The in vitro effects of n-3 fatty acids on immune response regulation of bovine ex vivo endometrial explants / Os efeitos in vitro dos ácidos graxos n-3 na regulação da resposta imune de explantes endometriais bovinos ex vivo

Fatty acids are considered metabolic intermediaries, although new facts indicate they also work as signaling molecules with different roles in the immune response. Based on that, in this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and α-linolenic acid (LNA) in ex vivo bovine endometrial explants. For this, two groups were formed: (1) LPS-challenged and (2) control, both to evaluate the accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines as interleukin 1ß (IL1B) and interleukin 6 (IL6). To develop the study, bovine female reproductive tracts from non-pregnant Angus heifers without evidence of reproductive diseases were selected. Endometrial explants were processed and treated for 24 h with EPA, DHA, and LNA in five different concentrations (0µM, 50µM, 100 µM, 200µM and 400 µM) and then, challenged with LPS for 24 h. Supernatants were collected to evaluate the concentration of IL1B and IL6 by ELISA. Explants treated with EPA from control groups reduced the concentrations of ILB (200µM) and IL6 (400 µM), and IL6 (50 µM; 100 µM) from the LPS-challenged group. DHA decreased the accumulation of IL1B and IL6 at 200 µM on explants from the LPS-challenged group, and 200 µM reduced IL6 from the control group. In contrast, explants treated with LNA only reduced the accumulation of IL1B to 400µM (from both groups). In conclusion, the EPA acid is the best anti-inflammatory option to decrease the concentration of both pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1B and IL6) from LPS-challenged and control groups in bovine endometrial explants; while LNA evidence to be the last option to promote an anti-inflammatory response.(AU)

Os ácidos graxos são considerados intermediários metabólicos, embora novos fatos indiquem que eles também atuem como moléculas sinalizadoras com diferentes papéis na resposta imune. Dessa forma, este estudo investigou os efeitos anti-inflamatórios de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados n-3 (PUFAs) como ácido eicosapentaenóico (EPA), ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA) e ácido α-linolênico (LNA) em explantes endometriais ex vivo de bovinos. Para tal, o experimento foi divido em dois grupos: (1) Desafiado-LPS e (2) Controle, para que então pudesse avaliar o acúmulo de citocinas pró-inflamatórias como interleucina 1ß (IL1B) e interleucina 6 (IL6). Foram selecionados tratos reprodutivos de fêmeas bovinas de novilhas Angus não prenhes sem evidência de doenças reprodutivas. Explantes endometriais foram processados e tratados por 24h com EPA, DHA e LNA em cinco concentrações diferentes (0µM, 50µM, 100 µM, 200µM e 400 µM) e, em seguida, desafiados com LPS por mais 24h. Os sobrenadantes foram colhidos para avaliar a concentração de IL1B e IL6 pelo teste de ELISA. Os explantes tratados com EPA dos grupos de controle reduziram as concentrações de ILB (200 µM) e IL6 (400 µM) e no grupo desafiado com LPS houve redução das concentrações de IL6 (50 µM; 100 µM). Nos explantes do grupo desafiado com LPS, o DHA diminuiu o acúmulo de IL1B e IL6 nas concentrações de 200 µM, e no grupo controle reduziu IL6 nas concentrações de 200 µM, enquanto os explantes tratados com LNA reduziram apenas o acúmulo de IL1B a 400 µM (de ambos os grupos). Em conclusão, o ácido EPA provou ser a melhor opção anti-inflamatória para diminuir a concentração de ambas as citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL1B e IL6) de grupos desafiados com LPS e controle em explantes endometriais bovinos; enquanto o LNA evidencia ser a opção menos viável para promover uma resposta anti-inflamatória.(AU)

Efeitos da melatonina exógena na viabilidade embrionária e no ambiente uterino de ovelhas / Effects of exogenous melatonin on embryo viability and uterine environment of ewes

O objetivo deste artigo é revisar o efeito da melatonina na viabilidade embrionária e ambiente uterino em ovinos, tanto in vivo quanto in vitro, considerando as vias pelas quais esse hormônio pode ter influência no embrião ou o mecanismo de reconhecimento materno e estabelecimento de gravidez em ovelhas.(AU)

The aim of this article is to review the effect of melatonin on embryo viability and uterine environment in sheep, both in vivo and in vitro, considering the pathways by which this hormone could have influences at the embryo or the mechanism of maternal recognition and establishment of pregnancy in sheep.(AU)

Taxa de recuperação embrionária em éguas Mangalarga Marchador inseminadas com sêmen refrigerado / Embryonic recovery rate in Mangalarga Marchador mares inseminated with refrigerated semen

O acompanhamento reprodutivo da espécie equina tem sido cada vez mais aplicado na aplicade de diversos países, resultando em melhores índices reprodutivos para a espécie e em animais de linhagens selecionadas. Nos programas de transferência de embrião, a taxa de recuperação embrionária consiste em um parâmetro essencial a fim de verificar o sucesso da técnica. Por conseguinte, este trabalho propõe-se a avaliar as taxas de recuperação embrionária de éguas doadoras submetidas à inseminação artificial com sêmen refrigerado de maneira a complementar os dados relacionados ao assunto. Conforme os dados coletados durante a estação de monta de agosto de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019, obteve-se 129 lavados uterinos provenientes de 20 éguas e 83 embriões recuperados. Desse modo, a taxa de recuperação embrionária obtida foi de 64,34%. Diante dos dados apresentados neste estudo, conclui-se que a aplicabilidade da técnica de recuperação embrionária visando o uso do sêmen refrigerado na inseminação artificial de éguas se mostra promissora, pois permite o transporte de material genético de alto valor entre propriedades sem interferir drasticamente nos índices dos programas de reprodução.

