Combination of cafeteria diet with intraperitoneally streptozotocin in rats. A type-2 diabetes model

ABSTRACT Purpose To develop a model of induction of type-2 diabetes (DM2) by combining low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) and a cafeteria diet. Methods Forty male Wistar rats (200 g) were allocated into four groups: control (non-diabetic, n = 10); STZ 30 mg/kg (diabetic, n = 10); STZ 35 mg/kg (diabetic,n = 10); and STZ 40 mg/kg (diabetic, n = 10). DM2 was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ after four weeks of cafeteria diet in the three diabetic groups. All animals were evaluated as for anthropometric, and biochemical analyses, as well as liver, kidney and pancreas histological analyses. Results Lower weight gain, higher water intake, higher Lee index, hyperglycemia and modified total protein, urea, alpha-amylase, as well as insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, pancreas, and kidney injury were observed in animals treated with 35 and 40 mg/kg of STZ. Conclusions The results show that the experimental model using cafeteria diet associated with 35 mg/kg of STZ is a low-cost model and efficient in order to develop DM2, confirmed by the presence of polydipsia, hyperglycemia, altered biochemical tests, insulin resistance and damages to the liver, pancreas and kidney, which is similar to the disease found in humans.

Phyto- and Bio-Chemical evaluation of Diospyros kaki L. cultivated in Egypt and its biological activities / Avaliação fito e bioquímica de Diospyros kaki L. cultivado no Egito e suas atividades biológicas

Diospyros kaki L. or Costata cultivar is the main persimmon variety progressively consumed in the Egyptian market and exportation. The objective of this study was to investigate the bioprotective effects of the alcoholic extract of fruits as well as leaves of D. kaki using in-vivo rat models. Petroleum ether extracts of fruits and leaves were analytically characterized for saponifiable and unsaponifiable compounds by GC/MS. Main flavonoids were chromatographically isolated from 80% aqueous methanol extract of leaves. Chemical evaluation for fruits and leaves namely, content of moisture, ash, proteins, fatty acids, amino acids, fat and water soluble vitamins, minerals, carotenoids was carried out. Total antioxidant activity was determined by radical scavenging effects using DPPH assay. The effect on biochemical parameters and its biological activity were also performed. Results revealed the identification of the major compounds of saponifiable and unsaponifiable matters of fruits and leaves. Scopoletin, as well as, kaempferol, luteolin, rutin and apigenin 7-O-glucoside were isolated and identified. It showed that this plant can provide a good nutritional value and it is safe regarding the kidney and liver functions, good source that help in enhancing the antioxidant defense against free radicals. No abnormal effects were found in lipids profile on experimental animals and there were good results in the ratio of HDL and LDL cholesterol. Also, this plant can help in optimizing blood sugar, enhancing the level of blood haemoglobin. It is concluded that D. kaki displays a good source of nutrients and bioactive compounds that may contribute to its therapeutic benefits against the risk of disease complications.(AU)

Diospyros kaki L. ou Costata é a principal variedade de caqui progressivamente consumida no mercado e exportação egípcia. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos bioprotetores do extrato alcoólico de frutos e folhas de D. kaki utilizando modelos de ratos in vivo. Extratos de éter de petróleo provenientes de frutos e folhas foram caracterizados analiticamente para compostos saponificáveis e insaponificáveis por GC/MS. Os principais flavonoides foram isolados cromatograficamente, a partir de 80% de extrato aquoso de folhas de metanol. Foi realizada avaliação química de frutos e folhas, ou seja, de teor de umidade, cinzas, proteínas, ácidos graxos, aminoácidos, vitaminas lipossolúveis e solúveis em água, minerais, carotenoides. Foi caracterizada a atividade antioxidante, utilizando ensaio (DPPH). O efeito nos parâmetros bioquímicos e sua atividade biológica também foram analisados. Os resultados revelaram a identificação dos principais compostos saponificáveis e insaponificáveis de frutos e folhas. Escopoletina, bem como kaempferol, luteolina, rutina e apigenina 7-O-glicosídeo foram isolados e identificados. Também demonstraram que esta planta pode proporcionar um bom valor nutricional e é segura em relação às funções renais e hepáticas, boa fonte que ajuda a melhorar a defesa antioxidante contra os radicais livres. Não foram encontrados efeitos anormais no perfil lipídico em testes em animais, e houve um efeito satisfatório na relação de colesterol HDL e LDL. Além disso, esta planta pode ajudar na otimização do açúcar no sangue, aumentando o nível de hemoglobina. Conclui-se que o D. kaki apresenta uma boa fonte de nutrientes e de compostos bioativos que contribuem para seus benefícios terapêuticos e contra o risco de complicações de doenças.(AU)

The relationship between insulin resistance and type II ketosis in dairy cows

Background: Cows in perinatal period are prone to ketosis, characterized by increased ketone bodies and decreased bloodsugar. Study found that cows with type II ketosis had higher blood glucose levels. This type of ketosis exhibits insulinresistance and impaired glucose tolerance that are similar to type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigatethe role of insulin resistance(IR) in type II ketosis in dairy cows.Materials, Methods & Results: In one intensive cattle farm, eight cows with ketosis and eight healthy cows that were 14-21 days postpartum were selected. The plasma of experimental dairy cows was collected and tested for the concentrationof glucose concentration. Glucose tolerance of blood glucose levels in 120 min was used as the cut-off point to divide thedairy cows into three groups: the abnormal glucose tolerance ketosis group (TH), the normal glucose tolerance ketosis(TL), and the healthy control group. Simultaneously, the indexes of plasma liver function, oxidative stress, and insulinresistance were detected. The results showed that after intravenous glucose injection, there was no significant differencein blood glucose concentration between the TL and control group, while the blood glucose levels in the TH group werealways higher than in the other two groups. The insulin sensitivity index (RQUICKI) value was significantly lower in theTH group than in the other two groups. Liver function abnormalities in the TH group were more severe than in the TL andcontrol group. Oxidative stress was higher in the TH group than in the TL and control groups...

