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1.
Rev. bras. ciênc. avic ; 15(4): 301-306, Dec. 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1490029

Resumo

In order to maintain the high production and export rates achieved by the Brazilian poultry industry, it is necessary to prevent and control certain disease agents, such as Salmonella spp. Using bacterial cultures, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in specimens collected from broiler facilities. Local wild birds were also sampled, as well as the feces of swine housed on the poultry farm. After sample collection, the isolated serotypes were subsequently inoculated into broiler chicks to determine their effects. Positive samples were collected from the following locations in the poultry facilities: poultry litter (S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Heidelberg; S. Infantis), broiler feces (S. Heidelberg; S. serotype 6,7:R:-; S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Tennessee), water (S. Glostrup; S. serotype 6,8:d:-;), and lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) found in the litter (S. Tennessee). Among the 36 wild birds captured, S. Heidelberg was isolated from one bird's organs and intestinal contents (Colaptes campestris), and S. Enteritidis was isolated from another bird's intestinal contents (Zenaida auriculata). Salmonella Panama and Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from swine feces. One-day-old chicks (150) were divided into 10 groups of 15 animals each. Each group was orally inoculated with a previously isolated serotype of Salmonella. Soft stools were observed on the cage floor and around the birds' cloaca between 3 and 12 days post-infection (dpi). The different serotypes of Salmonella used to inoculate the chicks were re-isolated from the spleen, liver, and cecal content samples of the infected birds on 15 and 21 dpi.


Assuntos
Animais , Bacteriologia , Galinhas/microbiologia , Salmonella , Sorogrupo
2.
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-759627

Resumo

In order to maintain the high production and export rates achieved by the Brazilian poultry industry, it is necessary to prevent and control certain disease agents, such as Salmonella spp. Using bacterial cultures, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in specimens collected from broiler facilities. Local wild birds were also sampled, as well as the feces of swine housed on the poultry farm. After sample collection, the isolated serotypes were subsequently inoculated into broiler chicks to determine their effects. Positive samples were collected from the following locations in the poultry facilities: poultry litter (S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Heidelberg; S. Infantis), broiler feces (S. Heidelberg; S. serotype 6,7:R:-; S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Tennessee), water (S. Glostrup; S. serotype 6,8:d:-;), and lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) found in the litter (S. Tennessee). Among the 36 wild birds captured, S. Heidelberg was isolated from one bird's organs and intestinal contents (Colaptes campestris), and S. Enteritidis was isolated from another bird's intestinal contents (Zenaida auriculata). Salmonella Panama and Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from swine feces. One-day-old chicks (150) were divided into 10 groups of 15 animals each. Each group was orally inoculated with a previously isolated serotype of Salmonella. Soft stools were observed on the cage floor and around the birds' cloaca between 3 and 12 days post-infection (dpi). The different serotypes of Salmonella used to inoculate the chicks were re-isolated from the spleen, liver, and cecal content samples of the infected birds on 15 and 21 dpi.

3.
R. bras. Ci. avíc. ; 15(4): 301-306, Dec. 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-29165

Resumo

In order to maintain the high production and export rates achieved by the Brazilian poultry industry, it is necessary to prevent and control certain disease agents, such as Salmonella spp. Using bacterial cultures, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in specimens collected from broiler facilities. Local wild birds were also sampled, as well as the feces of swine housed on the poultry farm. After sample collection, the isolated serotypes were subsequently inoculated into broiler chicks to determine their effects. Positive samples were collected from the following locations in the poultry facilities: poultry litter (S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Heidelberg; S. Infantis), broiler feces (S. Heidelberg; S. serotype 6,7:R:-; S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Tennessee), water (S. Glostrup; S. serotype 6,8:d:-;), and lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) found in the litter (S. Tennessee). Among the 36 wild birds captured, S. Heidelberg was isolated from one bird's organs and intestinal contents (Colaptes campestris), and S. Enteritidis was isolated from another bird's intestinal contents (Zenaida auriculata). Salmonella Panama and Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from swine feces. One-day-old chicks (150) were divided into 10 groups of 15 animals each. Each group was orally inoculated with a previously isolated serotype of Salmonella. Soft stools were observed on the cage floor and around the birds' cloaca between 3 and 12 days post-infection (dpi). The different serotypes of Salmonella used to inoculate the chicks were re-isolated from the spleen, liver, and cecal content samples of the infected birds on 15 and 21 dpi.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/microbiologia , Sorogrupo , Bacteriologia , Salmonella
4.
Tese em Português | VETTESES | ID: vtt-207822

