Resumo
Background: Chemodectomas, better known as tumors of the base of the heart, arise from aortic bodies, respiratory chemoreceptors located near or inside the aortic arch or originate from receptors located in the carotid arteries. Relatively rare, they affect dogs and, to a lesser extent, cats. They gain great importance when they influence the function of the cardiovascular system, with animals showing clinical signs related to congestive heart failure. Clinical diagnosis is based on symptomatology and complementary tests such as radiography, electrocardiography and echocardiography, while the definitive diagnosis is obtained by cytological and histopathological exams. This study aims to reports a case of malignant chemodectoma in a bitch, whose main symptomatology was neurological and not cardiovascular. Case: A 1-year-old Rottweiler bitch was attended with neurological alterations compatible with vestibular syndrome, hyporexia, dysphagia, apathy, melena, emesis, and purulent nasal discharge on the right nostril. On physical examination, the animal showed depressed level of consciousness, poor body condition, bilateral quemosis, paralysis of the right eye, inspiratory dyspnea and muffling of cardiac auscultation, besides a subcutaneous nodule between the scapulae. On neurological evaluation, horizontal nystagmus, head tilt to the right side, ventromedial strabismus and facial nerve paralysis on the right side were observed so that the localization of the lesion was set in peripheral vestibular system. During anesthesia for esophageal tube placement, a mass from the hard palate to the oropharynx was noted, making endotracheal intubation impossible to perform. Biopsy of this nodule was performed, and tracheostomy was indicated, but the owner opted for euthanasia before the procedure. Necropsy revealed white soft masses in the bilateral retromandibular region, on the subcutaneous tissue near the scapulae, in the right ear and since nasopharynx to the soft palate, in addition to sparse white nodules in the heart, lung, carotid artery, kidneys, right ovary, mesentery near to the spleen, and axillary lymph node. Histologically, the nodules were characterized by neoplastic cells population organized in short bundles or cords, arranged around small blood vessels surrounded by delicate connective tissue. Neoplastic cells infiltrated muscles and blood and lymphatic vessels were filled by multiple neoplastic emboli. The histological pattern of the cells allowed the diagnosis of chemodectoma. Discussion: The bitch from this case had 1-year-old when diagnosed with chemodectoma, differently from most cases from literature, that are between 7 to 15 years old. Furthermore, primarily cardiac tumors are considered rare, being chemodectoma the most common, often reported in Boxer and Boston Terrier dogs, but unusual in Rottweilers. Despites some articles mentioning seizure and Horner's Syndrome secondary to a carotid body chemodectoma, neurological signs are not commonly observed in these cases. The presence of the tumor in the middle ear region of the right side supports the occurrence of peripheral vestibular syndrome and facial nerve paralysis on the same side. Because it is a neoplasm that is usually detected late during the course of the disorder, most patients either cannot obtain diagnosis in vivo, as in this reported animal, which was in such a critical condition that underwent euthanasia, or there are no more possible therapeutic choices. In the patient described, there were numerous metastatic masses and nodules spread throughout the body. Although the typical clinical signs in animals with chemodectomas are often related to heart disease, neurological signs may also be present. This report emphasizes the importance of chemodectoma being included as a differential diagnosis in young dogs and even in breeds such as Rottweiler.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Síndromes do Arco Aórtico/veterinária , Doenças Vestibulares/veterinária , Paraganglioma Extrassuprarrenal/veterinária , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/veterináriaResumo
Background: The chemodectoma is a rare neoplasm that originates from chemoreceptors located mainly in the aortic body,and carotid body and sinus, and responsible for detecting variations in blood pH, oxygen pressure and carbon dioxide. Dogsof brachiocephalic breeds and aged between 7 and 15 years have greater propensity. A neoplasm involves infiltrative growthin the vessels at the heart base, which leads to Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The definitive diagnosis is performed byhistopathological and/or immunohistochemical examination. The aim was to report a case of chemiodectoma in a dog,showing the diseases clinical characteristics.Case: A 13-year-old male undefined breed dog was examinated in the medical clinic of small animal of Veterinary Hospital,Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) with respiratory effort, hyporexia, and edema in face, cervical, ventralthorax and thoracic limbs, with thirty days evoluted. About physical examination, we observed cachexia, orthopneic position, cyanosis and edema with a positive Godet sign, as well as 8% dehydration degree. Thoracic auscultation presentedmixed dyspnea and muffled heart sounds. Chest radiography detected an radiopacity increase in pulmonary section andmetastatic neoplastic process associated with pleural and pericardial effusion. Fluid therapy with lactated ringer and posteriorthoracentesis in the right hemithorax region was performed for greater respiratory comfort for the patient. Hematologicalcount and biochemical profiles stated normochromic normocytic anemia, relative and absolute lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, as well as increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The patient diedafter 12 hours when was submitted to necroscopic examination and histopathological evaluation. An infiltrative tumor ofcardiac base was observed invading the light of the right atrium, obstructing the venous return, as well as a large thrombus...
