Babesiose encefálica em cães: aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e patológicos / Encephalic babesiosis in dogs: clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects

Background: Babesiosis is a hemolytic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia spp. responsible for causinganemia, fever and splenomegaly in several animal species. The cerebral involvement of babesiosis in dogs manifests itselfin a hyperacute manner with neurological disorders such as motor incoordination, nystagmus, anisocoria and convulsions.In Brazil there still are no studies which describe the pathological aspects of cerebral babesiosis in dogs together withinformation relating to its clinical aspects and epidemiology. Therefore, this work had as an objective to describe sevencases of canine cerebral babesiosis, emphasizing its epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects.Materials, Methods & Results: All the records of the necropsies performed in dogs at Animal Pathology Laboratory (LPA/HV) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos Campus, Paraíba, Northeast of Brazil were identified. In Theperiod from January 2003 to December 2017. Later, were selected all the cases of cerebral babesiosis. Were included in thestudy the cases in which was possible to detect structures that were morphologically compatible with Babesia spp. trophozoites,intra-erythrocyte in vessels, associated to the presence of lesions in the CNS. For the microscopical description all the histological slides of the cases were revised, in addition to new slides were made with the fragments stored in parafin blocks or withthe material fixed in a 10% formalin solution. The clinical course of the animals studied was hyperacute. In 4 cases, there wassudden death within 24 h, from the appearance of the first symptoms and case 7 presented an evolution of approximately 12 h.The main clinical symptoms described were vocalization, anorexia/hyporexia, jaundice and decubitus. Additionally, the mostconsistente macroscopical findings observed...

Babesiose encefálica em cães: aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e patológicos / Encephalic babesiosis in dogs: clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects

Background: Babesiosis is a hemolytic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia spp. responsible for causinganemia, fever and splenomegaly in several animal species. The cerebral involvement of babesiosis in dogs manifests itselfin a hyperacute manner with neurological disorders such as motor incoordination, nystagmus, anisocoria and convulsions.In Brazil there still are no studies which describe the pathological aspects of cerebral babesiosis in dogs together withinformation relating to its clinical aspects and epidemiology. Therefore, this work had as an objective to describe sevencases of canine cerebral babesiosis, emphasizing its epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects.Materials, Methods & Results: All the records of the necropsies performed in dogs at Animal Pathology Laboratory (LPA/HV) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos Campus, Paraíba, Northeast of Brazil were identified. In Theperiod from January 2003 to December 2017. Later, were selected all the cases of cerebral babesiosis. Were included in thestudy the cases in which was possible to detect structures that were morphologically compatible with Babesia spp. trophozoites,intra-erythrocyte in vessels, associated to the presence of lesions in the CNS. For the microscopical description all the histological slides of the cases were revised, in addition to new slides were made with the fragments stored in parafin blocks or withthe material fixed in a 10% formalin solution. The clinical course of the animals studied was hyperacute. In 4 cases, there wassudden death within 24 h, from the appearance of the first symptoms and case 7 presented an evolution of approximately 12 h.The main clinical symptoms described were vocalization, anorexia/hyporexia, jaundice and decubitus. Additionally, the mostconsistente macroscopical findings observed...(AU)

Differential diagnoses in 83 dogs with icterus / Diagnósticos diferenciais em 83 cães com icterícia

