Effects of amylin on egg quality traits of hens during the early laying period

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of amylin, a pancreatic hormone polypeptide, on egg quality traits in laying hens. A total of 40 birds (14 wk of age) were randomly divided into two treatments with two replicates, 10 birds in each replicate. Twenty birds were subcutaneously injected with amylin at 75 µg/kg every other day (treatment 1), and the remaining animals (20 hens) were given only water as the control group (treatment 2). Eggs collected from the two groups (140 eggs per group) were examined for several quality performance traits such as egg weight, specific gravity, shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell ash, eggshell weight, Haugh unit (HU), albumen index, yolk index, yolk color, and albumen height. The results indicated that amylin had a positive effect on some egg quality traits in laying hens. Specific gravity, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight, HU, albumen index, yolk index, and albumen height, which are all considered as important quality parameters from the consumer point of view, especially HU, were relatively improved in the amylin treatment group. These results showed that the injection of 75 µg/kg amylin has a significant effect on some egg quality traits. Considering that egg quality characteristics are crucial for the egg industry, this study can be a reference for the detailed investigation of the use of amylin in the different stages of egg production.

Effect of Cold Chain on Chicken Egg Quality in a Simulated Post Washing Processing and Consumer Storage Model

This study assessed the effect of the cold chain on egg quality in a model simulation of post-washing processing and consumer storage. Post-washed eggs were assigned to 12 groups that simulated the conditions of temporary storage after washing (step 1; 7°C or 25°C for 1 day), transportation (step 2; 7°C or 30°C for 8 h), and selling or storage (step 3; 7°C, 25°C or 30°C for 4 weeks). The freshness and microbial characteristics of the eggs were analyzed for 4 weeks. High-temperature conditions in steps 1 or 2 resulted in reduced quality and more bacteria on eggshells, and this egg quality deterioration worsened after storage for over 2 weeks. In step 3, the quality of the eggs stored at 7°C was maintained during the entire storage, whereas the eggs stored at 25°C had lower quality and broken vitelline membranes in week 4, and the eggs stored at 30°C were spoiled. Eggs should be stored from post-washing until storage by consumers in a cold environment without interruption of temperature control to maintain quality and safety. Consumers must be aware that eggs should be stored at refrigerator temperature.(AU)

Consumer Preference and Quality Characteristics of Different-category Eggs Sold at Supermarkets in Rio de Janeiro / Preferência do Consumidor e Características de Qualidade em Ovos de Diferentes Categorias Comercializados nos Supermercados do Rio de Janeiro

This study approached the consumer preference and characteristics of eggs from various categories sold at supermarkets in Rio de Janeiro. The study was performed in three phases. In the first one, 180 'caipira' eggs were randomly acquired from three supermarkets considering the consumers' socioeconomic profile (middle, upper, and lower class). In the second phase, 456 eggs from conventional, free-range, 'caipira' and omega-3 enriched categories were obtained without considering the socioeconomic condition. After the acquisition, the eggs were taken for further analyses made the next day. The last phase was based on the perception and prevalence of consumers found in the second stage. This time, 443 consumers answered a Google Forms questionnaire. 'Caipira' eggs sold at supermarkets frequented by upper-class consumers maintained a better quality. When social class was discarded as a criterion, eggs from 'caipira', free-range, organic, and omega-3 enriched systems showed inferior quality compared to conventional eggs. The consumer preferences indicated that much misinformation regarding technical aspects of egg production persists, despite the increasing consumption of this protein source. In addition, the study revealed that many consumers still think there are hormone inputs in poultry farming, and they know very little about the production process or the differences among the egg categories for sale at Brazilian supermarkets.(AU)

O estudo abordou a preferência de consumo e as características de qualidade em ovos de diversas categorias, comercializados em supermercados do Rio de Janeiro e foi realizado em três etapas. Na primeira, foram adquiridos de forma inteiramente casualizada, 180 ovos marrons apenas de categoria caipira, em três diferentes supermercados, considerando o perfil socioeconômico dos consumidores (classe média, baixa e alta). Na segunda, foram adquiridos pelos mesmos critérios e de supermercados distintos, 456 ovos marrons de várias categorias (convencional, free-range, caipira, orgânicos e enriquecidos (ômega-3), sem considerar a condição socioeconômica dos consumidores. Após aquisição, foram levados para análise, que foi realizada no dia seguinte. A terceira etapa, se baseou na percepção e prevalência de consumo de ovos da mesma categoria da segunda etapa, em entrevista na forma de questionário disponibilizado na plataforma Google Forms, para um total de 443 participantes. Ovos de categoria caipira, comercializados em mercados frequentados por consumidores de classe alta, mantiveram melhor a qualidade. Quando não foi considerada a classe social, ovos free-range, caipira, orgânico e enriquecidos apresentaram qualidade inferior, comparado aos convencionais. A preferência de consumo abordada, indicou que o aumento no consumo de ovos, é acompanhado de muita desinformação acerca de vários aspectos inerentes a essa proteína e de forma alarmante, revelou que muitos consumidores ainda acreditam na participação de hormônios na produção de aves, além de pouco ou nada conhecerem sobre como esse alimento é produzido e as diferenças entre as diversas categorias de ovos expostos à venda nos supermercados brasileiros.(AU)