The relationship between insulin resistance and type II ketosis in dairy cows

Background: Cows in perinatal period are prone to ketosis, characterized by increased ketone bodies and decreased bloodsugar. Study found that cows with type II ketosis had higher blood glucose levels. This type of ketosis exhibits insulinresistance and impaired glucose tolerance that are similar to type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigatethe role of insulin resistance(IR) in type II ketosis in dairy cows.Materials, Methods & Results: In one intensive cattle farm, eight cows with ketosis and eight healthy cows that were 14-21 days postpartum were selected. The plasma of experimental dairy cows was collected and tested for the concentrationof glucose concentration. Glucose tolerance of blood glucose levels in 120 min was used as the cut-off point to divide thedairy cows into three groups: the abnormal glucose tolerance ketosis group (TH), the normal glucose tolerance ketosis(TL), and the healthy control group. Simultaneously, the indexes of plasma liver function, oxidative stress, and insulinresistance were detected. The results showed that after intravenous glucose injection, there was no significant differencein blood glucose concentration between the TL and control group, while the blood glucose levels in the TH group werealways higher than in the other two groups. The insulin sensitivity index (RQUICKI) value was significantly lower in theTH group than in the other two groups. Liver function abnormalities in the TH group were more severe than in the TL andcontrol group. Oxidative stress was higher in the TH group than in the TL and control groups...(AU)

Endocardite infecciosa associada à doença periodontal e Diabetes mellitus - relato de caso / Endocarditis infectious associated with periodontal disease and Diabetes mellitus - case report / Endocarditis infecciosa asociada la enfermedad periodontal y Diabetes mellitus - relato de caso

Foi atendido um paciente canino, fêmea, apresentando endocardite da válvula mitral, doença periodontal severa e diabetes mellitus. A endocardite infecciosa é uma doença com baixa taxa de morbidade, porém, com alta taxa de mortalidade. É uma infecção do endocárdio que surge como consequência de uma bacteremia transitória ou permanente. A doença periodontal tem sido incriminada como responsável por bacteremia e fator de risco para a endocardite e resistência à insulina. O estado diabético é considerado um fator agravante para a endocardite e para a doença periodontal pelo comprometimento de várias funções do organismo, inclusive a resposta imune e integridade vascular. O diagnóstico da endocardite geralmente é realizado na necropsia e quando feito na clínica médica, o tratamento é bastante agressivo, prolongado e muitas vezes frustrante. O objetivo do presente trabalho é de relatar o diagnóstico e o sucesso do tratamento de um paciente com endocardite de mitral.

A canine female patient was treated with mitral valve endocarditis, severe periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Infective endocarditis is a disease with a low morbidity rate, but with a high mortality rate. It is an endocardial infection that arises as a consequence of transient or permanent bacteremia. Periodontal disease has been incriminated as responsible for bacteremia and risk factor for endocarditis and insulin resistance. The diabetic state is considered an aggravating factor for endocarditis and periodontal disease due to the impairment of various functions of the organism, including immune response and vascular integrity. The diagnosis of endocarditis is usually performed at necropsy and when done at the medical clinic, the treatment is quite aggressive, prolonged and often frustrating. The aim of this study is to report the diagnosis and success of the treatment of a patient with mitral endocarditis.

Se atendió a un paciente canino, hembra, presentando endocarditis de la válvula mitral, enfermedad periodontal varias y diabetes mellitus. La endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad con baja tasa de morbilidad, pero con alta tasa de mortalidad. Es una infección del endocardio que surge como consecuencia de una bacteriemia transitoria o permanente. La enfermedad periodontal ha sido incriminada como fuese por bacteremia y factor de riesgo para la endocarditis y resistencia a la insulina. El estado diabético se considera un factor agravante para la endocarditis y para la enfermedad periodontal por el compromiso de varias funciones del organismo, incluyendo la respuesta inmune e integridad vascular. El diagnóstico de la endocarditis generalmente se realiza en la necropsia y cuando se hace en la clínica médica, el tratamiento es bastante agresivo, prolongado y muchas veces frustrante. El objetivo del presente trabajo es relatar el diagnóstico y el éxito del tratamiento de un paciente con endocarditis de mitral.

Endocardite infecciosa associada à doença periodontal e Diabetes mellitus - relato de caso / Endocarditis infectious associated with periodontal disease and Diabetes mellitus - case report / Endocarditis infecciosa asociada la enfermedad periodontal y Diabetes mellitus - relato de caso

Foi atendido um paciente canino, fêmea, apresentando endocardite da válvula mitral, doença periodontal severa e diabetes mellitus. A endocardite infecciosa é uma doença com baixa taxa de morbidade, porém, com alta taxa de mortalidade. É uma infecção do endocárdio que surge como consequência de uma bacteremia transitória ou permanente. A doença periodontal tem sido incriminada como responsável por bacteremia e fator de risco para a endocardite e resistência à insulina. O estado diabético é considerado um fator agravante para a endocardite e para a doença periodontal pelo comprometimento de várias funções do organismo, inclusive a resposta imune e integridade vascular. O diagnóstico da endocardite geralmente é realizado na necropsia e quando feito na clínica médica, o tratamento é bastante agressivo, prolongado e muitas vezes frustrante. O objetivo do presente trabalho é de relatar o diagnóstico e o sucesso do tratamento de um paciente com endocardite de mitral.(AU)

A canine female patient was treated with mitral valve endocarditis, severe periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Infective endocarditis is a disease with a low morbidity rate, but with a high mortality rate. It is an endocardial infection that arises as a consequence of transient or permanent bacteremia. Periodontal disease has been incriminated as responsible for bacteremia and risk factor for endocarditis and insulin resistance. The diabetic state is considered an aggravating factor for endocarditis and periodontal disease due to the impairment of various functions of the organism, including immune response and vascular integrity. The diagnosis of endocarditis is usually performed at necropsy and when done at the medical clinic, the treatment is quite aggressive, prolonged and often frustrating. The aim of this study is to report the diagnosis and success of the treatment of a patient with mitral endocarditis.(AU)

Se atendió a un paciente canino, hembra, presentando endocarditis de la válvula mitral, enfermedad periodontal varias y diabetes mellitus. La endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad con baja tasa de morbilidad, pero con alta tasa de mortalidad. Es una infección del endocardio que surge como consecuencia de una bacteriemia transitoria o permanente. La enfermedad periodontal ha sido incriminada como fuese por bacteremia y factor de riesgo para la endocarditis y resistencia a la insulina. El estado diabético se considera un factor agravante para la endocarditis y para la enfermedad periodontal por el compromiso de varias funciones del organismo, incluyendo la respuesta inmune e integridad vascular. El diagnóstico de la endocarditis generalmente se realiza en la necropsia y cuando se hace en la clínica médica, el tratamiento es bastante agresivo, prolongado y muchas veces frustrante. El objetivo del presente trabajo es relatar el diagnóstico y el éxito del tratamiento de un paciente con endocarditis de mitral.(AU)

