Fatty acid profile and beef quality of Nellore and Angus bulls fed whole shelled corn

This study aimed to evaluate the quality traits and fatty acid profile of beef from Nellore and Angus bulls fed whole shelled corn (WSC) and ground corn plus maize silage (GC) diets. Eighteen Nellore and 18 Angus young bulls [381 ± 12 kg initial body weight (BW) and an average age of 20 ± 1.9 months] were used in a completely randomized design using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and were slaughtered at a final BW of 451.5 kg and 545.5 kg, respectively. Twenty–four hours after slaughter, samples of longissimus thoracis muscle were collected for the analysis of lipid oxidation, color, fatty acid profile, shear force, and cooking loss. There was no effect of diet × breed interaction on meat color, lipid oxidation, shear force, and cooking loss. Angus beef had lower shear force (p < 0.05) than Nellore beef and had a greater concentration of linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p < 0.01). Beef of bulls fed WSC tended to have greater concentration of CLA C18:2c9t11 (p = 0.09), greater concentration of CLA C18:2t10c12 (p = 0.01), and PUFA (p = 0.05), and consequently, higher oxidation levels. Angus bulls produced beef with greater tenderness and PUFA concentration. The results of fatty acid show a possible change in biohydrogenation when animals are fed the WSC diet, reducing lipogenesis, as this diet increases the C18:2t10c12 content.

Fatty acid profile and beef quality of Nellore and Angus bulls fed whole shelled corn

This study aimed to evaluate the quality traits and fatty acid profile of beef from Nellore and Angus bulls fed whole shelled corn (WSC) and ground corn plus maize silage (GC) diets. Eighteen Nellore and 18 Angus young bulls [381 ± 12 kg initial body weight (BW) and an average age of 20 ± 1.9 months] were used in a completely randomized design using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and were slaughtered at a final BW of 451.5 kg and 545.5 kg, respectively. Twenty­four hours after slaughter, samples of longissimus thoracis muscle were collected for the analysis of lipid oxidation, color, fatty acid profile, shear force, and cooking loss. There was no effect of diet × breed interaction on meat color, lipid oxidation, shear force, and cooking loss. Angus beef had lower shear force (p < 0.05) than Nellore beef and had a greater concentration of linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p < 0.01). Beef of bulls fed WSC tended to have greater concentration of CLA C18:2c9t11 (p = 0.09), greater concentration of CLA C18:2t10c12 (p = 0.01), and PUFA (p = 0.05), and consequently, higher oxidation levels. Angus bulls produced beef with greater tenderness and PUFA concentration. The results of fatty acid show a possible change in biohydrogenation when animals are fed the WSC diet, reducing lipogenesis, as this diet increases the C18:2t10c12 content.

Fatty acid profile and beef quality of Nellore and Angus bulls fed whole shelled corn

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the quality traits and fatty acid profile of beef from Nellore and Angus bulls fed whole shelled corn (WSC) and ground corn plus maize silage (GC) diets. Eighteen Nellore and 18 Angus young bulls [381 ± 12 kg initial body weight (BW) and an average age of 20 ± 1.9 months] were used in a completely randomized design using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and were slaughtered at a final BW of 451.5 kg and 545.5 kg, respectively. Twentyfour hours after slaughter, samples of longissimus thoracis muscle were collected for the analysis of lipid oxidation, color, fatty acid profile, shear force, and cooking loss. There was no effect of diet × breed interaction on meat color, lipid oxidation, shear force, and cooking loss. Angus beef had lower shear force (p 0.05) than Nellore beef and had a greater concentration of linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p 0.01). Beef of bulls fed WSC tended to have greater concentration of CLA C18:2c9t11 (p = 0.09), greater concentration of CLA C18:2t10c12 (p = 0.01), and PUFA (p = 0.05), and consequently, higher oxidation levels. Angus bulls produced beef with greater tenderness and PUFA concentration. The results of fatty acid show a possible change in biohydrogenation when animals are fed the WSC diet, reducing lipogenesis, as this diet increases the C18:2t10c12 content.

