Incubação e conservação: efeito sobre a motilidade espermática do sêmen suíno / Incubation and conservation: effect on sperm motility of swine semen

Visando aumentar a resistência espermática ao abaixamento de temperatura, foram utilizados ejaculados de três reprodutores coletados pela técnica da mão enluvada. Após a coleta, uma alíquota de sêmen foi diluída em BTS e distribuída, em partes iguais, em cinco tratamentos que diferiam entre si quanto às temperaturas (37 e 25 °C) e aos tempos de equilíbrio (6 e 24 horas) antes da conservação a 17 °C por sete dias. Os tratamentos foram: T1: sêmen sem nenhum tempo ou temperatura de equilíbrio; T2 e T3: sêmen incubado a 37 °C por 6 e 24 horas., respectivamente; T4 e T5: sêmen incubado a 25 °C por 6 e 24 horas., respectivamente. O sêmen foi avaliado nos dias D1 a D4 e no D7 quanto ao vigor e motilidade espermática aos cinco minutos, e duas horas após reaquecimento a 37 °C. O sêmen incubado a 37 °C/24 horas apresentou valores de vigor e motilidade muito inferiores aos dos demais tratamentos (p<0,05), enquanto o sêmen submetido à temperatura de equilíbrio de 25 °C por 6 horas anteriores à diluição destacou-se ao conservar a motilidade espermática após duas horas de incubação a 37 °C (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que as diferentes temperaturas e tempos de equilíbrio utilizadas, influenciaram na conservação do sêmen. A temperatura de incubação mais elevada (37 °C) na pré-diluição, por período prolongado (24 horas), reduziu a resistência espermática ao abaixamento da temperatura. Já, a combinação temperatura/tempo de 25 °C/6 horas, favoreceu a manutenção da motilidade espermática em teste de termorresistência.

Aiming to increase the spermatic resistance to lowering of temperature, ejaculates from three boars collected through the technique of the glove hand were used. After collection, an aliquot of semen was diluted in the BTS and distributed, in equal parts, in 5 treatments that differed in terms of temperatures (37 and 25 °C) and balance period (6 and 24 hours) before conservation at 17 °C for 7 days. The treatments were: T1: semen not subjected to any time or equilibrium temperature; T2 and T3: semen incubated at 37 °C for 6 and 24 hours, respectively; T4 and T5: to semen incubated at 25 °C for 6 and 24 hours, respectively. The semen was evaluated on days D1 to D4 and on D7 for vigor and sperm motility at five minutes, and two hours after rewarming at 37 °C. The semen incubated at 37 °C/24 hours presented values of vigor and motility much lower than those of the other treatments (p<0.05, while the semen submitted to the equilibrium temperature of 25 °C for 6 hours prior to dilution stood out by conserving sperm motility after 2 hours of incubation at 37 °C (p<0.05). In conclusion, the different temperatures and times of equilibrium used influenced the semen conservation, in which a higher pre-dilution incubation temperature (37 °C) for a prolonged period (24 hours) reduced the sperm resistance to a lowering of temperature, while the combination 25 °C/6 hours favored the maintenance of sperm motility in a thermoresistance test.

Molecular investigations of the effect of thermal manipulation during embryogenesis on muscle heat shock protein 70 and thermotolerance in broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to elucidate the optimum protocol timing of thermal manipulation (TM) during embryogenesis, which underline genetic improvement of muscle thermotolerance acquisition. For the present study, 1,440 fertile eggs were divided randomly and equally into control (37.8 °C with 56% relative humidity) and four thermally manipulated groups (TM1, TM2, TM3, and TM4) subjected to 39 °C for 18 h with 65% relative humidity daily during different embryonic periods. Then, at day 35 post-hatch, all groups were subjected to thermal challenge at 43 °C for 6 h to identify the level of thermotolerance acquisition differences between them. Hsp70 mRNA expression was evaluated by using a relative quantitatively RT-qPCR. Single nucleotide polymorphisms sequence of the Hsp70 gene was evaluated by Sanger's sequencing method. Pectoral and thigh muscles samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry to detect Hsp70. Among TM conditions that were investigated, TM1 (39 °C for 18 h during embryonic days (ED) 7­11) induced a significant improvement in thermotolerance parameters (body temperature and T3 levels) during thermal challenge combined with an increase in the levels of Hsp70 mRNA and its protein with a high stability of nucleotide sequences in both pectoral and thigh muscles. The partial DNA sequence of Hsp70 gene in TM1 was reported, and nucleotide sequences were deposited in NCBI GenBank database with the accession numbers (MK852579) and (MK852580). Thigh muscle thermotolerance acquisition was higher than pectoral muscle during thermal challenge at 43 °C for 6 h. Thus, TM during ED7­11 may improve thermotolerance acquisition without adversely affecting performance.(AU)