Icterus (jaundice) is a yellowish pigmentation resulting from the depositing of bilirubin in tissues due to its high plasmatic concentration. The pathogenesis of icterus includes metabolic changes or obstructed bilirubin excretion and it is classified as pre-hepatic, hepatic and post-hepatic. This study aimed to evaluate and classify different causes of icterus in dogs during post mortem examination. These dogs were examined from 2014 to 2017, using macroscopic and histologic exams as well as ancillary tests. Eighty-three dogs were examined macroscopically and microscopically. They were separated into groups of icterus types: 24 (28.9%) dogs had pre-hepatic icterus, 45 (54.2%) had hepatic, 13 (15.7%) pre-hepatic and hepatic and one (1.2%) had post-hepatic icterus. Many factors were identified as a cause of icterus, including infectious agents (51/83), neoplasms (13/83), hepatic degeneration (11/83), chronic hepatic diseases (6/83), and obstructive causes (1/87). Among the infectious causes, leptospirosis, ehrlichiosis and disorders suggestive of septicemia were diagnosed. Neoplasms associated with icterus were cholangiocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma and lymphoma. Other causes of icterus included degenerative diseases, such as lipidosis and glycogen degeneration. Hepatic fibrosis (cirrhosis) as a chronic disease and cholelithiasis also produced icterus. PCR was performed to confirm leptospirosis and ehrlichiosis. Samples of total DNA were used to amplify a fragment of a gene from Leptospira interrogans and Ehrlichia canis. In some dogs, co-infection of these agents was detected. The classification and identification of icterus etiologies in dogs is very important due to the number of diseases with this alteration, where ante mortem diagnosis is not always easily performed when some of these conditions are present.(AU)

Icterícia é a pigmentação amarelada decorrente da deposição de bilirrubina em tecidos devido à elevada concentração plasmática. A patogênese da icterícia inclui alterações no metabolismo ou na excreção de bilirrubina, sendo classificada em pré-hepática, hepática ou pós-hepática. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar, avaliar e classificar as causas de icterícia em cães necropsiados de 2014 a 2017, associando as lesões macroscópicas, histológicas e exames complementares. Foram avaliados macro- e microscopicamente 83 cães com diferentes intensidades de icterícia. Os cães foram separados em grupos de acordo com o tipo de icterícia: 24 (28,9%) cães com icterícia pré-hepática, 45 (54,2%) cães com icterícia hepática, 13 (15,7%) com icterícia pré-hepática e hepática e um (1,2%) com icterícia pós-hepática. Foram identificadas várias etiologias associadas à icterícia, dentre elas pode-se destacar, agentes infecciosos (51/83), neoplasmas (13/83), processos degenerativos (11/83), crônicos (6/83) e obstrutivos (1/83). Dentre as causas infecciosas, destacam-se a leptospirose, a erliquiose e as lesões sugestivas de septicemia. Entre os neoplasmas associados com icterícia destacaram-se o colangiocarcinoma, hemangiossarcoma e linfoma. Outras causas de icterícia incluiriam os processos degenerativos como as degenerações gordurosa e glicogênica. Fibrose hepática (cirrose) e colelitíase foram também diagnosticados como causa de icterícia. A PCR foi utilizada para o diagnóstico confirmatório de leptospirose e erliquiose. Amostras de DNA total foram utilizadas para amplificar um fragmento dos genes de Leptospira interrogans e de Ehrlichia canis. Em alguns cães foi detectada co-infecção por estes agentes. A classificação e a identificação das causas de icterícia em cães são relevantes devido ao grande número de doenças que apresentam essa alteração, muitas vezes sem diagnóstico ante mortem.(AU)

Differential diagnoses in 83 dogs with icterus / Diagnósticos diferenciais em 83 cães com icterícia

Icterus (jaundice) is a yellowish pigmentation resulting from the depositing of bilirubin in tissues due to its high plasmatic concentration. The pathogenesis of icterus includes metabolic changes or obstructed bilirubin excretion and it is classified as pre-hepatic, hepatic and post-hepatic. This study aimed to evaluate and classify different causes of icterus in dogs during post mortem examination. These dogs were examined from 2014 to 2017, using macroscopic and histologic exams as well as ancillary tests. Eighty-three dogs were examined macroscopically and microscopically. They were separated into groups of icterus types: 24 (28.9%) dogs had pre-hepatic icterus, 45 (54.2%) had hepatic, 13 (15.7%) pre-hepatic and hepatic and one (1.2%) had post-hepatic icterus. Many factors were identified as a cause of icterus, including infectious agents (51/83), neoplasms (13/83), hepatic degeneration (11/83), chronic hepatic diseases (6/83), and obstructive causes (1/87). Among the infectious causes, leptospirosis, ehrlichiosis and disorders suggestive of septicemia were diagnosed. Neoplasms associated with icterus were cholangiocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma and lymphoma. Other causes of icterus included degenerative diseases, such as lipidosis and glycogen degeneration. Hepatic fibrosis (cirrhosis) as a chronic disease and cholelithiasis also produced icterus. PCR was performed to confirm leptospirosis and ehrlichiosis. Samples of total DNA were used to amplify a fragment of a gene from Leptospira interrogans and Ehrlichia canis. In some dogs, co-infection of these agents was detected. The classification and identification of icterus etiologies in dogs is very important due to the number of diseases with this alteration, where ante mortem diagnosis is not always easily performed when some of these conditions are present.(AU)

