Effect of exogenous emulsifier and different fat sources on the performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and serum lipid profile of broiler chickens / Efeito de emulsificante exógeno e diferentes fontes de gordura no desempenho, características de carcaça e digestibilidade de nutriente e perfil lipídico sérico em frangos de corte

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an emulsifier on reduced-energy diets using two fat sources for broilers. The study was designed as a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. The first factor was 2 fat sources (poultry fat or beef tallow). The second factor was a basal diet with the recommended energy levels, a diet with a 0.83 MJ/kg of energy reduction, and a diet with an energy reduction and inclusion of 1 g emulsifier/kg of diet. The emulsifier used in this study was composed of soy lecithin and polyethylene glycol ricinoleate. The emulsifier increased apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) in beef tallow diets compared to energy-reduced diets (P<0.001). Broilers fed poultry fat had higher weights and weight gains at 35 and 42 d of age (p=0.001), and they had higher daily deposition of fat in the carcass (P = 0.025) when compared to diets with beef tallow. The inclusion of emulsifiers in broiler diets improves AME and AMEn but did not affect the energy reduction diets, which resulted in reduced performance, decreasing daily fat deposition, but without effects on serum lipid profile in broilers.(AU)

Um estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito de um emulsificante em dietas com baixo teor de energia usando duas fontes de gordura para frangos de corte. O estudo foi delineado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 de tratamentos, o primeiro fator foi 2 fontes de gordura (gordura de frango ou sebo bovino) e o segundo fator uma dieta basal com os níveis de energia recomendados, uma dieta com 0,83 MJ / kg de redução de energia e uma dieta com redução de energia e inclusão de 1 g de emulsionante / kg de dieta (composto de lecitina de soja e ricinoleato de polietilenoglicol). O emulsificante aumentou a energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e a energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) em dietas com sebo bovino em comparação com dietas com redução de energia (P <0,001). Frangos de corte alimentados com gordura de frango apresentam maiores pesos e ganhos de peso aos 35 e 42 dias de idade (p=0,001), e maior deposição diária de gordura na carcaça (P=0,025) quando comparados às dietas com sebo bovino. O emulsificante incluído nas dietas de frangos de corte melhora a EMA e EMAn, mas não supre a redução energética, causando efeitos negativos no desempenho, diminuindo a deposição diária de gordura, mas sem efeitos no perfil lipídico sérico em frangos de corte.(AU)

Effect of Fat Sources and Emulsifier Supplementation in Broiler Starter, Grower and Finisher Diets on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Carcass Parameters

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fat sources and emulsifier supplementation in different phases on growth performance of broilers. Treatments were; (T1) basal ration (BR) which contained soy oil (SO) and had inclusion of emulsifier for whole life, (T2) BR which contained poultry fat (PO) and had inclusion of emulsifier for whole life, (T3) BR which contained oxidized oil (OO) and had inclusion of emulsifier for whole life, (T4) BR which contained SO and had inclusion of emulsifier during starter phase (T5) BR which contained PO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the starter phase, (T6) BR which contained OO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the starter phase, (T7) BR which contained SO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the starter phase (T8) BR which contained PO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the grower phase, (T9) BR which contained OO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the grower phase, (T10) BR which contained SO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the finisher phase, (T11) BR which contained PO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the finisher phase (T12) BR which contained OO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the finisher phase. The Basal ration which contained SO and supplemented emulsifier during the grower phase and throughout life increased the body weight gain. The supplementation of emulsifier in the finisher phase and throughout life in a diet which contained SO had better feed conversion ratio. The supplementation of emulsifier in the finisher phase and throughout life in SO based diet increased the dry matter and crude fat digestibility. We recommend emulsifier supplementation in the finisher phase for the economic point of view.(AU)

Effect of Fat Sources and Emulsifier Supplementation in Broiler Starter, Grower and Finisher Diets on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Carcass Parameters