Phyto- and Bio-Chemical evaluation of Diospyros kaki L. cultivated in Egypt and its biological activities

Abstract Diospyros kaki L. or Costata cultivar is the main persimmon variety progressively consumed in the Egyptian market and exportation. The objective of this study was to investigate the bioprotective effects of the alcoholic extract of fruits as well as leaves of D. kaki using in-vivo rat models. Petroleum ether extracts of fruits and leaves were analytically characterized for saponifiable and unsaponifiable compounds by GC/MS. Main flavonoids were chromatographically isolated from 80% aqueous methanol extract of leaves. Chemical evaluation for fruits and leaves namely, content of moisture, ash, proteins, fatty acids, amino acids, fat and water soluble vitamins, minerals, carotenoids was carried out. Total antioxidant activity was determined by radical scavenging effects using DPPH assay. The effect on biochemical parameters and its biological activity were also performed. Results revealed the identification of the major compounds of saponifiable and unsaponifiable matters of fruits and leaves. Scopoletin, as well as, kaempferol, luteolin, rutin and apigenin 7-O-glucoside were isolated and identified. It showed that this plant can provide a good nutritional value and it is safe regarding the kidney and liver functions, good source that help in enhancing the antioxidant defense against free radicals. No abnormal effects were found in lipids profile on experimental animals and there were good results in the ratio of HDL and LDL cholesterol. Also, this plant can help in optimizing blood sugar, enhancing the level of blood haemoglobin. It is concluded that D. kaki displays a good source of nutrients and bioactive compounds that may contribute to its therapeutic benefits against the risk of disease complications.

Resumo Diospyros kaki L. ou Costata é a principal variedade de caqui progressivamente consumida no mercado e exportação egípcia. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos bioprotetores do extrato alcoólico de frutos e folhas de D. kaki utilizando modelos de ratos in vivo. Extratos de éter de petróleo provenientes de frutos e folhas foram caracterizados analiticamente para compostos saponificáveis e insaponificáveis por GC/MS. Os principais flavonoides foram isolados cromatograficamente, a partir de 80% de extrato aquoso de folhas de metanol. Foi realizada avaliação química de frutos e folhas, ou seja, de teor de umidade, cinzas, proteínas, ácidos graxos, aminoácidos, vitaminas lipossolúveis e solúveis em água, minerais, carotenoides. Foi caracterizada a atividade antioxidante, utilizando ensaio (DPPH). O efeito nos parâmetros bioquímicos e sua atividade biológica também foram analisados. Os resultados revelaram a identificação dos principais compostos saponificáveis e insaponificáveis de frutos e folhas. Escopoletina, bem como kaempferol, luteolina, rutina e apigenina 7-O-glicosídeo foram isolados e identificados. Também demonstraram que esta planta pode proporcionar um bom valor nutricional e é segura em relação às funções renais e hepáticas, boa fonte que ajuda a melhorar a defesa antioxidante contra os radicais livres. Não foram encontrados efeitos anormais no perfil lipídico em testes em animais, e houve um efeito satisfatório na relação de colesterol HDL e LDL. Além disso, esta planta pode ajudar na otimização do açúcar no sangue, aumentando o nível de hemoglobina. Conclui-se que o D. kaki apresenta uma boa fonte de nutrientes e de compostos bioativos que contribuem para seus benefícios terapêuticos e contra o risco de complicações de doenças.

Glucose and insulin curve in pregnant mares and its relationship with clinical and biometric features of newborn foals / Curvas de glicose e insulina em éguas gestantes e sua relação com as características clínicas e biométricas dos neonatos

The aim of the present study was to describe the dynamics of glucose and insulin curves in pregnant mares, and to evaluate the curves according to body condition score, identifying the presence of insulin resistance and correlating these values ​​with the weight, height and clinical changes of the neonates. For this, pregnant mares were evaluated and then grouped according to body condition score during the gestation length until lactation. GrM corresponds to mares with moderate body score (BCS 5-6); GrOv were mares with overweight body score (BCS 7) and GrOb were obese mares (BCS 8-9). A two-step oral sugar test (OST) was used to determine the data. Cortisol analysis was performed with 300-320 days of gestation, at foaling and after parturition. For evaluation of the neonate, a general clinical examination and, weight and height measurements were performed. The results showed hyperglycemia in response to OST with normal insulin values at foaling with a subsequent fall in both values at lactation disregarding group division. Baseline glucose was decreased in GrM compared to GrOv and GrOb with 70-100 days of gestation and with 130-160 days of gestation. With 270-300 days of gestation and post-partum GrOb had increased baseline glucose than GrM. After OST, glucose at foaling day in GrOb presented increased values than GrM. Baseline insulin values did not differ between groups. Post OST insulin levels were higher in GrOb than GrM and GrOv at parturition. No difference in cortisol between moments was identified. GrOb and GrOv maintained increased concentrations after foaling while GrM had a decrease. No correlation was found between maternal glucose and insulin values with foal weight and height, however, a lower ratio between neonatal weight and mare's weight in GrOb and GrOv was identified in relation to the GrM. At foaling, mares presented glucose dysregulation, with obese and overweight mares presenting a greater response to OST.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a dinâmica das curvas de glicose e insulina em éguas gestantes e avaliar as curvas de acordo com o escore de condição corporal, identificando a presença de resistência insulínica e correlacionando esses valores com o peso, altura e alterações clínicas dos neonatos. Para isso, as éguas prenhes foram avaliadas em conjunto e agrupadas de acordo com o escore de condição corporal durante a gestação até o pós-parto. GrM pertenciam éguas com escore corporal moderado (EC 5-6); GrOv, grupo de éguas com escore corporal acima do peso (EC 7) e GrOb, grupo de éguas obesas (EC 8-9). O teste de glicose oral em duas etapas (OST) foi usado para determinar os dados. A análise do cortisol também foi realizada nos 300-320 dias de gestação, no dia do parto e após o parto. Para avaliação do neonato, foram realizados exame clínico geral e medidas de peso e altura. Os resultados mostraram hiperglicemia em resposta ao OST com valores normais de insulina no momento parto, com uma queda subsequente em ambas as variáveis na lactação, desconsiderando a divisão do grupo. A glicemia basal diminuiu no GrM em comparação com GrOv e GrOb com 70-100 dias de gestação e com 130-160 dias de gestação. Com 270-300 dias de gestação e no pós-parto, o GrOb apresentou aumento na glicemia basal em relação ao GrM. Após OST, a glicose no dia do parto no GrOb apresentou valores aumentados em relação ao GrM. Os valores basais de insulina não diferiram entre os grupos. Após OST níveis de insulina foram maiores no GrOb do que GrM e GrOv no momento do parto. Não houve diferença nos valores de cortisol entre os momentos. O GrOb e GrOv mantiveram cortisol aumentado após o parto enquanto o GrM diminuiu. Não foi encontrada correlação entre os valores de glicemia e insulina materna com o peso e a altura do potro, entretanto, foi identificada uma relação menor entre o peso neonatal e o peso da égua no GrOb e GrOv em relação ao GrM. No parto, as éguas apresentaram desregulação da glicose, sendo que as éguas obesas e com sobrepeso apresentaram uma resposta maior ao OST.(AU)