Icterícia é a pigmentação amarelada decorrente da deposição de bilirrubina em tecidos devido à elevada concentração plasmática. A patogênese da icterícia inclui alterações no metabolismo ou na excreção de bilirrubina, sendo classificada em pré-hepática, hepática ou pós-hepática. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar, avaliar e classificar as causas de icterícia em cães necropsiados de 2014 a 2017, associando as lesões macroscópicas, histológicas e exames complementares. Foram avaliados macro- e microscopicamente 83 cães com diferentes intensidades de icterícia. Os cães foram separados em grupos de acordo com o tipo de icterícia: 24 (28,9%) cães com icterícia pré-hepática, 45 (54,2%) cães com icterícia hepática, 13 (15,7%) com icterícia pré-hepática e hepática e um (1,2%) com icterícia pós-hepática. Foram identificadas várias etiologias associadas à icterícia, dentre elas pode-se destacar, agentes infecciosos (51/83), neoplasmas (13/83), processos degenerativos (11/83), crônicos (6/83) e obstrutivos (1/83). Dentre as causas infecciosas, destacam-se a leptospirose, a erliquiose e as lesões sugestivas de septicemia. Entre os neoplasmas associados com icterícia destacaram-se o colangiocarcinoma, hemangiossarcoma e linfoma. Outras causas de icterícia incluiriam os processos degenerativos como as degenerações gordurosa e glicogênica. Fibrose hepática (cirrose) e colelitíase foram também diagnosticados como causa de icterícia. A PCR foi utilizada para o diagnóstico confirmatório de leptospirose e erliquiose. Amostras de DNA total foram utilizadas para amplificar um fragmento dos genes de Leptospira interrogans e de Ehrlichia canis. Em alguns cães foi detectada co-infecção por estes agentes. A classificação e a identificação das causas de icterícia em cães são relevantes devido ao grande número de doenças que apresentam essa alteração, muitas vezes sem diagnóstico ante mortem.(AU)

Kernicterus in an adult dog

Background: Kernicterus or bilirubin encephalopathy is a condition rarely observed in animal characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the central nervous system. It is a potentially fatal condition due to bilirubin neurotoxic effects caused by the increase of non-conjugated bilirubin pigment, which passes blood brain barrier and has been attributed to an imbalance between albumin and bilirubin levels. Intracellular bilirubin is toxic for cells and can cause decrease in protein synthesis, specially albumin, depression of cell respiration and cellular death. This paper describes kernicterus in a 2-year-old Great Dane female dog.Case: Clinically, the animal showed apathy, lethargy, weight loss and jaundice, which progressed to vomiting and neurological signs characterized by loss of consciousness and eventually coma. Blood parameters were within normal range, except for high levels of alanine aminotransferase (523 U/L), suggesting a liver lesion. The animal was submitted to euthanasia due to the poor prognosis, and at post-mortem examination it showed dehydration and severe jaundice, especially oral, vaginal and ocular mucosas, subcutaneous tissue and blood vessels intima surface. The liver had an accentuated lobular pattern, and the stomach mucosa was reddened. Multiple petechiae were observed in the epicardium, as well as icterus in the blood vessels of the heart. Furthermore, the brain and cerebellum cortex, thalamic region and nuclei region of brainstem showed extensive icteric areas. Microscopically, the liver presented a mononuclear portal hepatitis, centrilobular necrosis and presence of yellowish pigments. The brain had neuronal necrosis, mild vacuolization of the white matter, perineuronal edema and Alzheimer type II astrocytes, while cerebellum showed Purkinje cells necrosis. Hepatic cooper measurement was within range values, and direct imunofluorescence for the detection of Leptospira sp. was negative.[...]

