Meta-analytical approaches to assess citric and ascorbic acid use in nursery piglets / Abordagens meta-analíticas para avaliar o uso do ácido cítrico e ascórbico em leitões em creche

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated different meta-analytical approaches tousing citric and ascorbic acids in the performance of nursery piglets. The study included 24 publications between 1985 and 2018 (mode 1998), totaling 4215 nursery piglets. The Higgins index indicated high heterogeneity (98.5%) among the studies concerning citric acid (96.9%) and ascorbic acid (91.4%). In variances and forest plot analysis, using citric and ascorbic acids and their analogs was no significant effect (P > 0.05) on piglet weight gain. In the meta-analysis approach proposed by LOVATTO et al. (2007) and SAUVANT et al. (2008), there was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of the addition of citric and ascorbic acids on piglet performance. Numerically, was observed an increased ADG (Δ > 0) related to acids (supplemented over control treatments) in 59.7% (ascorbic acid) and 46.6% (citric acid) of the ADG comparisons. The effect of ascorbic supplementation on the respective control treatment of the overall nursery period was on average 0.98%, 1.07%, and -1.3% for ADFI, ADG, and FCR, respectively. Citric acid supplementation to the respective control treatment of the overall nursery period was on average 1.67%, 4.40%, and -2.29% for ADFI, ADG, and FCR. Adding citric and ascorbic acids in diets for nursery piglets does not alter performance regardless of the meta-analysis method used.

RESUMO: Neste estudo, o objetivo foi avaliar diferentes abordagens de sistematização e meta-análise sobre o uso de ácidos cítrico e ascórbico no desempenho de leitões de creche. O estudo incluiu 24 publicações entre 1985 e 2018 (moda 1998), totalizando 4215 leitões de creche. O índice de Higgins indicou alta heterogeneidade entre os estudos envolvendo ácido cítrico (96,9%) e ácido ascórbico (91,4%). Na análise por forest plot a adição de ácido ascórbico em dietas de leitões não melhora (P > 0.05) o ganho de peso de leitões em creche. Na abordagem de meta-análise proposta por LOVATTO et al. (2007) e SAUVANT et al. (2008) não houve efeito significativo (P > 0.05) da adição de ácidos cítrico e de ascórbico no desempenho dos leitões. Numericamente, observou-se aumento do ganho de peso (Δ > 0) relacionado aos ácidos (suplementado em relação aos tratamentos controle) observado em 59.7% (acido ascórbico) e 46.6% (ácido cítrico) das comparações do ganho de peso diário. A suplementação de ácido ascórbico em relação ao tratamento controle no período total de creche teve variação de 0,98%, 1,07% e -1,3% para ADFI, ADG e FCR, respectivamente. A adição de ácido cítrico em relação ao tratamento controle teve variação de 1,67%, 4,40% e -2,29 para ADFI, ADG e FCR. A adição de ácidos cítrico e ascórbico em dietas para leitões de creche não altera o desempenho, independentemente da abordagem de meta-análise utilizada.

Meta-analytical approaches to assess citric and ascorbic acid use in nursery piglets / Abordagens meta-analíticas para avaliar o uso do ácido cítrico e ascórbico em leitões em creche

This study evaluated different meta-analytical approaches tousing citric and ascorbic acids in the performance of nursery piglets. The study included 24 publications between 1985 and 2018 (mode 1998), totaling 4215 nursery piglets. The Higgins index indicated high heterogeneity (98.5%) among the studies concerning citric acid (96.9%) and ascorbic acid (91.4%). In variances and forest plot analysis, using citric and ascorbic acids and their analogs was no significant effect (P > 0.05) on piglet weight gain. In the meta-analysis approach proposed by LOVATTO et al. (2007) and SAUVANT et al. (2008), there was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of the addition of citric and ascorbic acids on piglet performance. Numerically, was observed an increased ADG (Δ > 0) related to acids (supplemented over control treatments) in 59.7% (ascorbic acid) and 46.6% (citric acid) of the ADG comparisons. The effect of ascorbic supplementation on the respective control treatment of the overall nursery period was on average 0.98%, 1.07%, and -1.3% for ADFI, ADG, and FCR, respectively. Citric acid supplementation to the respective control treatment of the overall nursery period was on average 1.67%, 4.40%, and -2.29% for ADFI, ADG, and FCR. Adding citric and ascorbic acids in diets for nursery piglets does not alter performance regardless of the meta-analysis method used.