Infuence of heat stress on in vitro oocyte and embryo production in high-yielding Holstein cows / Influência do estresse calórico na produção in vitro de oócitos e embriões de vacas Holandesas de alta produtividade

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of thermal shock on oocytes used in the production of in vitro embryos (IVP) of high productivity Holstein cows on the day of follicular aspiration (OPU; 0), 30, 60 and 90 days before the OPU. From the mean temperature on day 0 and on the previous 30, 60 and 90 days, they were classifed into comfort group (TC; up to 15°C) and heat stress (HS; above 15°C) groups.Anegative influence was observed on oocytes and viable embryos (total and grade I). The heat stress in the periods of 30 and 60 days prior to OPU resulted in lower production of viable oocytes (P=0.0028; P=0.0092, respectively). Under stress, on the day of OPU (HS-OPU), cows showed no reduction in the amount of viable oocytes (P=0.5497) and there was no influence of temperature for the group stressed 90 days before OPU (P=0.8287). For total embryos, the difference occurred only in the HS-30 group (P=0.0317), where the groups HS-OPU, HS-60, HS-90 presented, respectively, P=0. 1987, P=0.0596 and P=0.4580. Regarding the production of embryos of grade 1, there was no difference for the groups HS-OPU (P=0.2291) and HS-90 (P=0.2868), but there was a reduction for HS-30 (P=0.0143) and HS-60 (P=0.0253). In summary, heat stress had a negative impact when it occurred 30 or 60 days before follicular aspiration. In addition, 30 days seems to be the period of more susceptibility and that causes the greatest deleterious effects on oocyte viability and IVP.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a infuência do estresse térmico em oócitos utilizados na produção in vitro de embriões (PIV) bovinos da raça Holandesa de alta produtividade no dia da aspiração folicular (OPU; 0), 30, 60 e 90 dias antes da OPU. A partir da temperatura média no dia 0 e aos 30, 60 e 90 dias anteriores, foram classificados nos grupos conforto (CT; até 15°C) e estresse por calor (ET -acima de 15°C). Observou-se infuência negativa em oócitos e embriões viáveis (total e grau I). A submissão ao estresse térmico nos períodos de 30 e 60 dias anteriores à OPU resultou em menor produção de oócitos viáveis (P=0,0028; P=0,0092, respectivamente). Sob estresse, no dia da OPU (ET-OPU), as vacas não apresentaram redução na quantidade de oócitos viáveis (P=0,5497) e não houve infuência da temperatura para o grupo estressado 90 dias antes da OPU (P=0,8287). Para embriões totais, a diferença ocorreu apenas no grupo ET-30 (P=0,0317), onde os grupos ET-OPU, ET-60, ET-90 apresentaram, respectivamente, P=0,1987, P=0,0596 e P=0,4580. Em relação à produção de embriões grau 1, não houve diferença para os grupos ET-OPU (P=0,2291) e ET-90 (P=0,2868), porém houve redução para ET-30 (P=0,0143) e ET- 60 (P=0,0253). Em resumo, o estresse por calor teve impacto negativo quando ocorreu 30 ou 60 dias antes da aspiração folicular. Além disso, 30 dias parece ser o período de maior suscetibilidade e que causa os maiores efeitos deletérios na viabilidade oocitária e na PIV.(AU)

Reduction of seminal plasma concentration can decrease detrimental effects of seminal plasma on chilled ram spermatozoa