Qualidade de ovos comerciais oriundos de poedeiras tratadas com doxiciclina / Quality of commercial egg from laying hens treated with doxycycline / Calidad de huevos comerciales de gallinas ponedoras tratadas con doxiciclina

Doxiciclinaé um fármaco do grupo das tetraciclinas indicado para tratamento de diferentes doenças, em principal a coriza infecciosa. Entretanto, antimicrobianos do grupo das tetraciclinas tem capacidade de se ligarem e indisponibilizar minerais importantes para a formação dos ovos. O objetivo do projeto foi de avaliar a interferência da doxiciclina na qualidade de ovos comerciais. Realizou-se um estudo com 100 poedeiras Dekalb Brown®onde se avaliou a cor da gema, unidade Haugh, cor da casca, peso e espessura da casca. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizadosem um esquema fatorial 2x2, resultando nos tratamentos: sem doxiciclina ao 5° dia; com doxiciclina ao 5° dia; sem doxiciclina ao 10° dia; com doxiciclina ao 10° dia. Coletou-se 4 ovos por repetição,totalizando 48 ovos analisado por tratamento em cada um dos períodos analisados. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para as variáveis de qualidade interna dos ovos (cor da gema e unidade Haugh). Para as variáveis de qualidade de casca, houve uma redução significativa dos níveis de amarelo com o uso de doxiciclina por 10 dias, além da redução do peso da casca e da espessura apical e equatorial da casca, principalmente no 10º dia e com o uso de doxiciclina. Conclui-se que o uso da doxiciclina não interfere na qualidade interna dos ovos, porém confere tonalidade acinzentada as cascas, e redução de peso e espessura das mesmas.(AU)

Doxycycline is a drug from the tetracycline group indicated for the treatment of different diseases, mainly infectious coryza. However, antimicrobials from the tetracycline group can bind and make minerals important for egg formation unavailable. The aim of this project is evaluated interference of doxycycline in quality of commercial egg. A study had carried out with 100 Dekalb Brown®laying hens where evaluated the yolk color, Haugh unit,color eggshell, weight and thickness eggshell. The delimitation had completely randomized in a 2x2 factorial scheme, resulting in treatments: without doxycycline at day 5; with doxycycline a day 5; without doxycycline at day 10; with doxycycline at day 10. Four eggs had gathered per replicate, totaling 48 eggs analyzed per treatment in each of the analyzed periods. No significant differences were found between treatments for internal egg quality variables (yolk color and Haugh unit). For the shell quality variables, there was a significant reduction in yellow levels with the use of doxycycline for 10 days, in addition to a reduction in shell weight and apical and equatorial shell thickness, mainly on the 10th day and with the use of doxycycline. It is concluded that the use of the doxycycline does not interfere in the internal quality of the eggs, but it gives a greyish tonality to the eggshells, and reduces their weight and thickness.(AU)

La doxiciclina es un fármaco del grupo de las tetraciclinas indicado para el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades, principalmente el coriza infeccioso. Sin embargo, los antimicrobianos del grupo de las tetraciclinas tienen la capacidad de unirse y hacer que minerales importantes para la formación de huevos no estén disponibles. El objetivo de este proyecto es evaluar la interferencia de la doxiciclina en la calidad del huevo comercial. Se realizó un estudio con 100 gallinas ponedoras Dekalb Brown®donde se evaluó el color de la yema, unidad Haugh, color del cascarón, peso y grosor del cascarón. La delimitación tuvo completamente al azar en un esquema factorial 2x2,resultando tratamientos: sin doxiciclina en el día 5; con doxiciclina al día 5; sin doxiciclina el día 10; con doxiciclina el día 10. Se habían recolectado cuatro huevos por réplica, totalizando 48 huevos analizados por tratamiento en cada uno de los períodos analizados. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos para las variables de calidad interna del huevo (color de la yema y unidad Haugh). Para las variables de calidad de la cáscara, hubo una reducción significativa de los nivelesde amarillo con el uso de doxiciclina durante 10 días, además de una reducción del peso de la cáscara y del espesor apical y ecuatorial de la cáscara, principalmente al décimo día y con el uso de doxiciclina. Se concluye que el uso de la doxiciclina no interfiere en la calidad interna de los huevos, pero da una tonalidad grisácea a las cáscaras, y reduce su peso y grosor.(AU)

Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers / Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternative product to chemical sanitizers.

