Primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Primary lung neoplasms are uncommon in veterinary medicine, and when they develop, they are more frequently observed to be of epithelial origin. Although chondrosarcomas are the second most diagnosed type of neoplasm in dogs at skeletal sites, their development in extraskeletal tissues, including the spleen, aorta, heart, tongue, peritoneum, and lungs, corresponds to approximately only 1% of cases. Therefore, the occurrence of primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma is considered very rare in domestic animals. Considering the rare occurrence and scarcity of data regarding its development, the present report describes the clinical and pathological aspects of a case of primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma in a bitch. Case: A 8-year-old mixed-breed bitch, weighing 14.2 kg, was examined at one private veterinary clinic with the principal complaint of prolonged respiratory distress and resistance to exercise. Clinical evaluation revealed tachypnea with expiratory dyspnea due to intense pleural effusion, tachycardia, and diffusely pale mucous membranes. Thoracocentesis was performed with drainage of 1000 mL of modified transudate, and fluid cytology, blood count, and chest radiography were performed. Cytological analysis of the thoracic fluid did not identify neoplastic cells, the blood count showed intense regenerative anemia, and the radiograph showed an extensive area of consolidation in the left caudal lung lobe, compatible with neoplasia. The results of the tests performed, in addition to the evolution of the clinical picture and the impossibility of performing the indicated surgical intervention, culminated in the patient's unfavorable prognosis, followed by euthanasia, necropsy, and histopathological evaluation of the collected material. Necropsy revealed a white neoplastic formation with reddish areas and firm consistency that diffused into the parenchyma of the left caudal lung lobe with invasion of the rib cage, fracture of the fifth and sixth left ribs, diaphragmatic metastasis, intense hydrothorax, and moderate hydroperitoneum. Microscopically, in the histological sections of the lung and diaphragm, poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells with moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and interspersed with them, moderately differentiated chondrocytes surrounded by chondroid matrix, moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, and a low mitotic index culminated in the diagnosis of primary pulmonary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Discussion: Malignant epithelial neoplasms were suspected; however, the histopathological features observed were compatible with primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma. The characteristics of the fluid collected through thoracentesis led to its classification as a modified transudate, which is often associated with neoplastic and hemorrhagic processes; both alterations were present in this case. The diagnosis of primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma was established based on the histopathological findings since the cell type and distribution observed in the present case were compatible with the typical pattern observed in extraskeletal chondrosarcomas. An unfavorable prognosis is common in cases of primary or metastatic lung neoplasm since, in most cases, the condition is identified in the advanced stages of the disease, making therapeutic management challenging. Given the increase in the number of dog deaths due to neoplasms in recent years, this case report may contribute to a better understanding of the biological behavior of pulmonary chondrosarcoma and assist in the choice of treatment to be adopted when required.

Osteosarcoma of the hard palate in a dog - case report / [Osteossarcoma em palato duro de cão - relato de caso]

The osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most diagnosed primary bone cancer in canine patients. This work reports a case of a canine, six years old, mongrel, female, intact, with an OSA in the hard palate. Physical examination detected a firm mass in the palate. Thoracic radiographs, hematological and biochemical exams, histopathological exams and computed tomography were requested. A chondroblastic OSA was diagnosed and the tumor was characterized by immunohistochemistry. There was never evidence of metastasis in this case. The treatment consisted of the combination of conventional chemotherapy, metronomic chemotherapy, and palliative care, aiming at greater survival and well-being of the patient since surgical excision was not possible due to the location and extension of the tumor. Osteogenic sarcomas of the hard palate are rarely seen and described in the literature. In this article we present a characterization of the osteosarcoma with uncommon localization in the hard palate.(AU)

O osteossarcoma (OSA) é a neoplasia óssea primária mais diagnosticada em pacientes caninos. Este trabalho relata o caso de um canino, com seis anos de idade, sem raça definida, fêmea, não castrado, apresentando OSA em região de palato duro. Ao exame clínico, constatou-se uma massa de consistência firme em região palatina. Além do exame clínico, foram solicitadas radiografias torácicas, exames hematológicos e bioquímicos, exames histopatológicos e tomografia computadorizada. Fora então dado o diagnóstico de OSA condroblástico, e o tumor foi caracterizado pela imuno-histoquímica. Não foram observadas evidências de metástases nesse caso. O tratamento instituído consistiu na combinação de quimioterapia convencional, quimioterapia metronômica e cuidados paliativos, almejando maior sobrevida e bem-estar do paciente, uma vez que a excisão cirúrgica não foi possível devido à localização e à extensão do tumor. Neste artigo, apresentou-se uma caracterização do osteossarcoma com localização incomum no palato duro.(AU)