Infrared thermography and feeding behavior of lambs fed increasing levels of safflower grains / Termografia infravermelha e comportamento alimentar de ovinos alimentados com níveis crescentes de grãos de cártamo

The objective was to evaluate the feeding behavior, physiological responses, and rumen heat emission of lambs fed with safflower grains. Eighteen lambs were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design. Safflower grain was added to the diets in the proportions of 0.0; 7.5 and 15%. The safflower grain did not change the patterns of eating, leisure, or rumination; however, it improved the efficiency of NDF ingestion, by 26%. The head temperature decreased by 1.5 ° C to include 7.5% safflower; and the rectal temperature decreased quadratically with the addition of safflower (39.5 and. 39.08 ° C). There was a linear trend of decreasing head temperature as the inclusion of safflower increased. The temperature of the eyeball decreased by 1.1 ° C when 7.5% of safflower DM was added to the diet and increased by 0.6 ° C when a 15% safflower was added. The ruminal temperature increased linearly for the addition of safflower (1.8 ° C). Safflower improves the efficiency of the use of NDF and the inclusion of 15% safflower can be used without effects on ingestive behavior. The head, eye, and left flank areas can be used; however, the left flank appears to be the best region for this type of study. Infrared thermography can be useful as a non-invasive assessment of lambs' diets.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento alimentar, respostas fisiológicas e emissão de calor ruminal, de cordeiros alimentados com grãos de cártamo. Dezoito cordeiros foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em delineamento inteiramente casualisado. O grão de cártamo foi adicionado as dietas nas proporções de 0,0; 7,5 e 15%. O grão de cártamo não alterou os padrões de alimentação, ócio ou ruminação; porém melhorou a eficiência de ingestão da FDN, em 26%. A temperatura da cabeça reduziu 1,5°C para a inclusão de 7,5% de cártamo; e a temperatura retal diminuiu quadraticamente com a adição de cártamo (39,5 vs. 39,08°C). Houve uma tendência linear de diminuição da temperatura da cabeça à medida que a inclusão de cártamo aumentou. A temperatura do globo ocular diminuiu 1,1°C quando 7,5% de MS de cártamo foi adicionado na dieta e voltou a aumentar 0,6°C quando 15% de cártamo foi adicionado. A temperatura ruminal aumentou linearmente para a adição de cártamo (1,8°C). O cártamo melhora a eficiência de utilização da FDN e a inclusão de 15% de cártamo pode ser utilizado sem efeitos sobre o comportamento ingestivo. As áreas da cabeça, do olho e flanco esquerdo podem ser usadas, no entanto, o flanco esquerdo parece ser a melhor região para esse tipo de estudo. A termografia infravermelha pode ser útil como avaliação não invasiva de dietas em cordeiros.(AU)

Infrared thermography and feeding behavior of lambs fed increasing levels of safflower grains / Termografia infravermelha e comportamento alimentar de ovinos alimentados com níveis crescentes de grãos de cártamo

The objective was to evaluate the feeding behavior, physiological responses, and rumen heat emission of lambs fed with safflower grains. Eighteen lambs were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design. Safflower grain was added to the diets in the proportions of 0.0; 7.5 and 15%. The safflower grain did not change the patterns of eating, leisure, or rumination; however, it improved the efficiency of NDF ingestion, by 26%. The head temperature decreased by 1.5 ° C to include 7.5% safflower; and the rectal temperature decreased quadratically with the addition of safflower (39.5 and. 39.08 ° C). There was a linear trend of decreasing head temperature as the inclusion of safflower increased. The temperature of the eyeball decreased by 1.1 ° C when 7.5% of safflower DM was added to the diet and increased by 0.6 ° C when a 15% safflower was added. The ruminal temperature increased linearly for the addition of safflower (1.8 ° C). Safflower improves the efficiency of the use of NDF and the inclusion of 15% safflower can be used without effects on ingestive behavior. The head, eye, and left flank areas can be used; however, the left flank appears to be the best region for this type of study. Infrared thermography can be useful as a non-invasive assessment of lambs' diets.

Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento alimentar, respostas fisiológicas e emissão de calor ruminal, de cordeiros alimentados com grãos de cártamo. Dezoito cordeiros foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em delineamento inteiramente casualisado. O grão de cártamo foi adicionado as dietas nas proporções de 0,0; 7,5 e 15%. O grão de cártamo não alterou os padrões de alimentação, ócio ou ruminação; porém melhorou a eficiência de ingestão da FDN, em 26%. A temperatura da cabeça reduziu 1,5°C para a inclusão de 7,5% de cártamo; e a temperatura retal diminuiu quadraticamente com a adição de cártamo (39,5 vs. 39,08°C). Houve uma tendência linear de diminuição da temperatura da cabeça à medida que a inclusão de cártamo aumentou. A temperatura do globo ocular diminuiu 1,1°C quando 7,5% de MS de cártamo foi adicionado na dieta e voltou a aumentar 0,6°C quando 15% de cártamo foi adicionado. A temperatura ruminal aumentou linearmente para a adição de cártamo (1,8°C). O cártamo melhora a eficiência de utilização da FDN e a inclusão de 15% de cártamo pode ser utilizado sem efeitos sobre o comportamento ingestivo. As áreas da cabeça, do olho e flanco esquerdo podem ser usadas, no entanto, o flanco esquerdo parece ser a melhor região para esse tipo de estudo. A termografia infravermelha pode ser útil como avaliação não invasiva de dietas em cordeiros.