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of seminal plasma (SP) and cold-shock on ram spermatozoa during 36 h storage at 5°C. In both ejaculated spermatozoa coated with egg yolk (second ejaculate; coated spermatozoa) and epididymal spermatozoa, samples were treated with 0, 50 and 100% seminal plasma. Different levels of seminal plasma were added on the basis of ram spermatocrit (32%). Then half of aliquots were suddenly put on ice water (cold-shock) and other half were gradually (0.25°C/min) chilled (non- cold shock). Sperm motility, viability and functional membrane integrity were determined in both aliquots at 0, 12, 24 and 36 h storage at 5°C. Under non- cold shock and cold-shock conditions, coated spermatozoa treated with 0% SP showed the highest motility compared to ejaculated spermatozoa (first ejaculate; uncoated spermatozoa) after 12, 24 and 36 h of storage at 5°C (P<0.05). Under non- cold shock and cold-shock conditions, viability and functional membrane integrity was higher in the coated spermatozoa treated with 0% SP than in the uncoated spermatozoa during 36 h storage (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between coated spermatozoa treated with 0 and 50% SP in the percentage of motility and viability after 24 and 36 h of storage (P>0.05). Under non- cold shock and cold-shock conditions, the percentage of motility of epididymal spermatozoa treated with 0% SP was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those treated with 100% SP after 36 h of storage at 5°C. In conclusion, removal of seminal plasma and/or reduction (up to 50%) of its concentration can decrease detrimental effects of seminal plasma on chilled ram spermatozoa.

Reduction of seminal plasma concentration can decrease detrimental effects of seminal plasma on chilled ram spermatozoa

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of seminal plasma (SP) and cold-shock on ram spermatozoa during 36 h storage at 5°C. In both ejaculated spermatozoa coated with egg yolk (second ejaculate; coated spermatozoa) and epididymal spermatozoa, samples were treated with 0, 50 and 100% seminal plasma. Different levels of seminal plasma were added on the basis of ram spermatocrit (32%). Then half of aliquots were suddenly put on ice water (cold-shock) and other half were gradually (0.25°C/min) chilled (non- cold shock). Sperm motility, viability and functional membrane integrity were determined in both aliquots at 0, 12, 24 and 36 h storage at 5°C. Under non- cold shock and cold-shock conditions, coated spermatozoa treated with 0% SP showed the highest motility compared to ejaculated spermatozoa (first ejaculate; uncoated spermatozoa) after 12, 24 and 36 h of storage at 5°C (P<0.05). Under non- cold shock and cold-shock conditions, viability and functional membrane integrity was higher in the coated spermatozoa treated with 0% SP than in the uncoated spermatozoa during 36 h storage (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between coated spermatozoa treated with 0 and 50% SP in the percentage of motility and viability after 24 and 36 h of storage (P>0.05). Under non- cold shock and cold-shock conditions, the percentage of motility of epididymal spermatozoa treated with 0% SP was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those treated with 100% SP after 36 h of storage at 5°C. In conclusion, removal of seminal plasma and/or reduction (up to 50%) of its concentration can decrease detrimental effects of seminal plasma on chilled ram spermatozoa.(AU)

Effects of Heat Stress on Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in the Small Intestine of Wenchang Chicks

In this study, immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescent-based quantitative PCR were used to evaluate the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 60, HSP70, and HSP90 in the small intestine of Wenchang chicks. Compared with the control group (CK), the positive expression of HSP60 and HSP60 mRNA in the heat stress group (HS) were initially higher and subsequently lower in the duodenum (p<0.01). In the HS jejunum, the levels of HSP60 were higher (p<0.01) and the HSP60 mRNA was lower (p<0.05). Whereas the levels of HSP60 in the HS ileum were higher (p<0.05) and then lower (p<0.01), and the HSP60 mRNA was higher (p<0.01). The levels of HSP70 were higher (p<0.01) and the HSP70 mRNA was lower in the duodenum (p<0.05), while the expression of both HSP70 and HSP70 mRNA was higher in the jejunum (p<0.01) and the ileum (p<0.05) of the HS. In the HS duodenum the levels of HSP90 were lower and then higher (p<0.01), and the HSP90 mRNA was higher (p<0.01). The expression of both HSP90 and HSP90 mRNA was higher in the HS jejunum (p<0.05). The levels of HSP90 were lower while the HSP90 mRNA was higher in the HS ileum (p<0.01). These results indicate that heat stress disturbed the expression of HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 in the small intestine of chicks.(AU)

Effects of Heat Stress on Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in the Small Intestine of Wenchang Chicks

In this study, immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescent-based quantitative PCR were used to evaluate the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 60, HSP70, and HSP90 in the small intestine of Wenchang chicks. Compared with the control group (CK), the positive expression of HSP60 and HSP60 mRNA in the heat stress group (HS) were initially higher and subsequently lower in the duodenum (p<0.01). In the HS jejunum, the levels of HSP60 were higher (p<0.01) and the HSP60 mRNA was lower (p<0.05). Whereas the levels of HSP60 in the HS ileum were higher (p<0.05) and then lower (p<0.01), and the HSP60 mRNA was higher (p<0.01). The levels of HSP70 were higher (p<0.01) and the HSP70 mRNA was lower in the duodenum (p<0.05), while the expression of both HSP70 and HSP70 mRNA was higher in the jejunum (p<0.01) and the ileum (p<0.05) of the HS. In the HS duodenum the levels of HSP90 were lower and then higher (p<0.01), and the HSP90 mRNA was higher (p<0.01). The expression of both HSP90 and HSP90 mRNA was higher in the HS jejunum (p<0.05). The levels of HSP90 were lower while the HSP90 mRNA was higher in the HS ileum (p<0.01). These results indicate that heat stress disturbed the expression of HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 in the small intestine of chicks.