Tratamento do rádio curvo em cão jovem com associação das técnicas de grampeamento fisário radial, ostectomia ulnar e fixador externo dinâmico transarticular / Treatment of radius curvus in a young dog with association of radial physeal stapling, ulnar ostectomy and transarticular dynamic external fixator techniques

Background: Radius curvus is a clinical manifestation of the premature closure of the distal ulnar physis and the mostcommon physeal disease in dogs, representing 63% of all physeal injuries. There are few reports indicating the techniqueof stapling for treatment of radius curvus in squeletically immature dogs. The aim of this study is to report a case of radiuscurvus in a young dog successfully treated with a combination of 3 surgical tecniques: 1- Stapling the medial and cranialportions of the distal radial physis; 2- Oblique osteotomy of the proximal ulna and ostectomy of the distal ulna, and 3-Dynamic external skeletal fixation in the elbow joint.Case: A 5-month-old female dog was referred to the University Veterinary Hospital with a history of left thoracic limb deformity for 2 months. There was a history of possible traumatic event on the front limb, in addition to providing nutritionalsupplements daily. In the radiographic evaluation the changes were identified in the left thoracic limb: shortening of theulna, procurvatum and medial angulation of the distal radius, increased joint space and articular incongruity of the elbowjoint. The dog was subjected to surgical treatment by the combination of three main surgical techniques. For the staplingof the distal radial physis the surgical approach on the cranial-medial surface of the distal radius was made. Two surgicalstaples were positioned in the distal radial physis. Thereafter a caudal approach was made to the distal region of the ulnardiaphysis for the distal ostectomy of the ulna. A bone segment of 1 cm in length of the distal ulnar diaphysis was removed.Another caudal approach was made to the proximal region of the ulnar diaphysis and a proximal oblique osteotomy of theulna was performed. For the dynamic external skeletal fixation in the elbow joint two Steinmann pins were inserted. Thefirst pin was proximal to the supracondilar...

Focal myositis associated with Leishmania spp. infection in a dog - diagnostic approach / Miosite focal associada à infecção por Leishmania spp. em um cão - abordagem diagnóstica

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic, zoonotic disease widely spread in several countries. The disease is caused by Leishmania spp., and the dog is the main reservoir of this parasite. Clinical signs in the muscle skeletal system consist of muscle atrophy, weakness, lameness, abnormal locomotion, osteitis, polyarthritis, heat and swelling of the joints, enlarged local lymph nodes and pain. In this note, a case of canine myositis of the lumbar region associated with Leishmania spp. infection is reported. Clinical signs included weakness, fever, mild dehydration, enlarged mandibular, pre-scapular and popliteal lymph nodes and a large palpable soft mass in the lumbar region, semi-adhered and not painful. Serologic diagnosis resulted reagent by indirect immunofluorescence reaction method. Findings of ultrasonography of the lower back are described, revealing the misalignment of muscle fibers, interspersed with anechoic areas compatible with edema. Local fine needle aspiration cytology was crucial for a definitive diagnosis, revealing amastigote forms. In endemic areas of leishmaniasis, clinicians should consider this disease as a differential diagnosis in the presence of musculoskeletal injuries with no apparent cause.(AU)

A leishmaniose canina visceral é uma doença sistêmica, zoonótica e amplamente difundida causada por parasitas do gênero Leishmania spp., sendo o cão importante hospedeiro. Os sinais clínicos de leishmaniose no sistema músculo esquelético se constituem em atrofia muscular, fraqueza, claudicação, locomoção anormal, osteíte, poliartrite, hipertermia, dor e edema das articulações. A presente nota descreve um caso de miosite lombar em cão associada à infecção por Leishmania spp. Os sinais clínicos incluíram fraqueza, febre, desidratação leve, aumento dos linfonodos mandibulares, pré-escapulares e poplíteos e uma grande massa macia palpável na região lombar, semi-aderida e não dolorosa. O diagnóstico sorológico resultou em reagente pelo método da reação de imunofluorescência indireta totalmente diluída. Os achados da ultrassonografia da região lombar são descritos, revelando o desalinhamento das fibras musculares, intercaladas com áreas anecóicas, compatíveis com edema. A citologia local de aspiração por agulha fina foi crucial para o diagnóstico definitivo, revelando formas amastigotas. Nas áreas endêmicas da leishmaniose, deve-se considerar esta doença como diagnóstico diferencial na presença de lesões musculoesqueléticas sem causa aparente.(AU)

