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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) reproductive alterations and the influence of antioxidant treatments may aid in understanding morphometry testicular quantification. In this context, the aim of the present study was to characterize the intertubular compartment (ITC) morphometry of animal testes in mdx mice supplemented with ascorbic acid (AA). Sixteen mice were used, namely the C57BL/10 (non-dystrophic) and C57BL/10Mdx (dystrophic) lineages, distributed into the following groups: Control (C60), Dystrophic (D60), Control supplemented with AA (CS60), Dystrophic supplemented with AA (DS60). A total of 200 mg/kg of AA were administered to mice for 30 days. Subsequently, the testicles were collected, weighed, and fragmented. The obtained fragments were fixed in Karnovsky's solution (pH 7.2) and embedded in historesin for morphometric and transmission electron microscopy assessments. Leydig cells were hypertrophic in the D60 group, but was reverted by AA supplementation in the DS60 group. The DS60 group also exhibited increased intertubular volume compared to the CS60 group. The ultrastructural images identified multilamellar bodies in dystrophic animals (lipid storage) and telocyte cells (transport substances) in both control and dystrophic animals. Morphometric alterations were, therefore, noted in the intertubular compartment due to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), with AA administration capable of altering Leydig cells in this condition.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Túbulos Seminíferos/fisiopatologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos mdx/fisiologia , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/fisiologia , Doenças Musculares/veterináriaResumo
Background: Testicular neoplasms in dogs are more frequent than in other animal species, representing the most common tumors in elderly subjects after skin neoplasms. In cryptorchid subjects, the risk of neoplastic degeneration is high. The cytological examination is essential to differentiate the type of neoplasia and to determinate the best diagnostic approach. Aim of this report was to describe clinical and histopathological features of a dog with coexistence of Sertoli cell and interstitial endocrine cell tumors in a non-cryptorchid dog. Case: A 9-year-old non-neutered male dog, German Spitz breed, was presented to the veterinary clinic. On clinical examination, the dog had a body condition (BCS 6/9), pink mucous membranes, capillary refill time (CRT) < 2 sec, lymph nodes of normal size, afebrile, normal heart and respiratory rate. The abdomen was depressible to palpation, without pain, the skin appeared hyperpigmented, with generalized presence of comedones, pendular foreskin and absence of hair at the abdominal level, in the ventral portion of the trunk and neck, scant hair also at the level of the inner thighs and in perianal. At ultrasounds examinations, the right testicle presented a hypoechoic circular focal lesion, in the caudal pole, of 0.7 cm in diameter, well defined, echogenicity and a remnant of normal echostructure, smooth and regular margins; the left testicle showed an increase in size, irregular margins, with a heterogeneous echo structure, given by hypoechoic areas, referred to cysts, hemorrhagic or necrotic areas. The hemogram reported slightly microcytic and normochromic regenerative anemia. The leukogram showed monocytosis. The absence of the typical stress leukogram characterized by neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia, and the reduction of ALP allows to rule out Cushing's disease. In order to rule out hypothyroidism due to the inhibitory effect of estrogens on the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) the concentration of total thyroxine was analyzed, reporting normal values excluding hypothyroidism. Blood oestradiol 17-ß (E2) concentration was increased, with a normal testosterone (T) concentration of 0.30 ng/mL. Given the suspicion of the presence of testicular tumors, castration was performed by the surgical excision of both gonads, after ruling out the presence of abdominal or pulmonary metastases by chest and abdominal radiography. Discussion: The clinical, histopathological findings supported the diagnosis of testicular tumors. According to the pathological report, both gonads presented parenchymal nodular neoplastic nodular areas referring to the Sertoli sustentacular cells in the right testicle, to the proliferation of Leydig interstitial cells in the left one. The nodule in the left testicle was unencapsulated and showed a solid-diffuse pattern. Neoplastic cells were irregular polygonal, medium to large in size with moderate nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and moderate anisocytosis. In the right testicle, the nodule was heterogeneous in consistency and a diffuse pattern was present. Neoplastic cells were polygonal morphology, had a moderate nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and were organized tubules lined and obliterated the extensive cell growth. Bilateral orchiectomy allowed to improve the clinical signs, and 3 months after surgery, the animal was in good health, with evident improvement skin lesions. The E2 analysis was repeated, detecting normal values, demonstrating that testicular neoplasm in this patient were involved in E2 production; also T concentration decreased considerably from 0.30 to < 0.07 values.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Neoplasias Testiculares/veterinária , Tumor de Células de Sertoli-Leydig/veterinária , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Orquiectomia/veterináriaResumo
This study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on hormone production and gene expression in duck Leydig cells and its underlying mechanisms. Leydig cells were collected from 200-day-old mallard ducks and divided into five treatment groups (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ng/mL LPS). After treatment with LPS for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, testosterone, activin, and inhibin levels in the cell supernatants were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The expression levels of testosterone synthesis-related genes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), and reproductive-related genes, including gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone receptor (GnIHR), follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We successfully isolated and cultured duck Leydig cells with cell purity above 90%. Compared with the control group, the levels of testosterone, activin, and inhibin secreted in Leydig cells decreased gradually with increasing LPS concentration. After treatment with LPS, the expression of StAR and 3β-HSD genes in Leydig cells was upregulated at 12 h, and that of GnIHR was upregulated at 24 h; whereas the expression of FSHR and LHR was reduced at 24 h. This study indicates that LPS can inhibit the secretion of hormones and regulate the expression of related genes in duck Leydig cells.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Patos/genética , Patos/microbiologia , Expressão Gênica , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos , Endotoxinas , Células Intersticiais do Testículo , TestosteronaResumo
This study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on hormone production and gene expression in duck Leydig cells and its underlying mechanisms. Leydig cells were collected from 200-day-old mallard ducks and divided into five treatment groups (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ng/mL LPS). After treatment with LPS for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, testosterone, activin, and inhibin levels in the cell supernatants were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The expression levels of testosterone synthesis-related genes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), and reproductive-related genes, including gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone receptor (GnIHR), follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We successfully isolated and cultured duck Leydig cells with cell purity above 90%. Compared with the control group, the levels of testosterone, activin, and inhibin secreted in Leydig cells decreased gradually with increasing LPS concentration. After treatment with LPS, the expression of StAR and 3β-HSD genes in Leydig cells was upregulated at 12 h, and that of GnIHR was upregulated at 24 h; whereas the expression of FSHR and LHR was reduced at 24 h. This study indicates that LPS can inhibit the secretion of hormones and regulate the expression of related genes in duck Leydig cells.