Dietary vegetable oils inclusion on the performance, hormonal levels and hsp 70 gene expression in broilers under heat stress

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of unsaturated and saturated oils on the performance, hormonal levels and hsp gene expression in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. 300 one-day male broiler chicks were assigned to 4 treatments (Diets containing palm, corn, linseed or olive oils) with 5 replicates. At day 28 of age, 2 chickens were removed from each replicate, then blood samples and liver tissue samples were collected for analyses. Feeding linseed and olive oil reduced feed conversion ratio compared to corn and palm oils. The lowest level of insulin was for chickens fed linseed oil and corn oil. The highest level of corticosterone was found in chickens fed palm oil and the lowest level was for those received linseed oil. Chickens received linseed and corn oils had the highest levels of T3 and T4 and those fed palm and olive oils had the lowest levels. The highest HSP 70 gene expression was for chickens fed diet containing olive and linseed oils and the lowest one was for those fed corn and palm oils. It was concluded that olive oil and linseed oil could improve performance and heat tolerance of chickens under heat stress.(AU)

Dietary vegetable oils inclusion on the performance, hormonal levels and hsp 70 gene expression in broilers under heat stress

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of unsaturated and saturated oils on the performance, hormonal levels and hsp gene expression in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. 300 one-day male broiler chicks were assigned to 4 treatments (Diets containing palm, corn, linseed or olive oils) with 5 replicates. At day 28 of age, 2 chickens were removed from each replicate, then blood samples and liver tissue samples were collected for analyses. Feeding linseed and olive oil reduced feed conversion ratio compared to corn and palm oils. The lowest level of insulin was for chickens fed linseed oil and corn oil. The highest level of corticosterone was found in chickens fed palm oil and the lowest level was for those received linseed oil. Chickens received linseed and corn oils had the highest levels of T3 and T4 and those fed palm and olive oils had the lowest levels. The highest HSP 70 gene expression was for chickens fed diet containing olive and linseed oils and the lowest one was for those fed corn and palm oils. It was concluded that olive oil and linseed oil could improve performance and heat tolerance of chickens under heat stress.

Impact of an acute heat shock during in vitro maturation on interleukin 6 and its associated receptor component transcripts in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes

An acute heat stress event after the LH surge increased interleukin 6 (IL6) levels in the follicular fluid of the ovulatory follicle in hyperthermic cows. To examine direct consequences of a physiologically-relevant elevated temperature (41.0°C) on the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC), IL6 transcript abundance and related receptor components were evaluated throughout in vitro maturation. Heat-induced increases in IL6 were first noted at 4 hours of in vitro maturation (hIVM); peak levels occurred at 4.67 versus 6.44 hIVM for 41.0 and 38.5°C COCs, respectively (SEM = 0.23; P < 0.001). Peak IL6ST levels occurred at 6.95 versus 8.29 hIVM for 41.0 and 38.5°C, respectively (SEM = 0.23; P < 0.01). Transcript for LIF differed over time (P < 0.0001) but was not affected by 41.0°C exposure. Blastocyst development after performing IVF was not affected by 41.0°C exposure for 4 or 6 h. When limiting analysis to when IL6 was temporally produced, progesterone levels were only impacted by time and temperature (no interaction). Heat-induced shift in the temporal production of IL6 and IL6ST along with its impact on progesterone likely cooperate in heat-induced hastening of meiotic progression described by others.

