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1.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 43: e52612, 2021. graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460984

Resumo

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) has been broadly used in several sectors of society. This material when exposed to the environment might reach the aquatic animals and cause toxic effects. Here, it was evaluated the MWCNTs toxicity in melanomacrophages primary culture that was submitted to 1 µ gm L-1 MWCNTs for 24 hours. After exposition to MWCNT, 48 and 59% liver and spleen melanomacrophages were healthy, respectively. The control group presented 85% viability. Phagocytosis activity of melanomacrophages was observed by presence of black inclusions in cytoplasm. The findings indicate MWCNT was cytotoxic to melanomacrophages, where its release and effect into aquatic environment must be more studied. Finally, the melanomacrophages present large potential as experimental model for evaluation of carbon-based nanomaterial toxicity.


Assuntos
Animais , Fagocitose , Macrófagos , Nanotubos de Carbono/análise , Peixes
2.
Acta Sci. Biol. Sci. ; 43: e52612, 2021. graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-764593

Resumo

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) has been broadly used in several sectors of society. This material when exposed to the environment might reach the aquatic animals and cause toxic effects. Here, it was evaluated the MWCNTs toxicity in melanomacrophages primary culture that was submitted to 1 µ gm L-1 MWCNTs for 24 hours. After exposition to MWCNT, 48 and 59% liver and spleen melanomacrophages were healthy, respectively. The control group presented 85% viability. Phagocytosis activity of melanomacrophages was observed by presence of black inclusions in cytoplasm. The findings indicate MWCNT was cytotoxic to melanomacrophages, where its release and effect into aquatic environment must be more studied. Finally, the melanomacrophages present large potential as experimental model for evaluation of carbon-based nanomaterial toxicity.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Peixes , Macrófagos , Nanotubos de Carbono/análise , Fagocitose
3.
R. bras. Parasitol. Vet. ; 26(3): 285-291, 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-25916

Resumo

The aim of this study was to determine the morphometric measures and morphological aspects of nematode-cysts in Gymnotus inaequilabiatus, and the presence of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) associated with the periphery of cysts and in the liver parenchyma. Adult specimens, 34 female (123.1 ± 43.9g) and 45 male (135.5 ± 43.4g), from Paraguay River, Corumbá, Brazil, were used. The number of nematode-cysts was determined in 79 livers and 25 of them randomly selected for histopathological analysis and morphometric measures of nematode-cysts (mean diameter, thickness of collagen layer, and cyst-wall layer). The percentage of cysts with MMCs on the periphery and density in the liver parenchyma was estimated. The average number of macroscopic cysts was of 48.7 ± 2.78. Granulomatous reaction was observed surrounding the cysts. Diameter, collagen layer and cyst-wall measurements were 293.0 ± 75.18 (µm), 17.72 ± 6.01 (µm) and 12.21 ± 9.51 (µm), respectively. The number of nematode-cysts was correlated with hepatosomatic index, (r=0.26, P 0.05). Collagen layer was correlated with cyst diameter (r=0.62, P 0.01). Pericystic and parenchymatous MMCs were moderately (r=0.48) and highly (r=0.90) correlated with nematode-cysts number. Morphological characteristics of hepatic tissue and cysts-nematodes measures suggest that G. inaequilabiatus acts as a paratenic host to nematodes in the larval stage.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as características morfológicas e morfométricas de cistos de nematodas em fígado de Gymnotus inaequilabiatus, e a presença de centros de melanomacrófagos (CMMs) pericísticos e no parênquima hepático. Espécimes adultos, 34 fêmeas (123,1 ± 43,9 g) e 45 machos (135,5 ± 43,4g), provenientes do Rio Paraguai, Corumbá, Brasil foram utilizados. Os cistos foram quantificados em 79 fígados. Em 25 fígados foi realizada a análise histopatológica e morfometria dos cistos (diâmetro, espessura da camada de colágeno e da parede). Estimou-se a porcentagem de cistos com CMMs periférico e a densidade de CMMs no parênquima. A média de cistos macroscópicos foi de 48,7 ± 2,78. Observou-se reação granulomatosa pericística. O diâmetro, a espessura da camada de colágeno e da parede do cisto foi de 293,0 ± 75,18 (µm), 17,72 ± 6,01 (µm) e 12,21 ± 9,51 (µm), respectivamente. O número de cistos foi associado ao índice hepatossomático, (r=0,26, P 0,05). A camada de colágeno correlacionou-se com o diâmetro do cisto (r=0,62, P 0,01). CMMs pericísticos e do parênquima apresentaram correlação moderada (r=0,48) e alta (r=0,90) com o número de cistos, respectivamente. As características morfológicas do tecido hepático e a morfometria dos cistos de nematodas sugerem que G. inaequilabiatus atua como hospedeiro paratênico para larvas de nematodas.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Gimnotiformes/anatomia & histologia , Gimnotiformes/fisiologia , Fígado/parasitologia , Cistos/veterinária
4.
Tese em Português | VETTESES | ID: vtt-220113