The reproductive monitoring of the equine species has been increasingly applied in several countries, resulting in better reproductive rates for the species and in animals from selected strains. In embryo transfer programs, the embryo recovery rate is an essential parameter to verify the technique success. Therefore, the present work proposes to evaluate the embryo recovery rates of donor mares submitted to artificial insemination with refrigerated semen to complement the data related to the subject. According to the data collected during the breeding season for the period from August 2018 to February 2019, 129 uterine washes were obtained from 20 mares and 83 recovered embryos. Thus, the embryonic recovery rate obtained was 64.34%. Given the data presented in this study, it is concluded that the applicability of the embryonic recovery technique aiming at the use of refrigerated semen in artificial insemination of mares is promising, as it allows the transport of high-value genetic material between properties without interfering dramatically in breeding program indexes.

Utilização da ozonioterapia como tratamento da endometrite em égua / Use of ozone therapy as endometritis treatment in mare

Conformações perineais inadequadas estão frequentemente associadas à pneumovagina, predispondo animais a processos inflamatórios vaginais e uterinos. Dentre as patologias reprodutivas que acometem éguas, a endometrite é a que ocorre com maior frequência, com forte impacto negativo sobre os índices reprodutivos de um criatório. Para essa afecção, a ozonioterapia se apresenta como tratamento em potencial. Assim, este estudo objetiva relatar um caso de endometrite em égua Quarto de Milha, multípara, de 17 anos de idade, atendida no Hospital Veterinário Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso, da Universidade Estadual de Ceará. Durante a avaliação ginecológica, observou-se alterações na conformação vulvar e teste de Windsucker positivo, indicando pneumovagina. Foram coletadas amostras endometriais para exames laboratoriais, os quais apresentaram citologia com contagem de neutrófilos polimorfonucleares ≥30% e cultura negativa para fungos e bactérias. O exame histopatológico revelou fibrose intersticial endometrial crônica acentuada. Diante do diagnóstico de endometrite, iniciou-se o tratamento com lavagem uterina usando solução ringer lactato ozonizada, seguido por insuflação uterina com ozônio. O animal foi submetido à técnica cirúrgica de Caslick para correção da má conformação vulvar. Após o tratamento, a égua foi inseminada, resultando na coleta de dois embriões viáveis. Diante do exposto, o caso reforça a efetividade da ozonioterapia associada à Caslick para o tratamento de endometrite em éguas.

Dysfunctional perineal conformations are often associated with pneumovagina, predisposing animals to vaginal and uterine inflammatory processes. Among the reproductive pathologies that affect mares, endometritis is the most frequent, with a strong negative impact on the reproductive indices of a farm. For this condition, ozone therapy presents itself as a potential treatment. The study aimed to report a case of endometritis in a 17-year-old multiparous quarter-mile mare, which was attended at the Veterinary Hospital Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso located in the State University of Ceará. During the gynecological evaluation, changes in vulvar conformation and a positive Windsucker test were observed, indicating pneumovagina. Endometrial samples were collected for laboratory exams, resulting in cytology with polymorphonuclear neutrophil count ≥30% and negative culture for fungi and bacteria. The histopathological examination revealed severe chronic endometrial interstitial fibrosis. Regarding the diagnosis of endometritis, the treatment with uterine lavage using ozonated ringer lactate solution was initiated followed by uterine insufflation with ozone. The animal was submitted to Caslick's surgical technique to correct the vulvar malformation. After treatment, the mare was inseminated, resulting in the collection of two viable embryos. In view of the above, the case reinforces the effectiveness of ozone therapy associated with Caslick`s technique for endometritis treatment in mares.

Trato sinusal por reação ao fio de algodão em ovariohisterectomia de cadela / Sinusal tract due to cotton yarn reaction in canine ovariohysterectomy / Tracto sinusal por reacción del hilo de algodón en ovario histerectomía de perra

A castração em fêmeas pode ser feita pela ovariectomia (retirada dos ovários), ou ovariohisterectomia (retirada dos ovários e do útero). Essa última técnica é a mais recomendada em cães e gatos, devido à prevenção de afecções que podem ocorrer posteriormente no útero. Dentre essas complicações pode-se encontrar sangramento por ligadura mal feita em coto, hidroureter, hidronefrose, piometra de coto, formação de tratos sinusais, aderência, obstrução crônica, incontinência urinária, retenção abdominal de compressas cirúrgicas, transcecção de parte do ureter e ovário remanescente. Em cadelas castradas, a causa mais comum da formação de tratos sinusais é a presença de reação tecidual ao redor do fio de sutura. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar um caso de uma cadela sem raça definida, 8,7 kg, seis anos, que deu entrada no Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba, MG com queixa principal a presença de ferida no flanco direito sendo tratada há nove meses, porém sem sucesso. Já haviam feito uso de vários antibióticos sistêmicos e antinflamatorios esteroidais e não esteroidais. Diante do caso observado, foram realizados exames laboratoriais e de imagem. Perante o resultado do exame de imagem, a principal suspeita foi a formação de trato sinusal com comunicação com a cavidade abdominal devido a uma reação ao fio de algodão utilizado na ovariohisterectomia.(AU)

Female animals can be castrated by ovariectomy (removal of the ovaries), or ovariohysterectomy (removal of the ovaries and uterus). The latter is the most recommended in dogs and cats due to the prevention of conditions that may subsequently occur in the uterus. Among these complications, one can find bleeding by poor ligation in the stump, hydroureter, hydronephrosis, stump pyometra, formation of sinus tracts, adherence, chronic obstruction, urinary incontinence, abdominal retention of surgical compresses, transection of part of the ureter and remaining ovary. In castrated bitches, the most common cause of the formation of sinus tracts is the presence of tissue reaction around the suture thread. This study aimed at reporting a case of a mixed breed, six-year-old dog, 8.7 kg that was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba with the main complaint of the presence of a wound on the right flank being unsuccessfully treated for nine months. Several systemic antibiotics and steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had already been used. In view of the observed case, laboratory and imaging exams were performed. In view of the result of the imaging examination, the main suspicion was the formation of a sinus tract with communication to the abdominal cavity due to a reaction to the cotton thread used in the ovariohysterectomy.(AU)