Disfunção miocárdica secundária a sepse em cão: relato de caso / Myocardial dysfunction secondary to sepsis in dog: case report

A redução do empenho do miocárdio é um achado frequente em casos de sepse ou choque séptico, sendo a piometra uma das principais causas de sepse em cães. No presente trabalho relata-se um caso de sepse secundária à piometra levando à disfunção miocárdica em um canino, fêmea, da raça White West Highland Terrier, de dez anos de idade com histórico de prostração e hiporexia. Ao exame físico foi observada presença de secreção vulvar purulenta, abdômen abaulado e tenso à palpação. Foram realizados exames complementares, incluindo hemograma com resultado compatível com quadro infeccioso, bioquímica revelando hipocalemia e hipocalcemia, e exames de imagem. Observou-se por meio do exame ultrassonográfico presença de grande quantidade de líquido com celularidade em cornos e corpo uterino, compatível com piometra. Alterações compatíveis com sepse foram observadas durante o atendimento e estabilização do animal. No exame ecocardiográfico foi observado aumento dos diâmetros sistólico e diastólico do ventrículo esquerdo com diminuição da fração de encurtamento e ejeção, compatível com disfunção sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo. A referida paciente recebeu alta médica após correção cirúrgica e estabilização dos parâmetros clínicos, incluindo a disfunção sistólica, sendo relatado óbito sete dias após. Sugere-se que a causa mortis tenha sido a disfunção sistólica causada pela sepse. Conclui-se que a disfunção miocárdica é um fator determinante de prognóstico em casos de sepse, o que ressalta a importância de seu diagnóstico e tratamento precoce.

The reduction of myocardial commitment is a frequent finding in cases of sepsis or septic shock, and piometra is one of the main causes of sepsis in dogs. In the present study, the case of sepsis secondary to piometra is reported leading to myocardial dysfunction in a canine, female, of the 10-year-old White West Highland Terrier with a history of prostration and hyporexia. On physical examination, the presence of purulent vulvar secretion, bulging abdomen and taut palpation was observed. Complementary tests were performed, including blood count, biochemistry and imaging tests. It was observed through ultrasound examination the presence of a large amount of fluid with cellularity in horns and uterine body, compatible with piometra. Alterations compatible with sepsis were observed during the care and stabilization of the animal. On echocardiographic examination, an increase in systolic and diastolic diameters of the left ventricle was observed with decreased shortening and ejection fraction, compatible with systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. The patient received medical discharge after surgical correction and stabilization of clinical parameters, and died seven days later. It is suggested that the cause of death was systolic dysfunction caused by sepsis. It is concluded that myocardial dysfunction is a prognostic determinant factor in cases of sepsis, emphasizing the importance of its diagnosis and early treatment.

Successful xenotransfusion from a domestic dog (Canis familiaris) to an Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) / Sucesso da xenotransfusão de um cão doméstico (Canis familiaris) para uma raposa andina (Lycalopex culpaeus)

An Andean fox was transferred to the Wildlife Hospital of the Universidad San Francisco de Quito for evaluation of injuries caused by a run over. Clinical signs of hypovolemic shock were detected. Radiographies showed multiple pelvic fractures and free fluid in retroperitoneal cavity. The presumptive diagnosis was hemorrhagic shock caused by blood loss secondary to a pelvis fracture. An emergency xenotransfusion using blood from a domestic dog was performed without acute transfusion reactions observed. This is the first report of successful xenotransfusion between a domestic dog and an Andean fox presenting a procedure that could be applied in emergency situations.(AU)

Uma raposa andina foi levada ao Hospital da Vida Selvagem da Universidad San Francisco de Quito para avaliar os ferimentos causados por um atropelamento. Sinais clínicos de choque hipovolêmico foram detectados. Radiografias mostraram múltiplas fraturas pélvicas e fluido livre na cavidade retroperitoneal. O diagnóstico presuntivo foi um choque hemorrágico causado por perda sanguínea secundária a uma fratura pélvica. Uma xenotransfusão de emergência foi realizada com o sangue de um cão doméstico sem reações agudas transfusionais. Este é o primeiro relato bem sucedido de xenotransfusão entre um cão doméstico e uma raposa andina, demonstrando que é um procedimento que poderá ser considerado em situações de emergência.(AU)

Successful xenotransfusion from a domestic dog (Canis familiaris) to an Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) / Sucesso da xenotransfusão de um cão doméstico (Canis familiaris) para uma raposa andina (Lycalopex culpaeus)

An Andean fox was transferred to the Wildlife Hospital of the Universidad San Francisco de Quito for evaluation of injuries caused by a run over. Clinical signs of hypovolemic shock were detected. Radiographies showed multiple pelvic fractures and free fluid in retroperitoneal cavity. The presumptive diagnosis was hemorrhagic shock caused by blood loss secondary to a pelvis fracture. An emergency xenotransfusion using blood from a domestic dog was performed without acute transfusion reactions observed. This is the first report of successful xenotransfusion between a domestic dog and an Andean fox presenting a procedure that could be applied in emergency situations.(AU)