Tratamento do rádio curvo em cão jovem com associação das técnicas de grampeamento fisário radial, ostectomia ulnar e fixador externo dinâmico transarticular / Treatment of radius curvus in a young dog with association of radial physeal stapling, ulnar ostectomy and transarticular dynamic external fixator techniques

Background: Radius curvus is a clinical manifestation of the premature closure of the distal ulnar physis and the mostcommon physeal disease in dogs, representing 63% of all physeal injuries. There are few reports indicating the techniqueof stapling for treatment of radius curvus in squeletically immature dogs. The aim of this study is to report a case of radiuscurvus in a young dog successfully treated with a combination of 3 surgical tecniques: 1- Stapling the medial and cranialportions of the distal radial physis; 2- Oblique osteotomy of the proximal ulna and ostectomy of the distal ulna, and 3-Dynamic external skeletal fixation in the elbow joint.Case: A 5-month-old female dog was referred to the University Veterinary Hospital with a history of left thoracic limb deformity for 2 months. There was a history of possible traumatic event on the front limb, in addition to providing nutritionalsupplements daily. In the radiographic evaluation the changes were identified in the left thoracic limb: shortening of theulna, procurvatum and medial angulation of the distal radius, increased joint space and articular incongruity of the elbowjoint. The dog was subjected to surgical treatment by the combination of three main surgical techniques. For the staplingof the distal radial physis the surgical approach on the cranial-medial surface of the distal radius was made. Two surgicalstaples were positioned in the distal radial physis. Thereafter a caudal approach was made to the distal region of the ulnardiaphysis for the distal ostectomy of the ulna. A bone segment of 1 cm in length of the distal ulnar diaphysis was removed.Another caudal approach was made to the proximal region of the ulnar diaphysis and a proximal oblique osteotomy of theulna was performed. For the dynamic external skeletal fixation in the elbow joint two Steinmann pins were inserted. Thefirst pin was proximal to the supracondilar...(AU)

Chondrodysplasia Bulldog type in cattle in the state of Bahia, Brazil

Chondrodysplasia is a congenital or hereditary disorder of the endochondral ossification that results in several degrees of disproportionate dwarfism. Reports of this disease are scarce in the national literature and do not emphasize radiographic characteristics. The goal of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and radiographic aspects of a case of Bulldog type chondrodysplasia in a crossbred bovine fetus in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The fetus exhibited arounded and disproportionate skull, bilateral exophthalmos, inferior brachygnathism, partial tongue protrusion, extremely short limbs, short vertebral column and ventral abdominal hernia. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the diaphysis were the only calcified bone portions of the limbs, that the vertebral column was shortened without vertebral spinal processes and that there was craniofacial disproportion. Microscopic of the femur showed an irregular epiphyseal plaque, formed by denseclusters of chondrocytes with absence of growth plate zones. The metaphysis was markedly short and consisted of thick bony trabeculae, surrounded by cartilaginous islands. It was concluded that fetuses with Bulldog type chondrodysplasia exhibit slight morphological and radiographic variation according to the affected breed and that the gene carrier of chondrodysplasia is present in the miniature Jersey and Punganur population in the state of Bahia.(AU)

Chondrodysplasia Bulldog type in cattle in the state of Bahia, Brazil

Chondrodysplasia is a congenital or hereditary disorder of the endochondral ossification that results in several degrees of disproportionate dwarfism. Reports of this disease are scarce in the national literature and do not emphasize radiographic characteristics. The goal of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and radiographic aspects of a case of Bulldog type chondrodysplasia in a crossbred bovine fetus in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The fetus exhibited arounded and disproportionate skull, bilateral exophthalmos, inferior brachygnathism, partial tongue protrusion, extremely short limbs, short vertebral column and ventral abdominal hernia. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the diaphysis were the only calcified bone portions of the limbs, that the vertebral column was shortened without vertebral spinal processes and that there was craniofacial disproportion. Microscopic of the femur showed an irregular epiphyseal plaque, formed by denseclusters of chondrocytes with absence of growth plate zones. The metaphysis was markedly short and consisted of thick bony trabeculae, surrounded by cartilaginous islands. It was concluded that fetuses with Bulldog type chondrodysplasia exhibit slight morphological and radiographic variation according to the affected breed and that the gene carrier of chondrodysplasia is present in the miniature Jersey and Punganur population in the state of Bahia.