Neste estudo, o objetivo foi avaliar diferentes abordagens de sistematização e meta-análise sobre o uso de ácidos cítrico e ascórbico no desempenho de leitões de creche. O estudo incluiu 24 publicações entre 1985 e 2018 (moda 1998), totalizando 4215 leitões de creche. O índice de Higgins indicou alta heterogeneidade entre os estudos envolvendo ácido cítrico (96,9%) e ácido ascórbico (91,4%). Na análise por forest plot a adição de ácido ascórbico em dietas de leitões não melhora (P > 0.05) o ganho de peso de leitões em creche. Na abordagem de meta-análise proposta por LOVATTO et al. (2007) e SAUVANT et al. (2008) não houve efeito significativo (P > 0.05) da adição de ácidos cítrico e de ascórbico no desempenho dos leitões. Numericamente, observou-se aumento do ganho de peso (Δ > 0) relacionado aos ácidos (suplementado em relação aos tratamentos controle) observado em 59.7% (acido ascórbico) e 46.6% (ácido cítrico) das comparações do ganho de peso diário. A suplementação de ácido ascórbico em relação ao tratamento controle no período total de creche teve variação de 0,98%, 1,07% e -1,3% para ADFI, ADG e FCR, respectivamente. A adição de ácido cítrico em relação ao tratamento controle teve variação de 1,67%, 4,40% e -2,29 para ADFI, ADG e FCR. A adição de ácidos cítrico e ascórbico em dietas para leitões de creche não altera o desempenho, independentemente da abordagem de meta-análise utilizada.

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of vitamin C against human bacterial pathogens / Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana da vitamina C contra patógenos bacterianos humanos

Now a day’s multidrug resistance phenomenon has become the main cause for concern and there has been an inadequate achievement in the development of novel antibiotics to treat the bacterial infections. Therefore, there is an unmet need to search for novel adjuvant. Vitamin C is one such promising adjuvant. The present study was aimed to elucidate the antibacterial effect of vitamin C at various temperatures (4°C, 37°C and 50°C) and pH (3, 8, and 11), against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at various concentrations (5-20 mg/ml) through agar well diffusion method. Growth inhibition of all bacterial strains by vitamin C was concentration-dependent. Vitamin C significantly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus licheniformis (25.3 ± 0.9 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22.0 ± 0.6 mm), Bacillus subtilis (19.3 ± 0.3 mm) and Gram-negative bacteria: Proteus mirabilis (27.67 ± 0.882 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.33±0.9 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.0 ± 1.5 mm) and Escherichia coli (18.3 ± 0.3 mm). The stability of vitamin C was observed at various pH values and various temperatures. Vitamin C showed significant antibacterial activity at acidic pH against all bacterial strains. Vitamin C remained the stable at different temperatures. It was concluded that vitamin C is an effective and safe antibacterial agent that can be used in the future as an adjunct treatment option to combat infections in humans.

Agora, a resistência antimicrobiana de um dia em patógenos aos antibióticos tornou-se a principal causa de preocupação e houve uma realização inadequada no desenvolvimento de novos antibióticos para tratar infecções bacterianas. Portanto, há uma necessidade de pesquisar um novo adjuvante, e a vitamina C é um desses adjuvantes promissores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elucidar o efeito antibacteriano da vitamina C em diferentes temperaturas (4 °C, 37 °C e 50 °C) e pH (3, 8 e 11), contra Gram-positivos e Gram-cepas bacterianas negativas em várias concentrações (5-20 mg / ml) através do método de difusão em ágar bem. A inibição do crescimento de todas as cepas bacterianas pela vitamina C era dependente da concentração. A vitamina C inibiu significativamente o crescimento de bactérias Gram-positivas: Bacillus licheniformis (25,3 ± 0,9 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22,0 ± 0,6 mm), Bacillus subtilis (19,3 ± 0,3 mm) e bactérias Gram- negativas: Proteus mirabilis (27,7 ± 0,9 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21,3 ± 0,9 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18,0 ± 1,5 mm) e Escherichia coli (18,3 ± 0,3 mm). A estabilidade da vitamina C foi observada em vários valores de pH e várias temperaturas. A vitamina C mostrou atividade antibacteriana significativa em pH ácido contra todas as cepas bacterianas. A estabilidade da vitamina C permaneceu nas mesmas diferentes temperaturas (4 °C, 37 °C e 50 °C). Concluímos que a vitamina C é um agente antibacteriano eficaz e seguro que pode ser usado no futuro como uma opção de tratamento auxiliar para combater infecções em humanos, pois pode apoiar o sistema imunológico diretamente.