Perfil hematológico e bioquímico de roedores de laboratório alimentados com rações contendo diferentes fontes lipídicas e métodos de esterilização / Hematological and biochemical profile of laboratory rodents feeded with rations containing different lipid sources and sterilization methods

Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes métodos de esterilização e fontes de óleo (salmão e linhaça) em formulação de rações sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos de ratos Wistar e camundongos NIH em diferentes idades. Foram avaliados 336 animais, sendo 168 de cada biomodelo. Houve efeito significativo das fontes de óleo sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos plasmáticos em camundongos NIH e ratos Wistar (P 0,05). Conclui-se que o óleo de salmão e linhaça podem ser utilizados nas rações para camundongos NIH e ratos Wistar, independente do método de esterilização adotado.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different methods of sterilization and oil sources (salmon and flaxseed) in the formulation of diets on the biochemical and hematological parameters of Wistar rats and NIH mice at different ages. 336 animals were evaluated, 168 from each biomodel. There was a significant effect of oil sources on plasma biochemical parameters in NIH mice and Wistar rats (P 0.05). It was concluded that salmon and linseed oil can be used in diets for NIH mice and Wistar rats, regardless of the sterilization method adopted.

Perfil hematológico e bioquímico de roedores de laboratório alimentados com rações contendo diferentes fontes lipídicas e métodos de esterilização / Hematological and biochemical profile of laboratory rodents feeded with rations containing different lipid sources and sterilization methods

Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes métodos de esterilização e fontes de óleo (salmão e linhaça) em formulação de rações sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos de ratos Wistar e camundongos NIH em diferentes idades. Foram avaliados 336 animais, sendo 168 de cada biomodelo. Houve efeito significativo das fontes de óleo sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos plasmáticos em camundongos NIH e ratos Wistar (P 0,05). Conclui-se que o óleo de salmão e linhaça podem ser utilizados nas rações para camundongos NIH e ratos Wistar, independente do método de esterilização adotado.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different methods of sterilization and oil sources (salmon and flaxseed) in the formulation of diets on the biochemical and hematological parameters of Wistar rats and NIH mice at different ages. 336 animals were evaluated, 168 from each biomodel. There was a significant effect of oil sources on plasma biochemical parameters in NIH mice and Wistar rats (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects of the sterilization methods on any evaluated parameter (P > 0.05). It was concluded that salmon and linseed oil can be used in diets for NIH mice and Wistar rats, regardless of the sterilization method adopted.(AU)

Grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in high fatty acid diets for Hubbard broilers

The 7-week feeding trial evaluated the effect of 2% grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in the diets for slow-growing Hubbard broiler chicks, aged 14 days. The chicks were weighed individually and assigned to two groups (C and E), with 40 chicks per group, housed under conditions of temperature, humidity and light regimen according to the hybrid management guide. The basal ingredients of the conventional diet were corn, wheat, gluten, soybean meal and 2% flaxseed meal, which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Compared to the control formulation, the experimental formulation included 2% grapeseed meal, both in the growing and finishing stages. The broilers had free access to feed and water. In the end of the feeding trial, blood samples were collected for serum biochemical determinations and six broilers per group were slaughtered and samples of breast and thigh meat were collected. The meat samples were assayed for the basic chemical composition, fatty acids profile and cholesterol content using standardized methods. The content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in breast samples, while cholesterol content was significantly lower (p<0.05) in thigh samples from E group, compared to C. Blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in group E than in group C. The study showed that the grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in broiler diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids given to Hubbard broilers had beneficial effects on broiler meat quality and on the metabolic profile of the blood plasma.(AU)

Grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in high fatty acid diets for Hubbard broilers

The 7-week feeding trial evaluated the effect of 2% grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in the diets for slow-growing Hubbard broiler chicks, aged 14 days. The chicks were weighed individually and assigned to two groups (C and E), with 40 chicks per group, housed under conditions of temperature, humidity and light regimen according to the hybrid management guide. The basal ingredients of the conventional diet were corn, wheat, gluten, soybean meal and 2% flaxseed meal, which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Compared to the control formulation, the experimental formulation included 2% grapeseed meal, both in the growing and finishing stages. The broilers had free access to feed and water. In the end of the feeding trial, blood samples were collected for serum biochemical determinations and six broilers per group were slaughtered and samples of breast and thigh meat were collected. The meat samples were assayed for the basic chemical composition, fatty acids profile and cholesterol content using standardized methods. The content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in breast samples, while cholesterol content was significantly lower (p<0.05) in thigh samples from E group, compared to C. Blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in group E than in group C. The study showed that the grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in broiler diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids given to Hubbard broilers had beneficial effects on broiler meat quality and on the metabolic profile of the blood plasma.