Resumo

Este estudo objetivou conhecer os aspectos taxonômicos e ecológicos dos parasitos e a ecotoxicologia de Leptodactylus macrosternum no domínio morfoclimático das Caatingas, além de descrever os achados histopatológicos associados aos parasitos e/ou ao ambiente. Os animais eram provenientes de duas áreas agricultáveis (agricultura convencional e orgânica) e uma área pouco alterada de Caatinga stricto sensu, do município de Petrolina, Pernambuco. Após a captura, os animais foram pesados e mensurados o comprimento rostro-cloacal (CRC) e submetidos à coleta de ácaros e amostras de sangue para confecção de esfregaços sanguíneos para pesquisa de hemoparasitos, além de teste de micronúcleo e outras alterações nucleares. Em seguida, os animais foram eutanasiados para a coleta de helmintos e fragmentos de tecidos para histopatologia. Amostras de fígado e músculo foram submetidas à técnica de Espectrometria de Emissão Óptica por Plasma Acoplado Indutivamente (ICP OES) para quantificação dos minerais. No total, foram coletados 135 anuros fêmeas e machos, adultos e imaturos, cujo peso (massa corpórea) e CRC variaram de 1,6 a 94,2 g (58,1±18,1 g) e 26,8 a 99,1 mm (24,0±20,6 mm), respectivamente. A comunidade de parasitos de L. macrosternum esteve composta pelo ácaro Hannemania sp., seis morfotipos de hemoparasitos e 18 espécies de helmintos (12 espécies de helmintos em hospedeiros de área de agricultura convencional, 12 para Caatinga stricto sensu e 11 para agricultura orgânica). Dentre os helmintos, duas novas espécies de nematoides foram descritas. Do total de anuros coletados, 90,4% (122/135) estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de helminto, enquanto 78,5% (106/135) estavam infestados por Hannemania sp. Do total de 104 anuros que tiveram o sangue avaliado, 60% (62/104) estavam parasitados por pelo menos um morfotipo de hemoparasito. Nas três áreas de coleta, foram encontradas alterações citotóxicas (blebbed, notched, broto e binucleado) e genotóxicas (micronúcleo). Para o perfil mineral foram quantificados 11 elementos: Alumínio (Al), Cádmio (Cd), Cobalto (Co), Cromo (Cr), Cobre (Cu), Ferro (Fe), Manganês (Mn), Molibdênio (Mo), Níquel (Ni), Chumbo (Pb) e Zinco (Zn). Entre os minerais, Al, Fe e Zn foram os elementos encontrados em maior quantidade nos tecidos hepático e muscular. A área ocupada por melanomacrófagos hepáticos foi influenciada pelo peso (massa corpórea), CRC e índice hepatossomático. A comunidade de parasitos de L. macrosternum reflete sua posição na cadeia trófica e o consequente papel ecológico diversificado nos diferentes ciclos de vida de seus parasitos. Os resultados obtidos reforçam o papel dos anuros e seus parasitos como bioindicadores da qualidade do ambiente e a grande diversidade de espécies ainda oculta no domínio morfoclimático das Caatingas, com a descrição de duas espécies novas de parasitos, além da importância da implementação de medidas que visem a conservação tanto de L. macrosternum quanto deste domínio.


This study aimed to understand the taxonomic and ecological aspects of the parasites and the ecotoxicology of Leptodactylus macrosternum in the Caatinga biome, in addition to describing the histopathological findings associated with the parasites and/or the environment. The animals were collected in two arable areas (conventional and organic agriculture) and a little altered area of Caatinga stricto sensu, in the municipality of Petrolina, Pernambuco. After capture, the animals were weighed and snout-vent length (SVL) was measured, and mites and blood samples were collected to make blood smears for hemoparasites research and micronucleus test and other nuclear alterations. Then, the animals were euthanized to collect helminth and tissue fragments for histopathology. Liver and muscle samples were submitted to the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) technique for mineral quantification. In total, 135 adult and immature female and male frogs were collected, whose weight and SVL ranged from 1.6 to 94.2 g (58.1±18.1 g) and 26.8 to 99.1 mm (24 .0±20.6 mm), respectively. The L. macrosternum parasite community was composed of a mite Hannemania sp., six hemoparasites morphotypes and 18 helminth species (12 helminth species in conventional agricultural area hosts, 12 for Caatinga stricto sensu and 11 for agriculture organic). Among the helminth, two new species of nematodes were described. Of the total number of anurans collected, 90.4% (122/135) were parasitized by at least one species of helminth, while 78.5% (106/135) were infested by Hannemania sp. Of the total of 104 anurans that had their blood evaluated, 60% (62/104) were parasitized by at least one hemoparasite morphotype. In the three sampling areas, cytotoxic (blebbed, notched, bud and binucleate) and genotoxic (micronucleus) alterations were found. For the mineral profile, 11 elements were quantified: Aluminum (Al), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn). Among the minerals, Al, Fe and Zn were the elements found in greater quantity in liver and muscle. The melanomacrophage area was influenced by weight, SVLand hepatosomatic index. The L. macrosternum parasite community reflects its position in the food chain and the consequent diversified ecological role in the different life cycles of its parasites. The results obtained reinforce the role of anurans and their parasites as bioindicators of environmental quality and the great diversity of species still hidden in the morphoclimatic domain of the Caatingas with the description of two new species of parasites, in addition to the importance of implementing measures aimed at the conservation of both L. macrosternum and this domain.

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