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of vitamin C against human bacterial pathogens

Abstract Now a days multidrug resistance phenomenon has become the main cause for concern and there has been an inadequate achievement in the development of novel antibiotics to treat the bacterial infections. Therefore, there is an unmet need to search for novel adjuvant. Vitamin C is one such promising adjuvant. The present study was aimed to elucidate the antibacterial effect of vitamin C at various temperatures (4°C, 37°C and 50°C) and pH (3, 8, and 11), against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at various concentrations (5-20 mg/ml) through agar well diffusion method. Growth inhibition of all bacterial strains by vitamin C was concentration-dependent. Vitamin C significantly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus licheniformis (25.3 ± 0.9 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22.0 ± 0.6 mm), Bacillus subtilis (19.3 ± 0.3 mm) and Gram-negative bacteria: Proteus mirabilis (27.67 ± 0.882 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.33±0.9 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.0 ± 1.5 mm) and Escherichia coli (18.3 ± 0.3 mm). The stability of vitamin C was observed at various pH values and various temperatures. Vitamin C showed significant antibacterial activity at acidic pH against all bacterial strains. Vitamin C remained the stable at different temperatures. It was concluded that vitamin C is an effective and safe antibacterial agent that can be used in the future as an adjunct treatment option to combat infections in humans.

Resumo Agora, a resistência antimicrobiana de um dia em patógenos aos antibióticos tornou-se a principal causa de preocupação e houve uma realização inadequada no desenvolvimento de novos antibióticos para tratar infecções bacterianas. Portanto, há uma necessidade de pesquisar um novo adjuvante, e a vitamina C é um desses adjuvantes promissores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elucidar o efeito antibacteriano da vitamina C em diferentes temperaturas (4 °C, 37 °C e 50 °C) e pH (3, 8 e 11), contra Gram-positivos e Gram-cepas bacterianas negativas em várias concentrações (5-20 mg / ml) através do método de difusão em ágar bem. A inibição do crescimento de todas as cepas bacterianas pela vitamina C era dependente da concentração. A vitamina C inibiu significativamente o crescimento de bactérias Gram-positivas: Bacillus licheniformis (25,3 ± 0,9 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22,0 ± 0,6 mm), Bacillus subtilis (19,3 ± 0,3 mm) e bactérias Gram- negativas: Proteus mirabilis (27,7 ± 0,9 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21,3 ± 0,9 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18,0 ± 1,5 mm) e Escherichia coli (18,3 ± 0,3 mm). A estabilidade da vitamina C foi observada em vários valores de pH e várias temperaturas. A vitamina C mostrou atividade antibacteriana significativa em pH ácido contra todas as cepas bacterianas. A estabilidade da vitamina C permaneceu nas mesmas diferentes temperaturas (4 °C, 37 °C e 50 °C). Concluímos que a vitamina C é um agente antibacteriano eficaz e seguro que pode ser usado no futuro como uma opção de tratamento auxiliar para combater infecções em humanos, pois pode apoiar o sistema imunológico diretamente.