Apparent Faecal Digestibility of Essential Amino Acids from 3 Pufa Diets for Laying Hens

The apparent faecal digestibility of the essential amino acids from 3 PUFA layer diets and feeding solutions to avoid possible adverse effects of such diets were investigated in two experiments conducted on Lohmann Brown laying hens. Experiment 1 used 72 layers assigned to three groups (C1, E1-1, E2), while experiment 2 used 96 layers assigned to four groups (C2, E1-2, E3, E4). All experimental diets have been enriched in 3 PUFA by supplementing a conventional diet (C1, C2) with 5% flaxseed meal and 2% camelina meal. Diets E2 and E4 had an increased level of Cu (150 mg/kg), diets E3 and E4 were supplemented with 0.0125% enzyme mix, while diets E1-1 and E1-2 were only supplemented with 5% flaxseed meal and 2% camelina meal. The digestibility coefficients of the studied essential amino acids (threonine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, cystine, methionine) were lower (p0.05) in groups E1-1 and E2 from experiment 1, than in the control group (C1). In experiment 2, the supplemental enzyme mix (E3) increased (p0.05) the digestibility coefficients of phenylalanine, lysine, cystine and methionine, compared to the diet with camelina and flaxseed meals (E1-2). The simultaneous inclusion of copper and enzyme mix in the E4 diet increased (p0.05) lysine digestibility compared to group E1-2 and sulphur amino acids digestibility, compared to the other groups (C2, E1-2 and E3). In both experiments, only the feed conversion ratio was different (p0.05) in favour of the control groups (C1 and C2), compared to the other groups.(AU)

Apparent Faecal Digestibility of Essential Amino Acids from 3 Pufa Diets for Laying Hens

The apparent faecal digestibility of the essential amino acids from 3 PUFA layer diets and feeding solutions to avoid possible adverse effects of such diets were investigated in two experiments conducted on Lohmann Brown laying hens. Experiment 1 used 72 layers assigned to three groups (C1, E1-1, E2), while experiment 2 used 96 layers assigned to four groups (C2, E1-2, E3, E4). All experimental diets have been enriched in 3 PUFA by supplementing a conventional diet (C1, C2) with 5% flaxseed meal and 2% camelina meal. Diets E2 and E4 had an increased level of Cu (150 mg/kg), diets E3 and E4 were supplemented with 0.0125% enzyme mix, while diets E1-1 and E1-2 were only supplemented with 5% flaxseed meal and 2% camelina meal. The digestibility coefficients of the studied essential amino acids (threonine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, cystine, methionine) were lower (p0.05) in groups E1-1 and E2 from experiment 1, than in the control group (C1). In experiment 2, the supplemental enzyme mix (E3) increased (p0.05) the digestibility coefficients of phenylalanine, lysine, cystine and methionine, compared to the diet with camelina and flaxseed meals (E1-2). The simultaneous inclusion of copper and enzyme mix in the E4 diet increased (p0.05) lysine digestibility compared to group E1-2 and sulphur amino acids digestibility, compared to the other groups (C2, E1-2 and E3). In both experiments, only the feed conversion ratio was different (p0.05) in favour of the control groups (C1 and C2), compared to the other groups.

Supplementation of broiler breeders with fat sources and vitamin e: carry over effect on performance, carcass yield, and meat quality offspring / Suplementação de matrizes de frangos de corte com fontes de gordura e vitamina E: transferência dos efeitos sobre a performance, o rendimento da carcaça e a qualidade da carne da progênie