Reconstrução cirúrgica da tíbia em fratura mal consolidada em um cão / Surgical reconstruction of tibia in poorly consolidated fracture in a dog

Objetiva-se com este trabalho relatar um caso de reconstrução cirúrgica tibial em uma fratura mal consolidada em um canino, salientando a versatilidade do fixador esquelético externo (FEE) e a importância do enxerto esponjoso como coadjuvante da cicatrização. Para a reconstrução cirúrgica da tíbia, esta foi refraturada, e em seguida, alinhada com o auxílio de pino intramedular de Steinmann temporário. Empregou-se fixação esquelética externa associada à enxertia óssea esponjosa autógena coletada da asa do ílio. No protocolo pós-cirúrgico, foi recomendado os mesmos cuidados e medicações de uma osteossíntese habitual. Decorridos 35 dias da cirurgia, observou-se perda da linha de fratura e formação de calo ósseo, permitindo a remoção do FEE. O animal voltou a apoiar o membro normalmente, apenas com um leve encurtamento do mesmo, mas sem prejuízo à deambulação.

The aim of this study is to report a case of tibial surgical reconstruction in a poorly consolidated canine fracture, emphasizing the versatility of the external skeletal fixator (ESF) and the importance of the cancellous graft as an adjunct to healing. For surgical reconstruction of the tibia, it was refracted and then aligned with support by temporary Steinmann intramedullary pin. External skeletal fixation was applied in association with bone grafting of spongy autogenous tissue collected by iliac wing. In the post-surgical protocol, the same care and medications as usual for osteosynthesis were recommended. Fracture line loss and bone callus formation were observed thirty-five days after the surgery, allowing the removal of the ESF. The animal returned to support the limb normally, only with a slight shortening of the limb, but without prejudice to the walking.

Reconstrução cirúrgica da tíbia em fratura mal consolidada em um cão / Surgical reconstruction of tibia in poorly consolidated fracture in a dog

Objetiva-se com este trabalho relatar um caso de reconstrução cirúrgica tibial em uma fratura mal consolidada em um canino, salientando a versatilidade do fixador esquelético externo (FEE) e a importância do enxerto esponjoso como coadjuvante da cicatrização. Para a reconstrução cirúrgica da tíbia, esta foi refraturada, e em seguida, alinhada com o auxílio de pino intramedular de Steinmann temporário. Empregou-se fixação esquelética externa associada à enxertia óssea esponjosa autógena coletada da asa do ílio. No protocolo pós-cirúrgico, foi recomendado os mesmos cuidados e medicações de uma osteossíntese habitual. Decorridos 35 dias da cirurgia, observou-se perda da linha de fratura e formação de calo ósseo, permitindo a remoção do FEE. O animal voltou a apoiar o membro normalmente, apenas com um leve encurtamento do mesmo, mas sem prejuízo à deambulação.(AU)

The aim of this study is to report a case of tibial surgical reconstruction in a poorly consolidated canine fracture, emphasizing the versatility of the external skeletal fixator (ESF) and the importance of the cancellous graft as an adjunct to healing. For surgical reconstruction of the tibia, it was refracted and then aligned with support by temporary Steinmann intramedullary pin. External skeletal fixation was applied in association with bone grafting of spongy autogenous tissue collected by iliac wing. In the post-surgical protocol, the same care and medications as usual for osteosynthesis were recommended. Fracture line loss and bone callus formation were observed thirty-five days after the surgery, allowing the removal of the ESF. The animal returned to support the limb normally, only with a slight shortening of the limb, but without prejudice to the walking.(AU)

Feeding effects of cottonseed and its co-products on the meat proteome from ram lambs