Assuntos
Animais , Endotoxinas , Expressão Gênica , Patos/genética , Patos/microbiologia , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos , Células Intersticiais do Testículo , TestosteronaResumo
Purpose: To analyze the effects of aging in rats on the nuclear volume, cytoplasmic volume, and total volume of Leydig cells, as well as their number. Methods: Seventy-two Wistar rats were divided into six subgroups of 12 rats, which underwent right orchiectomy at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. The weight and volume of the resected testicles were assessed. A stereological study of Leydig cells was conducted, which included measurements of cell number and nuclear, cytoplasmic, and total cell volumes. Results: The weight and volume of the resected testicles showed reductions with age. Only the subgroup composed of 24-month old rats showed a decrease in the nuclear volume of Leydig cells. Significant reductions in the cytoplasmic volume and total volume of Leydig cells were observed in 18- and 24-month old rats. The number of Leydig cells did not vary significantly with age. Conclusions: Aging in rats resulted in reduction of the nuclear, cytoplasmic, and total cell volumes of Leydig cells. There was no change in the total number of these cells during aging.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/classificação , Titulometria/tendências , Titulometria/veterinária , Senescência Celular , Ratos/crescimento & desenvolvimentoResumo
Background: Testicular neoplasms are common in dogs, and their incidence is higher in older animals, and in cases of cryptorchidism. In general, they are benign and rarely metastasize. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of testicular neoplasms in dogs in the Departament of Veterinary Pathology of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFGRS) in the period of January 2005 to December 2015. Materials, Methods & Results: Histopathological examination records of dogs conducted from January 2005 to December 2015 on SPV-UFRGS were reviewed searching for cases of testicular neoplasms in dogs. The general data of the dogs were analyzed, such as age, clinical history and clinical signs, when reported according to the requester. The classification of neoplasms in this study followed the histological criteria established by the World Health Organization. In the period studied, 4,764 biopsies were processed from male dogs, 305 (6.4%) of them were diagnosed with testicular neoplasms. The mean age range was 11.1 year-old. In 260 dogs, the neoplasms have affected a single testicle, and in 45, they were bilateral. From 305 dogs, 247 had a single neoplasm, while 58 dogs have developed more than one type of neoplasm, at once, totaling 415 diagnosis of testicular neoplasms. The most prevalent testicular neoplasms were Leydig cell tumor, followed by seminoma, and [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Neoplasias Testiculares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/veterinária , Tumor de Células de Leydig/veterinária , Neoplasias/veterináriaResumo
Background: Testicular neoplasms are common in dogs, and their incidence is higher in older animals, and in cases of cryptorchidism. In general, they are benign and rarely metastasize. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of testicular neoplasms in dogs in the Departament of Veterinary Pathology of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFGRS) in the period of January 2005 to December 2015. Materials, Methods & Results: Histopathological examination records of dogs conducted from January 2005 to December 2015 on SPV-UFRGS were reviewed searching for cases of testicular neoplasms in dogs. The general data of the dogs were analyzed, such as age, clinical history and clinical signs, when reported according to the requester. The classification of neoplasms in this study followed the histological criteria established by the World Health Organization. In the period studied, 4,764 biopsies were processed from male dogs, 305 (6.4%) of them were diagnosed with testicular neoplasms. The mean age range was 11.1 year-old. In 260 dogs, the neoplasms have affected a single testicle, and in 45, they were bilateral. From 305 dogs, 247 had a single neoplasm, while 58 dogs have developed more than one type of neoplasm, at once, totaling 415 diagnosis of testicular neoplasms. The most prevalent testicular neoplasms were Leydig cell tumor, followed by seminoma, and [...]