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fat sources and emulsifier supplementation in different phases on growth performance of broilers. Treatments were; (T1) basal ration (BR) which contained soy oil (SO) and had inclusion of emulsifier for whole life, (T2) BR which contained poultry fat (PO) and had inclusion of emulsifier for whole life, (T3) BR which contained oxidized oil (OO) and had inclusion of emulsifier for whole life, (T4) BR which contained SO and had inclusion of emulsifier during starter phase (T5) BR which contained PO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the starter phase, (T6) BR which contained OO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the starter phase, (T7) BR which contained SO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the starter phase (T8) BR which contained PO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the grower phase, (T9) BR which contained OO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the grower phase, (T10) BR which contained SO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the finisher phase, (T11) BR which contained PO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the finisher phase (T12) BR which contained OO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the finisher phase. The Basal ration which contained SO and supplemented emulsifier during the grower phase and throughout life increased the body weight gain. The supplementation of emulsifier in the finisher phase and throughout life in a diet which contained SO had better feed conversion ratio. The supplementation of emulsifier in the finisher phase and throughout life in SO based diet increased the dry matter and crude fat digestibility. We recommend emulsifier supplementation in the finisher phase for the economic point of view.

Suplementação de Lisolecitina em dietas com diferentes níveis e fontes de gordura para bovinos terminados em confinamento

O experimento 1 teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de dietas suplementadas com sais de cálcio de óleo de palma contendo diferentes concentrações (3,8% e 7,0%) de extrato etéreo (EE) e suas interações com níveis crescentes de inclusão de lisolecitina (0, 0,5 e 1 g por unidade percentual do extrato etéreo da ração) para tourinhos da raça nelore em fase de terminação. Um total de 234 tourinhos, previamente adaptados a dietas de alta energia, com peso inicial médio de 297 kg, foram alojados por 106 dias em 30 baias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 (três níveis de lisolecitina e dois níveis de EE). A ingestão de matéria seca, ganho médio diário e peso corporal final foram menores para a dieta de bovinos alimentados com maior concentração de EE (P <0,05). Houve interação (P <0,1) entre o nível dietético de EE e a lisolecitina. A lisolecitina aumentou o ganho médio diário e o peso corporal final de bovinos alimentados com dietas contendo maior concentração de EE, mas não de bovinos alimentados com dietas contendo menor concentração de EE. O objetivo do experimento 2 foi avaliar o efeito de dietas com diferentes fontes de gordura (sais de cálcio de óleo de soja, sais de cálcio de óleo de palma e óleo de soja degomado) e dois níveis de lisolecitina (0 e 7 g / cabeça / dia). sobre a fermentação ruminal e digestibilidade do trato total de nutrientes. Um total de 30 novilhos Nelore foram alojados em 30 baias individuais por 30 dias (23 dias de adaptação e 7 dias de coleta). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 (três fontes de gordura e dois níveis de lisolecitina). Houve interação entre fontes de gordura e lisolecitina para pH ruminal (P = 0.01), proporções molares no rúmen de acetato (P <0.01), propionato (P = 0.02), isobutirato (P <0.01), valerato (P <0.01), isovalerato (P <0,01) e concentração molar de AGV total (P = 0,09). De acordo com os dados, não houve efeito de interação (P> 0,05) entre a fonte de gordura e a lisolecitina para ingestão de matéria seca e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes. A lisolecitina melhorou a fermentação ruminal de dietas com óleo de soja degomado e não teve efeito sobre a digestibilidade da EE independente da fonte de gordura, mas aumentou a digestibilidade aparente de fibra no trato total.

Experiment 1 was designed to evaluate the effect of diets supplemented with calcium salts of palm oil to contain different concentrations (3.8% and 7.0%) of ether extract (EE) and their interacions with increasing levels of inclusion of Lysolecithin (0, 0.5 and 1 g per percentage unit of ether extract of the diet) for finishing Nellore bulls. A total of 234 Nelore bulls, previously adapted to high energy diets, with a mean initial body weight of 297 kg were housed for 106 days in 30 pens. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement (three levels of lysolecithin and two EE levels). Intakes of DM, average daily gain en final body weight were lower for cattle fed hihg EE diets (P<0.05). There was an interaction (P<0.1) between dietary EE level and Lysolecithin. Lysolecithin increased cattle average daily gain and final body weight of cattle fed hihg EE diets, but not of cattle fed low EE diets. The objective of experiment 2 was to evaluate the effect of diets with different fat sources (calcium salts of soybean oil, calcium salts of palm oil and degummed soybean oil) and two levels of inclusion of Lysolecithin (0 and 7 g/head/day) on rumen fermentation and total tract digestibility of nutrients. A total of 30 fininshing Nellore steers were housed in 30 individual pens for 30 days (23 days adptation and 7 days collection period). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement (three sources of fat and two levels of Lysolecithin). There was interaction between fat sources and Lysolecithin for rumen pH (P=0.01), for rumen molar proportions of acetate (P<0.01), propionate (P=0.02), isobutyrate (P<0.01), valerate (P<0.01), isovalerate (P<0.01), and molar concentration of total VFA (P=0.09). According to the data, there was no interaction effect (P>0.05) between fat source and Lysolecithin for DMI and nutrient digestibility. Lysolecithin improved rumen fermentation of diets with degummed soybean oil and had no effect on EE digestibility independent of fat source, but it increased total tract fiber digestibility.

