Calcium propionate increased milk parameters in Holstein cows

Background: In the early lactation, dairy cows go through a period of negative energy balance because they do not intakeenough food to supply the energetic demand of milk production. In this period, dairy cows are susceptible to metabolicdisorders, although has little evidence that milk production contribute to increase diseases occurrence. Some alternativesto minimize metabolic disorders, that reduce milk yield, has been suggested, as increase energy density in the diet of drycows 21 days before the parturition and include additives in the diet pre and post-partum. The aim of this study was tomeasure the productive parameters in dairy cows fed calcium salts as energetic source.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows andthe other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups.The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate,T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. The animals were milked twice aday, the first milking at 07:00 am and the second milking at 05:00 pm. Milk samples were collected in plastic containerswith potassium dichromate. These samples were sent to the Laboratory of Milk Analysis of the Paranaense Association ofBreeders of the Holstein Breed for analysis of fat, protein, lactose and total solids through the infrared method. Throughoutthe experimental period, the daily production of the animals under study was recorded. The production of milk (kg) wascorrected to 3.5% fat using the formula PLA 3.5% = (0.432 + kg milk) + (0.1623 x kg milk x fat content).Discussion: Greater supply of glucose or propionate stimulate milk protein production, but the mechanism of this stimulation is unclear...

Calcium propionate increased milk parameters in Holstein cows

Background: In the early lactation, dairy cows go through a period of negative energy balance because they do not intakeenough food to supply the energetic demand of milk production. In this period, dairy cows are susceptible to metabolicdisorders, although has little evidence that milk production contribute to increase diseases occurrence. Some alternativesto minimize metabolic disorders, that reduce milk yield, has been suggested, as increase energy density in the diet of drycows 21 days before the parturition and include additives in the diet pre and post-partum. The aim of this study was tomeasure the productive parameters in dairy cows fed calcium salts as energetic source.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows andthe other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups.The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate,T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. The animals were milked twice aday, the first milking at 07:00 am and the second milking at 05:00 pm. Milk samples were collected in plastic containerswith potassium dichromate. These samples were sent to the Laboratory of Milk Analysis of the Paranaense Association ofBreeders of the Holstein Breed for analysis of fat, protein, lactose and total solids through the infrared method. Throughoutthe experimental period, the daily production of the animals under study was recorded. The production of milk (kg) wascorrected to 3.5% fat using the formula PLA 3.5% = (0.432 + kg milk) + (0.1623 x kg milk x fat content).Discussion: Greater supply of glucose or propionate stimulate milk protein production, but the mechanism of this stimulation is unclear...(AU)

Leite de búfalas Murrah, criadas em São Paulo (Brasil): influência da idade, fase de lactação, momento da ordenha e isolamento bacteriano na composição físico-química e celular / Milk of Murrah buffaloes bred in São Paulo (Brazil): influence of age, lactation phase, time of milking and bacterial isolation in the physical-chemical and cell composition

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar valores físico-químicos ecelulares do leite de búfalas criadas em São Paulo, Brasil, assimcomo evidenciar relações entre o isolamento bacteriano e alteraçõesnesses constituintes, contribuindo dessa forma para o diagnósticodas diferentes formas de mastite. Os valores consideradoscomo de referência para o leite de búfalas, segundo as fases delactação (inicial, intermediária e final), foram respectivamente:para o pH 6,89; 6,85 e 6,9; para a eletrocondutividade 3,82;4,02 e 4,49 mS/cm; para os teores de cloreto 18,21; 20,13 e26,49 mg/dl; para os teores de gordura 4,25; 3,70 e 3,56 g/dl;para os teores de proteína 3,97; 4,03 e 4,5 g/dl; para os teoresde lactose 5,11; 5,08 e 4,81 g/dl; para os teores de sólidostotais 14,55; 13,88 e 13,93 g/dl e para o número de célulassomáticas 29.000; 29.000 e 26.000 cel/ml. As bactérias isoladascom maior frequência foram as dos gêneros: Corynebacterium(28,5%); Staphylococcus (24,7%); Streptococcus (15,8%); e Arcanobacteriumpyogenes (11,4%), com uma prevalência igual a20,1%. O número de isolamentos bacterianos aumentou significativamentecom o evoluir da lactação. Em contraste, o momentoda ordenha não influenciou no número de isolamentos.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate physicalchemicaland cellular contents of the milk of buffaloes bred inthe state of São Paulo, Brazil, and to draw relationships betweenthese values and microbiological results, contributing significantlyfor the diagnosis of different forms of mastitis. Reference valuesfor buffalo milk, according to the phase of lactation (beginning,middle and end of lactation) were, respectively: pH, 6.89; 6.85and 6.9; electro conductivity, 3.82; 4.02 and 4.49 mS/cm; chloridecontent, 18.72; 20.13 and 26.49 mg/dl; fat content 4.25;3.70 and 3.56 g/dl; protein content, 3.97; 4.03 and 4.5 g/dl;lactose content, 5.11; 5.08 and 4.81 g/dl; total solid content,14.55; 13.88 and 13.93 g/dl, and somatic cell counts, 29,000;29,000 and 26,000 cells/ml. Results support that the phase oflactation influence pH, electroconductivity, chloride, fat, protein,lactose and total solid contents, as well as somatic cell counts.Fat, protein, lactose, total solid and somatic cell counts contentswere influenced by the moment of sample collection (before orafter milking), respectively, with the following values: 3.90 and8.9 g/dl; 4.12 and 3.67 g/dl; 5.02 and 4.64 g/dl; 14.18 and18.31 g/dl, and 29,000 and 56,000 cells/ml. Bacterial generamore frequently isolated were Corynebacterium sp (28.5%); Staphylococcussp (24.7%); Streptococcus sp (15.8%); and Arcanobacteriumpyogenes (11.4%), with prevalence equal to 20.1%.The frequency of bacterial isolation increased significantly withlactation. However, the moment of milking did not influence isolation.There was a relationship between the variation in somemilk constituents that present clinical significance for the diagnosisof buffalo mastitis.