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Cães , Neoplasias Testiculares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/veterinária , Tumor de Células de Leydig/veterinária , Neoplasias/veterináriaResumo
A associação entre gravidez e diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 (DM2) resulta em elevados níveis de espécies reativas de oxigênio e de fatores pró-inflamatórios na região da placenta. Tal ambiente se estende ao feto, adaptando a sua fisiologia para a sobrevivência imediata, mas programando prejuízos para a fase adulta. O sistema reprodutor masculino é altamente suscetível à programação fetal devido à importância dos períodos iniciais no desenvolvimento e maturação das células somáticas testiculares. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar o testículo da prole de fêmeas com DM2 e avaliar os efeitos dos tratamentos com metformina e pentoxifilina na prevenção dos danos testiculares. Ratas Wistar foram induzidas ao DM2, através do modelo de dieta hiperlipídica-estreptozotocina, divididas em cinco grupos experimentais e tratadas diariamente: Grupo Controle, não induzidas ao diabetes; Grupo Hiperlipídico-Diabético, induzidas ao DM2 e sem tratamento; Grupo Hiperlipídico-Diabético-Metformina, induzidas ao DM2 e tratadas com a metformina; Grupo Hiperlipídico-Diabético-Pentoxifilina, induzidas ao DM2 e tratadas com a pentoxifilina, Grupo Hiperlipídico-Diabético-Metformina-Pentoxifilina, induzidas ao DM2 e tratadas com ambas as drogas. As fêmeas foram acasaladas e os machos das proles experimentais foram submetidos aos procedimentos de eutanásia em dois períodos: fase pré-púbere e fase adulta. Os animais pré-púberes do grupo sem tratamento apresentaram um testículo com reduções no peso, no diâmetro e volume tubulares, além do aumento da densidade volumétrica da túnica basal. Nesta fase, o tratamento com a metformina não resultou em melhoras ao testículo, as quais foram melhor alcançadas através da ação pentoxifilina. No adulto, foram observadas reduções no comprimento tubular, nas células de Leydig, nas células de Sertoli e na produção espermática para os animais do GHD. Em tal idade, a metformina atuou de maneira a proteger o compartimento tubular das alterações, enquanto que a pentoxifilina apresentou melhores resultados na proteção da volumetria e da população das células intersticiais de Leydig. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a exposição ao DM2, durante as etapas iniciais de desenvolvimento testicular, resulta em danos à gônada que culminam na alteração da sua função no adulto e o tratamento combinado da metformina e pentoxifilina é de grande importância na prevenção dos danos a ambos os compartimentos testiculares e na garantia da produção espermática.
The association between pregnancy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) results in high levels of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory factors in the placenta. This environment extends to the fetus, adapting its physiology for immediate survival, but programming it to disturbances during adulthood. The male reproductive system is highly susceptible to fetal programming due to the importance of early periods in the development and maturation of testicular somatic cells. Thus, the aim of this study is to characterize the offsprings testicle from DM2 females and to evaluate the effects of metformin and pentoxifylline treatments in the prevention of testicular damage. Female Wistar rats were induced to T2D, using the hyperlipid diet-streptozotocin model, divided into five groups and treated daily: Control Group (CG), non-diabetic rats; Hyperlipid-Diabetic Group (HDG), rats induced to T2D and untreated; Hyperlipid-Diabetic-Metformin Group (HDMG), rats fed the hyperlipidic diet, induced to T2D and treated with metformin; Hyperlipidemic-Diabetic-Pentoxifylline Group (HDPG), rats fed the hyperlipidic diet, induced to T2D and treated with pentoxifylline, Hyperlipidemic-Diabetic-Metformin-Pentoxifylline Group (HDMPG), rats fed the hyperlipidic diet, induced to T2D and treated with both drugs. The females were mated and the males from the experimental offspring were submitted to euthanasia procedures in two different phases: prepuberty and adulthood. The prepubertal animals from the untreated group had reduced testicular weight, tubular diameter and volume, and increased volumetric density of the basal lamina. At this phase, metformin treatment did not improve these testicular parameters, but the treatment using pentoxifylline achieved better results. In the adult animals, tubular length, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and sperm production reduced in HDG. At such age, metformin acted to protect the tubular compartment from the diabetes alterations, whereas pentoxifylline showed better results in protecting the volume and population of Leydig interstitial cells. Thus, it was concluded that exposure to T2D, during early stages of testicular development, results in gonadal damage that culminates in functional impairment during adulthood, and the combined treatment of metformin and pentoxifylline is of great importance in the prevention of damage to both testicular compartments and the maintenance of sperm production.