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternative product to chemical sanitizers.

Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternative product to chemical sanitizers.(AU)

Influences of Egg Washing and Storage Temperature on Quality and Shelf Life of Duck Eggs During Storage

Studies on how washing and storage influence duck egg quality are scarce compared with those on chicken egg quality. The present study investigated the quality of washed and unwashed duck eggs stored at 7 ºC and 25 ºC for 8 weeks. Quality parameters, including Haugh unit (HU), yolk index, thick albumen ratio, albumen pH, and air cell size, indicated that egg quality deteriorated during prolonged storage, and cuticle staining confirmed that washing reduced cuticle coverage. Washed eggs stored at 7 ºC maintained high quality (grade B; HU: 54) according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, 2000) after storage for 8 weeks, whereas unwashed eggs stored at 25 ºC exhibited a low but acceptable quality (grade B, but HU: 36) after 7 weeks. Strong correlations were observed between the quality parameters evaluated. In conclusion, duck eggs should be washed and then stored at 7 ºC to enhance microbial safety and maintain quality to achieve a shelf life of at least 8 weeks.(AU)

Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28,and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcusspp., Salmonellaspp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternativeproduct to chemical sanitizers.(AU)

Carnauba wax coating preserves the internal quality of commercial eggs during storage / Revestimento com cera de carnaúba preserva a qualidade interna de ovos comerciais durante o armazenamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the internal quality and lipid oxidation of eggs coated with a carnauba wax-based product at different concentrations and stored for up to 28 days under two temperatures. For analysis of internal quality, the eggs were assigned to a completely randomized 3 x 4 factorial design (uncoated eggs (control); eggs coated with carnauba wax at 12% concentration (Aruá®); eggs coated with carnauba wax at 15% concentration (Aruá®); four storage periods - 7, 14, 21, and 28 days). Fifteen eggs from each treatment were evaluated in each storage period, with each egg representing one replicate, i.e., 300 eggs per storage temperature (10 and 25°C). Egg weight loss, yolk percent (%), albumen percent (%), Haugh unit, yolk index, and specific gravity were calculated. Lipid oxidation of the egg yolk was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), using 10 eggs at time 0 (fresh) and 30 eggs in each storage period (7, 14, 21, and 28 days), in triplicate, under only one storage temperature (25°C). A total of five pools, consisting of two eggs each, were used for each treatment. Each pool was considered a replicate, and each treatment consisted of five replicates. The weight loss of the eggs stored at 10°C and 25°C during the storage period was, on average, 46.1% and 37.3% lower for the eggs coated with carnauba wax than in uncoated eggs, respectively. Overall, coated eggs, regardless the concentration of the wax (12 or 15%) had higher Haugh units, specific gravity, and yolk index than uncoated eggs, in both temperatures (10 and 25°C). Uncoated and coated eggs showed similar lipid oxidation values regardless of the storage period. On the other hand, eggs coated with solutions containing 15% wax showed less oxidation than eggs coated with 12% wax. The coating of commercial eggs with carnauba wax, both at concentrations of 12 and 15%, was effective in maintaining their internal quality during storage at both storage temperatures (10 and 25°C). Eggs stored at 25°C had lower quality traits during storage compared with eggs kept under refrigeration. Coating eggs with wax did not minimize the oxidative processes in the egg yolk.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade interna e a oxidação lipídica de ovos revestidos com um produto a base de cera de carnaúba, com diferentes concentrações, e estocados por até 28 dias sob condições de duas temperaturas. Para as análises de qualidade interna, os ovos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 4 (ovos não revestidos (controle); ovos revestidos com cera de carnaúba a 12% (Aruá®); ovos revestidos com cera de carnaúba a 15% (Arua®); quatro períodos de estocagem - 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias). Quinze ovos de cada tratamento foram avaliados em cada período de estocagem, sendo considerado cada ovo uma repetição, totalizando 300 ovos por temperatura de estocagem (10 e 25°C). Para cada período foram calculados a perda de peso dos ovos, porcentagem de gema, porcentagem de albúmen, unidade Haugh, índice de gema e gravidade específica. A oxidação lipídica da gema dos ovos foi mensurada através das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), utilizando 10 ovos para o tempo 0 (frescos) e 30 ovos em cada período de estocagem (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias), em triplicata, sob a temperatura de estocagem de 25°C. Um total de cinco pools, consistindo de dois ovos cada, foram utilizados para cada tratamento. Cada pool foi considerado uma repetição possuindo cada tratamento cinco repetições. A perda de peso dos ovos estocados a 10°C e a 25°C durante o armazenamento foi, em média, 46,1% e 37,3% mais baixo para os ovos revestidos com a cera de carnaúba em comparação aos ovos não revestidos, respectivamente. De maneira geral, os ovos revestidos, independentemente da concentração da cera (12 ou 15%) apresentaram maior unidade Haugh, gravidade específica e índice de gema comparado aos ovos não revestidos, em ambas as temperaturas (10 e 25°C). Os ovos não revestidos e revestidos apresentaram valores de oxidação lipídica similares independentemente do período de estocagem. Por outro lado, ovos revestidos com soluções contendo 15% de cera demonstraram menor oxidação do que os ovos revestidos com cera a 12%. O revestimento de ovos comerciais com cera de carnaúba, em ambas as concentrações de 12 e 15%, foi efetivo em manter a qualidade interna dos ovos durante o armazenamento em ambas as temperaturas (10 e 25°C). Ovos estocados a 25°C apresentaram menor qualidade comparado aos ovos mantidos sob refrigeração. O revestimento dos ovos com a cera não minimizou os processos oxidativos na gema do ovo.(AU)