Desempenho, metabolismo e níveis plasmáticos de colesterol e triglicerídeos em frangos de corte alimentados com óleo ácido e óleo de soja

Three experiments (EXP) were carried on; in two of them the focus was performance and the third consisted in a metabolism study. The first EXP used 384 male Cobb 500 strain chicks and was conducted from one to 20 days of age. The second EXP was conducted with the same birds after all of them were homogenized, from 21 to 34 days, using 256 broilers. The metabolism assay utilized 32 broilers and was carried on from 21 to 34 days. Acidulated soybean soapstock (ASS) and soybean oil (SO) included in four levels (2; 3; 4 and 5%) were compared, forming eight treatments with four replication each, arranged in a 2x4 factorial. Performance, diet coefficient of metabolism of dry matter (CMDM), of crude fat (CMCF) and of gross energy (CMCE) and also the contents of triglycerides and blood serum cholesterol on the 34th day were evaluated. There was no interaction between oil type and inclusion levels for any response. Increasing oil level in the diet higher body weight (P 0.01) and better feed conversion (FC) (P 0.01) were observed. Only in the first performance EXP, but not in the EXP from 21 to 34 days, reduction in feed intake (P 0.01) by adding oil was observed. In the metabolism assay, birds receiving ASS presented better CMDM (P 0.01), related to SO. Increasing in oil level improved CMDM (P 0.01) and CMCF (P 0.01) of the diets. Higher levels of triglycerides were noticed in the blood serum of birds receaving higher levels of oil (P 0.01). The ASS showed RE of 93 and 90% in the performance EXP from 1 to 20 and 21 to 34 days, respectively, based on FC and of 95%, compared to SO, based on regression analysis between oil level added (X) and CMCF (Y), determined in the metabolism assay. ASS is a good energetic source for broiler diets, presenting energetic value a bit lower of the SO.

Neste trabalho são relatados três experimentos (EXP) realizados, sendo dois de desempenho e um de metabolismo. O primeiro experimento de desempenho utilizou 384 pintos de corte machos, da linhagem Cobb 500, e foi conduzido com animais de um a 20 dias de idade. O segundo EXP de desempenho foi realizado com as mesmas aves, após homogeneização de todas elas, com 21 a 34 dias de idade, utilizando-se 256 frangos. O ensaio de metabolismo usou 32 frangos e foi realizado com animais de 21 a 34 dias de idade. Testou-se o óleo ácido de soja (OAS) e o óleo degomado de soja (ODS) incluídos na dieta em quatro níveis (2, 3, 4 e 5%), constituindo oito tratamentos com quatro repetições cada, dispostos em fatorial 2x4. Foram avaliados o desempenho e o metabolismo das aves e o coeficiente de metabolismo da matéria seca (CMMS), da gordura bruta (CMGB) e da energia bruta (CMEB) das dietas, além de teores de triglicerídios e colesterol sanguíneo no 34o dia de idade. Nenhuma interação foi observada entre os óleos e os níveis utilizados (P>0,05). Com o aumento do nível de óleo na dieta, observou-se maior peso final das aves (P 0,01) e melhor conversão alimentar (CA) (P 0,01). No EXP de desempenho com animais de um a 21 dias, ocorreu redução no consumo de ração (P 0,01) com a adição de óleo, mas não no EXP com animais de 21 a 34 dias. No ensaio de metabolismo, aves que receberam OAS apresentaram melhor CMMS (P 0,01) em relação ao ODS. O aumento do nível de inclusão de óleo, independentemente do tipo, melhorou o CMMS (P 0,01) e o CMGB (P 0, 01) das dietas. Observou-se maiores níveis de triglicerídios no sangue das aves com maiores níveis de óleo (P 0,01). O OAS mostrou eficiência relativa de 93 e 90% nos EXP de desempenho com animais de um a 20 e de 21 e 34 dias, respectivamente, com base na CA e de 95%, comparado ao ODS, com base em análise de regressão entre o nível de óleo adicionado (X) e o CMGB (Y) determinado no ensaio de metabolismo. O OAS é uma boa fonte energética para uso em dietas de frangos de corte, apresentando valor energético um pouco inferior ao ODS.