Gossypol easily pairs with lysine side chains and enzymes involved in the cellular growth process. The effect of gossypol (a compound present in cotton co-products) in ruminant metabolism and meat quality is not yet clear. This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effects of cotton co-products in lamb muscle proteome. Twenty-four Santa Inês ram lambs, 5-months old (20.6 ± 1.9 kg), were randomly assigned to four treatments: control (without cottonseed), whole cottonseed, cottonseed meal and high oil cottonseed meal. At 95 days into the experiment, lambs were slaughtered and samples from Longissimus dorsi were collected. Proteins were extracted and analyzed by 2-D electrophoresis. Spots showing a significant effect from the treatment (the “treatment effect”) and present in more than 90 % of the samples were identified using mass spectrometry. Cotton co-products decreased the abundance of aldehyde and malate dehydrogenases, creatine kinase M-type and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. They also increased four proteins related to muscle contraction. Thus, feeding cotton co-products to lambs changed the abundance of important muscle proteins. A cotton co-product diet induced a negative impact on the energy supply of muscle cells and, consequently, the abundance of ATP dependent proteins (contractile apparatus) increased, probably in order to offset and maintain muscle function. These proteomic changes can promote our understanding of alterations in the sensorial properties of meat due to cotton co-product diets in further investigations.

Feeding effects of cottonseed and its co-products on the meat proteome from ram lambs

Gossypol easily pairs with lysine side chains and enzymes involved in the cellular growth process. The effect of gossypol (a compound present in cotton co-products) in ruminant metabolism and meat quality is not yet clear. This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effects of cotton co-products in lamb muscle proteome. Twenty-four Santa Inês ram lambs, 5-months old (20.6 ± 1.9 kg), were randomly assigned to four treatments: control (without cottonseed), whole cottonseed, cottonseed meal and high oil cottonseed meal. At 95 days into the experiment, lambs were slaughtered and samples from Longissimus dorsi were collected. Proteins were extracted and analyzed by 2-D electrophoresis. Spots showing a significant effect from the treatment (the “treatment effect”) and present in more than 90 % of the samples were identified using mass spectrometry. Cotton co-products decreased the abundance of aldehyde and malate dehydrogenases, creatine kinase M-type and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. They also increased four proteins related to muscle contraction. Thus, feeding cotton co-products to lambs changed the abundance of important muscle proteins. A cotton co-product diet induced a negative impact on the energy supply of muscle cells and, consequently, the abundance of ATP dependent proteins (contractile apparatus) increased, probably in order to offset and maintain muscle function. These proteomic changes can promote our understanding of alterations in the sensorial properties of meat due to cotton co-product diets in further investigations.(AU)

Growth performance and incidence of skeletal anomalies in pacu larvae under different weaning protocols / Desempenho e incidência de anomalias esqueléticas em larvas de pacu sob diferentes protocolos de transição alimentar

The inadequate supply of food during a fishs larval stage, in addition to impairing growth and survival, may lead to the emergence of skeletal anomalies, since essential nutrients are involved in the osteogenic process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two weaning periods on growth, survival and incidence of skeletal anomalies in pacu larvae (Piaractus mesopotamicus) during its initial development. The larvae (5 dph) were placed in 100L tanks at a density of 12 larvae L-1, during 42 days. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four feeding treatments: (A) larvae fed only Artemia nauplii; (D) larvae fed only formulated diet; and two treatments with different weaning periods, early at six (W6) and late, at twelve days of feeding (W12). Higher growth indexes and survival rates were observed in A and W12, in comparison to W6 and D. At the end of the experiment, larvae fed Artemia nauplii and subjected to late weaning (W12) presented higher mass gain and survival, in comparison to W6 and D, however the incidence of skeletal anomalies was similar among treatments. It was concluded that the emergence of skeletal anomalies in P. mesopotamicus larvae was not associated to the weaning protocols used in this study and late weaning, at 12 days of feeding, did not impair growth and survival of these larvae.(AU)

A oferta inadequada do alimento durante a fase larval dos peixes, além de prejudicar o crescimento e a sobrevivência, podem causar anomalias esqueléticas, uma vez que nutrientes essenciais estão envolvidos na osteogênese. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de dois períodos de transição alimentar no crescimento, sobrevivência e na incidência de anomalias esqueléticas em larvas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) durante seu desenvolvimento inicial. Larvas com 5 dias pós-eclosão (dph) foram acondicionadas em tanques (100L), em uma densidade de 12 larvas L-1, durante 42 dias. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e apresentou quatro tratamentos alimentares: (A) larvas alimentadas apenas com náuplios de artêmia; (D) larvas alimentadas apenas com dieta formulada; e dois tratamentos com diferentes períodos de início da transição entre alimento vivo e formulado, (W6) prematuro, aos seis dias de alimentação, e (W12) tardio, aos 12 dias de alimentação. Ao final do experimento, as larvas dos tratamentos A e W12 apresentaram médias de ganho em massa e sobrevivência maiores que as dos tratamentos W6 e D, no entanto a incidência de anomalias esqueléticas foi similar entre os tratamentos. Foi possível concluir que incidência de anomalias esqueléticas em larvas de P. mesopotamicus não foi associada aos protocolos de transição alimentar adotados nesse estudo e a transição alimentar tardia, aos 12 dias de alimentação, pode ser realizada sem comprometer o crescimento e sobrevivência das larvas.(AU)