The aim of this study was to evaluate two sources of oil (soybean and fish) and four additional levels of vitamin E (0, 150, 250 and 350mg/kg diet) in breeder diets between the 42nd and 56th week of age and its effect on performance and meat quality of offspring. The supplementation of fish oil in the maternal diet increased the deposition of DHA and CLA in egg yolk. From 1 to 35 days of age, intermediate levels of vitamin E resulted in lower weight gain and feed intake. To feed conversion, the best result was obtained supplementing the maternal diet with soybean oil, regardless of vitamin inclusion. In addition, the evaluation of meat quality, the fish oil-supplemented-diet resulted in lower moisture loss of the breast fillets. For maternal diet supplemented with fish oil, the inclusion of vitamin E resulted in a linear increase of the pH value of the meat. Greater levels of vitamin E in the maternal diet influenced the functional properties of meat according to the type of oil that was added to the diet. The deposition of different fatty acids in the embryonic egg yolk can directly influence the meat quality of offspring.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar duas fontes de óleo (soja e peixe) e quatro níveis adicionais de vitamina E (0, 150, 250 e 350mg/kg dieta), em dietas de matrizes entre a 42º e a 56º semana de idade, sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de carne da progênie. A suplementação de óleo de peixe na dieta das matrizes aumentou a deposição de DHA e CLA na gema dos ovos. Entre um e 35 dias de idade, níveis intermediários de vitamina E resultaram em menor ganho de peso e consumo de ração. Para a conversão alimentar, o melhor resultado foi obtido suplementando a dieta materna com óleo de soja, independentemente da inclusão vitamínica. Dietas suplementadas com óleo de peixe resultaram em menor perda de umidade nos filés de peito. Para a dieta materna suplementada com óleo de peixe, a inclusão de vitamina E resultou em um aumento linear do valor de pH da carne. Níveis mais altos de vitamina E na dieta materna influenciaram as propriedades funcionais da carne de acordo com o tipo de óleo adicionado à dieta. A deposição de diferentes ácidos graxos na gema de ovos embrionados pode influenciar diretamente a qualidade da carne da progênie.(AU)

Supplementation of broiler breeders with fat sources and vitamin e: carry over effect on performance, carcass yield, and meat quality offspring / Suplementação de matrizes de frangos de corte com fontes de gordura e vitamina E: transferência dos efeitos sobre a performance, o rendimento da carcaça e a qualidade da carne da progênie

The aim of this study was to evaluate two sources of oil (soybean and fish) and four additional levels of vitamin E (0, 150, 250 and 350mg/kg diet) in breeder diets between the 42nd and 56th week of age and its effect on performance and meat quality of offspring. The supplementation of fish oil in the maternal diet increased the deposition of DHA and CLA in egg yolk. From 1 to 35 days of age, intermediate levels of vitamin E resulted in lower weight gain and feed intake. To feed conversion, the best result was obtained supplementing the maternal diet with soybean oil, regardless of vitamin inclusion. In addition, the evaluation of meat quality, the fish oil-supplemented-diet resulted in lower moisture loss of the breast fillets. For maternal diet supplemented with fish oil, the inclusion of vitamin E resulted in a linear increase of the pH value of the meat. Greater levels of vitamin E in the maternal diet influenced the functional properties of meat according to the type of oil that was added to the diet. The deposition of different fatty acids in the embryonic egg yolk can directly influence the meat quality of offspring.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar duas fontes de óleo (soja e peixe) e quatro níveis adicionais de vitamina E (0, 150, 250 e 350mg/kg dieta), em dietas de matrizes entre a 42º e a 56º semana de idade, sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de carne da progênie. A suplementação de óleo de peixe na dieta das matrizes aumentou a deposição de DHA e CLA na gema dos ovos. Entre um e 35 dias de idade, níveis intermediários de vitamina E resultaram em menor ganho de peso e consumo de ração. Para a conversão alimentar, o melhor resultado foi obtido suplementando a dieta materna com óleo de soja, independentemente da inclusão vitamínica. Dietas suplementadas com óleo de peixe resultaram em menor perda de umidade nos filés de peito. Para a dieta materna suplementada com óleo de peixe, a inclusão de vitamina E resultou em um aumento linear do valor de pH da carne. Níveis mais altos de vitamina E na dieta materna influenciaram as propriedades funcionais da carne de acordo com o tipo de óleo adicionado à dieta. A deposição de diferentes ácidos graxos na gema de ovos embrionados pode influenciar diretamente a qualidade da carne da progênie.(AU)

Chemical composition and fatty acid profile in meat from grazing lamb diets supplemented with ryegrass hay, fishmeal and soya bean meal as PUFA sources

ABSTRACT: This study examined the characteristics of the fatty acids profile in the meat of lambs fed grazing and supplemented with different PUFA sources. Thirty Suffolk lambs were used (37.2±5.4kg BW), grazing on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (12h d-1) and supplemented (30g kg-1 BW0.75) with ryegrass hay (RGH), or supplements formulated with fishmeal (FHM) or soybean meal (SBM). Lambs were used in a completely randomized design. Results showed an effect on total SFA, with SBM higher than RGH (P=0.033), and SBM and FHM showing higher MUFA content compared with RGH (P=0.001). Total PUFA content was higher for RGH, followed by FHM and with the lowest content for SBM (P=0.001). Concluding that there is a variation in fatty acid content depending on the lipid-protein source used in supplementation in grazing sheep, the content of PUFA was higher for grazing lambs supplemented with RGH compared with those supplemented with FHM or SBM.