Glucose and insulin curve in pregnant mares and its relationship with clinical and biometric features of newborn foals / Curvas de glicose e insulina em éguas gestantes e sua relação com as características clínicas e biométricas dos neonatos

The aim of the present study was to describe the dynamics of glucose and insulin curves in pregnant mares, and to evaluate the curves according to body condition score, identifying the presence of insulin resistance and correlating these values ​​with the weight, height and clinical changes of the neonates. For this, pregnant mares were evaluated and then grouped according to body condition score during the gestation length until lactation. GrM corresponds to mares with moderate body score (BCS 5-6); GrOv were mares with overweight body score (BCS 7) and GrOb were obese mares (BCS 8-9). A two-step oral sugar test (OST) was used to determine the data. Cortisol analysis was performed with 300-320 days of gestation, at foaling and after parturition. For evaluation of the neonate, a general clinical examination and, weight and height measurements were performed. The results showed hyperglycemia in response to OST with normal insulin values at foaling with a subsequent fall in both values at lactation disregarding group division. Baseline glucose was decreased in GrM compared to GrOv and GrOb with 70-100 days of gestation and with 130-160 days of gestation. With 270-300 days of gestation and post-partum GrOb had increased baseline glucose than GrM. After OST, glucose at foaling day in GrOb presented increased values than GrM. Baseline insulin values did not differ between groups. Post OST insulin levels were higher in GrOb than GrM and GrOv at parturition. No difference in cortisol between moments was identified. GrOb and GrOv maintained increased concentrations after foaling while GrM had a decrease. No correlation was found between maternal glucose and insulin values with foal weight and height, however, a lower ratio between neonatal weight and mare's weight in GrOb and GrOv was identified in relation to the GrM. At foaling, mares presented glucose dysregulation, with obese and overweight mares presenting a greater response to OST.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a dinâmica das curvas de glicose e insulina em éguas gestantes e avaliar as curvas de acordo com o escore de condição corporal, identificando a presença de resistência insulínica e correlacionando esses valores com o peso, altura e alterações clínicas dos neonatos. Para isso, as éguas prenhes foram avaliadas em conjunto e agrupadas de acordo com o escore de condição corporal durante a gestação até o pós-parto. GrM pertenciam éguas com escore corporal moderado (EC 5-6); GrOv, grupo de éguas com escore corporal acima do peso (EC 7) e GrOb, grupo de éguas obesas (EC 8-9). O teste de glicose oral em duas etapas (OST) foi usado para determinar os dados. A análise do cortisol também foi realizada nos 300-320 dias de gestação, no dia do parto e após o parto. Para avaliação do neonato, foram realizados exame clínico geral e medidas de peso e altura. Os resultados mostraram hiperglicemia em resposta ao OST com valores normais de insulina no momento parto, com uma queda subsequente em ambas as variáveis na lactação, desconsiderando a divisão do grupo. A glicemia basal diminuiu no GrM em comparação com GrOv e GrOb com 70-100 dias de gestação e com 130-160 dias de gestação. Com 270-300 dias de gestação e no pós-parto, o GrOb apresentou aumento na glicemia basal em relação ao GrM. Após OST, a glicose no dia do parto no GrOb apresentou valores aumentados em relação ao GrM. Os valores basais de insulina não diferiram entre os grupos. Após OST níveis de insulina foram maiores no GrOb do que GrM e GrOv no momento do parto. Não houve diferença nos valores de cortisol entre os momentos. O GrOb e GrOv mantiveram cortisol aumentado após o parto enquanto o GrM diminuiu. Não foi encontrada correlação entre os valores de glicemia e insulina materna com o peso e a altura do potro, entretanto, foi identificada uma relação menor entre o peso neonatal e o peso da égua no GrOb e GrOv em relação ao GrM. No parto, as éguas apresentaram desregulação da glicose, sendo que as éguas obesas e com sobrepeso apresentaram uma resposta maior ao OST.(AU)

Glucose and insulin curve in pregnant mares and its relationship with clinical and biometric features of newborn foals

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to describe the dynamics of glucose and insulin curves in pregnant mares, and to evaluate the curves according to body condition score, identifying the presence of insulin resistance and correlating these values with the weight, height and clinical changes of the neonates. For this, pregnant mares were evaluated and then grouped according to body condition score during the gestation length until lactation. GrM corresponds to mares with moderate body score (BCS 5-6); GrOv were mares with overweight body score (BCS 7) and GrOb were obese mares (BCS 8-9). A two-step oral sugar test (OST) was used to determine the data. Cortisol analysis was performed with 300-320 days of gestation, at foaling and after parturition. For evaluation of the neonate, a general clinical examination and, weight and height measurements were performed. The results showed hyperglycemia in response to OST with normal insulin values at foaling with a subsequent fall in both values at lactation disregarding group division. Baseline glucose was decreased in GrM compared to GrOv and GrOb with 70-100 days of gestation and with 130-160 days of gestation. With 270-300 days of gestation and post-partum GrOb had increased baseline glucose than GrM. After OST, glucose at foaling day in GrOb presented increased values than GrM. Baseline insulin values did not differ between groups. Post OST insulin levels were higher in GrOb than GrM and GrOv at parturition. No difference in cortisol between moments was identified. GrOb and GrOv maintained increased concentrations after foaling while GrM had a decrease. No correlation was found between maternal glucose and insulin values with foal weight and height, however, a lower ratio between neonatal weight and mares weight in GrOb and GrOv was identified in relation to the GrM. At foaling, mares presented glucose dysregulation, with obese and overweight mares presenting a greater response to OST.