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A administração de dietas ricas em lipídios pode promover o estabelecimento de sobrepeso e obesidade, que são definidos como o acumulo de gordura corporal anormal ou excessivo aumentando os riscos no desenvolvimento de vários danos, como: hipertensão, dislipidemias, diabetes mellitus, doenças cardiovasculares, disfunção sexual, problemas respiratórios e câncer. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da administração de metformina, associada ou não, com melatonina e pentoxifilina no metabolismo glicídico, lipídico e parâmetros reprodutivos de animais alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica e induzidos ao diabetes mellitus. Foram utilizados 30 ratos Wistar adultos, divididos em seis grupos experimentais, que foram alimentados durante 60 dias com dieta hiperlipídica. No 30° dia, os animais foram induzidos ao diabetes por estreptozotocina (35 mg/kg). Após a confirmação do diabetes, foi realizado o tratamento com metformina (500 mg/kg), isolada ou em associação com melatonina (5 mg/kg) e/ou pentoxifilina (100 mg/kg) em um período de 30 dias. Após o tratamento, os animais foram pesados, anestesiados com quetamina e xilazina e encaminhados para procedimentos de eutanásia. O sangue dos animais foi coletado para dosagem hormonal e análises moleculares. Fragmentos de tecido testicular foram coletados, armazenados em refrigerador, para dosagem de marcadores de estresse oxidativo, e também encaminhados para processamento histológico em resina. Os níveis de TNF-alfa, IL-6 e corticosterona foram elevados nos animais diabéticos. A associação de metformina com melatonina foi eficiente na redução dos níveis das citocinas inflamatórias. Por outro lado, quando os dois fármacos foram administrados conjuntamente não houve melhoria nesses parâmetros. Com relação ao estresse oxidativo testicular, os níveis de superóxido dismutase, glutationa e malondialdeído, elevados nos animais diabéticos, foram reduzidos significativamente com a administração de metformina isolada e conjuntamente com pentoxifilina e/ou melatonina. Adicionalmente, os parâmetros quantitativos testiculares avaliados também tiveram melhor resposta ao tratamento com metformina e melatonina. Pode-se concluir que a ação da metformina como tratamento para manutenção do diabetes pode ser potencializado com a administração de melatonina exógena, trazendo melhoria na qualidade de vida de indivíduos diabéticos.
The administration of high-fat diets can promote the establishment of overweight and obesity, that are defined as the accumulation of abnormal or excessive body fat that increase the risks in the development of various damages such as: hypertension, dyslipidemias, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, sexual dysfunction, respiratory problems and cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin and pentoxifylline administration of metformin on glucose, lipid metabolism and reproductive parameters of animals fed a hyperlipidemic diet and induced diabetes mellitus. Thirty adult Wistar rats, divided into six experimental groups, were fed 60 days of hyperlipid diet. On the 30th day, the animals were induced to diabetes by streptozotocin (35 mg / kg). After confirmation of diabetes, metformin (500 mg / kg) was administered alone or in combination with melatonin (5 mg / kg) and / or pentoxifylline (100 mg / kg) over a period of 30 days. After treatment, the animals were weighed, anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and referred for euthanasia procedures. Blood from the animals was collected for hormonal dosing and molecular analyzes. Testicular tissue fragments were collected, stored in a refrigerator, for the determination of oxidative stress markers, and also submitted to histological resin processing. Levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and corticosterone were elevated in diabetic animals. A combination of drugs with metformin was effective in reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Regarding testicular oxidative stress, levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and malondialdehyde, elevated in diabetic animals were significantly reduced with metformin alone and in combination with pentoxifylline and / or melatonin. In addition, quantitative indicators test the ability to respond to treatment with metformin and melatonin. It can be concluded that the action of metformin as a treatment for the maintenance of diabetes can be potentiated with an administration of exogenous melatonin, bringing improvement in the life quality in diabetics.
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Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a morfologia funcional da espermatogênese de touros da raça Gir, dando ênfase na biometria do testículo e na histomorfometria do parênquima testicular. Utilizaram-se fragmentos testiculares de oito touros da raça Gir. Os fragmentos foram fixados por perfusão tecidual com solução de Karnovisck. Em seguida, a inclusão foi realizada com glicol metacrilato. Foram realizados cortes histológicos de 4 µm de espessura que foram corados com solução de azul de toluidina - borato de sódio a 1%. A idade média dos touros foi de 8,0 ± 1,3 anos e o peso corporal médio foi 467,5 ± 26,7 kg. O peso testicular foi 289,2 ± 30,5 g em média. O índice gonadossomático foi de 0,12 ± 0,02%. Os túbulos seminíferos, as células de Leydig, o estroma e o tecido intertubular ocuparam, respectivamente, 80,9 ± 1,7%, 5,4 ± 1,3%, 13,7 ± 1,1%, 19,1 ± 1,7%. O comprimento médio de túbulo seminífero por grama de testículo foi de 17 ± 0,8 m. As perdas durante a mitose espermatogonial foram em média de 75,5 ± 3,22%, enquanto na fase meiótica ficou em 30,6 ± 8,17%, o que proporcionou uma perda total de 81,49 ± 2,58% de células durante toda a espermatogênese. A média da produção espermática diária por grama de parênquima foi de 28,0 x 106 células. Conclui-se que a histometria dos parâmetros testiculares da raça Gir encontram-se inseridos na média relatada para bovinos de raças zebuínas.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the functional morphology of spermatogenesis of Gir bulls, with emphasis on testicular biometry and testicular parenchyma histomorphometry. Testicular fragments of eight Gir sires were used. The fragments were fixed by tissue perfusion with Karnovisck's solution. Then the inclusion was performed with glycol methacrylate. Histological sections of 4 µm thickness were stained with 1% sodium toluidine - borate blue solution. The mean age of the bulls was 8.0 ± 1.3 years and the mean body weight was 467.5 ± 26.7 kg. The testicular weight was 289.2 ± 30.5 g on average. The gonadosomatic index was 0.12 ± 0.02%. The seminiferous tubules, Leydig cells, stroma and intertubular tissue occupied, respectively, 80.9 ± 1.7%, 5.4 ± 1.3%, 13.7 ± 1.1%, 19.1 ± 1.7%. The mean length of seminiferous tubule per gram of 5 testis was 17 ± 0.8 m. The losses during spermatogonial mitosis were on average 75.5 ± 3.22%, whereas in the meiotic phase it was 30.6 ± 8.17%, which gave a total loss of 81.49 ± 2.58% of Cells throughout spermatogenesis. The mean daily sperm production per gram of parenchyma was 28.0 x 109 cells. It is concluded that the histometry of the testicular parameters of the Gir breed are inserted in the mean reported for cattle of zebu breeds.