La castración en hembras se puede realizar mediante ovariectomía (extirpación de los ovarios) u ovario histerectomía (extirpación de los ovarios y del útero). Esa última técnica es la más recomendada en perros y gatos, debido a la prevención de afecciones que pueden presentarse posteriormente en el útero. Entre estas complicaciones se puede encontrar hemorragias por ligadura mal realizada en muñón, hidruréter, hidronefrosis, piometra de muñón, formación de tractos sinusales, adherencia, obstrucción crónica, incontinencia urinaria, retención abdominal de compresas quirúrgicas, transección de parte del uréter y ovario remanente. En las perras castradas, la causa más común de formación de trayectos sinusales es la presencia de reacción tisular alrededor del hilo de sutura. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo reportar el caso de una perra sin raza definida, de 8,7 kg, de seis años de edad, que ingresó en el Hospital Veterinario de Uberaba, MG con el principal síntoma de presencia de una herida en el flanco derecho siendo tratada durante nueve meses, pero sin éxito. Ya habían usado varios antibióticos sistémicos y medicamentos antiinflamatorios esteroides y no esteroides. A la vista del caso observado, se realizaron exámenes de laboratorio y de imagen. A la vista del resultado del examen de imagen, la principal sospecha fue la formación de un tracto sinusal con comunicación con la cavidad abdominal debido a una reacción al hilo de algodón utilizado en el ovario histerectomía.(AU)

Leishmania infantum in the reproductive organs of dogs / Leishmania infantum em órgãos reprodutivos de cães

Leishmania infantum causes canine leishmaniasis. Using parasitological and molecular analyses, we identified L. infantum in the reproductive organs of male and female dogs. Using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and PCR, we examined tissue samples from the reproductive organs of 8 male dogs and 16 female dogs diagnosed with leishmaniasis. Despite the absence of macroscopic or microscopic lesions in these organs, we observed L. infantum amastigotes in tissue samples from the testis and the uterus. PCR and sequencing of these tissues revealed sequences that matched 100% with L. infantum DNA available at GenBank. The presence of L. infantum amastigotes and DNA in testicular and uterine tissue samples suggested that these organs can harbor the parasite without associated macroscopic or microscopic lesions, and this can be especially important in the vertical and venereal transmission of leishmaniasis in dogs.

Leishmania infantum é agente etiológico da leishmaniose canina. Por meio de análises parasitológicas e moleculares, a presença do parasita foi investigada em órgãos reprodutivos de cães machos e fêmeas. Amostras de tecidos dos órgãos reprodutivos de 8 cães machos e 16 fêmeas diagnosticados com leishmaniose foram avaliadas por histoquímica, imunohistoquímica e PCR. Apesar de não terem sido observadas lesões macroscópicas ou microscópicas nos órgãos reprodutivos desses cães, formas amastigotas de L. infantum foram observadas em amostras teciduais do testículo e útero. A PCR e o sequenciamento do DNA extraído desses tecidos revelaram sequências 100% idênticas a L. infantum depositadas no GenBank. Nossos resultados sugerem que os testículos e o útero podem abrigar o parasita, sem associação com lesões macroscópicas ou microscópicas, o que pode ter uma grande importância na transmissão venérea e vertical da leishmaniose entre cães.

Histeropexia com aplicação de "toggles" para tratamento de piometra em mini horse / Pyometra treatment by histeropexy with toggles aplication in mini horse

Background: Brazil is an important horse breeder that creates about three million jobs and movements about R$16,15 billions per year. Although, it is important to the horse breeding industry success that the animals reproductive performance be kept. The mare pregnancy loss causes abundant forfeitures to horse breeders, furthermore, the chronic pyometra is one of that causes. The chronic pyometra is an uncommon mare condition, clinical treatments are often ineffective, under those circumstances the hysterectomy, ovariohysterectomy and uteropexy are recommended. This report proposes to describe the chronic pyometra surgical treatments with the uteropexy technique in mini horses that do not respond to the clinical treatment. Case: A 14-year-old mini breed horse mare weighing 117 kg was sent to Veterinarian Hospital (HV) of the Paraná Federal University (UFPR), presenting dystocia background and intrauterine purulent secretion. The clinical treatment had been conducted, but not well succeeded. An hysteroscopy was conducted with a cervix rupture monitoring, uterine mucosa edematiated and crispy, presenting liquid and a high amount of purulent secretion in the uterus horn and body. The biopsy identified uteropexy. The post-surgical complications were minimums and 30 days after the procedure the laparoscopy was repeated with uterine healing monitoring, without adherences and the uterus were at horizontal position. The hysteroscopy was conducted where a small amount of purulent secretion was perceived. Ten days after the second laparoscopy the patient was discharged. Two years after the procedure, the animal responsible informed that there was not a relapse. Discussion: the mare pyometra occurrence is uncommon and emerges by nature protection false mechanisms. Any change or flaw in one of these protection mechanics barriers, may result in a reproductive change due to uterine infection, resulting in reduction of mare reproductive capacity. Probably this reports patients developed pyometra due to the cervix lesion it's presented made easier the uterus external microorganisms entrance, that predisposes an chronic uterine infection. As many authors report, the chronic pyometra clinical treatment is not always successful, also observed in the case reported, indicating then surgical treatment. There are many pyometra surgical treatments indications as: Wedge resection technique in case of cervix adherence, uteropexy technique, ovary-hysterectomy technique or hysterectomy. The ovary-hysterectomy and the hysterectomy was not conducted for being considered highly invasive. This case choice procedure was the uteropexy, which corresponds to fixing the broad ligament of the uterus to the abdominal wall, repositioning it horizontally, to obtain a better drainage and motility, since this is your anatomic position. In the report, the surgical technique was conducted satisfactorily, certifying the uterine elevation by laparoscopy in the postoperative and also by the responsible report, that the animal does not relapse in two years. The postoperative complications were not alarming, considering that it ceased 24h after the procedure. The conclusions present in this treatment show that the hysteropexy conducted by videosurgery with toggles application developed the necessary uterine elevation to the liquid drainage, that allows the mare to execute the uterine cleaning by the physiological form.(AU)