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a dinâmica das curvas de glicose e insulina em éguas gestantes e avaliar as curvas de acordo com o escore de condição corporal, identificando a presença de resistência insulínica e correlacionando esses valores com o peso, altura e alterações clínicas dos neonatos. Para isso, as éguas prenhes foram avaliadas em conjunto e agrupadas de acordo com o escore de condição corporal durante a gestação até o pós-parto. GrM pertenciam éguas com escore corporal moderado (EC 5-6); GrOv, grupo de éguas com escore corporal acima do peso (EC 7) e GrOb, grupo de éguas obesas (EC 8-9). O teste de glicose oral em duas etapas (OST) foi usado para determinar os dados. A análise do cortisol também foi realizada nos 300-320 dias de gestação, no dia do parto e após o parto. Para avaliação do neonato, foram realizados exame clínico geral e medidas de peso e altura. Os resultados mostraram hiperglicemia em resposta ao OST com valores normais de insulina no momento parto, com uma queda subsequente em ambas as variáveis na lactação, desconsiderando a divisão do grupo. A glicemia basal diminuiu no GrM em comparação com GrOv e GrOb com 70-100 dias de gestação e com 130-160 dias de gestação. Com 270-300 dias de gestação e no pós-parto, o GrOb apresentou aumento na glicemia basal em relação ao GrM. Após OST, a glicose no dia do parto no GrOb apresentou valores aumentados em relação ao GrM. Os valores basais de insulina não diferiram entre os grupos. Após OST níveis de insulina foram maiores no GrOb do que GrM e GrOv no momento do parto. Não houve diferença nos valores de cortisol entre os momentos. O GrOb e GrOv mantiveram cortisol aumentado após o parto enquanto o GrM diminuiu. Não foi encontrada correlação entre os valores de glicemia e insulina materna com o peso e a altura do potro, entretanto, foi identificada uma relação menor entre o peso neonatal e o peso da égua no GrOb e GrOv em relação ao GrM. No parto, as éguas apresentaram desregulação da glicose, sendo que as éguas obesas e com sobrepeso apresentaram uma resposta maior ao OST.

Diabetes mellitus em poodle de sete anos / Diabetes mellitus in seven years poodle

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in domestic animals, resulting from environmental and food management. It has as one of the main races rushed the poodle, females and animals with age between 7 and 9 years. This study aimed to report a case of type 1 diabetes mellitus in a seven year old poodle. The animal had a history of emesis episodes, apathy, and lack of appetite. In diabetes mellitus an individualized treatment plan is essential, frequent reassessment.

Diabetes mellitus em poodle de sete anos / Diabetes mellitus in seven years poodle

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in domestic animals, resulting from environmental and food management. It has as one of the main races rushed the poodle, females and animals with age between 7 and 9 years. This study aimed to report a case of type 1 diabetes mellitus in a seven year old poodle. The animal had a history of emesis episodes, apathy, and lack of appetite. In diabetes mellitus an individualized treatment plan is essential, frequent reassessment.(AU)

Investigation of the effect of gestational diabetes on fetal cardiac tissue in streptozotocin induced in rats

Purpose: To investigate the cause of congenital anomalies resulted from gestational diabetes on fetal cardiac tissue in experimental animal study model. Methods: Totally 12 female Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups, each consisting of 6 rats. Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to the study group by dissolving in citrate solution. The rats with a blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL and above were considered to be diabetic rats. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidative stress (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were calculated in the cardiac tissues and maternal serum samples of the fetuses delivered by cesarean section after the mating process. The cardiac tissues were also subjected to histopathological examination. Results: TOS and OSI values in fetal cardiac tissues of the diabetic rats were found to be significantly higher than that of the control group (p=0.026 and p=0.005). Histopathological examination revealed that the mitotic index was lower and the cell organization was found to be damaged in the fetuses of the study group rats. Conclusion: Increased levels of free oxygen radicals considered to be due to hyperglycemia may cause congenital anomalies, especially during organogenesis period, by disrupting cell homeostasis and adversely affecting mitosis.(AU)

Nefropatia diabética em cães: revisão de literatura / Diabetic nephropathy in dogs: literature review

O diabetes mellitus que se desenvolve por deficiência de insulina e hiperglicemia crônica usualmente apresenta complicações que incluem catarata, retinopatia, infecções recorrentes e cetoacidose. A hiperglicemia crônica pode promover complicações a longo prazo como a nefropatia diabética. Nos humanos, a nefropatia diabética é caracterizada principalmente por lesão glomerular e geralmente está associada a hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Dentre os mecanismos propostos para a fisiopatologia da nefropatia diabética tem sido referida a lesão glomerular, assim como a lesão nos túbulos renais. Contudo, até o momento existem poucos estudos investigando a relação entre diabetes mellitus e lesão renal em cães. Esta revisão tem por objetivos esclarecer os possíveis mecanismos fisiopatológicos da nefropatia diabética e discutir o conhecimento disponível sobre sua ocorrência em cães.

Diabetes mellitus caused by insulin deficiency and chronic hyperglycemia usually presents complications including cataract, retinopathy, recurrent infections and ketoacidosis. Chronic hyperglycemia can cause long-term complications such as diabetic nephropathy. In humans, diabetic nephropathy is characterized mainly by glomerular injury and usually it is associated with systemic hypertension. The mechanisms proposed for the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy could be glomerular injury, as well as renal tubular damage. However, there are few studies analyzing the relationship between diabetes mellitus and kidney damage in dogs. The objective of this review is to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy and to analyze the available information about its occurrence in dogs.