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O tubarão-azul, Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) é uma espécie cosmopolita, de alto valor comercial, principalmente capturado por embarcações que operam em alto mar e vendido em mercados e feiras-livres. Poucos dados biológicos estão disponíveis sobre esta espécie, principalmente quanto à sua sanidade e, o conhecimento do desenvolvimento de seus órgãos linfoides pode trazer importantes informações neste contexto. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho é descrever o desenvolvimento embrionário dos órgãos linfoides em embriões de tubarão-azul: timo, órgão epigonal, baço e órgão de Leydig, quanto à estrutura e arquitetura macroscópica, microscópica e ultraestrutural, pelas técnicas de microscopia de luz e eletrônica de transmissão. Foram coletados cinco espécimes de cada fase representativa do desenvolvimento embrionário: I, II, III e IV e do animal adulto. O timo foi visível macroscopicamente nas fases III e IV e microscopicamente da fase I a IV. O órgão de Leydig está presente nas fases II, III e IV. O baço e o órgão epigonal estão presentes em todas as fases embrionárias e no adulto. O timo apresentou principalmente populações de timócitos em diversos estágios de maturação e melanomacrófagos, o baço apresentou melanomacrófagos linfócitos em diversos estágios de maturação, neutrófilos, trombócitos e grande quantidade de eritrócitos. O órgão epigonal apresentou um grande número de células imaturas, principalemente de linfócitos e células polimorfonucleares. A função do órgão de Leydig é perdida quando adulta, sendo substituída pelo órgão epigonal. Os resultados desse trabalho permitem sugerir que esses órgãos apresentam uma função hematopoiética desde o inicio da embriogênese até a fase adulta.
The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is a cosmopolitan species of high commercial value, easily caught by vessels operating on the high seas and sold in markets and street fairs. Few biological data are available on this species, mainly from their sanity. Studies on development of these lymphoid organs can provide important information in this regard. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the gross, microscopic and ultraestrutural morphology of the embryonic development of lymphoid organs: thymus, epigonal organ, spleen and the Leydig organ by light microscopy and transmission electron techniques. Five specimens were collected from each representative stage of embryonic development: II, III and IV besides adult specimens. Thymus was visible macroscopically at phases III and IV and microscopically from phase I to IV. Leydig organ is presente in phases II, III and IV. Spleen and epigonal organ are present in all embrionic phases and adult. Thymus presented mainly thymocytes populations in several maturation stages and melanomacrophages, spleen presentes melanomacrophages and lymphocytes, neutrophyls, trombocytes and huge amount of erytrocytes. Epigonal organ presented many immature cells, mainly lymphocytes and polimorphonuclear cells. Leidigs organ function is lost in adulthood being replaced by the epigonal organ. The results of this work allow to suggest that these organs present a hematopoietic function since the early development until the adult phase.