Leishmania infantum in the reproductive organs of dogs / Leishmania infantum em órgãos reprodutivos de cães

ABSTRACT: Leishmania infantum causes canine leishmaniasis. Using parasitological and molecular analyses, we identified L. infantum in the reproductive organs of male and female dogs. Using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and PCR, we examined tissue samples from the reproductive organs of 8 male dogs and 16 female dogs diagnosed with leishmaniasis. Despite the absence of macroscopic or microscopic lesions in these organs, we observed L. infantum amastigotes in tissue samples from the testis and the uterus. PCR and sequencing of these tissues revealed sequences that matched 100% with L. infantum DNA available at GenBank. The presence of L. infantum amastigotes and DNA in testicular and uterine tissue samples suggested that these organs can harbor the parasite without associated macroscopic or microscopic lesions, and this can be especially important in the vertical and venereal transmission of leishmaniasis in dogs.

RESUMO: Leishmania infantum é agente etiológico da leishmaniose canina. Por meio de análises parasitológicas e moleculares, a presença do parasita foi investigada em órgãos reprodutivos de cães machos e fêmeas. Amostras de tecidos dos órgãos reprodutivos de 8 cães machos e 16 fêmeas diagnosticados com leishmaniose foram avaliadas por histoquímica, imunohistoquímica e PCR. Apesar de não terem sido observadas lesões macroscópicas ou microscópicas nos órgãos reprodutivos desses cães, formas amastigotas de L. infantum foram observadas em amostras teciduais do testículo e útero. A PCR e o sequenciamento do DNA extraído desses tecidos revelaram sequências 100% idênticas a L. infantum depositadas no GenBank. Nossos resultados sugerem que os testículos e o útero podem abrigar o parasita, sem associação com lesões macroscópicas ou microscópicas, o que pode ter uma grande importância na transmissão venérea e vertical da leishmaniose entre cães.

Leishmania infantum in the reproductive organs of dogs / Leishmania infantum em órgãos reprodutivos de cães

Leishmania infantum causes canine leishmaniasis. Using parasitological and molecular analyses, we identified L. infantum in the reproductive organs of male and female dogs. Using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and PCR, we examined tissue samples from the reproductive organs of 8 male dogs and 16 female dogs diagnosed with leishmaniasis. Despite the absence of macroscopic or microscopic lesions in these organs, we observed L. infantum amastigotes in tissue samples from the testis and the uterus. PCR and sequencing of these tissues revealed sequences that matched 100% with L. infantum DNA available at GenBank. The presence of L. infantum amastigotes and DNA in testicular and uterine tissue samples suggested that these organs can harbor the parasite without associated macroscopic or microscopic lesions, and this can be especially important in the vertical and venereal transmission of leishmaniasis in dogs.(AU)

Leishmania infantum é agente etiológico da leishmaniose canina. Por meio de análises parasitológicas e moleculares, a presença do parasita foi investigada em órgãos reprodutivos de cães machos e fêmeas. Amostras de tecidos dos órgãos reprodutivos de 8 cães machos e 16 fêmeas diagnosticados com leishmaniose foram avaliadas por histoquímica, imunohistoquímica e PCR. Apesar de não terem sido observadas lesões macroscópicas ou microscópicas nos órgãos reprodutivos desses cães, formas amastigotas de L. infantum foram observadas em amostras teciduais do testículo e útero. A PCR e o sequenciamento do DNA extraído desses tecidos revelaram sequências 100% idênticas a L. infantum depositadas no GenBank. Nossos resultados sugerem que os testículos e o útero podem abrigar o parasita, sem associação com lesões macroscópicas ou microscópicas, o que pode ter uma grande importância na transmissão venérea e vertical da leishmaniose entre cães.(AU)

Uterine segmental aplasia in sheep / Aplasia segmentar uterina em ovelhas

The complete absence of one of the uterine horns, named segmental uterine aplasia or unicorn uterus, occurs due to deficiency in the development of segments of the paramesonephric or Mullerian ducts. It is a congenital or hereditary anomaly of the female reproductive tract caused by recessive genes, which occurrence is unusual. In cows, this malformation was initially called “white heifer disease”, comprising an alteration in the Mullerian ducts in association with the white skin gene that causes aplasia of the uterus, cervix and vagina. Two pieces of sheep reproductive system from a slaughterhouse under federal inspection in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were received for pathological diagnosis. The collection, dissection and macroscopic analysis were carried out. In the macroscopic evaluation, uterine segmental aplasia was identified in both cases, with complete absence of the left uterine horns. Both had agenesis of the uterine tubes associated with the absence of internal bifurcation of the uterine horns. Animals that have a unicorn uterus often have reduced fertility which consequently leads to losses to sheep farming.

