Feline sino-orbital fungal infection caused by Aspergillus and Scopulariopsis

Background: Deep fungal infections of the orbit and nasal passages causing rhinitis and ulcerative keratomycosis areuncommonly reported in cats. Hyalohyphomycetes and phaeohyphomycetes have rarely been associated with this disorder.Sino-orbital fungal diseases are emerging and more invasive than sino-nasal fungal diseases with poor response to therapyand a worse prognosis. Brachycephalic feline breeds seem to be at increased risk for development of upper respiratoryfungal diseases. Diagnosis is based on the demonstration of fungal hyphae by cytology or histology and definitive confirmation by fungal culture and molecular methods. This is the first case report of a cat with clinical mixed fungal ball withAspergillus and Scopulariopsis in Brazil.Case: A 3-year-old male Persian cat, in São José city, Santa Catarina, Brazil, was presented with exophthalmos and corneal ulcer of the left eye and protrusion, hyperemia, quemosis and fibroses of the left third eyelid. The retropulsion of theglobe was negative in this eyeball and a presumptive diagnosis of a retrobulbar mass was made. The patient underwenta surgical procedure for inspection and collection of samples for bacterial and mycological culture. Culture revealed nobacterial growth, however, unique and abundant growth of Aspergillus spp. was present. A subconjunctival enucleation ofthe left eye was made and the mass was sent for histopathology examination. Histology showed inflammatory proliferativenecrotizing pyogranulomatous reaction; with the presence of severe fungal infection evidenced by large number of hyalineseptated regular and irregular mold hyphae. Molecular identification was performed using panfungal primers (ITS3-F /ITS4-R). Patient was treated with systemic itraconazole associated with amphotericin B and topical clotrimazole. A massstarted to grow rapidly in the left pterygopalatine fossa and was surgically removed, but recurrence occurred seven daysafter...

Feline sino-orbital fungal infection caused by Aspergillus and Scopulariopsis

Background: Deep fungal infections of the orbit and nasal passages causing rhinitis and ulcerative keratomycosis areuncommonly reported in cats. Hyalohyphomycetes and phaeohyphomycetes have rarely been associated with this disorder.Sino-orbital fungal diseases are emerging and more invasive than sino-nasal fungal diseases with poor response to therapyand a worse prognosis. Brachycephalic feline breeds seem to be at increased risk for development of upper respiratoryfungal diseases. Diagnosis is based on the demonstration of fungal hyphae by cytology or histology and definitive confirmation by fungal culture and molecular methods. This is the first case report of a cat with clinical mixed fungal ball withAspergillus and Scopulariopsis in Brazil.Case: A 3-year-old male Persian cat, in São José city, Santa Catarina, Brazil, was presented with exophthalmos and corneal ulcer of the left eye and protrusion, hyperemia, quemosis and fibroses of the left third eyelid. The retropulsion of theglobe was negative in this eyeball and a presumptive diagnosis of a retrobulbar mass was made. The patient underwenta surgical procedure for inspection and collection of samples for bacterial and mycological culture. Culture revealed nobacterial growth, however, unique and abundant growth of Aspergillus spp. was present. A subconjunctival enucleation ofthe left eye was made and the mass was sent for histopathology examination. Histology showed inflammatory proliferativenecrotizing pyogranulomatous reaction; with the presence of severe fungal infection evidenced by large number of hyalineseptated regular and irregular mold hyphae. Molecular identification was performed using panfungal primers (ITS3-F /ITS4-R). Patient was treated with systemic itraconazole associated with amphotericin B and topical clotrimazole. A massstarted to grow rapidly in the left pterygopalatine fossa and was surgically removed, but recurrence occurred seven daysafter...(AU)

Pneumonia e leptomeningite criptocócica em felino: relato de caso / Cryptococcal pneumonia and leptomeningitis in feline: a case report