Quality of brown-shelled eggs marketed in different commercial establishments

This study aimed at evaluating the internal and external quality of brown-shelled eggs commercialized in the municipality of Parintins-AM. A total of 540 eggs were evaluated and distributed in a completely randomized design, which consisted of three treatments and six replications of 30 eggs each. The treatments were: eggs sold in supermarkets; in grocery stores; and eggs sold directly at the farm. The age of the eggs from supermarkets and grocery stores was unknown, however, the eggs bought at the farm were marketed as being from the day of laying. The collected data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability. There were no differences (p > 0.05) of treatments in the percentage of dirty eggs, however, grocery and farm eggs presented higher (p < 0.05) crack percentage. The eggs at the farm presented higher incidence (p < 0.05) of internal stains of blood. The weight of the egg and albumen presented no differences (p > 0.05). However, the albumen percentage of the farm eggs was higher than the other treatments (p < 0.05). The percentages for yolk and eggshell weight from the farm eggs were lower than the supermarket and grocery eggs (p < 0.05). For the variables albumen height, Haugh unit, albumen index, yolk and albumen pH, the best results were observed for the farm eggs, however, regarding these variables, eggs sold in supermarkets and grocery stores did not differ from each other. The brown shell eggs sold in the city of Parintins/AM have high rates of external defects, and the eggs bought directly from the farm presented better internal quality, when compared to eggs sold in different establishments.(AU)

Quality of brown-shelled eggs marketed in different commercial establishments

This study aimed at evaluating the internal and external quality of brown-shelled eggs commercialized in the municipality of Parintins-AM. A total of 540 eggs were evaluated and distributed in a completely randomized design, which consisted of three treatments and six replications of 30 eggs each. The treatments were: eggs sold in supermarkets; in grocery stores; and eggs sold directly at the farm. The age of the eggs from supermarkets and grocery stores was unknown, however, the eggs bought at the farm were marketed as being from the day of laying. The collected data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability. There were no differences (p > 0.05) of treatments in the percentage of dirty eggs, however, grocery and farm eggs presented higher (p 0.05). However, the albumen percentage of the farm eggs was higher than the other treatments (p < 0.05). The percentages for yolk and eggshell weight from the farm eggs were lower than the supermarket and grocery eggs (p < 0.05). For the variables albumen height, Haugh unit, albumen index, yolk and albumen pH, the best results were observed for the farm eggs, however, regarding these variables, eggs sold in supermarkets and grocery stores did not differ from each other. The brown shell eggs sold in the city of Parintins/AM have high rates of external defects, and the eggs bought directly from the farm presented better internal quality, when compared to eggs sold in different establishments.

Qualidade de ovos brancos comerciais em diferentes temperaturas de conservação e período de estocagem / Quality of commercial white eggs stored at different storage temperatures and storage periods

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da temperatura de conservação e o período de estocagem sobre a qualidade externa e interna de ovos brancos comerciais. Foram utilizados 375 ovos tipo extra de poedeiras comerciais brancas da linhagem Hy-line. distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 7 (temperatura x período de armazenamento), totalizando 14 tratamentos com cinco repetições de três ovos cada. Os tratamentos foram: temperatura ambiente (26,5ºC) e refrigerada (11°C) e sete períodos de armazenamento (zero, cinco, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 dias). Houve interação (P<0,05) entre os fatores avaliados para os valores de percentagem de albúmen e gema, unidade Haugh, índice de gema e coloração de gema crua, observando redução da qualidade interna dos ovos ao longo do armazenamento em temperatura ambiente em relação aos ovos refrigerados. O avanço do período de armazenamento a perda de peso dos ovos aumentou de forma quadrática (P<0,05) e a gravidade específica reduziu linearmente (P<0,05). A perda de peso dos ovos PP foi intensificada em temperatura ambiente. Conclui-se que ovos brancos armazenados em temperatura ambiente apresentam perdas acentuadas de qualidade, principalmente interna durante a estocagem até 30 dias. Ovos mantidos sob refrigeração podem ser armazenados até 20 dias sem alteração da qualidade interna.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage temperature and storage period on the external and internal quality of commercial white eggs. A total of 375 extra eggs of commercial white laying hens of the Hy-line line were allocated in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 7 factorial scheme (temperature x storage period), totaling 14 treatments with five replicates of three eggs each. The treatments were room temperature (26.5ºC) and refrigerated (11ºC) and seven storage periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days). There was an interaction (P<0.05) between the factors evaluated for percentage of albumen and yolk, Haugh unit, yolk index and raw yolk color. A reduction in the internal quality of the eggs was observed throughout storage at room temperature compared to refrigerated eggs. Weight loss of the eggs increased in a quadratic manner (P<0.05) and specific gravity decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing storage period. The weight loss was intensified at room temperature. In conclusion, white eggs stored at room temperature show marked quality losses, mainly during storage for up to 30 days. Eggs kept under refrigeration can be stored for up to 20 days without changes in internal quality.