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Cães , Neoplasias Cardíacas/veterinária , Paraganglioma Extrassuprarrenal/veterinária , Anemia/veterinária , Caquexia/veterinária , Desidratação/veterinária , Dispneia/veterinária , Edema/veterinária , Linfopenia/veterinária , Metástase NeoplásicaResumo
Background: The chemodectoma is a rare neoplasm that originates from chemoreceptors located mainly in the aortic body,and carotid body and sinus, and responsible for detecting variations in blood pH, oxygen pressure and carbon dioxide. Dogsof brachiocephalic breeds and aged between 7 and 15 years have greater propensity. A neoplasm involves infiltrative growthin the vessels at the heart base, which leads to Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The definitive diagnosis is performed byhistopathological and/or immunohistochemical examination. The aim was to report a case of chemiodectoma in a dog,showing the diseases clinical characteristics.Case: A 13-year-old male undefined breed dog was examinated in the medical clinic of small animal of Veterinary Hospital,Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) with respiratory effort, hyporexia, and edema in face, cervical, ventralthorax and thoracic limbs, with thirty days evoluted. About physical examination, we observed cachexia, orthopneic position, cyanosis and edema with a positive Godet sign, as well as 8% dehydration degree. Thoracic auscultation presentedmixed dyspnea and muffled heart sounds. Chest radiography detected an radiopacity increase in pulmonary section andmetastatic neoplastic process associated with pleural and pericardial effusion. Fluid therapy with lactated ringer and posteriorthoracentesis in the right hemithorax region was performed for greater respiratory comfort for the patient. Hematologicalcount and biochemical profiles stated normochromic normocytic anemia, relative and absolute lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, as well as increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The patient diedafter 12 hours when was submitted to necroscopic examination and histopathological evaluation. An infiltrative tumor ofcardiac base was observed invading the light of the right atrium, obstructing the venous return, as well as a large thrombus...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Paraganglioma Extrassuprarrenal/veterinária , Neoplasias Cardíacas/veterinária , Caquexia/veterinária , Edema/veterinária , Desidratação/veterinária , Dispneia/veterinária , Anemia/veterinária , Linfopenia/veterinária , Metástase NeoplásicaResumo
Paragangliomas are tumors originating from paraganglia cells which represent a considerable constituent of the dispersed neuroendocrine system. Rarely these tumors are found within the orbital region. This report documents a case of primary extra-adrenal paraganglioma in a 15-year-old female quarter horse, diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, gross anatomopathological, histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations. Clinical diagnostics led to full appreciation of the severe tumor invasiveness and to an informed decision by the owner for euthanasia. Gross inspection confirmed the previous clinical assessments of exophthalmos consequential to pressure from the orbital neoplasia, revealing a mass infiltrating into surrounding tissues. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry allowed for the final diagnosis of paraganglioma. Histology sections showed a partially encapsulated infiltrative mass with multifocal angiotropic growth, and composed of polygonal cells organized in nests, packets, and bundles supported by a fibrovascular stroma. The lobules were lined peripherally by spindle cells. The tumor was highly vascular with blood-filled lacunae and multifocal to coalescing areas of liquefactive necrosis. The polygonal cells were characterized by indistinct borders, lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm with moderate amount of granules, round or oval central nuclei with stippled chromatin (salt and pepper appearance) and inconspicuous nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry aided in the diagnostic discrimination of paraganglioma from neuroendocrine carcinoma and in the assessment of tumor differentiation. Orbital paraganglioma holds low likelihood for animal survival, but may have good prognosis when timely addressed.