Growth performance and incidence of skeletal anomalies in pacu larvae under different weaning protocols / Desempenho e incidência de anomalias esqueléticas em larvas de pacu sob diferentes protocolos de transição alimentar

The inadequate supply of food during a fish’s larval stage, in addition to impairing growth and survival, may lead to the emergence of skeletal anomalies, since essential nutrients are involved in the osteogenic process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two weaning periods on growth, survival and incidence of skeletal anomalies in pacu larvae (Piaractus mesopotamicus) during its initial development. The larvae (5 dph) were placed in 100L tanks at a density of 12 larvae L-1, during 42 days. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four feeding treatments: (A) larvae fed only Artemia nauplii; (D) larvae fed only formulated diet; and two treatments with different weaning periods, early at six (W6) and late, at twelve days of feeding (W12). Higher growth indexes and survival rates were observed in A and W12, in comparison to W6 and D. At the end of the experiment, larvae fed Artemia nauplii and subjected to late weaning (W12) presented higher mass gain and survival, in comparison to W6 and D, however the incidence of skeletal anomalies was similar among treatments. It was concluded that the emergence of skeletal anomalies in P. mesopotamicus larvae was not associated to the weaning protocols used in this study and late weaning, at 12 days of feeding, did not impair growth and survival of these larvae.

A oferta inadequada do alimento durante a fase larval dos peixes, além de prejudicar o crescimento e a sobrevivência, podem causar anomalias esqueléticas, uma vez que nutrientes essenciais estão envolvidos na osteogênese. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de dois períodos de transição alimentar no crescimento, sobrevivência e na incidência de anomalias esqueléticas em larvas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) durante seu desenvolvimento inicial. Larvas com 5 dias pós-eclosão (dph) foram acondicionadas em tanques (100L), em uma densidade de 12 larvas L-1, durante 42 dias. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e apresentou quatro tratamentos alimentares: (A) larvas alimentadas apenas com náuplios de artêmia; (D) larvas alimentadas apenas com dieta formulada; e dois tratamentos com diferentes períodos de início da transição entre alimento vivo e formulado, (W6) prematuro, aos seis dias de alimentação, e (W12) tardio, aos 12 dias de alimentação. Ao final do experimento, as larvas dos tratamentos A e W12 apresentaram médias de ganho em massa e sobrevivência maiores que as dos tratamentos W6 e D, no entanto a incidência de anomalias esqueléticas foi similar entre os tratamentos. Foi possível concluir que incidência de anomalias esqueléticas em larvas de P. mesopotamicus não foi associada aos protocolos de transição alimentar adotados nesse estudo e a transição alimentar tardia, aos 12 dias de alimentação, pode ser realizada sem comprometer o crescimento e sobrevivência das larvas.

Pathological findings of post-anesthetic myopathy associated with type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy in a percheron horse

Background: Post-anesthetic myopathy is the most common complication associated with general anesthesia in horses. Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of glycogen and glycogen-related polysaccharides in the skeletal muscle, which is categorized in type 1 (PSSM1) and type 2 (PSSM2). The purpose of this study is to report the clinical, pathological and molecular findings in a Percheron mare with post-anesthetic myopathy associated with a PSSM1. Case: A 9-year-old Percheron mare was submitted to a caesarean section due to clinical dystocia during labor. Xylazine was employed during pre-anesthesia, followed by induction with ketamine and diazepam, while anesthetic maintenance was obtained with isoflurane. The mare showed good recovery, however 24 h later, sternal recumbency and hyperthermia (41° C) were observed. The mare was euthanized, and a necropsy was performed. Samples of multiple tissues were collected and routinely processed for histology. At necropsy, segments of skeletal muscles had bilateral pale areas. The kidneys had old and recent infarcts. The heart had whitish areas in the myocardium. The brain showed focally extensive reddish areas, with flattening of gyri. Histologically, skeletal muscle fibers had in the sarcoplasm multiple homogeneous globular clear eosinophilic formations, in addition to mild hyaline necrosis. In the heart and in the kidney, there were extensive areas of acute coagulative necrosis. The brain showed marked multifocal fibrinoid degeneration of vessels and hemorrhage. Refrigerated liver samples were submitted to DNA extraction to detect mutations in the GYS1 (type 1 PSSM) and RyR1 genes (malignant hyperthermia). A positive result for a homozygous dominant mutation in GYS1 (type 1 PSSM) was observed, while the mutation responsible for malignant hyperthermia was not identified.[...]