Qualidade de ovos brancos comerciais em diferentes temperaturas de conservação e período de estocagem / Quality of commercial white eggs stored at different storage temperatures and storage periods

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da temperatura de conservação e o período de estocagem sobre a qualidade externa e interna de ovos brancos comerciais. Foram utilizados 375 ovos tipo extra de poedeiras comerciais brancas da linhagem Hy-line. distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 7 (temperatura x período de armazenamento), totalizando 14 tratamentos com cinco repetições de três ovos cada. Os tratamentos foram: temperatura ambiente (26,5ºC) e refrigerada (11°C) e sete períodos de armazenamento (zero, cinco, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 dias). Houve interação (P<0,05) entre os fatores avaliados para os valores de percentagem de albúmen e gema, unidade Haugh, índice de gema e coloração de gema crua, observando redução da qualidade interna dos ovos ao longo do armazenamento em temperatura ambiente em relação aos ovos refrigerados. O avanço do período de armazenamento a perda de peso dos ovos aumentou de forma quadrática (P<0,05) e a gravidade específica reduziu linearmente (P<0,05). A perda de peso dos ovos PP foi intensificada em temperatura ambiente. Conclui-se que ovos brancos armazenados em temperatura ambiente apresentam perdas acentuadas de qualidade, principalmente interna durante a estocagem até 30 dias. Ovos mantidos sob refrigeração podem ser armazenados até 20 dias sem alteração da qualidade interna.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage temperature and storage period on the external and internal quality of commercial white eggs. A total of 375 extra eggs of commercial white laying hens of the Hy-line line were allocated in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 7 factorial scheme (temperature x storage period), totaling 14 treatments with five replicates of three eggs each. The treatments were room temperature (26.5ºC) and refrigerated (11ºC) and seven storage periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days). There was an interaction (P<0.05) between the factors evaluated for percentage of albumen and yolk, Haugh unit, yolk index and raw yolk color. A reduction in the internal quality of the eggs was observed throughout storage at room temperature compared to refrigerated eggs. Weight loss of the eggs increased in a quadratic manner (P<0.05) and specific gravity decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing storage period. The weight loss was intensified at room temperature. In conclusion, white eggs stored at room temperature show marked quality losses, mainly during storage for up to 30 days. Eggs kept under refrigeration can be stored for up to 20 days without changes in internal quality.(AU)

Grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace flour as pigment agent of quail eggs

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary grape pomace flour (GPF) inclusion on the performance and egg quality of European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) in lay. One hundred ninety-two (192), 42-day-old quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6% grape pomace flour inclusion) with six replicates of eight birds each. The performance parameters egg weight (g), average feed intake (g/bird), total feed intake (g/bird), egg production (%) and feed conversion ratio (kg/dozen) were evaluated, as well as egg quality traits Haugh unit, albumen weight (g), yolk weight (g), eggshell thickness (mm), egg specific gravity (g/cm3), and yolk pigmentation. There was no effect (p>0.05) of dietary GPF levels on egg production, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio. Egg weight, albumen weight, and egg specific gravity linearly decreased (p<0.05) as GPM levels increased in the diet. Haugh unit and eggshell thickness were not affected (p>0.05) by the treatments. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was observed for yolk weight, with an estimated maximal inclusion level of grape pomace flour of 4.18% to obtain the highest yolk weight. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was also observed on yolk pigmentation, with an estimated minimal level of 3.2% for this parameter. The minimal inclusion of 3.2% of grape pomace flour in quail diets influenced the egg yolk pigmentation, demonstrating its efficiency as a pigmentation additive.(AU)

Grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace flour as pigment agent of quail eggs