A ausência completa de um dos cornos uterinos, denominada aplasia uterina segmentar ou útero unicorno, ocorre por deficiência no desenvolvimento de segmentos dos ductos paramesonéfricos ou Mullerianos. É uma anomalia congênita ou hereditária do trato reprodutor da fêmea causada por genes recessivos, é incomum a ocorrência. Em vacas, essa malforma-ção foi denominada inicialmente como “white heifers desease” ou doenças das novilhas brancas, é uma alteração dos ductos Mullerianos em associação com o gene da pele branca que provoca aplasia de útero, colo uterino e vagina. Foi recebido duas peças de sistema reprodutor de ovelhas provenientes de abatedouro frigorífico sob inspeção federal no estado da Bahia, Brasil para diagnóstico patológico. Procedeu-se a coleta, dissecação e análise macroscópica. Na avaliação macroscópica, identificou--se nos dois casos aplasia segmentar uterina, com ausência completa dos cornos uterinos esquerdo. Ambos apresentavam age-nesia das tubas uterinas associada a ausência de bifurcação interna dos cornos uterinos. Animais que possuem um útero uni-corno frequentemente possuem redução da fertilidade e consequentemente podem causar perdas à ovinocultura brasileira.

Canine pyometra: interferences of age and type in blood count and serum biochemistry / Piometra canina: interferências da idade e tipo sobre o hemograma e a bioquímica sérica

Hematological and serum biochemical characteristics and prevalence of microorganisms in the uterine content of bitches with pyometra were described, according to type and age. This study was carried out at the Veterinary Medicine Hospital Renato Rodenburg de Medeiros Netto of the UFBA with 132 patients diagnosed with pyometra through imaging and laboratory tests, divided into two groups: Group 1 - less than eight years (n=72) and Group 2 - more than eight years (n=60). Both groups were submitted to Ovariohysterectomy (OH), in which blood and uterine lumen secretion samples were collected. The highest incidence of pyometra was found in bitches under 8 years (54.5%), Poodle breed (31.8%) and mixed-breed (27.3%). Open pyometra represented 80.3% of all cases. The death rate (6.0%) did not show significant difference between the types. Anemia (73.0%), thrombocytopenia (41.2%) and leukocytosis (77.0%) were observed. Urea and ALP were above the reference values in 41.8% and 52.2% of each group, respectively, while ALT (94.0%) and creatine (82%) remained normal in most animals. Serum biochemistry did not show significant differences (P<0.05). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. grew in 33.3% and 16.7% of the samples, respectively. Therefore, no significant hematological and serum biochemical differences were observed in bitches with pyometra in both age categories.

Descreveu-se características hematológicas, bioquímicas séricas e prevalência de microrganismos no conteúdo uterino de cadelas com piometra, de acordo com o tipo e idade. Realizou-se este estudo no Hospital de Medicina Veterinária Renato Rodenburg de Medeiros Netto da UFBA com 132 pacientes diagnosticadas com piometra, por exames de imagem e laboratoriais, divididas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 ­ menos de oito anos (n=72) e Grupo 2 ­ mais de oito anos (n=60), submetidas a Ovariectomia (OH), quando se coletou amostras de sangue e secreção do lúmen uterino. A incidência maior deu-se em cadelas abaixo de 8 anos (54,5%), da raça Poodle (31,8%) e sem raça definida (SRD) (27,3%), sendo 80,3% de piometra aberta. A taxa de óbito (6,0%) não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tipos. Observou-se a ocorrência de anemia (73,0%), trombocitopenia (41,2%) e leucocitose (77,0%). Os valores de ureia e FA estiveram acima dos valores de referência em 41,8% e 52,2% das cadelas respectivamente, enquanto a ALT (94,0%) e a creatina (82%) mantiveram-se dentro dos valores de referência na maioria dos animais. A bioquímica sérica não apresentou diferenças significativas (P<0,05). Observou-se crescimento de Escherichia coli e Klebsiella sp. em 33,3% e 16,7% das amostras, respectivamente. Sendo assim, não se observou diferenças significativas hematológicas e na bioquímica sérica de cadelas com piometra nas categorias de idade.

Uterine segmental aplasia in sheep / Aplasia segmentar uterina em ovelhas

The complete absence of one of the uterine horns, named segmental uterine aplasia or unicorn uterus, occurs due to deficiency in the development of segments of the paramesonephric or Mullerian ducts. It is a congenital or hereditary anomaly of the female reproductive tract caused by recessive genes, which occurrence is unusual. In cows, this malformation was initially called “white heifer disease”, comprising an alteration in the Mullerian ducts in association with the white skin gene that causes aplasia of the uterus, cervix and vagina. Two pieces of sheep reproductive system from a slaughterhouse under federal inspection in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were received for pathological diagnosis. The collection, dissection and macroscopic analysis were carried out. In the macroscopic evaluation, uterine segmental aplasia was identified in both cases, with complete absence of the left uterine horns. Both had agenesis of the uterine tubes associated with the absence of internal bifurcation of the uterine horns. Animals that have a unicorn uterus often have reduced fertility which consequently leads to losses to sheep farming.(AU)

A ausência completa de um dos cornos uterinos, denominada aplasia uterina segmentar ou útero unicorno, ocorre por deficiência no desenvolvimento de segmentos dos ductos paramesonéfricos ou Mullerianos. É uma anomalia congênita ou hereditária do trato reprodutor da fêmea causada por genes recessivos, é incomum a ocorrência. Em vacas, essa malforma-ção foi denominada inicialmente como “white heifers desease” ou doenças das novilhas brancas, é uma alteração dos ductos Mullerianos em associação com o gene da pele branca que provoca aplasia de útero, colo uterino e vagina. Foi recebido duas peças de sistema reprodutor de ovelhas provenientes de abatedouro frigorífico sob inspeção federal no estado da Bahia, Brasil para diagnóstico patológico. Procedeu-se a coleta, dissecação e análise macroscópica. Na avaliação macroscópica, identificou--se nos dois casos aplasia segmentar uterina, com ausência completa dos cornos uterinos esquerdo. Ambos apresentavam age-nesia das tubas uterinas associada a ausência de bifurcação interna dos cornos uterinos. Animais que possuem um útero uni-corno frequentemente possuem redução da fertilidade e consequentemente podem causar perdas à ovinocultura brasileira.(AU)