Kernicterus in an adult dog

Background: Kernicterus or bilirubin encephalopathy is a condition rarely observed in animal characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the central nervous system. It is a potentially fatal condition due to bilirubin neurotoxic effects caused by the increase of non-conjugated bilirubin pigment, which passes blood brain barrier and has been attributed to an imbalance between albumin and bilirubin levels. Intracellular bilirubin is toxic for cells and can cause decrease in protein synthesis, specially albumin, depression of cell respiration and cellular death. This paper describes kernicterus in a 2-year-old Great Dane female dog.Case: Clinically, the animal showed apathy, lethargy, weight loss and jaundice, which progressed to vomiting and neurological signs characterized by loss of consciousness and eventually coma. Blood parameters were within normal range, except for high levels of alanine aminotransferase (523 U/L), suggesting a liver lesion. The animal was submitted to euthanasia due to the poor prognosis, and at post-mortem examination it showed dehydration and severe jaundice, especially oral, vaginal and ocular mucosas, subcutaneous tissue and blood vessels intima surface. The liver had an accentuated lobular pattern, and the stomach mucosa was reddened. Multiple petechiae were observed in the epicardium, as well as icterus in the blood vessels of the heart. Furthermore, the brain and cerebellum cortex, thalamic region and nuclei region of brainstem showed extensive icteric areas. Microscopically, the liver presented a mononuclear portal hepatitis, centrilobular necrosis and presence of yellowish pigments. The brain had neuronal necrosis, mild vacuolization of the white matter, perineuronal edema and Alzheimer type II astrocytes, while cerebellum showed Purkinje cells necrosis. Hepatic cooper measurement was within range values, and direct imunofluorescence for the detection of Leptospira sp. was negative.[...](AU)

Etiologias da icterícia e diagnóstico diferencial prospectivo em 84 cães

A icterícia é a coloração amarelada decorrente da deposição de bilirrubina em tecidos ricos em elastina, devido à elevada concentração plasmática. A icterícia ocorre por alterações no metabolismo ou na excreção de bilirrubina, sendo classificadas em pré-hepática, hepática ou pós-hepática. A icterícia pré-hepática ocorre quando há hemólise intra- ou extravascular de causa infecciosa ou imunomediada. A icterícia hepática decorre de lesão hepática extensa. A icterícia pós-hepática pode ser secundária à obstrução parcial ou completa do ducto colédoco por colelitíases ou neoplasias. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar, avaliar e classificar as causas de icterícia em cães necropsiados entre 2014 e 2017 associando as lesões macroscópicas, histológicas e exames complementares. Foram avaliados macro- e microscopicamente 84 cães com diferentes graus de icterícia, sendo classificados 22 (26,2%) cães com icterícia pré-hepática, 48 (57,1%) cães com icterícia hepática, 13 (15,5%) com icterícia pré-hepática e hepática e um (1,2%) com icterícia pós-hepática. Nos exames hematológicos, a alteração mais frequente foi anemia moderada a acentuada com leucocitose e trombocitopenia. Na bioquímica sanguínea, a maioria dos cães estava com azotemia e alteração nos níveis séricos das enzimas hepáticas, como fosfatase alcalina (FA), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT). Foram identificadas várias etiologias associadas à icterícia, dentre elas pode-se destacar, agentes infecciosos (47/84), neoplasias (13/84), processos degenerativos (12/84), crônicos (6/84), processos septicêmicos (5/84) e obstrutivos (1/84). Dentre as causas infecciosas, as mais frequentes foram leptospirose (40/84) e erliquiose (7/84). Das neoplásicas, foram colangiocarcinoma (5/84), hemangiossarcoma (4/84) e (2/84) linfoma. Dos processos degenerativos, os mais frequentes foram degenerações gordurosa (9/84) e glicogênica (3/84). Dos processos crônicos os mais frequentes foram fibrose hepática (cirrose) (6/84) e dos obstrutivos foi diagnosticado somente um caso de colelitíase (1/84). A PCR foi utilizada para o diagnóstico confirmatório da infecção por Leptopira interrogans e Ehrlichia canis. O DNA de Leptospira interrogans foi amplificado em 37 cães, e destes, quatro estavam co-infectados com Ehrlichia canis. A classificação e a identificação das causas de icterícia em cães são de relevância devido a frequência de doenças que apresentam essa alteração, muitas vezes sem diagnóstico ante-mortem.