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary grape pomace flour (GPF) inclusion on the performance and egg quality of European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) in lay. One hundred ninety-two (192), 42-day-old quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6% grape pomace flour inclusion) with six replicates of eight birds each. The performance parameters egg weight (g), average feed intake (g/bird), total feed intake (g/bird), egg production (%) and feed conversion ratio (kg/dozen) were evaluated, as well as egg quality traits Haugh unit, albumen weight (g), yolk weight (g), eggshell thickness (mm), egg specific gravity (g/cm3), and yolk pigmentation. There was no effect (p>0.05) of dietary GPF levels on egg production, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio. Egg weight, albumen weight, and egg specific gravity linearly decreased (p0.05) by the treatments. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was observed for yolk weight, with an estimated maximal inclusion level of grape pomace flour of 4.18% to obtain the highest yolk weight. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was also observed on yolk pigmentation, with an estimated minimal level of 3.2% for this parameter. The minimal inclusion of 3.2% of grape pomace flour in quail diets influenced the egg yolk pigmentation, demonstrating its efficiency as a pigmentation additive.

Qualidade de ovos de poedeiras comerciais armazenados em diferentes temperaturas e períodos de estocagem / Quality of eggs from commercial laying hens stored in different periods of temperature and storage

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais armazenados em diferentes temperaturas e períodos de armazenamento. Foram coletados, logo após a postura, 360 ovos de galinhas poedeiras da linhagem Dekalb White. Todos os ovos foram identificados, pesados e distribuídos aleatoriamente às bandejas, sendo 150 armazenados em temperatura ambiente (26,5 ± 0,7°C), 150 ovos acondicionados em refrigeração (7,3 ± 0,5°C) e 60 ovos separados para realizar a avaliação no primeiro dia. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2×6, sendo duas temperaturas de armazenamento e seis períodos de avaliação da estocagem (zero, seis, 12, 18, 24, e 30 dias), com 30 repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: pesos dos ovos, pesos absolutos e relativos de albúmen, gema e casca, altura do albúmen, gravidade específica, Unidade Haugh, diâmetro de albúmen, índice de albúmen e de gema. Os valores de pesos absolutos e relativos de ovos, gema e albúmen, altura de albúmen, gravidade específica, Unidade Haugh, diâmetro e índices de albúmen e de gema foram influenciados (P<0,05) pela temperatura e período de armazenamento. Os pesos absolutos de cascas não (P>0,05) foram influenciados pelas diferentes temperaturas, entretanto, as porcentagens de casca foram influenciadas (P<0,05) linearmente pelo tempo de armazenamento dos ovos. Concluiu-se que os ovos armazenados até seis dias após a postura se mantêm em padrão de alta qualidade em temperatura ambiente (26,5°C), e quando armazenados em refrigeração (7,3°C) mantêm padrão de excelente qualidade até os 30 dias.(AU)

The study aimed at assessing the quality of commercial laying hen eggs stored under different temperatures and for different storage periods. 360 eggs were collected soon after laying by DeKalb White laying hens. All eggs were identified, weighed, and randomly distributed in trays, being 150 stored at room temperature (26.5 ± 0.7°C), 150 other placed in trays under refrigeration (7.3 ± 0.5°C), and the remaining 60 eggs were set apart so the assessment could be performed on the first day. The trial design was completely randomized 2×11, scheme factorial, with two storage temperatures and six storage periods (zero, six, 12, 18, 24 and 30 days), with 30 repetitions. The assessed variables were egg weights, absolute and relative weights of albumen, yolk and shell, albumen height, specific gravity, Haugh unit, albumen diameter, albumen index and yolk. The values of absolute and relative weights of egg, albumen and yolk, albumen height, specific gravity, Haugh Unit, diameter and indices of albumen and yolk were significantly influenced (P<0.05) by the storage temperature and period. The absolute weight does not of shell (P>0.05) were influenced by different temperatures, however, the percentages of shell were influenced (P<0.05) linearly by storage time of eggs. It can be concluded that the eggs maintain high quality when stored for up to six days after laying, at room temperature, and maintain excellent quality when stored under refrigeration for up to 30 days.(AU)

Qualidade de ovos de poedeiras comerciais armazenados em diferentes temperaturas e períodos de estocagem / Quality of eggs from commercial laying hens stored in different periods of temperature and storage