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This work aimed to determine total and individual volume of Leydigcells, leydigosomatic index and the number of Leydig cells per testisand per gram of testis in the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu). Testeswere collected from sexually mature collared peccaries, destined forcommercial slaughter. Total and individual volumes of Leydig cellswere 2.02 ml and 1,202.74 x 10-12 ml, respectively. The leydigosomaticindex was 0.022%, and the number of Leydig cell per testis and pergram of testis was 1.7 billion and 92.12 million, respectively. Theseresults show that morphometric characteristics of Leydig cells incollared peccaries are similar to average results observed for most ofthe mammalian species studied.(AU)
Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa determinar o volume total e individual das células de Leydig, o índice leydigossomático e o número de células de Leydig por testículo e por grama de testículo em catetos. Utilizaram-se testículos de 10 catetos sexualmente maturos, destinados ao abate comercial. O volume total e individual das células de Leydig foi 2,02ml e 1202,74 x 10-12ml, respectivamente. O núcleo e o citoplasma ocuparam, respectivamente, 12,3% e 87,7% de cada célula de Leydig.O índice leydigossomático foi de 0,022%, enquanto que o número de células de Leydig por testículo e por grama de testículo foi, respectivamente, 1,7 bilhões e 92,12 milhões de células. Concluiu-se que os parâmetros morfométricos estudados para as células de Leydig de catetos estão inseridos na média relatada para a maioria das espécies de mamíferos. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/citologia , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , Testículo/citologia , ArtiodáctilosResumo
The aim of this research was to evaluate through histomorphometric study, the testicular parenchyma, the daily spermatic production and the efficiency of the spermatogenic process in undefined breed (NDB) adult dogs submitted to five subcutaneous administrations of ivermectin, weekly. Seven adult dogs were divided into two groups: Control (n=4) and Treated (n=3). The treated dogs received 600µg of ivermectin/kg of body weight and control dogs received saline solution at 0.9% of Sodium Chloride. The dogs were weighed weekly to in order to follow the body weight and to calculate the dose of ivermectin. At the end of the experimental period, the dogs were weighet, anesthetized and castrated. The testes were weighed and submitted to analysis through the quantitative and qualitative histology. The testicular parenchyma, the daily spermatic production and the efficiency of the spermatogenic process of the dogs had no toxic or degenerative effects after the application of ivermectin. All of these were observed through the maintenance of the daily spermatic production, the intrinsic income of spermatogenesis (PED/g/t) and the testicular parenchyma structure. Based on the quantitative morphometric evaluations of the spermatogenic process and structure of the testis parenchyma, it is possible to use up to 600µg of ivermectin/kg of body weight in NDB dogs on the helminth control without c
Avaliou-se, através da histomorfometria, o parênquima testicular, a produção espermática diária e a eficiência do processo espermatogênico em cães adultos sem raça definida (SRD), submetidos a cinco administrações subcutâneas de ivermectina, a intervalos semanais. Foram utilizados sete cães adultos, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: Controle (n=4) e Tratado (n=3). Os cães do grupo Tratado receberam ivermectina, por via subcutânea, na dosagem de 600µg/kg de peso corporal, enquanto os cães do grupo Controle receberam solução fisiológica a 0,9% de Cloreto de sódio. Os cães foram pesados semanalmente para acompa-nhamento do peso corporal e cálculo da dose de ivermectina. No final do período experimental, os cães foram pesados, anestesiados e castrados. Os testículos fo-ram pesados e submetidos à análise através de histologia quantitativa e qualitativa. O parênquima testicular e o processo espermatogênico dos cães não evidenciaram efeito tóxico ou degenerativo resultante da aplicação de ivermectina, observados através da manutenção da produção espermática diária, do rendimento intrínseco da espermatogênese (PED/g/t), e da estrutura do parênquima testicular. Com base nas avaliações morfométricas quantitativas do processo espermatogênico e na es-trutura do parênquima testicular, é possível utilizar a administração de até 600µg de ivermectina/kg de peso corporal em cães SRD no c
Resumo
The testosterone levels with nasal gland volume and Leydig cell morphometry in sexually mature capybaras were compared using 10 adult capybaras, aging 28 months. Body and testicular weight were 50kg and 28g, respectively. The gonadosomatic index was 0.11±0.02%, while nasal gland volume was 34.12±13.04ml. Serum testosterone concentration was 25.07±14.73ng/ml. Leydig cell volume density and leydigosomatic index were, respectively, 28.8±8.3% and 0.030±0.007%. Total and individual Leydig cell volumes were 6.88±1.92ml and 2,228.14±272.59x10-12ml, respectively. Leydig cell numbers per testis and per gram of testis were, respectively, 3,079.4±719.9x106 and 115.09±31.78x106 cells. These results show that increase in serum testosterone concentration is correlated to a proportional increase of nasal gland and Leydig cell volume in capybaras.(AU)
Estimaram-se as correlações entre os níveis de testosterona e o volume da glândula nasal e a morfometria das células de Leydig no parênquima testicular de capivaras sexualmente maduras. Utilizaram-se 10 capivaras com aproximadamente 28 meses de idade e com peso médio corporal de 50kg e testicular de 28g. O índice gonadossomático e o volume médio da glândula nasal foram 0,11±0,02% e 34,12±13,04ml, respectivamente, e a concentração sérica de testosterona 25,07±14,73ng/ml. A proporção volumétrica de células de Leydig e o índice leydigossomático foram 28,8± 8,3% e 0,030±0,007%, respectivamente. Os volumes total e individual de células de Leydig foram 6,88±1,92ml e 2228,14±272,59´10-12ml, respectivamente. O número de células de Leydig por testículo e por grama de testículo foram, respectivamente, 3079,4±719,9´106 e 115,09±31,78´106. Concluiu-se que o aumento dos níveis séricos de testosterona foi acompanhado por aumento proporcional do volume da glândula nasal de capivaras e que a concentração desse hormônio é tanto mais alta quanto maior for o volume da célula de Leydig.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Testosterona/efeitos adversos , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/ultraestrutura , RoedoresResumo
The ultrastructure of Leydig cells of horses, asses and hinnies was compared to show the morphological differences among them. These cells have a well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, indicating a normal steroidogenic activity, but in the horse, this organelle seems to be a litle more abundant. The mitochondria was round, small and numerous. In asses and hinnies a great amount of microfilaments appear mainly near the nucclei. The function of these filaments is unknown, because there is no aparent reason for these cells to have a well developed cytoskeletal since they are imobile and don"t have a supporting function, except, by, the steroids precursors and intracellular organelles transport.