Uma raposa andina foi levada ao Hospital da Vida Selvagem da Universidad San Francisco de Quito para avaliar os ferimentos causados por um atropelamento. Sinais clínicos de choque hipovolêmico foram detectados. Radiografias mostraram múltiplas fraturas pélvicas e fluido livre na cavidade retroperitoneal. O diagnóstico presuntivo foi um choque hemorrágico causado por perda sanguínea secundária a uma fratura pélvica. Uma xenotransfusão de emergência foi realizada com o sangue de um cão doméstico sem reações agudas transfusionais. Este é o primeiro relato bem sucedido de xenotransfusão entre um cão doméstico e uma raposa andina, demonstrando que é um procedimento que poderá ser considerado em situações de emergência.(AU)

Impact of an acute heat shock during in vitro maturation on interleukin 6 and its associated receptor component transcripts in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes

An acute heat stress event after the LH surge increased interleukin 6 (IL6) levels in the follicular fluid of the ovulatory follicle in hyperthermic cows. To examine direct consequences of a physiologically-relevant elevated temperature (41.0°C) on the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC), IL6 transcript abundance and related receptor components were evaluated throughout in vitro maturation. Heat-induced increases in IL6 were first noted at 4 hours of in vitro maturation (hIVM); peak levels occurred at 4.67 versus 6.44 hIVM for 41.0 and 38.5°C COCs, respectively (SEM = 0.23; P < 0.001). Peak IL6ST levels occurred at 6.95 versus 8.29 hIVM for 41.0 and 38.5°C, respectively (SEM = 0.23; P < 0.01). Transcript for LIF differed over time (P < 0.0001) but was not affected by 41.0°C exposure. Blastocyst development after performing IVF was not affected by 41.0°C exposure for 4 or 6 h. When limiting analysis to when IL6 was temporally produced, progesterone levels were only impacted by time and temperature (no interaction). Heat-induced shift in the temporal production of IL6 and IL6ST along with its impact on progesterone likely cooperate in heat-induced hastening of meiotic progression described by others.(AU)

Successful xenotransfusion from a domestic dog (Canis familiaris) to an Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) / Sucesso da xenotransfusão de um cão doméstico (Canis familiaris) para uma raposa andina (Lycalopex culpaeus)

An Andean fox was transferred to the Wildlife Hospital of the Universidad San Francisco de Quito for evaluation ofinjuries caused by a run over. Clinical signs of hypovolemic shock were detected. Radiographies showed multiple pelvicfractures and free fluid in retroperitoneal cavity. The presumptive diagnosis was hemorrhagic shock caused by bloodloss secondary to a pelvis fracture. An emergency xenotransfusion using blood from a domestic dog was performedwithout acute transfusion reactions observed. This is the first report of successful xenotransfusion between a domesticdog and an Andean fox presenting a procedure that could be applied in emergency situations.

Uma raposa andina foi levada ao Hospital da Vida Selvagem da Universidad San Francisco de Quito para avaliar osferimentos causados por um atropelamento. Sinais clínicos de choque hipovolêmico foram detectados. Radiografiasmostraram múltiplas fraturas pélvicas e fluido livre na cavidade retroperitoneal. O diagnóstico presuntivo foi um choquehemorrágico causado por perda sanguínea secundária a uma fratura pélvica. Uma xenotransfusão de emergência foirealizada com o sangue de um cão doméstico sem reações agudas transfusionais. Este é o primeiro relato bem sucedidode xenotransfusão entre um cão doméstico e uma raposa andina, demonstrando que é um procedimento que poderáser considerado em situações de emergência.

Fatty acid profile of frozen fillets of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) stunned by electronarcosis / Insensibilização do bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) por eletronarcose: efeitos sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos em filés congelados