A criptococose é uma doença fúngica infecciosa, tegumentar e/ou sistêmica, crônica, de distribuição global, causada por levedura sa-próbia do gênero Cryptococcus que pode infectar humanos, animais silvestres e mamíferos domésticos, especialmente felinos domésticos. Duas espécies estão mais diretamente envolvidas com a doença: o Cryptococcus neoformans e o Cryptococus gattii, porém pacientes imunocomprometidos têm, como principal causador, o Cryptococcus neoformans. Todavia, O Cryptococcus gattii, além de afetar hospedei-ros imunossuprimidos, também pode causar a doença em indivíduos imunocompetentes. Este relato apresenta os achados clínicos e o diagnóstico firmado com o exame histopatológico de um caso de pneumonia e leptomeningite criptocócica em um felino, macho, sem raça definida, de cinco anos de idade, atendido no Hospital Veterinário “Dr. Vicente Borelli” – do Centro Universitário da Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos (Unifeob).

Cryptococcosis is a chronic, global, infectious, integumentary and/or systemic fungal disease caused by yeast from the genus Cryptococcus that can infect humans, wild animals and domestic mammals, especially domestic cats. Two species are most directly involved with the disease Cryptococcus neoformansand Cryptococcus gattii, but immunocompromised patients have, as the main cause, Cryptococcus neoformans. However, Cryptococcus gattii, despite affecting immunosuppressed hosts, can also cause disease in immunocompetent individuals. The present report presents the clinical findings and the diagnosis confirmed through the histopathological examination of a cryptococcal pneumonia and leptomeningitis case observed in a male feline, undefined breed, five-year-old, treated at the Veterinary Hospital “Dr. Vicente Borreli”– do Centro Universitário da Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos (Unifeob).

Pneumonia e leptomeningite criptocócica em felino: relato de caso / Cryptococcal pneumonia and leptomeningitis in feline: a case report

A criptococose é uma doença fúngica infecciosa, tegumentar e/ou sistêmica, crônica, de distribuição global, causada por levedura sa-próbia do gênero Cryptococcus que pode infectar humanos, animais silvestres e mamíferos domésticos, especialmente felinos domésticos. Duas espécies estão mais diretamente envolvidas com a doença: o Cryptococcus neoformans e o Cryptococus gattii, porém pacientes imunocomprometidos têm, como principal causador, o Cryptococcus neoformans. Todavia, O Cryptococcus gattii, além de afetar hospedei-ros imunossuprimidos, também pode causar a doença em indivíduos imunocompetentes. Este relato apresenta os achados clínicos e o diagnóstico firmado com o exame histopatológico de um caso de pneumonia e leptomeningite criptocócica em um felino, macho, sem raça definida, de cinco anos de idade, atendido no Hospital Veterinário “Dr. Vicente Borelli” do Centro Universitário da Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos (Unifeob). (AU)

Cryptococcosis is a chronic, global, infectious, integumentary and/or systemic fungal disease caused by yeast from the genus Cryptococcus that can infect humans, wild animals and domestic mammals, especially domestic cats. Two species are most directly involved with the disease Cryptococcus neoformansand Cryptococcus gattii, but immunocompromised patients have, as the main cause, Cryptococcus neoformans. However, Cryptococcus gattii, despite affecting immunosuppressed hosts, can also cause disease in immunocompetent individuals. The present report presents the clinical findings and the diagnosis confirmed through the histopathological examination of a cryptococcal pneumonia and leptomeningitis case observed in a male feline, undefined breed, five-year-old, treated at the Veterinary Hospital “Dr. Vicente Borreli”do Centro Universitário da Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos (Unifeob).(AU)

Biocontrol potential of saline- or alkaline-tolerant Trichoderma asperellum mutants against three pathogenic fungi under saline or alkaline stress conditions