Nefropatia diabética em cães: revisão de literatura / Diabetic nephropathy in dogs: literature review

O diabetes mellitus que se desenvolve por deficiência de insulina e hiperglicemia crônica usualmente apresenta complicações que incluem catarata, retinopatia, infecções recorrentes e cetoacidose. A hiperglicemia crônica pode promover complicações a longo prazo como a nefropatia diabética. Nos humanos, a nefropatia diabética é caracterizada principalmente por lesão glomerular e geralmente está associada a hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Dentre os mecanismos propostos para a fisiopatologia da nefropatia diabética tem sido referida a lesão glomerular, assim como a lesão nos túbulos renais. Contudo, até o momento existem poucos estudos investigando a relação entre diabetes mellitus e lesão renal em cães. Esta revisão tem por objetivos esclarecer os possíveis mecanismos fisiopatológicos da nefropatia diabética e discutir o conhecimento disponível sobre sua ocorrência em cães.(AU)

Diabetes mellitus caused by insulin deficiency and chronic hyperglycemia usually presents complications including cataract, retinopathy, recurrent infections and ketoacidosis. Chronic hyperglycemia can cause long-term complications such as diabetic nephropathy. In humans, diabetic nephropathy is characterized mainly by glomerular injury and usually it is associated with systemic hypertension. The mechanisms proposed for the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy could be glomerular injury, as well as renal tubular damage. However, there are few studies analyzing the relationship between diabetes mellitus and kidney damage in dogs. The objective of this review is to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy and to analyze the available information about its occurrence in dogs.(AU)

Cyclosporine A attenuates apoptosis and necrosis after ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury in transiently hyperglycemic rats

Purpose: To investigate the effects of cyclosporine A on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury during transient hyperglycemia in rats. Methods: In a model of ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury and transiently induced hyperglycemia by intraperitoneal injection of glucose, 2.5 g.kg-1, Wistar rats were anesthetized with either isoflurane or propofol and received intravenous cyclosporine A, 5 mg.kg-1, five minutes before reperfusion. Comparison groups were isoflurane and propofol sham groups and isoflurane and propofol ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury. Renal tubular cell viability was quantitatively assessed by flow cytometry after cell culture and classified as early apoptosis, necrotic cells, and intact cells. Results: Early apoptosis was significantly higher in isoflurane and propofol anesthetized animals subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury when compared to both cyclosporine A treated and sham groups. Necrosis percentage was significantly higher in propofol-anesthetized animals subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The percentage of intact cells was lower in both, isoflurane and propofol anesthetized animals subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conclusion: In a model of ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury, cyclosporine A, 5 m.kg-1, administered five minutes before renal reperfusion in rats with acute-induced hyperglycemia under either isoflurano or propofol anesthesia, attenuated early apoptosis and preserved viability in renal tubular cells, regardless of the anesthetic used.(AU)

Phyto- and Bio-Chemical evaluation of Diospyros kaki L. cultivated in Egypt and its biological activities

Abstract Diospyros kaki L. or Costata cultivar is the main persimmon variety progressively consumed in the Egyptian market and exportation. The objective of this study was to investigate the bioprotective effects of the alcoholic extract of fruits as well as leaves of D. kaki using in-vivo rat models. Petroleum ether extracts of fruits and leaves were analytically characterized for saponifiable and unsaponifiable compounds by GC/MS. Main flavonoids were chromatographically isolated from 80% aqueous methanol extract of leaves. Chemical evaluation for fruits and leaves namely, content of moisture, ash, proteins, fatty acids, amino acids, fat and water soluble vitamins, minerals, carotenoids was carried out. Total antioxidant activity was determined by radical scavenging effects using DPPH assay. The effect on biochemical parameters and its biological activity were also performed. Results revealed the identification of the major compounds of saponifiable and unsaponifiable matters of fruits and leaves. Scopoletin, as well as, kaempferol, luteolin, rutin and apigenin 7-O-glucoside were isolated and identified. It showed that this plant can provide a good nutritional value and it is safe regarding the kidney and liver functions, good source that help in enhancing the antioxidant defense against free radicals. No abnormal effects were found in lipids profile on experimental animals and there were good results in the ratio of HDL and LDL cholesterol. Also, this plant can help in optimizing blood sugar, enhancing the level of blood haemoglobin. It is concluded that D. kaki displays a good source of nutrients and bioactive compounds that may contribute to its therapeutic benefits against the risk of disease complications.

Resumo Diospyros kaki L. ou Costata é a principal variedade de caqui progressivamente consumida no mercado e exportação egípcia. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos bioprotetores do extrato alcoólico de frutos e folhas de D. kaki utilizando modelos de ratos in vivo. Extratos de éter de petróleo provenientes de frutos e folhas foram caracterizados analiticamente para compostos saponificáveis e insaponificáveis por GC/MS. Os principais flavonoides foram isolados cromatograficamente, a partir de 80% de extrato aquoso de folhas de metanol. Foi realizada avaliação química de frutos e folhas, ou seja, de teor de umidade, cinzas, proteínas, ácidos graxos, aminoácidos, vitaminas lipossolúveis e solúveis em água, minerais, carotenoides. Foi caracterizada a atividade antioxidante, utilizando ensaio (DPPH). O efeito nos parâmetros bioquímicos e sua atividade biológica também foram analisados. Os resultados revelaram a identificação dos principais compostos saponificáveis e insaponificáveis de frutos e folhas. Escopoletina, bem como kaempferol, luteolina, rutina e apigenina 7-O-glicosídeo foram isolados e identificados. Também demonstraram que esta planta pode proporcionar um bom valor nutricional e é segura em relação às funções renais e hepáticas, boa fonte que ajuda a melhorar a defesa antioxidante contra os radicais livres. Não foram encontrados efeitos anormais no perfil lipídico em testes em animais, e houve um efeito satisfatório na relação de colesterol HDL e LDL. Além disso, esta planta pode ajudar na otimização do açúcar no sangue, aumentando o nível de hemoglobina. Conclui-se que o D. kaki apresenta uma boa fonte de nutrientes e de compostos bioativos que contribuem para seus benefícios terapêuticos e contra o risco de complicações de doenças.