Resumo

Doenças relacionadas ao manejo estão entre as principais causas de perdas na criação de aves silvestres ou ornamentais em cativeiro. Apesar da urgência em dominar a conservação de espécies em cativeiro, pouco se sabe sobre os fatores limitantes a esses projetos.O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever a ocorrência de enfermidades em aves silvestres em cativeiro, por meio da análise anatomopatológica, microbiológica, molecular, imuno-histoquímica, apresentando os fatores predisponentes observados. Os três artigos apresentados nesse trabalho abordam as causas de perdas em criatórios ou em iniciativas independentes de reabilitação de aves silvestres. O primeiro trabalho discute a casuística de perdas em um plantel de uma diversidade de aves silvestres, incluindo passeriformes, galiformes e musofagiformes. Foram registradas28 mortes em cinco anos de estudo, em que se constatou que as categorias de maior risco foram as aves jovens e as recém introduzidas, com 40% e 28% das mortes, respectivamente. Além disso, se observou que, quanto à causa, 21% das mortes foram secundárias a infestações parasitárias, e que, excetuando-se três casos de mortes decorrentes de doenças da senescência, todas as demais puderam ser atribuídas a inadequações do manejo. O segundo trabalho relata a ocorrência de um surto de micoplasmose por Mycoplasmagallisepticum afetando 12 perdizes chukar, 12 pavões, 19 galinhas ornamentais e 46 exemplares de quarto espécies de faisões, dentre as quais, 36 aves morreram, em um grande aviário comercial. Em um outro evento no mesmo plantel, foi diagnosticada motalidade de 19 perdizes chukar em um grupo de 27, decorrente de histomoníase. Identificaram-se, em ambos os surtos, falhas na realização de quarentena, administração de anti-helmínticos, vacinação, assim como superlotação e higiene inadequada dos recintos. No último trabalho são apresentados casos de osteodistrofia de origem nutricional em cinco aves de rapina jovens, sendo um urubu-de-cabeça-preta, um carcará e três suindaras. Todas as aves foram abondonadas pelos pais e mantidas em cativeiro por criadores leigos, que lhes ofertaram exclusivamente carne desossada ou comida caseira. O diagnóstico dos casos apresentados foi baseado no histórico clínico, nos achados de necropsia e histopatologia, aliado a técnicas complementares.Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos, é possível concluir que o diagnóstico de doenças em aves silvestres em cativeiro e a manutenção de registros sanitários dos planteis pode auxiliar na implementação de programas de conservação de aves silvestres bem estruturados e com grandes chances de sucesso.


Management-related diseases are among the main causes of losses in wildor ornamental birdpropagatig projects. Despite the urgency in dominate the conservation of species in captivity, still little isknown about the limiting factors to these initiatives. The aim of this study is to describe the occurrence of diseases in wild birds in captivity through the anatomopathological, microbiological, molecular and immunohistochemical analysis, relating them to the predisposing factors. The three papers presented in this study address the causes of losses in aviaries or independent wild bird rehabilitation initiatives. The first study discusses the bird losses in a varied flock of wild birds, including passerines, galliformes and musofagiformes. Twenty-eight deaths were recorded in five years of study, where the highest risk categories were young and newly introduced birds, with 40% and 28% of deaths, respectively. In addition, it was observed that 21% of the deaths were secondary to parasitic infestations, and that, except for three cases of deaths due to senescence diseases, all the others were attributed to management inadequacies. The second study reports the occurrence of an outbreak of mycoplasmosis by Mycoplasma gallisepticum affecting 12 chukar partridges, 12 peacocks, 19 ornamental chickens and 46 specimens of four species of pheasants, of which 36 birds died in a large commercial aviary. In another event in the same establishment, the morality of 19 chukar partridges was diagnosed in a group of 27, due to histomoniasis. Failure to perform quarantine, administration of anthelmintics, vaccination, as well as overcrowding and inadequate hygiene of the enclosures were identified in both outbreaks. In the last study,five cases of nutritional osteodystrophyin birds of prey are reported in chicks of a black-headed vulture, a caracara and three barn owls. All the birds were abandoned by the parents and kept in captivity by lay creators, who fed them an all-meat diet or homemade food. The diagnosis of all cases presented in this study was based on the clinical history, on necropsy and hitopathology findings, allied to complementary techniques. Considering the results, we conclude that the diagnosis of diseases in wild birds in captivity and to mantain a sanitary record of the flocks can help in the implementation of well planned and successfull wild bird conservation programs.

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