RESUMO: Este estudo analisou as características dos ácidos graxos na carne de cordeiros alimentados com pastagem e suplementados com diferentes fontes de proteína. Trinta cordeiros Suffolk foram utilizados (37,2±5,4kg BW) que pastavam em azevém perene (Lolium perenne) (12h d-1) e suplementados com (30g kg-1 PV0,75) com azevém feno (RGH), ou concentrados formulado com farinha de peixe (FSM) ou farelo de soja (SBM). Os resultados mostram um efeito sobre o total SFA, sendo mais elevada do que SBM RGH (P=0,033). SBM e FSM mostrando o maior teor total de MUFA vs. RGH (P=0,001). O teor total de AGPI foi maior para RGH>EFM>SBM (P=0,001). Concluindo que há uma variação no teor de ácidos graxos dependendo da fonte de proteína utilizada na suplementação emanimais pastoreados, o teor de PUFA foi maior para ovinos mantidos em comparação com os suplementado com EFM ou SBM.

Chemical composition and fatty acid profile in meat from grazing lamb diets supplemented with ryegrass hay, fishmeal and soya bean meal as PUFA sources / Perfil de ácidos graxos na carne ovina suplementado com farinha de peixe ou farinha de soja

This study examined the characteristics of the fatty acids profile in the meat of lambs fed grazing and supplemented with different PUFA sources. Thirty Suffolk lambs were used (37.2±5.4kg BW), grazing on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (12h d-1) and supplemented (30g kg-1 BW0.75) with ryegrass hay (RGH), or supplements formulated with fishmeal (FHM) or soybean meal (SBM). Lambs were used in a completely randomized design. Results showed an effect on total SFA, with SBM higher than RGH (P=0.033), and SBM and FHM showing higher MUFA content compared with RGH (P=0.001). Total PUFA content was higher for RGH, followed by FHM and with the lowest content for SBM (P=0.001). Concluding that there is a variation in fatty acid content depending on the lipid-protein source used in supplementation in grazing sheep, the content of PUFA was higher for grazing lambs supplemented with RGH compared with those supplemented with FHM or SBM.

Este estudo analisou as características dos ácidos graxos na carne de cordeiros alimentados com pastagem e suplementados com diferentes fontes de proteína. Trinta cordeiros Suffolk foram utilizados (37,2±5,4kg BW) que pastavam em azevém perene (Lolium perenne) (12h d-1) e suplementados com (30g kg-1 PV0,75) com azevém feno (RGH), ou concentrados formulado com farinha de peixe (FSM) ou farelo de soja (SBM). Os resultados mostram um efeito sobre o total SFA, sendo mais elevada do que SBM RGH (P=0,033). SBM e FSM mostrando o maior teor total de MUFA vs. RGH (P=0,001). O teor total de AGPI foi maior para RGH>EFM>SBM (P=0,001). Concluindo que há uma variação no teor de ácidos graxos dependendo da fonte de proteína utilizada na suplementação emanimais pastoreados, o teor de PUFA foi maior para ovinos mantidos em comparação com os suplementado com EFM ou SBM.

Chemical composition and fatty acid profile in meat from grazing lamb diets supplemented with ryegrass hay, fishmeal and soya bean meal as PUFA sources / Perfil de ácidos graxos na carne ovina suplementado com farinha de peixe ou farinha de soja

This study examined the characteristics of the fatty acids profile in the meat of lambs fed grazing and supplemented with different PUFA sources. Thirty Suffolk lambs were used (37.2±5.4kg BW), grazing on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (12h d-1) and supplemented (30g kg-1 BW0.75) with ryegrass hay (RGH), or supplements formulated with fishmeal (FHM) or soybean meal (SBM). Lambs were used in a completely randomized design. Results showed an effect on total SFA, with SBM higher than RGH (P=0.033), and SBM and FHM showing higher MUFA content compared with RGH (P=0.001). Total PUFA content was higher for RGH, followed by FHM and with the lowest content for SBM (P=0.001). Concluding that there is a variation in fatty acid content depending on the lipid-protein source used in supplementation in grazing sheep, the content of PUFA was higher for grazing lambs supplemented with RGH compared with those supplemented with FHM or SBM.(AU)