Leite de búfalas Murrah, criadas em São Paulo (Brasil): influência da idade, fase de lactação, momento da ordenha e isolamento bacteriano na composição físico-química e celular / Milk of Murrah buffaloes bred in São Paulo (Brazil): influence of age, lactation phase, time of milking and bacterial isolation in the physical-chemical and cell composition

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar valores físico-químicos ecelulares do leite de búfalas criadas em São Paulo, Brasil, assimcomo evidenciar relações entre o isolamento bacteriano e alteraçõesnesses constituintes, contribuindo dessa forma para o diagnósticodas diferentes formas de mastite. Os valores consideradoscomo de referência para o leite de búfalas, segundo as fases delactação (inicial, intermediária e final), foram respectivamente:para o pH 6,89; 6,85 e 6,9; para a eletrocondutividade 3,82;4,02 e 4,49 mS/cm; para os teores de cloreto 18,21; 20,13 e26,49 mg/dl; para os teores de gordura 4,25; 3,70 e 3,56 g/dl;para os teores de proteína 3,97; 4,03 e 4,5 g/dl; para os teoresde lactose 5,11; 5,08 e 4,81 g/dl; para os teores de sólidostotais 14,55; 13,88 e 13,93 g/dl e para o número de célulassomáticas 29.000; 29.000 e 26.000 cel/ml. As bactérias isoladascom maior frequência foram as dos gêneros: Corynebacterium(28,5%); Staphylococcus (24,7%); Streptococcus (15,8%); e Arcanobacteriumpyogenes (11,4%), com uma prevalência igual a20,1%. O número de isolamentos bacterianos aumentou significativamentecom o evoluir da lactação. Em contraste, o momentoda ordenha não influenciou no número de isolamentos.(AU)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate physicalchemicaland cellular contents of the milk of buffaloes bred inthe state of São Paulo, Brazil, and to draw relationships betweenthese values and microbiological results, contributing significantlyfor the diagnosis of different forms of mastitis. Reference valuesfor buffalo milk, according to the phase of lactation (beginning,middle and end of lactation) were, respectively: pH, 6.89; 6.85and 6.9; electro conductivity, 3.82; 4.02 and 4.49 mS/cm; chloridecontent, 18.72; 20.13 and 26.49 mg/dl; fat content 4.25;3.70 and 3.56 g/dl; protein content, 3.97; 4.03 and 4.5 g/dl;lactose content, 5.11; 5.08 and 4.81 g/dl; total solid content,14.55; 13.88 and 13.93 g/dl, and somatic cell counts, 29,000;29,000 and 26,000 cells/ml. Results support that the phase oflactation influence pH, electroconductivity, chloride, fat, protein,lactose and total solid contents, as well as somatic cell counts.Fat, protein, lactose, total solid and somatic cell counts contentswere influenced by the moment of sample collection (before orafter milking), respectively, with the following values: 3.90 and8.9 g/dl; 4.12 and 3.67 g/dl; 5.02 and 4.64 g/dl; 14.18 and18.31 g/dl, and 29,000 and 56,000 cells/ml. Bacterial generamore frequently isolated were Corynebacterium sp (28.5%); Staphylococcussp (24.7%); Streptococcus sp (15.8%); and Arcanobacteriumpyogenes (11.4%), with prevalence equal to 20.1%.The frequency of bacterial isolation increased significantly withlactation. However, the moment of milking did not influence isolation.There was a relationship between the variation in somemilk constituents that present clinical significance for the diagnosisof buffalo mastitis.(AU)