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of vitamin C against human bacterial pathogens / Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana da vitamina C contra patógenos bacterianos humanos

Now a days multidrug resistance phenomenon has become the main cause for concern and there has been an inadequate achievement in the development of novel antibiotics to treat the bacterial infections. Therefore, there is an unmet need to search for novel adjuvant. Vitamin C is one such promising adjuvant. The present study was aimed to elucidate the antibacterial effect of vitamin C at various temperatures (4°C, 37°C and 50°C) and pH (3, 8, and 11), against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at various concentrations (5-20 mg/ml) through agar well diffusion method. Growth inhibition of all bacterial strains by vitamin C was concentration-dependent. Vitamin C significantly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus licheniformis (25.3 ± 0.9 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22.0 ± 0.6 mm), Bacillus subtilis (19.3 ± 0.3 mm) and Gram-negative bacteria: Proteus mirabilis (27.67 ± 0.882 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.33±0.9 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.0 ± 1.5 mm) and Escherichia coli (18.3 ± 0.3 mm). The stability of vitamin C was observed at various pH values and various temperatures. Vitamin C showed significant antibacterial activity at acidic pH against all bacterial strains. Vitamin C remained the stable at different temperatures. It was concluded that vitamin C is an effective and safe antibacterial agent that can be used in the future as an adjunct treatment option to combat infections in humans.(AU)

Agora, a resistência antimicrobiana de um dia em patógenos aos antibióticos tornou-se a principal causa de preocupação e houve uma realização inadequada no desenvolvimento de novos antibióticos para tratar infecções bacterianas. Portanto, há uma necessidade de pesquisar um novo adjuvante, e a vitamina C é um desses adjuvantes promissores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elucidar o efeito antibacteriano da vitamina C em diferentes temperaturas (4 °C, 37 °C e 50 °C) e pH (3, 8 e 11), contra Gram-positivos e Gram-cepas bacterianas negativas em várias concentrações (5-20 mg / ml) através do método de difusão em ágar bem. A inibição do crescimento de todas as cepas bacterianas pela vitamina C era dependente da concentração. A vitamina C inibiu significativamente o crescimento de bactérias Gram-positivas: Bacillus licheniformis (25,3 ± 0,9 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22,0 ± 0,6 mm), Bacillus subtilis (19,3 ± 0,3 mm) e bactérias Gram- negativas: Proteus mirabilis (27,7 ± 0,9 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21,3 ± 0,9 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18,0 ± 1,5 mm) e Escherichia coli (18,3 ± 0,3 mm). A estabilidade da vitamina C foi observada em vários valores de pH e várias temperaturas. A vitamina C mostrou atividade antibacteriana significativa em pH ácido contra todas as cepas bacterianas. A estabilidade da vitamina C permaneceu nas mesmas diferentes temperaturas (4 °C, 37 °C e 50 °C). Concluímos que a vitamina C é um agente antibacteriano eficaz e seguro que pode ser usado no futuro como uma opção de tratamento auxiliar para combater infecções em humanos, pois pode apoiar o sistema imunológico diretamente.(AU)

Effect of In Ovo Ascorbic Acid Injection and Thermal Manipulation During Incubation on Intestine Morphology of Broilers Reared under Cold and Heat Stress

It was investigated if pre-incubation ascorbic acid (AA) injection in fertile eggs incubated at high temperature impacts the performance, the yield of carcass and parts, and the intestine morphology of broilers reared under heat stress. Three thousand Cobb® fertile broiler eggs were randomly distributed according to weight into three incubations treatments (eggs not injected with AA and incubated at 37.5°C; eggs not injected with AA and incubated at 39°C; and eggs injected with 6 µg AA/100 µL water prior to incubation and incubated at 39ºC). The hatched birds were reared at thermoneutral, cold, and hot house temperatures. Broilers reared under hot temperature presented lower feed intake and weight gain than the broilers of the different rearing temperatures. Egg incubation at 39.0 ºC and 39.0 ºC + AA reduced broiler viability. Carcass and cut yields were not influenced by incubation and rearing procedures. Duodenal goblet cell count was lower in broilers from eggs of the treatment 39ºC + AA than in broilers from the other incubation treatments and in broiler rearing in hot temperature. In the jejunum, the goblet cell counts were higher in broilers that were reared under hot than thermoneutral temperatures. The incubation treatment of 39 ºC+AA increased the goblet cell counts in the ileum of broilers reared under cold temperatures. Rearing temperature influenced the duodenal villi counts, which were lower under cold rearing conditions than in the two other rearing temperatures. The results showed that egg incubation at 39°C, independently of ascorbic acid injection, did not produce an effective epigenetic heat adaptation in broilers.(AU)