Este estudo analisou as características dos ácidos graxos na carne de cordeiros alimentados com pastagem e suplementados com diferentes fontes de proteína. Trinta cordeiros Suffolk foram utilizados (37,2±5,4kg BW) que pastavam em azevém perene (Lolium perenne) (12h d-1) e suplementados com (30g kg-1 PV0,75) com azevém feno (RGH), ou concentrados formulado com farinha de peixe (FSM) ou farelo de soja (SBM). Os resultados mostram um efeito sobre o total SFA, sendo mais elevada do que SBM RGH (P=0,033). SBM e FSM mostrando o maior teor total de MUFA vs. RGH (P=0,001). O teor total de AGPI foi maior para RGH>EFM>SBM (P=0,001). Concluindo que há uma variação no teor de ácidos graxos dependendo da fonte de proteína utilizada na suplementação emanimais pastoreados, o teor de PUFA foi maior para ovinos mantidos em comparação com os suplementado com EFM ou SBM.(AU)

Effect of feeding whole linseed as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids on performance and egg characteristics of laying hens kept at high ambient temperature

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding whole linseed on the laying performance and egg characteristics in laying hens kept at high ambient environmental temperatures (average 34 ºC; the diurnal temperature range 26 ºC to 41 ºC). Two hundred and forty 38-wk-old white Leghorn laying hens were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 or 15% whole linseed (as a source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) for a period of 12 weeks. Egg production was recorded daily, while feed intake and egg characteristics were monitored on weekly basis. The results of the study demonstrated that egg production and feed intake decreased, while feed conversion ratio (FCR) per dozen of eggs increased (p 0.05) with increasing dietary linseed levels. Egg weight, yolk weight, albumen height, eggshell weight, and eggshell thickness were not influenced (p > 0.05) by linseed levels in the diets offered to the laying hens. The results of the present trial suggest that feeding linseed to the laying hens in hot climates has no detrimental effects on egg characteristics, but has suppressive effects on egg production, feed intake and feed efficiency of laying hens.

Effect of feeding whole linseed as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids on performance and egg characteristics of laying hens kept at high ambient temperature

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding whole linseed on the laying performance and egg characteristics in laying hens kept at high ambient environmental temperatures (average 34 ºC; the diurnal temperature range 26 ºC to 41 ºC). Two hundred and forty 38-wk-old white Leghorn laying hens were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 or 15% whole linseed (as a source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) for a period of 12 weeks. Egg production was recorded daily, while feed intake and egg characteristics were monitored on weekly basis. The results of the study demonstrated that egg production and feed intake decreased, while feed conversion ratio (FCR) per dozen of eggs increased (p 0.05) with increasing dietary linseed levels. Egg weight, yolk weight, albumen height, eggshell weight, and eggshell thickness were not influenced (p > 0.05) by linseed levels in the diets offered to the laying hens. The results of the present trial suggest that feeding linseed to the laying hens in hot climates has no detrimental effects on egg characteristics, but has suppressive effects on egg production, feed intake and feed efficiency of laying hens.(AU)

Effect of feeding whole linseed as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids on performance and egg characteristics of laying hens kept at high ambient temperature

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding whole linseed on the laying performance and egg characteristics in laying hens kept at high ambient environmental temperatures (average 34 ºC; the diurnal temperature range 26 ºC to 41 ºC). Two hundred and forty 38-wk-old white Leghorn laying hens were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 or 15% whole linseed (as a source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) for a period of 12 weeks. Egg production was recorded daily, while feed intake and egg characteristics were monitored on weekly basis. The results of the study demonstrated that egg production and feed intake decreased, while feed conversion ratio (FCR) per dozen of eggs increased (p 0.05) with increasing dietary linseed levels. Egg weight, yolk weight, albumen height, eggshell weight, and eggshell thickness were not influenced (p > 0.05) by linseed levels in the diets offered to the laying hens. The results of the present trial suggest that feeding linseed to the laying hens in hot climates has no detrimental effects on egg characteristics, but has suppressive effects on egg production, feed intake and feed efficiency of laying hens.

INFLUÊNCIA DA CATALASE NO MEIO DE CONGELAÇÃO NAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DO SÊMEN CRIOPRESERVADO DE TOUROS DA RAÇA NELORE SUPLEMENTADOS OU NÃO COM GORDURA PROTEGIDA