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of desensitisation by electronarcosis on the changes to the fatty acid profile of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fillets stored at low sub-zero temperature. For stunning, 50, 100 and 150 V were used for 120 s and then exsanguination was performed, followed by storage at –18 °C for 180 days. A total of 47 fatty acids were detected in cobia fillet samples, and most of the quantified fatty acids differed (p 0.05) among treatments; however, the n6/n3 ratio and Σhypocholesterolaemic fatty acids/Ʃhypercholesterolaemic fatty acids ratio were significantly affected by the storage times and their outcomes. In general, the electronarcosis intensities used to numb cobia did not promote differences during the frozen storage of the fillets for most of the analysed variables but a significant effect of the storage time was noted within the treatments, with meat quality loss observed over time.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da insensibilização por eletronarcose em bijupirás (Rachycentron canadum) sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos em filés armazenados em congelamento. Foram utilizadas as voltagens de 50, 100 e 150 volts por 120 segundos, e após a insensibilização foi realizada a sangria e o armazenamento a -18 °C durante 180 dias. Foram analisados 47 ácidos graxos em amostras de filé do bijupirá. Ocorreram diferenças significativas (p0,05) entre os tratamentos, no entanto para os tempos de estocagem e seus desdobramentos foram observadas diferenças significativas. Para a razão H/H (Ʃ ácidos graxos hipocolesterolêmicos/Ʃ ácidos graxos hipercolesterolêmicos), ocorreram variações, mas não foram observadas diferenças (p>0,05), mas sim entre os tempos de estocagem e seus desdobramentos. De maneira geral, as intensidades de choque elétrico utilizadas para insensibilização do bijupirá não promoveram diferenças durante a estocagem congelada dos filés, na maioria das variáveis analisadas, no entanto, a avaliação do tempo de estocagem dentro dos tratamentos utilizados foi significativa, notando-se perda de qualidade da carne com o passar do tempo.

Successful emergency treatment in Bradypus variegatus following non-hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock

Background: The brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus) occurs from the Nicaragua to Brazil. In brazilian amazonian,these animals are rescued with illnesses caused by anthropic actions. Emergencial treatment of sloths is complex becauseis a lack of specie-specific information allied to a particularly physiology. They have low metabolism and physiologicalparameters during resting time is 4-7 breaths/min, 40-100 heartbeats/min and temperature between 32-35ºC. They arealso folivores, predisposing cases of dehydration and even hypovolemic shock. This study aimed to report the emergencytreatment performed on a specimen of Bradypus variegatus affected by hypovolemic shock due to dehydration.Case: A male sloth weighing 2.7 kg was attended at the Veterinary Hospital-Wild Animals Sector of the Federal Universityof Pará (HVSAS-UFPA), victim of untreated hypovolemic shock due three days of forced eating with inadequate food,which resulted in dehydration, non-hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock, and severe apathy. Physiological parameters were 8breaths/min, heart rate 90/min and rectal temperature of 33°C. Treatment begun with fluid therapy taking account of 10%of body dehydration (270 mL Ringer lactate, 8 mL vitamin complex and 2 mL glucose), for respiratory decompensationnebulization was conducted with epinephrine (0.5 mL/kg), and intramuscular administration of vitamin B complex (1 mg/kg), metoclopramide (0.2 mg/kg), ranitidine (0.5 mg/kg), and dexamethasone (0.3 mg/kg) to metabolic stimulation improvement. Physiological parameters were monitored every 10 min for the first 12 h of hospitalization. The managementwere gradually established as the clinical conditions were improved, including forced feeding, daily walks, and enclosureadapted for the minimal behavioral and biological requirements. After 14 days of intensive treatment, the animal wasconsidered ready for release...

Involvement of HSP90 in ischemic postconditioning-induced cardioprotection by inhibition of the complement system, JNK and inflammation

Purpose To investigate whether heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is involved in complement regulation in ischemic postconditioning (IPC). Methods The left coronary artery of rats underwent 30 min of occlusion, followed by 120 min of reperfusion and treatment with IPC via 3 cycles of 30s reperfusion and 30s occlusion. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mg/kg HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) after anesthesia. Eighty rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), IPC and IPC + GA. Myocardial infarct size, apoptosis index and the expression of HSP90, C3, C5a, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were assessed. Results Compared with the I/R injury, the IPC treatment significantly reduced infarct size, release of troponin T, creatine kinase-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These beneficial effects were accompanied by a decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β, C3, C5a and JNK expression levels. However, all these effects were abrogated by administration of the HSP90 inhibitor GA. Conclusion HSP90 exerts a profound effect on IPC cardioprotection, and may be linked to the inhibition of the complement system and JNK, ultimately attenuating I/R-induced myocardial injury and apoptosis.(AU)

Fatty acid profile of frozen fillets of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) stunned by electronarcosis / Insensibilização do bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) por eletronarcose: efeitos sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos em filés congelados