ABSTRACT Salinity and alkalinity are major abiotic stresses that limit growth and development of poplar. We investigated biocontrol potential of saline- and alkaline-tolerant mutants of Trichoderma asperellum to mediate the effects of salinity or alkalinity stresses on Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis (PdPap poplar) seedlings. A T-DNA insertion mutant library of T. asperellum was constructed using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation system; this process yielded sixty five positive transformants (T1T65). The salinity tolerant mutant, T59, grew in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing up to 10% (1709.40 mM) NaCl. Under NaCl-rich conditions, T59 was most effective in inhibiting Alternaria alternata (52.00%). The alkalinity tolerant mutants, T3 and T5, grew in PDA containing up to 0.4% (47.62 mM) NaHCO3. The ability of the T3 and T5 mutants to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum declined as NaHCO3 concentrations increased. NaHCO3 tolerance of the PdPap seedlings improved following treatment with the spores of the WT, T3, and T5 strains. The salinity tolerant mutant (T59) and two alkalinity tolerant mutants (T3 and T5) generated in this study can be applied to decrease the incidence of pathogenic fungi infection under saline or alkaline stress.

Biocontrol potential of saline - or alkaline - tolerant Trichoderma asperellum mutants against three pathogenic fungi under saline or alkaline stress conditions

Salinity and alkalinity are major abiotic stresses that limit growth and development of poplar. We investigated biocontrol potential of saline- and alkaline-tolerant mutants of Trichoderma asperellum to mediate the effects of salinity or alkalinity stresses on Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis (PdPap poplar) seedlings. A T-DNA insertion mutant library of T. asperellum was constructed using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation system; this process yielded sixty five positive transformants (T1–T65). The salinity tolerant mutant, T59, grew in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing up to 10% (1709.40 mM) NaCl. Under NaCl-rich conditions, T59 was most effective in inhibiting Alternaria alternata (52.00%). The alkalinity tolerant mutants, T3 and T5, grew in PDA containing up to 0.4% (47.62 mM) NaHCO3. The ability of the T3 and T5 mutants to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum declined as NaHCO3 concentrations increased. NaHCO3 tolerance of the PdPap seedlings improved following treatment with the spores of the WT, T3, and T5 strains. The salinity tolerant mutant (T59) and two alkalinity tolerant mutants (T3 and T5) generated in this study can be applied to decrease the incidence of pathogenic fungi infection under saline or alkaline stress.(AU)

Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis associated with acute myocardial infarction in dog / Aspergilose pulmonar associado a infarto agudo do miocárdio em cão

Background: Fungi of the genus Aspergillus are ubiquitous microorganisms of opportunistic character, of which animals and humans are continually exposed. Are described three main forms of aspergillosis in dogs: nasal, disseminated and bronchopulmonary. This form which is restricted to the lung parenchyma is considered rare in dogs. The aim of this paper is to report a case of pulmonary aspergillosis associated to acute myocardial infarction in a dog, focusing on epidemiological, clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. Case: A male dog, 4-year-old, Pinscher, clinically presented dyspnea, anorexia, vomiting, concentrated urine and dark and mollified faeces. On physical examination, there were congested oral and conjunctival mucosas, dehydration and petechiae in the outer ear. The animal died five days after the clinical attendance and was sent for necropsy. The macroscopic lesions were restricted to the lung, heart and liver. There were multifocal areas of consolidation in the lung parenchyma and yellowish content in the trachea and bronchi lumen. The heart was rounded and with pale areas in the myocardium. Liver was discreet accentuation of the lobular pattern. Histologically the lesion was characterized by pyogranulomatous and necrotizing bronchopneumonia, multifocal to coalescing, moderate, associated with myriads of intralesional hyphae consistent with [...]

Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis associated with acute myocardial infarction in dog / Aspergilose pulmonar associado a infarto agudo do miocárdio em cão

Background: Fungi of the genus Aspergillus are ubiquitous microorganisms of opportunistic character, of which animals and humans are continually exposed. Are described three main forms of aspergillosis in dogs: nasal, disseminated and bronchopulmonary. This form which is restricted to the lung parenchyma is considered rare in dogs. The aim of this paper is to report a case of pulmonary aspergillosis associated to acute myocardial infarction in a dog, focusing on epidemiological, clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. Case: A male dog, 4-year-old, Pinscher, clinically presented dyspnea, anorexia, vomiting, concentrated urine and dark and mollified faeces. On physical examination, there were congested oral and conjunctival mucosas, dehydration and petechiae in the outer ear. The animal died five days after the clinical attendance and was sent for necropsy. The macroscopic lesions were restricted to the lung, heart and liver. There were multifocal areas of consolidation in the lung parenchyma and yellowish content in the trachea and bronchi lumen. The heart was rounded and with pale areas in the myocardium. Liver was discreet accentuation of the lobular pattern. Histologically the lesion was characterized by pyogranulomatous and necrotizing bronchopneumonia, multifocal to coalescing, moderate, associated with myriads of intralesional hyphae consistent with [...](AU)

Manejo de videiras sob cultivo protegido

Protected grapevines cultivation is an alternative to decrease incidence of fungal disease in some regions with excess rain during the ripening period. Plastic covering use above rows cause modifications in plant's microclimate. Theses alterations propitiated by protected cultivation can be promotes increase in plant development and yield. Plastic covering is unfavorable for fungal disease development as clusters rot, nowadays, an important problem in healthy handling in Serra Gaúcha Region, reducing the need of sprays. Another point in plastic covering is the necessity of careful fungicides use; due to ultraviolet reduction radiation and rain absence above clusters, which prolongs the fungicide residual period. This higher residual accumulation in grapes is dangerous for consumption in natura, which directly affects the consummator as well as vinification process, interfering in yeast in wine's fermentation. In general, this technology has efficiency in control fungal disease, however, another production system need to be considered, mainly because requires a different management when compared to the conventional production.

O cultivo protegido na cultura da videira apresenta-se como uma alternativa na diminuição da incidência de doenças fúngicas em regiões que apresentam excesso de chuvas no período da maturação. A utilização de cobertura plástica sobre as fileiras de plantas ocasiona modificações no microclima junto às videiras. Essas alterações propiciam condições favoráveis ao crescimento e incremento da produtividade. Todavia, desfavorecem o desenvolvimento de doenças fúngicas, como as podridões de cachos, que atualmente é um dos maiores problemas no controle fitossanitário na "Serra Gaúcha", reduzindo a necessidade de fungicidas. O uso de fungicidas nessas condições merece muita cautela, devido à redução de radiação ultravioleta e ausência de chuvas sobre os cachos, pelo uso da cobertura plástica, que prolonga o período residual dos fungicidas. O maior acúmulo e a persistência são preocupantes, tanto nas uvas destinadas ao consumo in natura, que afeta diretamente o consumidor, quanto nas destinadas à vinificação, em que prejudica a atuação das leveduras na fermentação dos vinhos. De forma geral, a tecnologia de cobrir os vinhedos com filmes plásticos é eficaz no controle de doenças e na redução do uso de fungicidas. Contudo, deve ser considerada como um novo sistema de produção, principalmente por exigir um manejo fitossanitário distinto em relação ao cultivo convencional.

Manejo de videiras sob cultivo protegido

Protected grapevines cultivation is an alternative to decrease incidence of fungal disease in some regions with excess rain during the ripening period. Plastic covering use above rows cause modifications in plant's microclimate. Theses alterations propitiated by protected cultivation can be promotes increase in plant development and yield. Plastic covering is unfavorable for fungal disease development as clusters rot, nowadays, an important problem in healthy handling in Serra Gaúcha Region, reducing the need of sprays. Another point in plastic covering is the necessity of careful fungicides use; due to ultraviolet reduction radiation and rain absence above clusters, which prolongs the fungicide residual period. This higher residual accumulation in grapes is dangerous for consumption in natura, which directly affects the consummator as well as vinification process, interfering in yeast in wine's fermentation. In general, this technology has efficiency in control fungal disease, however, another production system need to be considered, mainly because requires a different management when compared to the conventional production.