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais armazenados em diferentes temperaturas e períodos de armazenamento. Foram coletados, logo após a postura, 360 ovos de galinhas poedeiras da linhagem Dekalb White. Todos os ovos foram identificados, pesados e distribuídos aleatoriamente às bandejas, sendo 150 armazenados em temperatura ambiente (26,5 ± 0,7°C), 150 ovos acondicionados em refrigeração (7,3 ± 0,5°C) e 60 ovos separados para realizar a avaliação no primeiro dia. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2×6, sendo duas temperaturas de armazenamento e seis períodos de avaliação da estocagem (zero, seis, 12, 18, 24, e 30 dias), com 30 repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: pesos dos ovos, pesos absolutos e relativos de albúmen, gema e casca, altura do albúmen, gravidade específica, Unidade Haugh, diâmetro de albúmen, índice de albúmen e de gema. Os valores de pesos absolutos e relativos de ovos, gema e albúmen, altura de albúmen, gravidade específica, Unidade Haugh, diâmetro e índices de albúmen e de gema foram influenciados (P0,05) foram influenciados pelas diferentes temperaturas, entretanto, as porcentagens de casca foram influenciadas (P<0,05) linearmente pelo tempo de armazenamento dos ovos. Concluiu-se que os ovos armazenados até seis dias após a postura se mantêm em padrão de alta qualidade em temperatura ambiente (26,5°C), e quando armazenados em refrigeração (7,3°C) mantêm padrão de excelente qualidade até os 30 dias.

The study aimed at assessing the quality of commercial laying hen eggs stored under different temperatures and for different storage periods. 360 eggs were collected soon after laying by DeKalb White laying hens. All eggs were identified, weighed, and randomly distributed in trays, being 150 stored at room temperature (26.5 ± 0.7°C), 150 other placed in trays under refrigeration (7.3 ± 0.5°C), and the remaining 60 eggs were set apart so the assessment could be performed on the first day. The trial design was completely randomized 2×11, scheme factorial, with two storage temperatures and six storage periods (zero, six, 12, 18, 24 and 30 days), with 30 repetitions. The assessed variables were egg weights, absolute and relative weights of albumen, yolk and shell, albumen height, specific gravity, Haugh unit, albumen diameter, albumen index and yolk. The values of absolute and relative weights of egg, albumen and yolk, albumen height, specific gravity, Haugh Unit, diameter and indices of albumen and yolk were significantly influenced (P0.05) were influenced by different temperatures, however, the percentages of shell were influenced (P<0.05) linearly by storage time of eggs. It can be concluded that the eggs maintain high quality when stored for up to six days after laying, at room temperature, and maintain excellent quality when stored under refrigeration for up to 30 days.

Internal quality of laying hens commercial eggs according to storage time, temperature and packaging / Qualidade interna de ovos de poedeiras comerciais em função do tempo, temperatura e embalagem de armazenamento

Current assay evaluates the internal quality of eggs of Hy-Line W-36 hens, according to storage time, temperature and packaging. Two equal experiments, starting one day apart, were conducted with 140 eggs each. The two experiments were divided into two phases, from 1 to 9 days and from 9 to 21 days, in a randomized block design. In the 1st phase, the treatments were arranged in a factorial 2 x 3+1, packaging (with or without), time (3, 6 and 9 days), with control on the 1st day. In the 2nd phase, treatments were arranged in a factorial design 2 x 2 + 1, packaging (with or without), cooling (with or without), and control on the 9th day. Egg weight, albumen, yolk and shell percentage, yolk index and Haugh unit were evaluated. The internal quality was reduced (p 0.05) during storage and the internal quality of eggs kept at room temperature decreased (p 0.05), whereas eggs stored under refrigeration showed the same quality (p > 0.05) on the 9th and 21st days. Packaging assured better quality (p 0.05), but not similar to the quality of refrigerated eggs. Results showed that the internal quality of the eggs was worse when there was no refrigeration during storage time and that packages provided better internal quality, although not as effective as cooling.

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade interna de ovos de poedeiras comerciais da linhagem Hy-Line W-36®, em função da temperatura, tempo e embalagem. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, que iniciaram com um dia de diferença, cada um com 140 ovos. Cada experimento foi dividido em duas fases, sendo de um a nove dias e de nove a 21 dias. O delineamento foi em blocos casualisados. Na primeira fase, os tratamentos foram arranjados em fatorial 2 x 3 + 1, embalagem (com ou sem), tempo (3, 6 e 9 dias), e um controle no primeiro dia. Na segunda fase, o arranjo foi 2 x 2+1, embalagem (com ou sem), refrigeração (com ou sem), e um controle no nono dia. Avaliou-se o peso do ovo, percentagem de albúmen, gema e casca, índice gema e unidade Haugh. A qualidade interna reduziu (p 0,05) durante o armazenamento, e os ovos mantidos no ambiente apresentaram redução (p 0,05) na qualidade interna, enquanto que os ovos sob a refrigeração apresentaram a mesma (p > 0,05) qualidade no nono e no 21º dia. A embalagem melhorou (p 0,05) a qualidade, no entanto, não com a mesma eficiência que a refrigeração. Conclui-se que a qualidade dos ovos piora com o armazenamento se não houver refrigeração e a utilização de embalagem gera melhor qualidade interna, no entanto, não é tão eficaz quanto à refrigeração.