Canine pyometra: interferences of age and type in blood count and serum biochemistry / Piometra canina: interferências da idade e tipo sobre o hemograma e a bioquímica sérica

Hematological and serum biochemical characteristics and prevalence of microorganisms in the uterine content of bitches with pyometra were described, according to type and age. This study was carried out at the Veterinary Medicine Hospital Renato Rodenburg de Medeiros Netto of the UFBA with 132 patients diagnosed with pyometra through imaging and laboratory tests, divided into two groups: Group 1 - less than eight years (n=72) and Group 2 - more than eight years (n=60). Both groups were submitted to Ovariohysterectomy (OH), in which blood and uterine lumen secretion samples were collected. The highest incidence of pyometra was found in bitches under 8 years (54.5%), Poodle breed (31.8%) and mixed-breed (27.3%). Open pyometra represented 80.3% of all cases. The death rate (6.0%) did not show significant difference between the types. Anemia (73.0%), thrombocytopenia (41.2%) and leukocytosis (77.0%) were observed. Urea and ALP were above the reference values in 41.8% and 52.2% of each group, respectively, while ALT (94.0%) and creatine (82%) remained normal in most animals. Serum biochemistry did not show significant differences (P<0.05). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. grew in 33.3% and 16.7% of the samples, respectively. Therefore, no significant hematological and serum biochemical differences were observed in bitches with pyometra in both age categories.(AU)

Descreveu-se características hematológicas, bioquímicas séricas e prevalência de microrganismos no conteúdo uterino de cadelas com piometra, de acordo com o tipo e idade. Realizou-se este estudo no Hospital de Medicina Veterinária Renato Rodenburg de Medeiros Netto da UFBA com 132 pacientes diagnosticadas com piometra, por exames de imagem e laboratoriais, divididas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 menos de oito anos (n=72) e Grupo 2 mais de oito anos (n=60), submetidas a Ovariectomia (OH), quando se coletou amostras de sangue e secreção do lúmen uterino. A incidência maior deu-se em cadelas abaixo de 8 anos (54,5%), da raça Poodle (31,8%) e sem raça definida (SRD) (27,3%), sendo 80,3% de piometra aberta. A taxa de óbito (6,0%) não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tipos. Observou-se a ocorrência de anemia (73,0%), trombocitopenia (41,2%) e leucocitose (77,0%). Os valores de ureia e FA estiveram acima dos valores de referência em 41,8% e 52,2% das cadelas respectivamente, enquanto a ALT (94,0%) e a creatina (82%) mantiveram-se dentro dos valores de referência na maioria dos animais. A bioquímica sérica não apresentou diferenças significativas (P<0,05). Observou-se crescimento de Escherichia coli e Klebsiella sp. em 33,3% e 16,7% das amostras, respectivamente. Sendo assim, não se observou diferenças significativas hematológicas e na bioquímica sérica de cadelas com piometra nas categorias de idade.(AU)

Canine pyometra: interferences of age and type in blood count and serum biochemistry / Piometra canina: interferências da idade e tipo sobre o hemograma e a bioquímica sérica

Hematological and serum biochemical characteristics and prevalence of microorganisms in the uterine content of bitches with pyometra were described, according to type and age. This study was carried out at the Veterinary Medicine Hospital Renato Rodenburg de Medeiros Netto of the UFBA with 132 patients diagnosed with pyometra through imaging and laboratory tests, divided into two groups: Group 1 - less than eight years (n=72) and Group 2 - more than eight years (n=60). Both groups were submitted to Ovariohysterectomy (OH), in which blood and uterine lumen secretion samples were collected. The highest incidence of pyometra was found in bitches under 8 years (54.5%), Poodle breed (31.8%) and mixed-breed (27.3%). Open pyometra represented 80.3% of all cases. The death rate (6.0%) did not show significant difference between the types. Anemia (73.0%), thrombocytopenia (41.2%) and leukocytosis (77.0%) were observed. Urea and ALP were above the reference values in 41.8% and 52.2% of each group, respectively, while ALT (94.0%) and creatine (82%) remained normal in most animals. Serum biochemistry did not show significant differences (P<0.05). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. grew in 33.3% and 16.7% of the samples, respectively. Therefore, no significant hematological and serum biochemical differences were observed in bitches with pyometra in both age categories.

Descreveu-se características hematológicas, bioquímicas séricas e prevalência de microrganismos no conteúdo uterino de cadelas com piometra, de acordo com o tipo e idade. Realizou-se este estudo no Hospital de Medicina Veterinária Renato Rodenburg de Medeiros Netto da UFBA com 132 pacientes diagnosticadas com piometra, por exames de imagem e laboratoriais, divididas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 – menos de oito anos (n=72) e Grupo 2 – mais de oito anos (n=60), submetidas a Ovariectomia (OH), quando se coletou amostras de sangue e secreção do lúmen uterino. A incidência maior deu-se em cadelas abaixo de 8 anos (54,5%), da raça Poodle (31,8%) e sem raça definida (SRD) (27,3%), sendo 80,3% de piometra aberta. A taxa de óbito (6,0%) não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tipos. Observou-se a ocorrência de anemia (73,0%), trombocitopenia (41,2%) e leucocitose (77,0%). Os valores de ureia e FA estiveram acima dos valores de referência em 41,8% e 52,2% das cadelas respectivamente, enquanto a ALT (94,0%) e a creatina (82%) mantiveram-se dentro dos valores de referência na maioria dos animais. A bioquímica sérica não apresentou diferenças significativas (P<0,05). Observou-se crescimento de Escherichia coli e Klebsiella sp. em 33,3% e 16,7% das amostras, respectivamente. Sendo assim, não se observou diferenças significativas hematológicas e na bioquímica sérica de cadelas com piometra nas categorias de idade.