Assuntos
Animais , Exoftalmia/veterinária , Neoplasias Orbitárias/veterinária , Paraganglioma/diagnóstico , Paraganglioma/patologia , Paraganglioma/veterinária , CavalosResumo
Paragangliomas are tumors originating from paraganglia cells which represent a considerable constituent of the dispersed neuroendocrine system. Rarely these tumors are found within the orbital region. This report documents a case of primary extra-adrenal paraganglioma in a 15-year-old female quarter horse, diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, gross anatomopathological, histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations. Clinical diagnostics led to full appreciation of the severe tumor invasiveness and to an informed decision by the owner for euthanasia. Gross inspection confirmed the previous clinical assessments of exophthalmos consequential to pressure from the orbital neoplasia, revealing a mass infiltrating into surrounding tissues. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry allowed for the final diagnosis of paraganglioma. Histology sections showed a partially encapsulated infiltrative mass with multifocal angiotropic growth, and composed of polygonal cells organized in nests, packets, and bundles supported by a fibrovascular stroma. The lobules were lined peripherally by spindle cells. The tumor was highly vascular with blood-filled lacunae and multifocal to coalescing areas of liquefactive necrosis. The polygonal cells were characterized by indistinct borders, lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm with moderate amount of granules, round or oval central nuclei with stippled chromatin (salt and pepper appearance) and inconspicuous nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry aided in the diagnostic discrimination of paraganglioma from neuroendocrine carcinoma and in the assessment of tumor differentiation. Orbital paraganglioma holds low likelihood for animal survival, but may have good prognosis when timely addressed.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Paraganglioma/diagnóstico , Paraganglioma/patologia , Paraganglioma/veterinária , Neoplasias Orbitárias/veterinária , Exoftalmia/veterinária , CavalosResumo
Neoplasmas primarios del corazón son raros en todas las especies domésticas, sin embargo, paragangliomas se producen en los perros. En este informe, un perro de raza Golden Retriever fue enviado al Departamento de Patología del Hospital Veterinario - UNESP, Botucatu con histórico de muerte súbita. En la necropsia, el corazón mostró neoformación adyacente a la vena cava caudal y en la aurícula derecha, otra parte, fueron observados en ambos pulmones varios nodos. El material recogida fue procesado y se tiñó con hematoxilina-eosina. También se realizó inmunohistoquímica para panel de anticuerpos primarios anti-citoqueratina, antivimentina, anti-desmina, músculo liso anti-actina alfa, anti-factor VIII y anti-enolasa neuronal específica (NSE). Con base en los datos clínicos y morfológicos, anatómicos, histológicos, además, inmunorreactividad positiva para NSE, el tumor se caracterizó por ser un paraganglioma grado 2 de malignidad. Este informe tiene como objetivo contribuir agregando datos a la literatura de esta neoplasia(AU)
Primary neoplasms of the heart are rare in all domestic species, however, paragangliomas occur in dogs. In this case report, a Golden Retriever breed was sent to the Pathology Department of Veterinary Veterinary Hospital - UNESP, Botucatu with sudden death. At necropsy, the heart showed neoformation adjacent to the caudal vena cava and in the right atrium and, in both lungs were observed many nodes. The collected material was processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. It was also performed immunohistochemical panel for anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin, anti-desmin, smooth muscle anti-alpha actin, anti-factor VIII and anti-enolase specific neuron (NSE). Based on the clinical and morphological findings, anatomical, histological, additionally, to positive immunoreactivity for NSE, the tumor was characterized as a paraganglioma grade 2 of malignancy. This report aims to contribute by adding data to the literature of this neoplasm(AU)