Icterus is a yellowish discoloration developed from the bilirubin deposition, in tissues abundant in elastin, due to its high plasmatic concentration. It occurs in metabolism changes or bilirubin excretion and it is classified in pre-hepatic, hepatic and post-hepatic. Pre-hepatic icterus is a result of intra- or extravascular hemolysis by infectious or immune-mediated forms. The hepatic jaundice is a consequence of extensive liver damage. Post-hepatic form is usually secondary to partial or complete bile duct obstruction in cholelithiasis or neoplasms. The aim of this study was to evaluate and classify different icterus causes in dogs necropsied between 2014 and 2017, associating macroscopic and histologic changes as well as ancillary tests. Eighty four dogs were analyzed macro- and microscopically and separated in groups of icterus causes; 22 (26,2 %) dogs had pre-hepatic icterus, 48 (57,1%) hepatic, 13 (15.5%) pre-hepatic and hepatic and one (1.2%) with post-hepatic icterus. The hematological exam detected moderate anemia with severe leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. The biochemical exam detected azotemia in most of the dogs with high increase in the sera levels of the hepatic enzymes, as alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Many factors were identified as the cause of icterus and the main factors were infectious agents (47/84), neoplasms (13/84), degenerative changes (12/84), chronic changes (6/84) and obstructive cause (1/84). The most frequent infectious causes were leptospirosis (40/84) and ehrlichiosis (7/84). Neoplastic causes include cholangiocarcinoma (5/84), hemangiosarcoma (4/84) and lymphoma (2/84). Degenerative changes were lipidosis (9/84) and glycogen (3/84) degeneration. Hepatic fibrosis (cirrhosis) (6/84) was the most frequent chronic changes and cholelithiasis (1/84) was diagnosed once as obstructive cause. PCR was performed to confirm Leptopira interrogans e Ehrlichia canis infections. DNA of Leptospira interrogans was amplified in 37 dogs, which four had coinfection with Ehrlichia canis. The classification and identification of icterus causes in dogs are very important due to the number of diseases with this alteration, frequently without ante-mortem diagnosis.

Pancreatite aguda necrótica em bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans) macho adulto / Necrotic acute pancreatitis in male adult Southern Brown Howler Monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans)

This paper reports the development of necrotic acute pancreatitis in a captive male adult Southern Brown Howler Monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans, Cabrera, 1940) presenting acute apathy and anorexia. Blood samples were collected and supportive treatment was made although death could not be avoided. Necropsy was performed. First erythrogram results showed polycythaemia due to dehydration; second exam revealed anemia after fluid administration. Leukopenia with neutropenia suggested poor prognosis. Creatinine was in the reference range although BUN (blood urea nitrogen) was increased. Increased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatin kinase serum activities were observed. Amylase and lipase serum activities were incredibly high. Necropsy revealed intense icterus in subcutaneous tissue and internal structures, including misshapen pancreas with rare glandular tissue. Acute pancreatitis diagnosis was made by clinical signs, laboratory findings, and necropsy.(AU)

Icterícia de íris após rabdomiólise por esforço em um equino

One case of icterus iris diagnosed in an American Paint Horse is described. Stiffness, painful muscle, reluctance to move, elevated respiratory and heart rates, and icterus iris were observed in the clinical examination. Creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels were markedly elevated. Exertional rhabdomyolysis syndrome was diagnosed. Analgesic therapy, fluid therapy, and limited exercise were prescribed. After six days there was a remission of clinical signs and return the original color of the iris.