Ultrasound evaluation of female reproductive system in free ranging Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): case report / Avaliação ultrassonográfica do sistema reprodutor feminino em tamanduá-bandeira de vida livre (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): relato de caso

An adult, female, 31kg body weight, free range Myrmecophaga tridactyla was referred for medical consultation due to apathy, dehydration, intense flatulence and fetid stools. The animal was submitted to chemical restraint and physical examination, blood count, fecal analysis, and vaginal cytology and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. Good nutritional status and clinical variables within the normal range were observed at physical examination. At vaginal cytology leukocytes, spermatozoa and a large proportion of cornified cells (superficial) were observed, indicating estrus and recent copula. At ultrasound examination it was possible to locate, identify, evaluate and measure the ovaries and the uterine structures, cervix, body, lumen, myometrium and endometrium, a fact never reported in the literature for this species. These data can be used as reference for clinical evaluation of the reproductive tract in Myrmecophaga tridactyla females considered vulnerable species, for the diagnosis of reproductive pathologies, biotechnologies application or estrous cycle evaluation.(AU)

Uma fêmea, com 31kg de peso corporal, de Myrmecophaga tridactyla, de vida livre, foi apresentada para consulta médica em razão de apatia, desidratação, flatulência intensa e fezes fétidas. O animal foi submetido à contenção química e foram realizados exame físico, hemograma, análise fecal, citologia vaginal e ultrassonografia abdominal. Ao exame físico, foi determinado bom estado nutricional e variáveis clínicas dentro da faixa de normalidade. Na citologia vaginal, foram observados leucócitos, espermatozoides e uma grande proporção de células cornificadas (superficiais), indicando estro e cópula recente. No exame ultrassonográfico, foi possível localizar, identificar, avaliar e mensurar os ovários e as estruturas uterinas, o colo do útero, o corpo do útero, o lúmen, o miométrio e o endométrio, fato nunca relatado na literatura para essa espécie. Esses dados podem ser utilizados como referência para avaliação clínica do trato reprodutivo de fêmeas de Myrmecophaga tridactyla considerada espécie vulnerável, para o diagnóstico de patologias reprodutivas, aplicação de biotecnologias ou avaliação do ciclo estral.(AU)

Ovários policisticos epidermóides e hipoplasia uterina em uma vaca bovina / Epidermoid polycystic ovaries and uterine hypoplasia in a cow

Background: Ovarian cysts originate from mature follicles that do not ovulate within the predicted time according to the oestrous cycle. Dermoid cysts are structures lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, without adjacent epidermal structures, filled by keratinic debris and amorphous proteinaceus material. They are small, located below the cortex, near the hilus. There is controversy regarding the teratogenicity of the dermoid cyst. Some authors use the nomenclature of benign cystic ovarian teratoma, others, reports that although the fibrous wall and histological features are similar to teratomas, it is not associated with this germ cell-derived neoplasia. Case: Ovaries and uterus were received from a female, adult bovine, Nelore, from a slaughterhouse. The left ovary measured 6.5x5.0x3.9 cm and weighed 80 g; the right ovary measured 5.7x3.7x3.0 cm and weighed 60 g. Grossly, the ovaries were similar, presenting floating consistency, multilobulated and pointed aspect, and at the cut surface, there was extravasation of mucopurulent content of whitish colour. Regarding to the uterus, macroscopically, the uterine horns were infantile and decrease in the diameter. Fragments of the tissues were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological examination and the staining of the slides was done with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopically, in the ovaries, it was observed rare vestigial elements of ovary identifying an atresic follicle. Polycystic formation with cysts exhibiting partial or total coating of a keratinized squamous epithelium was also observed. In the lumen abundant keratinous material was present. The uterine microscopy revealed compact endometrium with areas variably infiltrated by lymphocytes, plasmocytes and occasional neutrophils. Areas devoid of endometrial glands were observed

Hérnia perineal em canina fêmea / Perineal hernia in a bitch

Background: Perineal hernia is characterized by the displacement of abdominal organs to the perineal region after ruptureor weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles. This condition is common among middle-aged and elderly unneuteredmale dogs. Considering the severity of the condition and its rarity among bitches, this paper reports on a case of perinealhernia caused by hydrometra in a 12-year-old pinscher bitch.Case: The patient was a 12-year-old Pinscher bitch, weighing 3 kg, suffering from anuria and constipation in the 36 hprior to treatment, without reported trauma. She was unspayed, and her last estrus had occurred approximately thirty dayspreviously. The physical examination revealed an increase in volume in the right perineal region, increased volume in theleft inguinal region, increased body temperature (39.8ºC), pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominalpain and increased popliteal lymph nodes. The diagnosis was determined based on her medical history, clinical signs andan ultrasound scan, which revealed dilated uterine horns displaced unilaterally in the left inguinal region, with evidence ofhydrometra, full urinary bladder inside the hernia sac in the right dorsolateral perineal region and right kidney pyelectasis.After evaluating the animal’s physical condition, surgery was recommended, involving ovariohysterectomy associatedwith inguinal and perineal herniorrhaphy.Discussion: Perineal hernia, a common condition in male dogs, is characterized by the displacement of organs towardsthe perineal region. However, in this case, this condition occurred in female dog. Unlike males, the main causes of perineal hernia in females are trauma, chronic coughing related to heart disease, bronchitis, and tracheal collapse. Increasedintra-abdominal pressure associated with a weak pelvic diaphragm predisposes for herniation of abdominal contents,such as occurred through hydrometra. In this case...