DETECÇÃO DE NEURÔNIOS DO PLEXO MIOENTÉRICO, PERFIL GLICÊMICO E LIPÍDICO, EM RATOS EXPOSTOS AOS FATORES DE RISCO DIABETES, TABAGISMO E DISLIPIDEMIA TRATADOS COM CARQUEJA

A hiperglicemia gerada pelo diabetes mellitus promove alterações fisiológicas em todo o organismo, sendo recorrente o aparecimento de distúrbios gastrintestinais nos portadores desta doença, devido ao dano ao plexo mioentérico. Além do diabetes, sabe-se que há uma relação entre o uso do tabaco e dislipidemia no sistema digestório, porém, ainda há uma lacuna no conhecimento sobre possíveis alterações nos neurônios entéricos. Algumas plantas medicinais são apontadas como terapias complementares no tratamento de doenças gastrointestinais, dentre elas, a Baccharis trimera, que possui em sua composição antioxidantes, que podem exercer efeito neuroprotetor nos neurônios do plexo mioentérico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o possível efeito protetor da B. trimera, popularmente conhecida como carqueja, sobre os neurônios mioentéricos, perfil lipídico e glicêmico de ratos expostos ao modelo experimental com a indução do diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia e o tabagismo. Ratos machos, Wistar, com 90 dias, foram divididos em cinco grupos (n=5), (C-) animais normoglicêmicos, não dislipidêmicos e não tabagistas tratados com veículo (água filtrada), (C+) diabético, dislipidêmico e tabagista tratados com veículo (água filtrada) e animais diabéticos, dislipidêmicos e tabagistas tratados com diferentes doses de carqueja (BT30mg/kg, BT100mg/kg e BT300mg/kg). A indução do diabetes foi realizada via intraperitoneal, com 60mg/kg de estreptozotocina, a dislipidemia, pela adição de 0,5% de colesterol em ração comercial e posteriormente, expostos a inalação de fumaça de nove cigarros comerciais, uma vez por dia, cinco dias por semana, durante quatro semanas. Após 2 semanas, iniciou-se o tratamento com diferentes doses da fração solúvel em etanol de carqueja, via oral por gavagem, uma vez ao dia, por duas semanas em diferentes doses. Foi coletado sangue do plexo ocular dos animais para posteriormente verificar os níveis plasmáticos de colesterol e triglicerídeos. No intuito de quantificar a população de neurônios mioentéricos, foram realizadas as técnicas de coloração básica Giemsa, a fim de marcar a população total e a histoquímica da NADPH-diaforase, que permitiu quantificar os neurônios da subpopulação inibitória. Os animais dos grupos tratados com as diferentes doses de carqueja e C+ apresentaram redução de peso significativa. Na dose de 30mg/kg os níveis plasmáticos de colesterol e triglicerídeos foram reduzidos, porém, não houve redução da glicemia nos ratos tratados com B. trimera. Não foi observada redução neuronal significativa entre os neurônios nitrérgicos, identificados pela técnica NADPH-diaforase, contudo, pelo método de Giemsa, foi observada redução do número de neurônios, dos grupos controle positivo (C+) e os grupos tratados com carqueja (BT30, BT100 e BT300), em relação ao grupo controle negativo (C-), o que pode ter sido agravado pela inclusão do tabagismo ou da dieta hipercolesterolêmica. Assim pode-se concluir que na dose de 30mg/kg de carqueja houve redução significativa nos níveis plasmáticos de colesterol e triglicerídeos, contudo, não foi encontrada redução glicêmica em nenhum dos tratamentos. Quanto aos neurônios mioentéricos a carqueja não apresentou efeitos protetores com redução significativa na quantificação da população total, e a manutenção da subpopulação nitrérgica em todos os grupos, nos permite sugerir que estes neurônios são mais resistentes aos efeitos deletérios do diabetes, tabagismo e dieta hipercolesterolêmica.

The hyperglycemia generated by diabetes mellitus promotes physiological changes throughout the body, with the appearance of gastrointestinal disorders in patients with this disease recurring, due to damage to the myenteric plexus. In addition to diabetes, it is known that there is a relationship between tobacco use and dyslipidemia in the digestive system, however, there is still a gap in knowledge about possible changes in enteric neurons. Some medicinal plants are considered as complementary therapies in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, among them, Baccharis trimera, which has antioxidants in its composition, which can exert a neuroprotective effect on neurons in the myenteric plexus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of B. trimera, popularly known as gorse, on the myenteric neurons, lipid and glycemic profile of rats exposed to the experimental model with the induction of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking. Male, 90-day-old Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=5), (C-) normoglycemic, non-dyslipidemic and non-smoking animals treated with vehicle (filtered water), (C+) diabetic, dyslipidemic and smoking treated with vehicle (filtered water) and diabetic, dyslipidemic animals and smokers treated with different doses of gorse (BT30mg/ kg, BT100mg/kg and BT300mg/kg). Diabetes induction was performed intraperitoneally, with 60mg/kg of streptozotocin, dyslipidemia, by the addition of 0.5% cholesterol in commercial ration and later, exposed to smoke inhalation of nine commercial cigarettes, once a day, five days a week for four weeks. After 2 weeks, treatment with different doses of the fraction soluble in gorse ethanol was started, orally by gavage, once a day, for two weeks in different doses. Blood was collected from the animals' ocular plexus to later check plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. In order to quantify the population of myenteric neurons, basic Giemsa staining techniques were performed in order to mark the total population and the histochemistry of NADPH-diaphorase, which allowed quantifying the neurons of the inhibitory subpopulation. The animals in the groups treated with different doses of carqueja and C + showed significant weight reduction. At a dose of 30mg / kg, plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced, however, there was no reduction in blood glucose in rats treated with B. trimera. No significant neuronal reduction was observed between nitrergic neurons, identified by the NADPH-diaphorase technique, however, using the Giemsa method, a reduction in the number of neurons was observed in the positive control groups (C+) and the groups treated with gorse (BT30, BT100 and BT300), in relation to the negative control group (C-), which may have been aggravated by the inclusion of smoking or the hypercholesterolemic diet. Thus, it can be concluded that at the dose of 30mg/kg of gorse there was a significant reduction in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, however, no glycemic reduction was found in any of the treatments. As for myenteric neurons, gorse did not present protective effects with significant reduction in the quantification of the total population, and the maintenance of the nitrergic subpopulation in all groups, allows us to suggest that these neurons are more resistant to the deleterious effects of diabetes, smoking and a hypercholesterolemic diet.