Antioxidant effect on viability of boar semen cooled to 15°C / Influência de antioxidantes na viabilidade do sêmen suíno resfriado a 15°C

This study aimed to evaluate the addition of Vitamin C, reduced Glutathione and trolox on sperm characteristics of pork refrigerated semen. Six pigs were collected through the technique of gloved hand (10 ejaculates/animals). The semen was diluted in MR-A®. After the previous evaluations, the treatments were added: Control group: diluent only; Vitamin C Group: 200µM/mL Vitamin C; Trolox Group: 200µM/mL Trolox; Glutathione group: 2.5mM/ml Reduced glutathione. The semen was stored in thermal boxes and placed inside the refrigerator at 15oC and evaluated at D0, 12, 48, 72 hours. After 30 hours of incubation, each treatment was divided into two equal fractions and the same concentration of antioxidants was added in one of the parts. The results show that reduced glutathione supplementation preserves sperm motility after 24 hours but also has a higher percentage of acrosome intact in the presence of this antioxidant. There was no effect of adding a second dose of the antioxidants. In conclusion, the addition of reduced Glutathione to the swine semen diluent is a promising alternative for better preservation of sperm characteristics and the addition of the second dose of antioxidants during storage is detrimental to semen.(AU)

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a adição da vitamina C, da glutationa reduzida e do trolox sobre características espermáticas do sêmen refrigerado de suínos. Seis cachaços foram coletados pela técnica de mão enluvada (10 coletas/animal). O sêmen foi diluído em MR-A®. Após as avaliações prévias, os tratamentos foram adicionados: grupo controle: apenas diluidor; grupo vitamina C: 200µM/mL de vitamina C; grupo trolox: 200µM/mL de trolox; grupo glutationa: 2.5mM/mL de glutationa reduzida. O sêmen foi armazenado em caixas térmicas e alocado dentro do refrigerador a 15oC e avaliado nos tempos zero, 12, 48 e 72 horas . Após 30 horas de incubação, cada tratamento foi dividido em duas frações iguais e adicionou-se a mesma concentração de antioxidantes em uma das partes. Os resultados demonstram que a suplementação de glutationa reduzida preserva a motilidade espermática após 24 horas, bem como tem maior percentual de acrossoma intacto na presença desse antioxidante. Não houve efeito ao se adicionar uma segunda dose dos antioxidantes. Em conclusão, o acréscimo da glutationa reduzida ao diluidor de sêmen suíno é uma alternativa promissora para melhor preservação das características espermáticas, e a adição da segunda dose dos antioxidantes durante o armazenamento é prejudicial ao sêmen.(AU)

Antioxidant effect on viability of boar semen cooled to 15°C / Influência de antioxidantes na viabilidade do sêmen suíno resfriado a 15°C

This study aimed to evaluate the addition of Vitamin C, reduced Glutathione and trolox on sperm characteristics of pork refrigerated semen. Six pigs were collected through the technique of gloved hand (10 ejaculates/animals). The semen was diluted in MR-A®. After the previous evaluations, the treatments were added: Control group: diluent only; Vitamin C Group: 200µM/mL Vitamin C; Trolox Group: 200µM/mL Trolox; Glutathione group: 2.5mM/ml Reduced glutathione. The semen was stored in thermal boxes and placed inside the refrigerator at 15oC and evaluated at D0, 12, 48, 72 hours. After 30 hours of incubation, each treatment was divided into two equal fractions and the same concentration of antioxidants was added in one of the parts. The results show that reduced glutathione supplementation preserves sperm motility after 24 hours but also has a higher percentage of acrosome intact in the presence of this antioxidant. There was no effect of adding a second dose of the antioxidants. In conclusion, the addition of reduced Glutathione to the swine semen diluent is a promising alternative for better preservation of sperm characteristics and the addition of the second dose of antioxidants during storage is detrimental to semen.(AU)