A ultra-estrutura das células de Leydig de cavalos, jumentos e burros foi comparada com o intuito de se estudar as diferenças morfológicas existentes. Todas as células estudadas apresentam um retículo endoplasmático liso bem desenvolvido, característico das células produtoras de hormônios esteróides. No cavalo, no entanto, esta organela aparentemente se apresenta mais abundante. As mitocondrias encontradas são pequenas, redondas e numerosas. Nos jumentos e burros uma grande quantidade de microfilamentos aparece próximo ao núcleo. A função destes filamentos é ainda desconhecida pois parece não existir razão para a presença de um citoesqueleto tão desenvolvido em células intersticiais, imóveis e sem função de sustentação, exceto, talvez, a relação com o transporte de substâncias precursoras de esteróides e/ou organelas intracelulares.
Resumo
Leydig cell acute steroidogenic response, in seven young Mangalarga stallions (2.6 - 4.5 ys), was evaluated through human Corionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) stimulation. The animals were treated with 5,000 UI (hCG) Vetecor®, i.v., in bollus, at 8 a.m. Plasma samples were collected by venopuncture at 7 a.m. (basal), 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after stimulation (from 28 to August 31). Testosterone (T) and estrone sulphate (E1SO4) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), intra-assay variation = 5%. Data were analysed by Friedman and Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs tests (p = 0.05). The magnitude of hormonal production after stimulation was analysed by Percentual Variation (delta %). At 48 hours, 57.1% of the animals (n = 4) had maximal response (T) with values 5.7 greater than basal. And although 57.1% of them (n = 4) had maximal response (E1SO4) at 4 hours, the maximal value was 1.6 greater than basal at 24 hours. The hCG may be employed to stimulate the Leydig cell steroidogenic response and 5,000 UI is enough to stimulate testicular steroidogenesis. The estrogen basal concentrations are higher than testosterone basal concentrations. This protocol could be applied to identify fertility problems of endocrine origin in horses of this breed.
Avaliou-se a resposta esteroidogênica aguda da célula de Leydig em sete garanhões jovens da raça Mangalarga (2,6 a 4,5 anos), através de estimulação com gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG). Os animais foram tratados com 5.000 UI (hCG) Vetecor®, i.v., in bollus, às 8 horas. Amostras de plasma foram obtidas por venopuntura às 7 horas (basal), 4, 24, 48, 72 horas pós-estímulo (28 a 31 de agosto). Testosterona (T) e sulfato de estrona (E1SO4) foram dosados por radioimunoensaio (RIE) c.v. = 5%. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes Friedman e Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Ranks (p = 0,05). A magnitude da produção hormonal após o estímulo foi calculada pela Variação Percentual (delta %). Às 48 horas do teste, 57,1% dos animais (n = 4) apresentaram pico de T com um aumento de 5,7 vezes com relação ao basal. Embora em 57,1% (n = 4) tenha ocorrido a resposta máxima de E1SO4 às 4 horas, o valor máximo foi de 1,6 vez às 24 horas. A hCG pode ser empregada para estimular a resposta esteroidogênica da célula de Leydig e a dose de 5.000 UI é suficiente para estimular a esteroidogênese testicular. Em condições basais, as concentrações plasmáticas de estrógenos são superiores às dos andrógenos. Este protocolo pode ser usado para identificar problemas de origem endócrina em cavalos desta raça.
Resumo
Both the presence of receptors for gonadal steroids in the pineal gland and in vitro observations of direct action of melatonin upon Leydig cells, inhibiting testosterone secretion, indicate a direct connection between pineal gland and gonadal function. In the present study, we used a transmission electron microscope to analyze the morphologic parameters of Leydig cells from adult Swiss outbred white mice treated with daily subcutaneous injections of 100 µg of melatonin (N-acetyl, 5-methoxytryptamine), during 22 consecutive days, compared with sham-control animals which had only received the melatonin vehicle. The melatonin group of mice showed a decrease in nuclear volume and fractional nuclear volume; smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum; mitochondria; and Golgi complex. Our data also showed an increase in cytoplasmic volume, fractional cytoplasmic volume, and lysosomes in these same animals. The results suggest that melatonin, directly or indirectly, alters the ultrastructure of mouse Leydig cells and possibly influences their secretory activity by inhibiting their capacity to secrete steroids.