Neoplasias primárias do coração são raras em todas as espécies domésticas, contudo, os paragangliomas ocorrem em cães. No presente relato, um cão da raça Golden Retriever foi encaminhado para o Serviço de Patologia Veterinária do Hospital Veterinário UNESP, Botucatu com queixa de morte súbita. Ao exame de necropsia, o coração apresentou neoformação adjacente a veia cava caudal e também em aurícula direita. Além disso, em ambos os pulmões, foram observados diversos nódulos. O material coletado foi processado rotineiramente e corado pelo método de hematoxilina-eosina. Também foi realizado painel imuno-histoquímico para os anticorpos primários anti-citoqueratina, anti-vimentina, antidesmina, anti-alfa actina de músculo liso, anti-fator VIII e anti-enolase neurônio específico (NSE). Baseados nos dados clínicos e achados morfológicos, anatômicos, histopatológico, adicionalmente, a imunoreatividade positiva para NSE, o tumor foi caracterizado como um paraganglioma grau 2 de malignidade. O presente relato visa contribuir adicionando dados à literatura desta neoplasia(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Paraganglioma/veterinária , Insuficiência Cardíaca/veterinária , Neoplasias Cardíacas/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Coloração e Rotulagem/veterináriaResumo
Neoplasmas primarios del corazón son raros en todas las especies domésticas, sin embargo, paragangliomas se producen en los perros. En este informe, un perro de raza Golden Retriever fue enviado al Departamento de Patología del Hospital Veterinario - UNESP, Botucatu con histórico de muerte súbita. En la necropsia, el corazón mostró neoformación adyacente a la vena cava caudal y en la aurícula derecha, otra parte, fueron observados en ambos pulmones varios nodos. El material recogida fue procesado y se tiñó con hematoxilina-eosina. También se realizó inmunohistoquímica para panel de anticuerpos primarios anti-citoqueratina, antivimentina, anti-desmina, músculo liso anti-actina alfa, anti-factor VIII y anti-enolasa neuronal específica (NSE). Con base en los datos clínicos y morfológicos, anatómicos, histológicos, además, inmunorreactividad positiva para NSE, el tumor se caracterizó por ser un paraganglioma grado 2 de malignidad. Este informe tiene como objetivo contribuir agregando datos a la literatura de esta neoplasia
Primary neoplasms of the heart are rare in all domestic species, however, paragangliomas occur in dogs. In this case report, a Golden Retriever breed was sent to the Pathology Department of Veterinary Veterinary Hospital - UNESP, Botucatu with sudden death. At necropsy, the heart showed neoformation adjacent to the caudal vena cava and in the right atrium and, in both lungs were observed many nodes. The collected material was processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. It was also performed immunohistochemical panel for anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin, anti-desmin, smooth muscle anti-alpha actin, anti-factor VIII and anti-enolase specific neuron (NSE). Based on the clinical and morphological findings, anatomical, histological, additionally, to positive immunoreactivity for NSE, the tumor was characterized as a paraganglioma grade 2 of malignancy. This report aims to contribute by adding data to the literature of this neoplasm
Neoplasias primárias do coração são raras em todas as espécies domésticas, contudo, os paragangliomas ocorrem em cães. No presente relato, um cão da raça Golden Retriever foi encaminhado para o Serviço de Patologia Veterinária do Hospital Veterinário UNESP, Botucatu com queixa de morte súbita. Ao exame de necropsia, o coração apresentou neoformação adjacente a veia cava caudal e também em aurícula direita. Além disso, em ambos os pulmões, foram observados diversos nódulos. O material coletado foi processado rotineiramente e corado pelo método de hematoxilina-eosina. Também foi realizado painel imuno-histoquímico para os anticorpos primários anti-citoqueratina, anti-vimentina, antidesmina, anti-alfa actina de músculo liso, anti-fator VIII e anti-enolase neurônio específico (NSE). Baseados nos dados clínicos e achados morfológicos, anatômicos, histopatológico, adicionalmente, a imunoreatividade positiva para NSE, o tumor foi caracterizado como um paraganglioma grau 2 de malignidade. O presente relato visa contribuir adicionando dados à literatura desta neoplasia