Pathological findings of post-anesthetic myopathy associated with type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy in a percheron horse

Background: Post-anesthetic myopathy is the most common complication associated with general anesthesia in horses. Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of glycogen and glycogen-related polysaccharides in the skeletal muscle, which is categorized in type 1 (PSSM1) and type 2 (PSSM2). The purpose of this study is to report the clinical, pathological and molecular findings in a Percheron mare with post-anesthetic myopathy associated with a PSSM1. Case: A 9-year-old Percheron mare was submitted to a caesarean section due to clinical dystocia during labor. Xylazine was employed during pre-anesthesia, followed by induction with ketamine and diazepam, while anesthetic maintenance was obtained with isoflurane. The mare showed good recovery, however 24 h later, sternal recumbency and hyperthermia (41° C) were observed. The mare was euthanized, and a necropsy was performed. Samples of multiple tissues were collected and routinely processed for histology. At necropsy, segments of skeletal muscles had bilateral pale areas. The kidneys had old and recent infarcts. The heart had whitish areas in the myocardium. The brain showed focally extensive reddish areas, with flattening of gyri. Histologically, skeletal muscle fibers had in the sarcoplasm multiple homogeneous globular clear eosinophilic formations, in addition to mild hyaline necrosis. In the heart and in the kidney, there were extensive areas of acute coagulative necrosis. The brain showed marked multifocal fibrinoid degeneration of vessels and hemorrhage. Refrigerated liver samples were submitted to DNA extraction to detect mutations in the GYS1 (type 1 PSSM) and RyR1 genes (malignant hyperthermia). A positive result for a homozygous dominant mutation in GYS1 (type 1 PSSM) was observed, while the mutation responsible for malignant hyperthermia was not identified.[...](AU)

Creation of a contusion injury method for skeletal muscle in rats with differing impacts

Purpose: To realize a morphological examination of the musculoskeletal tissue, assessing the effect of a contusion method for the production in rat gastrocnemius, comparing the inflammatory responses generated by different impacts. Methods: For the analysis of a contusion method, twelve female Wistar rats were distributed into four groups. The lesion was generated by 324 g of mass that was dropped from different predetermined heights for each group (30, 45, 60 and 70 cm). Results: In the analysis of musculoskeletal tissue, the response to injury varied according to the mass of the height drop onto the muscle. Only the group that was injured from 70 cm responded with uniform and severe inflammation, whereas the groups 30, 45 and 60 cm showed inflammation in some regions of the tissue with mild and moderate infiltrates. Conclusion: The method with the 324-gram mass dropped from a 70-cm height onto the gastrocnemius muscle of rats seems to be the most suitable for the production of muscle injury in these animals after 72 hours, showing an important inflammatory infiltrate.(AU)

Comparative study between standard and inside-out vein graft techniques on sciatic nerve repair of rats: muscular and functional analysis

Purpose: To compare the functional result of standart vein grafts and inside-out vein graft technique on sciatic nerve repair. Methods: We used 24 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups: control group (CG), standard vein graft group (SVG), Inside-out vein graft group (IOVG) and denervated Group (DG). SVG, IOVG and DG underwent total section of the sciatic nerve, SVG and IOVG however underwent nerve repair surgery using a graft with normal jugular vein and inside-out jugular vein, respectively. Histological analysis of the soleus and Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL), and Sciatic Functional Index were used to compare the results after 6 weeks. Results: Both grafts acted favorably in muscle recovery and improved functionality; They were similar in all parameters, however, in more points SVG achieved similar to the CG, in the other hand IOVG more times was similar to DG. Fact that makes the graft with normal vein the most viable option between the two options. Conclusion: Both types of grafts acted beneficially wherein the graft normal vein has proved to be the best option.(AU)

Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of primary muscular peripheral T cell lymphoma in a dog

