in the diet. The inclusion of methionine + cystine followed, respectively, the proportions of 67, 72, 77, 81 and 86% with lysine fixed at 0.872%. The feed intake, methionine + cystine intake, feed conversion per dozen eggs and egg mass, percentage of the eggs, egg weight, egg mass, percentage of egg components and internal quality of eggs and weight gain were evaluated. The inclusion methionine + cystine in the amounts indicated had no effect (P> 0.05) on the production characteristics and internal and external quality of eggs. The requirement was estimated at 0.588% methionine + cystine intake corresponding to 654.73mg/hen/day.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Metionina/análise , Cistina , Aves Domésticas , Ração Animal , Qualidade dos Alimentos , OvosResumo
An experiment was conducted in the Department of Experimental Stations of the UniversidadeTecnológica Federal do Parana - UTFPR campus Dois Vizinhos - PR, with the objective of determining the nutritional levels of threonine for laying hens aged 75 to 90 weeks. One hundred fifty laying Shaver Brown pullets were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) submitted to a basal diet containing 2.85 kcal ME/g and 148.7 g/kg CP, supplemented with 4.6; 4.9; 5.2; 5.5 or 5.8 g/kg of digestible Lthreonine(98 %), which provided 0.000, 0.027, 0.058, 0.089 or 0.120% threonine, respectively. Thefeed conversion, egg production, egg weight, egg mass and internal egg quality were not affected (P> 0.05) by the threonine in the diet. The Haugh unit showed a linear effect with threonine consumptionin that it increased levels of digestible amino acids in the diet. The variables percent albumin and shell showed quadratic effects, so the recommended dietary digestible threonine level was 5.20 g/kg, whichcorresponds to 0.648 g threonine/hen/day, and 5.25 g/kg, which is equivalent to 0.654 g threonine/hen/day, respectively. The specific gravity was affected by the level of threonine; the indicated level is 5.22 g/kg, equivalent to 0.651 g of threonine/hen/day obtained by the quadratic effect.
Conduziu-se um experimento no Núcleo de Unidades de Ensino e Pesquisa da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná UTFPR, Campus de Dois Vizinhos - PR, com o objetivo de determinar os níveis nutricionais de treonina digestível para poedeiras comerciais, no período de 75 a 90 semanas de idade.Foram utilizadas 150 poedeiras Shaver Brown semipesadas num delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), submetidas à uma ração basal contendo 2,85 Kcal EM/g, 148,7g/kg de PB, suplementada com4,6; 4,9; 5,2; 5,5 e 5,8g/kg de L-treonina digestível (98%), que forneceu 0,000; 0,027; 0,058; 0,089 e 0,120% de treonina digestível, respectivamente. A conversão alimentar, a produção de ovos, o peso do ovo, massa de ovos e a qualidade interna dos ovos não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos níveis detreonina na dieta. A unidade Haugh e o consumo de treonina apresentaram efeito linear à medida em que aumentavam os níveis do aminoácido digestível na dieta. As variáveis porcentagem de albúmene casca apresentaram efeito quadrático e os níveis nutricionais de treonina digestível recomendadosforam de 5,20g/kg, o que corresponde a 0,648 g de treonina/ave/dia e, 5,25g/kg que equivale a 0,654g de treonina/ave/dia, respectivamente. A gravidade específica foi afetada pelos níveis de treonina digestível, e o nível indicado é de 5,22g/kg, que equivale a 0,651 g de treonina/ave/dia obtido por meio de efeito quadrático.