No presente trabalho, utilizamos a microscopia eletrônica de transmissão para analisar os parâmetros morfológicos das células de Leydig de camundongos adultos, suíços outbred, tratados com uma injeção subcutânea diária de 100 µg de melatonina (5-metoxi-N-acetil-triptamina), durante 22 dias consecutivos, comparando-os com animais sham-controle que receberam apenas o veículo da melatonina. Os animais tratados com melatonina mostraram diminuição do volume nuclear, da fração volumétrica do núcleo, do retículo endoplasmático liso e rugoso, das mitocôndrias e do complexo de Golgi. Nos mesmos animais ocorreu, também, aumento do volume do citoplasma e da fração volumétrica do citoplasma e dos lisossomos. Esses resultados sugerem que a melatonina pode alterar, direta ou indiretamente, a ultra-estrutura das células de Leydig do camundongo, inibindo sua atividade de síntese, como a produção de esteróides.
Resumo
This is a review article on epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of testes tumors in childhood that represents 1 to 2% of the solid. Germ tumors represent 60 to 75% of pediatric testes tumors of whom the most common is the yolk sac tumor that usually is treated by radical orquiectomy. Teratoma is the second in frequency that has a benign behavior in childhood and can be managed by watchful waiting or partial orquiectomy. Leydig cell and Sertoli cell tumors are the most common of the gonad stroma and both can be treated plain orquiectomy.
Trata-se de um artigo de revisão de tumores testiculares na infância que representam 1 a 2% dos tumores sólidos pediátricos. Os tumores germinativos representam 60 a 75% dos tumores testiculares pediátricos. Destes o mais comum é o tumor de saco vitelino cujo tratamento consiste na orquiectomia radical. Segue-se em freqüência o teratoma que na infância tem comportamento benigno e pode ser manejado com observação ou orquiectomia parcial. Os tumores de células de Leydig, e os de células de Sertoli, são os mais comuns do estroma gonadal e ambos podem ser tratados com orquiectomia simples.
Resumo
The aim of this research was to evaluate through histomorphometric study, the testicular parenchyma, the daily spermatic production and the efficiency of the spermatogenic process in undefined breed (NDB) adult dogs submitted to five subcutaneous administrations of ivermectin, weekly. Seven adult dogs were divided into two groups: Control (n=4) and Treated (n=3). The treated dogs received 600µg of ivermectin/kg of body weight and control dogs received saline solution at 0.9% of Sodium Chloride. The dogs were weighed weekly to in order to follow the body weight and to calculate the dose of ivermectin. At the end of the experimental period, the dogs were weighet, anesthetized and castrated. The testes were weighed and submitted to analysis through the quantitative and qualitative histology. The testicular parenchyma, the daily spermatic production and the efficiency of the spermatogenic process of the dogs had no toxic or degenerative effects after the application of ivermectin. All of these were observed through the maintenance of the daily spermatic production, the intrinsic income of spermatogenesis (PED/g/t) and the testicular parenchyma structure. Based on the quantitative morphometric evaluations of the spermatogenic process and structure of the testis parenchyma, it is possible to use up to 600µg of ivermectin/kg of body weight in NDB dogs on the helminth control without c
Avaliou-se, através da histomorfometria, o parênquima testicular, a produção espermática diária e a eficiência do processo espermatogênico em cães adultos sem raça definida (SRD), submetidos a cinco administrações subcutâneas de ivermectina, a intervalos semanais. Foram utilizados sete cães adultos, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: Controle (n=4) e Tratado (n=3). Os cães do grupo Tratado receberam ivermectina, por via subcutânea, na dosagem de 600µg/kg de peso corporal, enquanto os cães do grupo Controle receberam solução fisiológica a 0,9% de Cloreto de sódio. Os cães foram pesados semanalmente para acompa-nhamento do peso corporal e cálculo da dose de ivermectina. No final do período experimental, os cães foram pesados, anestesiados e castrados. Os testículos fo-ram pesados e submetidos à análise através de histologia quantitativa e qualitativa. O parênquima testicular e o processo espermatogênico dos cães não evidenciaram efeito tóxico ou degenerativo resultante da aplicação de ivermectina, observados através da manutenção da produção espermática diária, do rendimento intrínseco da espermatogênese (PED/g/t), e da estrutura do parênquima testicular. Com base nas avaliações morfométricas quantitativas do processo espermatogênico e na es-trutura do parênquima testicular, é possível utilizar a administração de até 600µg de ivermectina/kg de peso corporal em cães SRD no c
Resumo
This is a review article on epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of testes tumors in childhood that represents 1 to 2% of the solid. Germ tumors represent 60 to 75% of pediatric testes tumors of whom the most common is the yolk sac tumor that usually is treated by radical orquiectomy. Teratoma is the second in frequency that has a benign behavior in childhood and can be managed by watchful waiting or partial orquiectomy. Leydig cell and Sertoli cell tumors are the most common of the gonad stroma and both can be treated plain orquiectomy.
Trata-se de um artigo de revisão de tumores testiculares na infância que representam 1 a 2% dos tumores sólidos pediátricos. Os tumores germinativos representam 60 a 75% dos tumores testiculares pediátricos. Destes o mais comum é o tumor de saco vitelino cujo tratamento consiste na orquiectomia radical. Segue-se em freqüência o teratoma que na infância tem comportamento benigno e pode ser manejado com observação ou orquiectomia parcial. Os tumores de células de Leydig, e os de células de Sertoli, são os mais comuns do estroma gonadal e ambos podem ser tratados com orquiectomia simples.