Background: Canine lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasm in dogs and reveals divergent biological behaviors correlated to histopathological subtype, the immunophenotypic (T or B) and tumor stage. The multi-centric form is the most common presentation for canine lymphoma, followed by gastrointestinal and cutaneous forms. Miscellaneous forms of canine lymphoma (nasal, osseous, central nervous system and muscle) represent less than 1% of all cases. This report describes the clinical, macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings detected in a dog with a primary muscular lymphoma. Case: The subject was referred to the Emergency and Critical Care Service at the Veterinary Hospital with a history of claudication in the left pelvic limb, severe dehydration, hypovolemia, vomiting and diarrhea caused by gastroenteritis associated with the use of phenylbutazone. After death, the post-mortem examination revealed ulcerative gastritis in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histopathological examination of the GIT specimens, mesenteric lymph nodes, and the left popliteal lymph node revealed no neoplastic alterations. Histological examination of semitendinosus muscle revealed proliferation of cells with round or oval nucleus, an evident pleomorphic nucleolus and scanty, eosinophilic cytoplasm. There were five to six mitosis per each 400x field. These cells infiltrated through the muscle fibers. The muscle fibers displayed marked eosinophilic sarcoplasm, loss of striations and fragmentation (degeneration). Immunohistochemical staining revealed negative reaction for CD79a and positive for CD45 and CD3. Discussion: The primary muscle lymphoma it is very rare disease and patients commonly have clinical signs related with muscle location...

Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of primary muscular peripheral T cell lymphoma in a dog

Background: Canine lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasm in dogs and reveals divergent biological behaviors correlated to histopathological subtype, the immunophenotypic (T or B) and tumor stage. The multi-centric form is the most common presentation for canine lymphoma, followed by gastrointestinal and cutaneous forms. Miscellaneous forms of canine lymphoma (nasal, osseous, central nervous system and muscle) represent less than 1% of all cases. This report describes the clinical, macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings detected in a dog with a primary muscular lymphoma. Case: The subject was referred to the Emergency and Critical Care Service at the Veterinary Hospital with a history of claudication in the left pelvic limb, severe dehydration, hypovolemia, vomiting and diarrhea caused by gastroenteritis associated with the use of phenylbutazone. After death, the post-mortem examination revealed ulcerative gastritis in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histopathological examination of the GIT specimens, mesenteric lymph nodes, and the left popliteal lymph node revealed no neoplastic alterations. Histological examination of semitendinosus muscle revealed proliferation of cells with round or oval nucleus, an evident pleomorphic nucleolus and scanty, eosinophilic cytoplasm. There were five to six mitosis per each 400x field. These cells infiltrated through the muscle fibers. The muscle fibers displayed marked eosinophilic sarcoplasm, loss of striations and fragmentation (degeneration). Immunohistochemical staining revealed negative reaction for CD79a and positive for CD45 and CD3. Discussion: The primary muscle lymphoma it is very rare disease and patients commonly have clinical signs related with muscle location...(AU)

Fine needle aspiration cytology in feline skeletal muscle as a diagnostic tool for extramedullary plasmacytoma / Citologia aspirativa por agulha fina no músculo esquelético felino como ferramenta diagnóstica para o plasmocitoma extramedular

Extramedullary noncutaneous plasmacytoma (ENP) is a myeloproliferative disorder of plasma cells that rarely affects cats. This paper describes an ENP case revealed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the mass in the skeletal muscle of an 8-month-old, male, mixed breed cat, which had a nodule in the left hind limb. The rapid immunoassay test confirmed the presence of feline leukemia virus (FeLV). The animal necropsy macroscopically showed the nodule came from the semimembranosus muscle. Histopathological examination ratified the cytological findings. Thus, this paper alerts to the existence of plasmacytoma located in the skeletal muscle of feline species. FNAC is a quick and efficient method for diagnosis of ENP.(AU)

O plasmocitoma extramedular (PEM) não cutâneo é um distúrbio mieloproliferativo de plasmócitos que raramente acomete felinos. Este trabalho descreve um caso de PEM no músculo esquelético de um gato, macho, sem raça definida, de oito meses de idade, que apresentava um aumento de volume no membro pélvico esquerdo. A citologia aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) da massa revelou tratar-se de PEM. O teste imunoenzimático rápido confirmou a presença do vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV). Na necropsia do animal, macroscopicamente, percebeu-se que o nódulo era originário do músculo semimembranoso. O exame histopatológico ratificou os achados citológicos. Desta forma, alerta-se para a existência de plasmocitoma com localização em músculo esquelético na espécie felina, sendo a CAAF um método alternativo rápido e eficaz para o seu diagnóstico.(AU)