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of desensitisation by electronarcosis on the changes to the fatty acid profile of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fillets stored at low sub-zero temperature. For stunning, 50, 100 and 150 V were used for 120 s and then exsanguination was performed, followed by storage at –18 °C for 180 days. A total of 47 fatty acids were detected in cobia fillet samples, and most of the quantified fatty acids differed (p < 0.05) between treatments and storage times. The n6/n3 ratio did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments; however, the n6/n3 ratio and Σhypocholesterolaemic fatty acids/Ʃhypercholesterolaemic fatty acids ratio were significantly affected by the storage times and their outcomes. In general, the electronarcosis intensities used to numb cobia did not promote differences during the frozen storage of the fillets for most of the analysed variables but a significant effect of the storage time was noted within the treatments, with meat quality loss observed over time.(AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da insensibilização por eletronarcose em bijupirás (Rachycentron canadum) sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos em filés armazenados em congelamento. Foram utilizadas as voltagens de 50, 100 e 150 volts por 120 segundos, e após a insensibilização foi realizada a sangria e o armazenamento a -18 °C durante 180 dias. Foram analisados 47 ácidos graxos em amostras de filé do bijupirá. Ocorreram diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos para os ácidos graxos e foram observadas diferenças no tempo de estocagem para a maioria dos ácidos graxos quantificados. A relação n6/n3 não apresentou diferença (p>0,05) entre os tratamentos, no entanto para os tempos de estocagem e seus desdobramentos foram observadas diferenças significativas. Para a razão H/H (Ʃ ácidos graxos hipocolesterolêmicos/Ʃ ácidos graxos hipercolesterolêmicos), ocorreram variações, mas não foram observadas diferenças (p>0,05), mas sim entre os tempos de estocagem e seus desdobramentos. De maneira geral, as intensidades de choque elétrico utilizadas para insensibilização do bijupirá não promoveram diferenças durante a estocagem congelada dos filés, na maioria das variáveis analisadas, no entanto, a avaliação do tempo de estocagem dentro dos tratamentos utilizados foi significativa, notando-se perda de qualidade da carne com o passar do tempo.(AU)

Disfunção miocárdica secundária a sepse em cão: relato de caso / Myocardial dysfunction secondary to sepsis in dog: case report

A redução do empenho do miocárdio é um achado frequente em casos de sepse ou choque séptico, sendo a piometra uma das principais causas de sepse em cães. No presente trabalho relata-se um caso de sepse secundária à piometra levando à disfunção miocárdica em um canino, fêmea, da raça White West Highland Terrier, de dez anos de idade com histórico de prostração e hiporexia. Ao exame físico foi observada presença de secreção vulvar purulenta, abdômen abaulado e tenso à palpação. Foram realizados exames complementares, incluindo hemograma com resultado compatível com quadro infeccioso, bioquímica revelando hipocalemia e hipocalcemia, e exames de imagem. Observou-se por meio do exame ultrassonográfico presença de grande quantidade de líquido com celularidade em cornos e corpo uterino, compatível com piometra. Alterações compatíveis com sepse foram observadas durante o atendimento e estabilização do animal. No exame ecocardiográfico foi observado aumento dos diâmetros sistólico e diastólico do ventrículo esquerdo com diminuição da fração de encurtamento e ejeção, compatível com disfunção sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo. A referida paciente recebeu alta médica após correção cirúrgica e estabilização dos parâmetros clínicos, incluindo a disfunção sistólica, sendo relatado óbito sete dias após. Sugere-se que a causa mortis tenha sido a disfunção sistólica causada pela sepse. Conclui-se

The reduction of myocardial commitment is a frequent finding in cases of sepsis or septic shock, and piometra is one of the main causes of sepsis in dogs. In the present study, the case of sepsis secondary to piometra is reported leading to myocardial dysfunction in a canine, female, of the 10-year-old White West Highland Terrier with a history of prostration and hyporexia. On physical examination, the presence of purulent vulvar secretion, bulging abdomen and taut palpation was observed. Complementary tests were performed, including blood count, biochemistry and imaging tests. It was observed through ultrasound examination the presence of a large amount of fluid with cellularity in horns and uterine body, compatible with piometra. Alterations compatible with sepsis were observed during the care and stabilization of the animal. On echocardiographic examination, an increase in systolic and diastolic diameters of the left ventricle was observed with decreased shortening and ejection fraction, compatible with systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. The patient received medical discharge after surgical correction and stabilization of clinical parameters, and died seven days later. It is suggested that the cause of death was systolic dysfunction caused by sepsis. It is concluded that myocardial dysfunction is a prognostic determinant factor in cases of sepsis, emphasizing the importance of its diagnosis and early treatment.(AU)