Os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPs) são integrantes da membrana celular espermática, e embora favoreçam sua fluidez, são extremamente susceptíveis ao estresse oxidativo. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a influência da catalase no meio de congelação para criopreservação do sêmen de machos da raça Nelore suplementados com gordura protegida, a fim de evitar a produção das espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs). Foram utilizados 12 machos da raça Nelore mantidos em pastagem de capim-marandu em lotação contínua e taxa de lotação fixa. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: suplementados dos 14 aos 24 meses de idade (S+), ou não suplementados (S-). A colheita de sêmen foi realizada aos 24 meses, e as amostras de sêmen a fresco foram submetidas a analise computadorizada de cinética espermática (CASA). Posteriormente, as amostras foram divididas em duas frações e foram criopreservadas após a adição de meio de congelação, de igual composição, contendo catalase (C+) ou não (C-). Após o descongelamento do sêmen foram realizadas: avaliações de CASA; teste de termorresistência rápido (TTR); integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal; potencial mitocondrial, desestabilização da membrana e produção da ERO ânion superóxido (O2 -); produção da EROs; produção in vitro de embriões (PIVE) e quantificação intracitoplasmática de lipídio dos embriões. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi um esquema fatorial 2X2 (suplementação x catalase), totalizando 4 tratamentos (S+, S-, C+ e C-). A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando o procedimento PROC MIXED do SAS. Os parâmetros de cinética espermática do sêmen a fresco foram maiores para o grupo S- (motilidade total e porcentagem de células rápidas) quando comparados com o grupo S+ (MT: 91,33 x 85,83%; RAP: 89,00 x 84,33% respectivamente) (P<0,05). Houve interação entre SUP*CAT para a frequência de batimento de cabeça (BCF) (P<0,05). O grupo S+, apresentou valores maiores, quando comparado com o grupo S- para: membrana plasmática e acrossomal lesadas (MPAL) (11,29 X 2,89% respectivamente); mediana da população total de células totais (5,66 x 4,41) (P<0,05); células lesadas (6,54 X 5,39 respectivamente) (P<0,05) e produção de O2- depois do TTR; (6,47 X 5,36 respectivamente) (P<0,05); quantificação lipídica intracitoplasmática, quando avaliado média/área de blastocistos (0,323 X 0,300 respectivamente) (P<0,05).O grupo S+ com catalase apresentou menores valores de MPAL após o TTR (10,11 X 17,69) (P<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos para os valores de TTR na cinética espermática; produção de EROs e no desenvolvimento embrionário na PIVE. Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que a dieta influenciou negativamente na qualidade seminal e possivelmente contribuiu para a peroxidação lipídica causada pelo O2-. Além disso, a dieta influenciou fortemente na quantificação lipídica intracitoplasmática. Por outro lado, a catalase no meio de congelação foi benéfica evidenciando que a suplementação com gordura protegida pode ser vantajosa se utilizada em associação com antioxidantes.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) comprise an important component of a sperm cell membrane. Although improving the membrane fluidity, they are extremely susceptible to oxidative stress. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the catalase influence on extender for semens cryopreservation of Nellore Bulls supplemented with sources of PUFA in order to avoid reactive species of oxygen (ROS) production. Therefore, we have included twelve Nellore bulls kept in Marandu grass pasture in continuous stocking and fixed stocking rate. Bulls were divided in two groups: supplemented at 14 to 24 months old (S+), or non-supplemented (S-). The sperm collections were performed at 24 months old and fresh semen samples were analyzed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Subsequently, we have divided these samples into two equal portions, which were both cryopreserved after same composition extender medium addition, containing catalase (C+) or not (C-). After thawing semen, computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA); rapid test of thermo resistance (TTR); plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal membrane integrity; mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane destabilization; production of ROS superoxide anion (O2 -); ROS ; in vitro embryo production (IVEP) and intracellular lipid content of embryos were performed. The experimental design used was a 2X2 factorial (supplementation x catalase), with 4 treatments (SUPL, CONTR, C+ e C-). Data analysis was performed using SAS PROC MIXED procedure. Sperm kinetic parameters of fresh semen were higher for S- (total motility and percentage of rapid sperm) than S+ (MT: 91.33 x 85.83%; RAP: 89.00 x 84.33% respectively) (P<0.05). We have also observed an interaction between SUP*CAT for beat cross frequency (BCF) (P<0.05). The S+ group has presented higher values compared to S- for damage percentage of plasma and acrosomal membranes (DPAM) (11.29 X 2.89%, respectively); median for total population of total cells (5.66 x 4.41, respectively) (P<0.05); damaged cells (6.54 x 5.39, respectively) (P<0.05) and O2- production after TTR 96.47 x 5.36, respectively) (P<0.05); intracellular lipid content, when evaluated the mean/area of blastocysts (0.323 X 0.300 respectively) (P<0.05). The S+ group with catalase presented lower DPAM values after TTR (10.11 X 17.69 respectively) (P <0.05). No differences were observed between the groups for TTR values on spermatic kinetics, ROS production and on embryonic development in IVEP. Our results suggest that diet has negatively influenced seminal quality and possibly contributed to lipid peroxidation caused by O2-. In addition, diet strongly influenced intracytoplasmic lipid quantification. On the other hand, catalase in the extent was beneficial in showing that supplementation with protected fat may be advantageous if used in combination with antioxidants.