Resumo

Background: Dioctophymosis is caused by Dioctophyma renale, a parasite known as the giant kidney worm, that canparasitize the kidneys of domestic and wild animals. There are also reports of its occurrence in humans, thus revealing itszoonotic potential. In most cases, parasitized animals are asymptomatic. This parasite can cause atrophy or destroy therenal parenchyma, although ectopic locations may occur. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, based on thepresence of eggs in the urine, visualization of the parasite, or during necropsy. Therefore, the aim of this work was to reportthe case of a young dog infected with D. renale and subjected to nephrectomy in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.Case: A 6-month-old bitch with a clinical suspicion of hydronephrosis in the right kidney was referred to the VeterinaryHospital of Anhanguera-Uniderp University in the city of Campo Grande, MS. A physical examination of the patientrevealed an alteration in the urinary system. An abdominal ultrasound, urinalysis, complete blood count (CBC) tests andbiochemical profile were ordered. The erythrogram indicated erythrocytosis resulting from dehydration and loss of bodyfluids, while enzyme levels (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and albumin) were within normal limits.The abdominal ultrasound showed the presence of a cylindrical and rounded structure characteristic of a nematode and inthe right kidney, and loss of renal parenchyma typical of D. renale infection. A urinalysis then revealed the presence ofhelminth eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affected rightkidney, which showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. One adult female and one adult male parasite were removedfrom inside the kidney, measuring approximately 50 cm and 35 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated, keptin hospital for observation, and returned two weeks later for reassessment of her...

Resumo

O lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) é o maior canídeo da América do Sul, sendo classificado como quase ameaçado de extinção pela União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza e dos Recursos Naturais e como uma espécie vulnerável pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. A espécie possui área de vida extensa, ocorrendo inclusive em áreas onde conflitos entre animais silvestres e populações humanas podem acontecer. Sabe-se que o lobo-guará pode ser infectado por diversos parasitas. Neste estudo, é apresentado um novo registro do verme gigante renal (Dyoctophyma renale Goeze 1972) encontrado em lobo-guará, no estado de Goiás. Esse parasita já foi encontrado em outros estados brasileiros, sendo associado a taxas de mortalidade em populações de lobo-guará. A ocorrência desse parasita no estado de Goiás é uma informação crucial para avaliar tanto a distribuição geográfica quanto a influência potencial desse parasita na sobrevivência do lobo-guará no Brasil.

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest canid of South America and is classified as Near Threatened by International Union for Conservation of Nature. This species has a large home range and often occurs in areas where human-wildlife conflicts are likely to take place. The maned wolf has been previously shown to be infected by a diversity of parasite species. Here we present a new record of the giant kidney worm (Dyoctophyma renale Goeze 1972) in the maned wolf found in the State of Goiás, central Brazil. This parasite has been also found in other Brazilian states and has been shown to be linked to C. brachyurus mortality rates. The occurrence of this parasite in the State of Goiás is a crucial piece of information for evaluating the distribution as well as the potential influence of this parasite on the plight of the maned wolf in Brazil.