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Insuficiência Cardíaca/veterinária , Neoplasias Cardíacas/veterinária , Paraganglioma/veterinária , Coloração e Rotulagem/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterináriaResumo
A síndrome de horner (SH) ocorre devido à alteração na inervação simpática do olho, caracterizada principalmente por uma tétrade de sinais: ptose, miose, enoftalmia, protrusão de terceira pálpebra. Vários fatores podem contribuir para o estabelecimento dessa síndrome como secundária a traumas, infarto, neoplasia ou doenças inflamatórias. As neoplasias em regiões cervicais podem comprimir a inervação simpática do olho, causar metástase em determinadas regiões do corpo, e a alta vascularização, localização e íntima relação do tumor com estruturas nobres (vasos da cavidade torácica e pescoço) tornam o prognóstico desfavorável. Dessa forma, objetiva-se relatar a ocorrência de SH por compressão cervical do tronco vago simpático por quemodectoma carotídeo maligno.
Horner's syndrome (HS) occurs due to loss of sympathetic innervation to the eye, mainly characterized by a tetrad of signs: ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos, and protrusion of the third eyelid. Several factors may contribute to the syndrome secondary to trauma, stroke, cancer or inflammatory diseases. Neoplasms in cervical regions may compress the sympathetic innervation of the eye, causing metastasis in certain regions of the body, and high vascularity, location and intimate relationship of the tumor with important structures (vessels of the chest and neck) make an unfavorable prognosis. Thus, the objective is to report the occurrence of HS by cervical compression of the vagus sympathetic trunk by quemodctoma malignant carotid.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Síndrome de Horner/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Horner/veterináriaResumo
A síndrome de horner (SH) ocorre devido à alteração na inervação simpática do olho, caracterizada principalmente por uma tétrade de sinais: ptose, miose, enoftalmia, protrusão de terceira pálpebra. Vários fatores podem contribuir para o estabelecimento dessa síndrome como secundária a traumas, infarto, neoplasia ou doenças inflamatórias. As neoplasias em regiões cervicais podem comprimir a inervação simpática do olho, causar metástase em determinadas regiões do corpo, e a alta vascularização, localização e íntima relação do tumor com estruturas nobres (vasos da cavidade torácica e pescoço) tornam o prognóstico desfavorável. Dessa forma, objetiva-se relatar a ocorrência de SH por compressão cervical do tronco vago simpático por quemodectoma carotídeo maligno.(AU)
Horner's syndrome (HS) occurs due to loss of sympathetic innervation to the eye, mainly characterized by a tetrad of signs: ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos, and protrusion of the third eyelid. Several factors may contribute to the syndrome secondary to trauma, stroke, cancer or inflammatory diseases. Neoplasms in cervical regions may compress the sympathetic innervation of the eye, causing metastasis in certain regions of the body, and high vascularity, location and intimate relationship of the tumor with important structures (vessels of the chest and neck) make an unfavorable prognosis. Thus, the objective is to report the occurrence of HS by cervical compression of the vagus sympathetic trunk by quemodctoma malignant carotid.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Síndrome de Horner/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Horner/veterináriaResumo