Desempenho, metabolismo e níveis plasmáticos de colesterol e triglicerídeos em frangos de corte alimentados com óleo ácido e óleo de soja

Three experiments (EXP) were carried on; in two of them the focus was performance and the third consisted in a metabolism study. The first EXP used 384 male Cobb 500 strain chicks and was conducted from one to 20 days of age. The second EXP was conducted with the same birds after all of them were homogenized, from 21 to 34 days, using 256 broilers. The metabolism assay utilized 32 broilers and was carried on from 21 to 34 days. Acidulated soybean soapstock (ASS) and soybean oil (SO) included in four levels (2; 3; 4 and 5%) were compared, forming eight treatments with four replication each, arranged in a 2x4 factorial. Performance, diet coefficient of metabolism of dry matter (CMDM), of crude fat (CMCF) and of gross energy (CMCE) and also the contents of triglycerides and blood serum cholesterol on the 34th day were evaluated. There was no interaction between oil type and inclusion levels for any response. Increasing oil level in the diet higher body weight (P 0.01) and better feed conversion (FC) (P 0.01) were observed. Only in the first performance EXP, but not in the EXP from 21 to 34 days, reduction in feed intake (P 0.01) by adding oil was observed. In the metabolism assay, birds receiving ASS presented better CMDM (P 0.01), related to SO. Increasing in oil level improved CMDM (P 0.01) and CMCF (P 0.01) of the diets. Higher levels of triglycerides were noticed in the blood serum of birds receaving higher levels of oil (P 0.01). The ASS showed RE of 93 and 90% in the performance EXP from 1 to 20 and 21 to 34 days, respectively, based on FC and of 95%, compared to SO, based on regression analysis between oil level added (X) and CMCF (Y), determined in the metabolism assay. ASS is a good energetic source for broiler diets, presenting energetic value a bit lower of the SO.

Neste trabalho são relatados três experimentos (EXP) realizados, sendo dois de desempenho e um de metabolismo. O primeiro experimento de desempenho utilizou 384 pintos de corte machos, da linhagem Cobb 500, e foi conduzido com animais de um a 20 dias de idade. O segundo EXP de desempenho foi realizado com as mesmas aves, após homogeneização de todas elas, com 21 a 34 dias de idade, utilizando-se 256 frangos. O ensaio de metabolismo usou 32 frangos e foi realizado com animais de 21 a 34 dias de idade. Testou-se o óleo ácido de soja (OAS) e o óleo degomado de soja (ODS) incluídos na dieta em quatro níveis (2, 3, 4 e 5%), constituindo oito tratamentos com quatro repetições cada, dispostos em fatorial 2x4. Foram avaliados o desempenho e o metabolismo das aves e o coeficiente de metabolismo da matéria seca (CMMS), da gordura bruta (CMGB) e da energia bruta (CMEB) das dietas, além de teores de triglicerídios e colesterol sanguíneo no 34o dia de idade. Nenhuma interação foi observada entre os óleos e os níveis utilizados (P>0,05). Com o aumento do nível de óleo na dieta, observou-se maior peso final das aves (P 0,01) e melhor conversão alimentar (CA) (P 0,01). No EXP de desempenho com animais de um a 21 dias, ocorreu redução no consumo de ração (P 0,01) com a adição de óleo, mas não no EXP com animais de 21 a 34 dias. No ensaio de metabolismo, aves que receberam OAS apresentaram melhor CMMS (P 0,01) em relação ao ODS. O aumento do nível de inclusão de óleo, independentemente do tipo, melhorou o CMMS (P 0,01) e o CMGB (P 0, 01) das dietas. Observou-se maiores níveis de triglicerídios no sangue das aves com maiores níveis de óleo (P 0,01). O OAS mostrou eficiência relativa de 93 e 90% nos EXP de desempenho com animais de um a 20 e de 21 e 34 dias, respectivamente, com base na CA e de 95%, comparado ao ODS, com base em análise de regressão entre o nível de óleo adicionado (X) e o CMGB (Y) determinado no ensaio de metabolismo. O OAS é uma boa fonte energética para uso em dietas de frangos de corte, apresentando valor energético um pouco inferior ao ODS.