O cultivo protegido na cultura da videira apresenta-se como uma alternativa na diminuição da incidência de doenças fúngicas em regiões que apresentam excesso de chuvas no período da maturação. A utilização de cobertura plástica sobre as fileiras de plantas ocasiona modificações no microclima junto às videiras. Essas alterações propiciam condições favoráveis ao crescimento e incremento da produtividade. Todavia, desfavorecem o desenvolvimento de doenças fúngicas, como as podridões de cachos, que atualmente é um dos maiores problemas no controle fitossanitário na "Serra Gaúcha", reduzindo a necessidade de fungicidas. O uso de fungicidas nessas condições merece muita cautela, devido à redução de radiação ultravioleta e ausência de chuvas sobre os cachos, pelo uso da cobertura plástica, que prolonga o período residual dos fungicidas. O maior acúmulo e a persistência são preocupantes, tanto nas uvas destinadas ao consumo in natura, que afeta diretamente o consumidor, quanto nas destinadas à vinificação, em que prejudica a atuação das leveduras na fermentação dos vinhos. De forma geral, a tecnologia de cobrir os vinhedos com filmes plásticos é eficaz no controle de doenças e na redução do uso de fungicidas. Contudo, deve ser considerada como um novo sistema de produção, principalmente por exigir um manejo fitossanitário distinto em relação ao cultivo convencional.

Manejo de videiras sob cultivo protegido

Protected grapevines cultivation is an alternative to decrease incidence of fungal disease in some regions with excess rain during the ripening period. Plastic covering use above rows cause modifications in plant's microclimate. Theses alterations propitiated by protected cultivation can be promotes increase in plant development and yield. Plastic covering is unfavorable for fungal disease development as clusters rot, nowadays, an important problem in healthy handling in Serra Gaúcha Region, reducing the need of sprays. Another point in plastic covering is the necessity of careful fungicides use; due to ultraviolet reduction radiation and rain absence above clusters, which prolongs the fungicide residual period. This higher residual accumulation in grapes is dangerous for consumption in natura, which directly affects the consummator as well as vinification process, interfering in yeast in wine's fermentation. In general, this technology has efficiency in control fungal disease, however, another production system need to be considered, mainly because requires a different management when compared to the conventional production.

O cultivo protegido na cultura da videira apresenta-se como uma alternativa na diminuição da incidência de doenças fúngicas em regiões que apresentam excesso de chuvas no período da maturação. A utilização de cobertura plástica sobre as fileiras de plantas ocasiona modificações no microclima junto às videiras. Essas alterações propiciam condições favoráveis ao crescimento e incremento da produtividade. Todavia, desfavorecem o desenvolvimento de doenças fúngicas, como as podridões de cachos, que atualmente é um dos maiores problemas no controle fitossanitário na "Serra Gaúcha", reduzindo a necessidade de fungicidas. O uso de fungicidas nessas condições merece muita cautela, devido à redução de radiação ultravioleta e ausência de chuvas sobre os cachos, pelo uso da cobertura plástica, que prolonga o período residual dos fungicidas. O maior acúmulo e a persistência são preocupantes, tanto nas uvas destinadas ao consumo in natura, que afeta diretamente o consumidor, quanto nas destinadas à vinificação, em que prejudica a atuação das leveduras na fermentação dos vinhos. De forma geral, a tecnologia de cobrir os vinhedos com filmes plásticos é eficaz no controle de doenças e na redução do uso de fungicidas. Contudo, deve ser considerada como um novo sistema de produção, principalmente por exigir um manejo fitossanitário distinto em relação ao cultivo convencional.