Hérnia perineal em canina fêmea / Perineal hernia in a bitch

Background: Perineal hernia is characterized by the displacement of abdominal organs to the perineal region after ruptureor weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles. This condition is common among middle-aged and elderly unneuteredmale dogs. Considering the severity of the condition and its rarity among bitches, this paper reports on a case of perinealhernia caused by hydrometra in a 12-year-old pinscher bitch.Case: The patient was a 12-year-old Pinscher bitch, weighing 3 kg, suffering from anuria and constipation in the 36 hprior to treatment, without reported trauma. She was unspayed, and her last estrus had occurred approximately thirty dayspreviously. The physical examination revealed an increase in volume in the right perineal region, increased volume in theleft inguinal region, increased body temperature (39.8ºC), pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominalpain and increased popliteal lymph nodes. The diagnosis was determined based on her medical history, clinical signs andan ultrasound scan, which revealed dilated uterine horns displaced unilaterally in the left inguinal region, with evidence ofhydrometra, full urinary bladder inside the hernia sac in the right dorsolateral perineal region and right kidney pyelectasis.After evaluating the animals physical condition, surgery was recommended, involving ovariohysterectomy associatedwith inguinal and perineal herniorrhaphy.Discussion: Perineal hernia, a common condition in male dogs, is characterized by the displacement of organs towardsthe perineal region. However, in this case, this condition occurred in female dog. Unlike males, the main causes of perineal hernia in females are trauma, chronic coughing related to heart disease, bronchitis, and tracheal collapse. Increasedintra-abdominal pressure associated with a weak pelvic diaphragm predisposes for herniation of abdominal contents,such as occurred through hydrometra. In this case...(AU)

Ovários policisticos epidermóides e hipoplasia uterina em uma vaca bovina / Epidermoid polycystic ovaries and uterine hypoplasia in a cow

Background: Ovarian cysts originate from mature follicles that do not ovulate within the predicted time according to the oestrous cycle. Dermoid cysts are structures lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, without adjacent epidermal structures, filled by keratinic debris and amorphous proteinaceus material. They are small, located below the cortex, near the hilus. There is controversy regarding the teratogenicity of the dermoid cyst. Some authors use the nomenclature of benign cystic ovarian teratoma, others, reports that although the fibrous wall and histological features are similar to teratomas, it is not associated with this germ cell-derived neoplasia. Case: Ovaries and uterus were received from a female, adult bovine, Nelore, from a slaughterhouse. The left ovary measured 6.5x5.0x3.9 cm and weighed 80 g; the right ovary measured 5.7x3.7x3.0 cm and weighed 60 g. Grossly, the ovaries were similar, presenting floating consistency, multilobulated and pointed aspect, and at the cut surface, there was extravasation of mucopurulent content of whitish colour. Regarding to the uterus, macroscopically, the uterine horns were infantile and decrease in the diameter. Fragments of the tissues were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological examination and the staining of the slides was done with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopically, in the ovaries, it was observed rare vestigial elements of ovary identifying an atresic follicle. Polycystic formation with cysts exhibiting partial or total coating of a keratinized squamous epithelium was also observed. In the lumen abundant keratinous material was present. The uterine microscopy revealed compact endometrium with areas variably infiltrated by lymphocytes, plasmocytes and occasional neutrophils. Areas devoid of endometrial glands were observed…(AU)

Ultrasound evaluation of female reproductive system in free ranging Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): case report / Avaliação ultrassonográfica do sistema reprodutor feminino em tamanduá-bandeira de vida livre (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): relato de caso

An adult, female, 31kg body weight, free range Myrmecophaga tridactyla was referred for medical consultation due to apathy, dehydration, intense flatulence and fetid stools. The animal was submitted to chemical restraint and physical examination, blood count, fecal analysis, and vaginal cytology and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. Good nutritional status and clinical variables within the normal range were observed at physical examination. At vaginal cytology leukocytes, spermatozoa and a large proportion of cornified cells (superficial) were observed, indicating estrus and recent copula. At ultrasound examination it was possible to locate, identify, evaluate and measure the ovaries and the uterine structures, cervix, body, lumen, myometrium and endometrium, a fact never reported in the literature for this species. These data can be used as reference for clinical evaluation of the reproductive tract in Myrmecophaga tridactyla females considered vulnerable species, for the diagnosis of reproductive pathologies, biotechnologies application or estrous cycle evaluation.(AU)

Uma fêmea, com 31kg de peso corporal, de Myrmecophaga tridactyla, de vida livre, foi apresentada para consulta médica em razão de apatia, desidratação, flatulência intensa e fezes fétidas. O animal foi submetido à contenção química e foram realizados exame físico, hemograma, análise fecal, citologia vaginal e ultrassonografia abdominal. Ao exame físico, foi determinado bom estado nutricional e variáveis clínicas dentro da faixa de normalidade. Na citologia vaginal, foram observados leucócitos, espermatozoides e uma grande proporção de células cornificadas (superficiais), indicando estro e cópula recente. No exame ultrassonográfico, foi possível localizar, identificar, avaliar e mensurar os ovários e as estruturas uterinas, o colo do útero, o corpo do útero, o lúmen, o miométrio e o endométrio, fato nunca relatado na literatura para essa espécie. Esses dados podem ser utilizados como referência para avaliação clínica do trato reprodutivo de fêmeas de Myrmecophaga tridactyla considerada espécie vulnerável, para o diagnóstico de patologias reprodutivas, aplicação de biotecnologias ou avaliação do ciclo estral.(AU)