Internal quality of laying hens commercial eggs according to storage time, temperature and packaging / Qualidade interna de ovos de poedeiras comerciais em função do tempo, temperatura e embalagem de armazenamento

Current assay evaluates the internal quality of eggs of Hy-Line W-36 hens, according to storage time, temperature and packaging. Two equal experiments, starting one day apart, were conducted with 140 eggs each. The two experiments were divided into two phases, from 1 to 9 days and from 9 to 21 days, in a randomized block design. In the 1st phase, the treatments were arranged in a factorial 2 x 3+1, packaging (with or without), time (3, 6 and 9 days), with control on the 1st day. In the 2nd phase, treatments were arranged in a factorial design 2 x 2 + 1, packaging (with or without), cooling (with or without), and control on the 9th day. Egg weight, albumen, yolk and shell percentage, yolk index and Haugh unit were evaluated. The internal quality was reduced (p 0.05) during storage and the internal quality of eggs kept at room temperature decreased (p 0.05), whereas eggs stored under refrigeration showed the same quality (p > 0.05) on the 9th and 21st days. Packaging assured better quality (p 0.05), but not similar to the quality of refrigerated eggs. Results showed that the internal quality of the eggs was worse when there was no refrigeration during storage time and that packages provided better internal quality, although not as effective as cooling.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade interna de ovos de poedeiras comerciais da linhagem Hy-Line W-36®, em função da temperatura, tempo e embalagem. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, que iniciaram com um dia de diferença, cada um com 140 ovos. Cada experimento foi dividido em duas fases, sendo de um a nove dias e de nove a 21 dias. O delineamento foi em blocos casualisados. Na primeira fase, os tratamentos foram arranjados em fatorial 2 x 3 + 1, embalagem (com ou sem), tempo (3, 6 e 9 dias), e um controle no primeiro dia. Na segunda fase, o arranjo foi 2 x 2+1, embalagem (com ou sem), refrigeração (com ou sem), e um controle no nono dia. Avaliou-se o peso do ovo, percentagem de albúmen, gema e casca, índice gema e unidade Haugh. A qualidade interna reduziu (p 0,05) durante o armazenamento, e os ovos mantidos no ambiente apresentaram redução (p 0,05) na qualidade interna, enquanto que os ovos sob a refrigeração apresentaram a mesma (p > 0,05) qualidade no nono e no 21º dia. A embalagem melhorou (p 0,05) a qualidade, no entanto, não com a mesma eficiência que a refrigeração. Conclui-se que a qualidade dos ovos piora com o armazenamento se não houver refrigeração e a utilização de embalagem gera melhor qualidade interna, no entanto, não é tão eficaz quanto à refrigeração.(AU)

Internal quality of laying hen eggs fed on protease at different storage and stocking conditions / Qualidade interna de ovos de poedeiras leves alimentadas com protease em diferentes condições de armazenamento e estocagem

Effects on diets with reduction of crude protein and methionine + cystine (RCP) and protease supplementation (PRO) for laying hens at different ages and their influence on the internal quality of eggs at different conditions (STO) and storage times (TM) are evaluated. Four hundred and twenty eggs from commercial Hy-Line W36 laying hens collected at 32, 44 and 58 weeks of age were used. Experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme 3 x 2 x 2 x 2: RCP (control, enhancement of one and two times the enzyme protease), PRO (with and without protease), STO (room temperature and refrigerated) and TM (14 and 28 days), with seven replications of one egg per experimental unit. The factorial scheme 3 x 2 x 2 was used at 58 weeks of age, because TM could not be evaluated. The percentages of egg weight loss, Haugh unit, albumen percentage, percentage and yolk index were evaluated after each storage time. RCP and PRO had no effect on internal egg quality whereas eggs under refrigeration preserved their internal quality regardless of the different storage periods.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da redução de proteína bruta e metionina + cistina (RPB) e suplementação de protease (PRO) em dietas de poedeiras comerciais em diferentes idades, e sua influência sobre a qualidade interna de ovos armazenados em diferentes condições (ARM) e períodos de estocagem (EST). Foram utilizados 420 ovos das poedeiras comerciais da linhagem Hy-Line W36 colhidos com 32, 44 e 58 semanas de idade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 2 x 2 sendo os fatores: RPB (controle, valorização de uma e duas vezes da enzima protease), PRO (sem e com protease), ARM (ambiente e refrigerado) e EST (14 e 28 dias), com sete repetições de um ovo por unidade experimental. Com 58 semanas foi utilizado o esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 2, pois não foi possível analisar o fator EST. Após cada período de estocagem foram avaliadas as características de perda de peso do ovo em porcentagem, Unidade Haugh, porcentagem de albúmen, porcentagem e índice de gema. A RPB e PRO não apresentaram efeitos na qualidade interna dos ovos. Ovos mantidos sob refrigeração tiveram a qualidade interna conservada, independente dos diferentes períodos de estocagem.