Os paragangliomas são neoplasias de células neuroendócrinas (Paraneurônios) do sistema parassimpático (Paraganglia), e ocorrem normalmente no corpo aórtico (base do coração) e carotídeo (pescoço). São tumores raros, frequentemente benignos, que podem raramente metastatizar. Raças braquiocefálicas e animais que vivem em elevadas altitudes são mais predispostos ao desenvolvimento de paragangliomas. Esta revisão bibliográfica objetiva-se descrever as manifestações clínicas, etiopatogenia, formas de diagnóstico e tratamento dos paragangliomas.(AU)
The paraganglioms are neoplasms of neuroendocrine cells (Paraneurons) of the parasympathetic system (Paraganglia). Normally occur on the aortic (base of heart) and carotid (neck) bodies. They are rare tumors, frequently beginners and its rarely able to metastasize. Braquicephalics breeds and animals that live in high altitudes are more predisposed to developing paraganglioms. This bibliographic review describes clinical manifestation, etiopathogeny and types of diagnosis and treatment of the paraganglioms.(AU)
Los paragangliomas son neoplasias de las células neuroendocrinas (Paraneuronas) del sistema parasimpático (Paraganglios) y ocurren normalmente en el cuerpo aórtico (base del corazón) y carótida (cuello). Son tumores raros, frecuentemente benignos, que pueden raramente ocurrir metástasis. Razas braquiocefálicas y animales que viven en altas altitudes son más predispuestos al desenvolvimiento de paragangliomas. Esta revisión bibliográfica describe las manifestaciones clínicas, etiopatogenia, método de diagnóstico y tratamiento de los paragangliomas.(AU)
Assuntos
Paraganglioma/diagnóstico , Paraganglioma/epidemiologia , Paraganglioma/etiologia , Paraganglioma/fisiopatologia , Paraganglioma/cirurgia , Paraganglioma/terapia , Paraganglioma/veterináriaResumo
Chemodectoma is a neoplasm arising from the carotid and aortic bodies, having neuroectodermic origin. It has been related mainly in human beings and dogs. Among the later, the brachiocephalics are the most susceptible, mainly the ones older than six. This case reports a seven year old, male Boxer dog, presenting convulsion and dry cough. The animal died and it was sent to the Pathological Anatomy Section of the Department of Pathology at FMVZ-USP. The post-mort examination revealed the presence of hemopericardium, pulmonar oedema, hepatic and renal congestion and gall bladder oedema, but the most important feature found was the presence of 4 oviform tumoral masses, within the toracic cavity. The histopathology revealed a solid tissue, essentially cellular, with lobules delimitated by delicate septa arising from bands of thick connective tissue. The neoplastic cells presented an homogeneous aspect characterized by a round or polyhedral shape with an excentric and evident nucleoli. There were few mitosis, without atypical signes. The micro and macroscopics aspects are compatible with a chemodectoma diagnosis.
O quemodectoma é uma neoplasia derivada dos corpos aórticos e carotídeos, tendo origem neuroectodérmica. Tem sido relatado com maior freqüência em humanos e cães. Destes, os animais braquicefálicos são os mais susceptíveis, notadamente em faixa etária superior a 6 anos. O presente relato se refere a um animal de espécie canina, de raça Boxer, macho, de 7 anos de idade, apresentando histórico de quadro convulsivo e tosse seca. O animal veio a óbito e foi encaminhado ao setor de Anatomia Patológica do Departamento de Patologia da FMVZ-USP. O exame macroscópico evidenciou a presença de hemopericárdio, congestão e edema pulmonares, congestão hepática, renal e edema de vesícula biliar. Porém, o achado macroscópico mais significativo foi a presença de 4 formações tumorais ovaladas na cavidade torácica. O exame histopatológico das formações evidenciou um tecido sólido, altamente celular, com a delimitação de lóbulos através de trabéculas conjuntivas espessas, que emitiam septos delicados subdividindo-os. As células tumorais apresentaram-se uniformes, tendo um formato poliédrico, com núcleo grande esférico, geralmente excêntrico; nucléolo evidente, e cromatina finamente granular; citoplasma de dimensões variáveis e granulação acidofílica delicada. Foi observado pequeno número de figuras mitóticas sem sinais de atipia. Os quadros macro e microscópicos são compatíveis com o diagnóstico d