Acute hyperglycemia prevents dexmedetomidine-induced preconditioning against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of acute hyperglycemia on dexmedetomidine-induced preconditioning against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly arranged to the normoglycemic (NG) or hyperglycemic group (HG), with each group further divided into sham (no I/R injury), I/R (ischemia-reperfusion) and dex (given by dexmedetomidine) groups. Acute hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 25% glucose (3 g/kg) 45 min before ischemia. Dexmedetomidine (50 μg/kg, i.p.) was administrated 30 min before induction of ischemia. Renal function, histology, apoptosis, expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) were detected.RESULTS:I/R insult significantly increased the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, apoptotic tubular epithelial cells, expression of Bax and p-AKT, but decreased Bcl-2 expression. All these changes were further enhanced by hyperglycemia (p<0.05). In hyperglycemic condition, there was no statistically difference between the I/R group and Dex group in all the aforementioned detection indexes (p>0.05).CONCLUSION:Acute hyperglycemia attenuates dexmedetomidine-induced preconditioning against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in non-diabetic rats.(AU)

Avaliação clínica de uma formulação para nutrição enteral em equinos

Nutrição Enteral (NE) após enterotomia ou enterectomia de cólon maior é fundamental para a saúde do sistema gastrentérico, que possui relação com dieta, promoção do restabelecimento da função do enterócito, reflexo gastrocólico com função neuroendócrina e motora do intestino, microbiota estável e normal, status imunológico e mucosa intestinal. Para o estabelecimento da dose de NE (dieta completa) e avaliação clínica de dieta comercial (Equisave®), e para avaliar a sua segurança em animais hígidos, foi realizado o experimento não probabilístico intencional de Fase I em Delineamento Quadrado Latino (DQL) 4X4, com 8 machos castrados, peso médio 290 kg, idade média 4 anos, mantidos em baia em jejum sólido. A Indução Experimental (IE) foi feita com dose única por sonda nasogástrica nos Tratamentos (Trat) 0 %, 50 %, 75 % e 100 % com referência em 1 kg Equisave® / 100 kg PV. Mantido entre cada período estabelecido o washout de 3 dias. Acompanhamento com Parâmetros Físicos (PF) e Bioquímica Sanguínea (BS) do perfil renal, hepático, lipídico e glicose, coletas 3, 6, 9 e 12 horas após IE e Curva Glicêmica (CG), com coletas durante 180 minutos da mesma forma depois da IE. Estatística das médias dos Trat das Variáveis individuais da BS no DQL analisadas pelo teste de médias Tukey´s (p=0,05), e premissas estatísticas. Média das Variáveis da BS no DQL com significância: Bilirrubina Direta 0,37 mg/dL ±0,04 (p=0,0431), Bilirrubina Total 1,37 mg/dL ±0,37 (p=0,0001), Glicose 146,87 mg/dL ±34,21 (p<0,0001), NEFA 0,3mmol/dL ±0,22 (p<0,0001). Nas observações da CG o Trat 0 % (101,96 mg/dL ±10,65); diferiu (p<0,05) dos demais Trat: 50 % (182,05 mg/dL ±55,75); 75 % (188,08 mg/dL ±48,13) e 100 % (191,24 mg/dL ±46,05). A média da GLI na CG dos Trat 165,83 mg/dL ±57,23. Os PF em relação as médias no DQL da frequência cardíaca 39,72 batimentos/minuto, frequência respiratória 16,66 movimentos/minuto, temperatura retal 37,72 ºC e tempo de preenchimento capilar 1,83. Auscultação dos quadrantes intestinais sempre mantiveram normalidade. Há segurança dos PF e manutenção do perfil lipídico no uso das doses. Padrões glicêmicos indicam que o fracionamento e o incremento gradual da dose serão mais seguros. E sugere a modificação da fórmula para menos carboidratos não estruturais com propósito de evitar hiperglicemia.

Enteral Nutrition (EN) after enterotomy or enterectomy major colon is fundamental for the health of the gastrointestinal system, which is related to diet, function and promotion of the restoration of enterocyte, gastrocolic reflex with neuroendocrine and motor function of the intestine, stable microbiota and normal, immunological state and intestinal mucosa. For the establishment of the dose of EN (complete diet) and clinical evaluation of commercial diet (Equisave®), and to evaluate its safety the nonprobabilistic experiment of Phase I Latin Square Design (LSD) 4X4 was carried out, with 8 castrated males, averages the Body Weight (BW) and year old respective, 290 kg and 4 age, kept in stabled in solid fasting. The Experimental Induction (EI) was done with a single dose by nasogastric tube in the treatments (Treat) 0 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % with reference in 1 kg Equisave® / 100 kg BW. Performed the 3-day washout between each established period. Monitoring with Physical Parameters (PP) and Blood Biochemistry (BB) of renal, hepatic, lipid and glucose profiles, collected 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours after EI and Glycemic Curve (GC), with collections for 180 minutes in the same way after EI. Statistic of the Treat means of the individual BB variables in the LSD analyzed by the Tukeys means test (p=0,05), and statistical premises. Direct Bilirubin 0,37 mg/dL ±0,04 (p=0,0431), Total Bilirubin 1,37 mg/dL ±0,37 (p=0,0001), Glucose (GLU) 146,87 mg/dL ±34,21 (p<0,0001), NEFA 0,3 mmol/dL ±0,22 (p<0,0001). In the observations of the GC the Treat 0 % (101,96 mg/dL ±10,65); (p<0,05) and the others Treat: 50 % (182,05 mg/dL ±55,75); 75 % (188,08 mg/dL ±48,13) and 100 % (191,24 mg/dL ±46,05). The mean of the GLU in the GC of the Treat 165,83 mg/dL ±57,23. The PP in relation to the averages in the LSD of heart frequency 39,72 beats/minute, respiratory 16,66 movements/minute, rectal temperature 37,72ºC and capillary refill time 1,83 seconds. Auscultation of the intestinal quadrants always remained normal. There is safety of the PP and maintenance of the lipid profile in the use of doses. Glycemic patterns indicate that the fractionation and the gradual increase of the dose will be safer for administration. Suggests the modification of the formula for less carbohydrates non-structural to avoiding hyperglycemia.