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a adição da vitamina C, da glutationa reduzida e do trolox sobre características espermáticas do sêmen refrigerado de suínos. Seis cachaços foram coletados pela técnica de mão enluvada (10 coletas/animal). O sêmen foi diluído em MR-A®. Após as avaliações prévias, os tratamentos foram adicionados: grupo controle: apenas diluidor; grupo vitamina C: 200µM/mL de vitamina C; grupo trolox: 200µM/mL de trolox; grupo glutationa: 2.5mM/mL de glutationa reduzida. O sêmen foi armazenado em caixas térmicas e alocado dentro do refrigerador a 15oC e avaliado nos tempos zero, 12, 48 e 72 horas . Após 30 horas de incubação, cada tratamento foi dividido em duas frações iguais e adicionou-se a mesma concentração de antioxidantes em uma das partes. Os resultados demonstram que a suplementação de glutationa reduzida preserva a motilidade espermática após 24 horas, bem como tem maior percentual de acrossoma intacto na presença desse antioxidante. Não houve efeito ao se adicionar uma segunda dose dos antioxidantes. Em conclusão, o acréscimo da glutationa reduzida ao diluidor de sêmen suíno é uma alternativa promissora para melhor preservação das características espermáticas, e a adição da segunda dose dos antioxidantes durante o armazenamento é prejudicial ao sêmen.(AU)

Physicochemical characterization of fruits of Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg (Myrtaceae)

Belonging to the family Myrtaceae, ‘sete capotes’ is a plant native to the Atlantic Forest biome. It produces yellow-green fruits between February and May. Although used for consumption by local populations, studies of the fruit are rare. The present work aimed at characterize the fruit in terms of physicochemical properties. We quantified mass, volume, moisture, pulp yield, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids/titratable acidity, proteins, lipids, total sugars, reducing sugars, ash, macronutrients, micronutrients, pectin, vitamin C and phenolic compounds. Compared with commercial fruits and other native fruit trees, sete capotes is unusual for its pulp yield, vitamin C levels, total phenolic compound content, protein levels, calcium content, potassium levels and iron content. Through the results it is verified of the fruit as a functional food, mainly because of its nutritive content and because of its bioactive compounds. Our data emphasize the importance of study of the constituents of native flora.

Effects of plant essential oils on vitamin C, malondialdehyde and some biochemical parameters of rats*

The aim of this study was to determine the LD30 values of the essential oils of Origanum minutiflorum He Schwarz-PH Davis (OM) and Juniperus excelca by Bieb.subsp. Excel (JE) in vivo investigation on the effects of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C and some biochemical parameters. In this, study the essential oils of OM and JE plants were used. LD50 values of the essential oils were determined by using rats. OM (n=10), JE (n=10), carvacrol (n=10) which dissolve in olive oil were used as experimental group and as control group saline (SF) (n=8) and solvent Olive oil (n=10) were used and applied intraperitoneal on rats for 12 days in LD30 dosages. In the end of 12 days, Vit-C, malondialdehyde (MDA) and routine biochemical analyses were studied on their heart bloods. The difference in the levels of MDA and Vit-C was found significant among the groups (p<0.005). When the biochemical parameters of the groups were compared, all differences in all test were found significant (p<0.005) except for creatinine (p>0.005). When the values are put to paired comparison, the differences between groups were found statistically significant (p<0.005).OM and JE has led to significant changes in all lipid peroxidation and enzyme levels.(AU)

Effects of plant essential oils on vitamin C, malondialdehyde and some biochemical parameters of rats*

The aim of this study was to determine the LD30 values of the essential oils of Origanum minutiflorum He Schwarz-PH Davis (OM) and Juniperus excelca by Bieb.subsp. Excel (JE) in vivo investigation on the effects of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C and some biochemical parameters. In this, study the essential oils of OM and JE plants were used. LD50 values of the essential oils were determined by using rats. OM (n=10), JE (n=10), carvacrol (n=10) which dissolve in olive oil were used as experimental group and as control group saline (SF) (n=8) and solvent Olive oil (n=10) were used and applied intraperitoneal on rats for 12 days in LD30 dosages. In the end of 12 days, Vit-C, malondialdehyde (MDA) and routine biochemical analyses were studied on their heart bloods. The difference in the levels of MDA and Vit-C was found significant among the groups (p0.005). When the values are put to paired comparison, the differences between groups were found statistically significant (p<0.005).OM and JE has led to significant changes in all lipid peroxidation and enzyme levels.