Neste trabalho, é descrito um caso de icterícia de íris em equino da raça Paint. Ao exame clínico, foram observados tremores, dor muscular, relutância em andar, taquicardia, taquipnéia e icterícia de íris. As concentrações séricas de creatina cinase, aspartato aminotransferase, lactato desidrogenase e bilirrubina indireta estavam marcadamente elevadas. Com base na anamnese, sintomatologia clínica e bioquimica sérica, diagnosticou-se síndrome da rabdomiólise por esforço. Foram instituídos os seguintes tratamentos: terapia analgésica, fluidoterapia e restrição de exercício. Após seis dias, houve a remissão dos sinais clínicos e o retorno da coloração original da íris.

Icterícia de íris após rabdomiólise por esforço em um equino

One case of icterus iris diagnosed in an American Paint Horse is described. Stiffness, painful muscle, reluctance to move, elevated respiratory and heart rates, and icterus iris were observed in the clinical examination. Creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels were markedly elevated. Exertional rhabdomyolysis syndrome was diagnosed. Analgesic therapy, fluid therapy, and limited exercise were prescribed. After six days there was a remission of clinical signs and return the original color of the iris.

Neste trabalho, é descrito um caso de icterícia de íris em equino da raça Paint. Ao exame clínico, foram observados tremores, dor muscular, relutância em andar, taquicardia, taquipnéia e icterícia de íris. As concentrações séricas de creatina cinase, aspartato aminotransferase, lactato desidrogenase e bilirrubina indireta estavam marcadamente elevadas. Com base na anamnese, sintomatologia clínica e bioquimica sérica, diagnosticou-se síndrome da rabdomiólise por esforço. Foram instituídos os seguintes tratamentos: terapia analgésica, fluidoterapia e restrição de exercício. Após seis dias, houve a remissão dos sinais clínicos e o retorno da coloração original da íris.

Icterícia de íris após rabdomiólise por esforço em um equino

One case of icterus iris diagnosed in an American Paint Horse is described. Stiffness, painful muscle, reluctance to move, elevated respiratory and heart rates, and icterus iris were observed in the clinical examination. Creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels were markedly elevated. Exertional rhabdomyolysis syndrome was diagnosed. Analgesic therapy, fluid therapy, and limited exercise were prescribed. After six days there was a remission of clinical signs and return the original color of the iris.

Neste trabalho, é descrito um caso de icterícia de íris em equino da raça Paint. Ao exame clínico, foram observados tremores, dor muscular, relutância em andar, taquicardia, taquipnéia e icterícia de íris. As concentrações séricas de creatina cinase, aspartato aminotransferase, lactato desidrogenase e bilirrubina indireta estavam marcadamente elevadas. Com base na anamnese, sintomatologia clínica e bioquimica sérica, diagnosticou-se síndrome da rabdomiólise por esforço. Foram instituídos os seguintes tratamentos: terapia analgésica, fluidoterapia e restrição de exercício. Após seis dias, houve a remissão dos sinais clínicos e o retorno da coloração original da íris.

The importance of the physicochemical examination for the differentiation of the yellowness of the swine carcasses in the routine meat inspection service / Importância do exame físico-químico no diagnóstico de carcaças amareladas de suínos na rotina de inspeção

Yellowness is a color alteration that can bring to the arrestment of the carcasses. In a sampling of 185 swine carcasses showing yellowness at inspection, without any other evident lesion, two confirmative procedures were made: cooling and the REMINGTON-FOURRI6 examination. The results showed that 158 carcasses remained "yellow" following the cooling treatment, while 118 carcasses were considered icteric after the Remington-Fourrife examination. This shows the efficiency of the second test in confirming icterus in carcasses. Considering these results, a routine physicochemical examination is recommended.

A coloração amarelada é un achado que pode levar à condenação de carcaças. Em uma amostragem de cento e oitenta e cinco carcaças de suínos que à inspeção apresentaram-se amareladas, sem outras lesões visíveis, foram realizados, como provas confirmativas, o - tratamento pelo frio e a reação de Remington-Fourrié. Os resultados mostram que em 158 delas persistiu a coloração amarelada, quando tratadas pelo frio, enquanto que pela técnica de Remington-Fourrié "foram detectadas cento e dezoito carcaças ictéricas. Isto mostra a eficiência desta prova na identificação de icterícia em carcaças amareladas, o que sugere sua utilização na rotina de inspeção.