Cold-Induced Ascites in Broilers: Effects of Vitamin C and Coenzyme Q10

ABSTRACT We hypothesized that the supplementation of vitamin C (Vit. C) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) alone or in combination could reduce the negative effects of cold stress in broilers. Four hundred male chicks were exposed for 24 h to cold stress (15 ºC) starting from 15d of age, while a positive control group (PC, 100 birds) was kept under normal temperature condition. The experimental groups under cold stress (four treatments in 5 replicates of 20 birds) were: negative control (NC, basal diet), Vit. C (basal diet + 300 mg/kg Vit. C), CoQ10 (basal diet + 40 mg/kg CoQ10) and Vit. C plus CoQ10 (basal diet + Vit. C+ CoQ10at above mentioned doses). Vit. C or CoQ10 supplementation were restored (p 0.01) performance and lowered (p 0.01) ascites mortality. Blood hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were decreased (p 0.01) to the level comparable to PC by Vit. C supplementation. Lower plasma concentrations of thyroxin (T4) and higher triiodothyronine (T3) were observed in NC birds (p 0.01) and were not affected by Vit. C or CoQ10. In conclusion, supplementation of Vit. C or CoQ10 in diet of broilers under cold stress conditions resulted improved performance parameters (body weight and feed conversion ratio) and ascites related traits (low red blood cell count, hematocrit, T3, and heart weights and high T4). No additional benefit was observed by combination of Vit. C and CoQ10.(AU)

Cold-Induced Ascites in Broilers: Effects of Vitamin C and Coenzyme Q10

ABSTRACT We hypothesized that the supplementation of vitamin C (Vit. C) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) alone or in combination could reduce the negative effects of cold stress in broilers. Four hundred male chicks were exposed for 24 h to cold stress (15 ºC) starting from 15d of age, while a positive control group (PC, 100 birds) was kept under normal temperature condition. The experimental groups under cold stress (four treatments in 5 replicates of 20 birds) were: negative control (NC, basal diet), Vit. C (basal diet + 300 mg/kg Vit. C), CoQ10 (basal diet + 40 mg/kg CoQ10) and Vit. C plus CoQ10 (basal diet + Vit. C+ CoQ10at above mentioned doses). Vit. C or CoQ10 supplementation were restored (p 0.01) performance and lowered (p 0.01) ascites mortality. Blood hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were decreased (p 0.01) to the level comparable to PC by Vit. C supplementation. Lower plasma concentrations of thyroxin (T4) and higher triiodothyronine (T3) were observed in NC birds (p 0.01) and were not affected by Vit. C or CoQ10. In conclusion, supplementation of Vit. C or CoQ10 in diet of broilers under cold stress conditions resulted improved performance parameters (body weight and feed conversion ratio) and ascites related traits (low red blood cell count, hematocrit, T3, and heart weights and high T4). No additional benefit was observed by combination of Vit. C and CoQ10.

Effect of In-Ovo Ascorbic Acid Injection on the Bone Development of Broiler Chickens Submitted to Heat Stress During Incubation and Rearing

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of in-ovo ascorbic acid (AA) injection on the bone development of broilers submitted to heat stress during incubation and rearing. One thousand (1,000) Cobb(r)fertile broiler eggs were randomly distributed according to the weight into five incubators, with 200 eggs per incubator. The incubation treatments were: eggs not injected with AA and incubated at 37.5°C; eggs not injected with AA and incubated at 39°C; and eggs injected with 6 µg AA/100 µL water prior to incubation and incubated at 39ºC. The hatched birds were reared at three different house temperatures: cold, thermoneutral, or and hot. The high incubation temperature negatively influenced broilers' bone characteristics. The femur of the birds hatched from eggs incubated at 39°C and injected with AA presented lower shaft mineral density, lower maximum force and lower elongation at maximum force. Their tibia presented reduced mineral density at the proximal and distal epiphysis. In-ovo AA injection of eggs incubated at high temperature did not minimize the negative effects of high rearing temperature on the performance andbone development of broiler chickens reared until 42 days of age.

The effect of Cichorium intybus l. ethanol extraction on the pathological and biomedical indexes of the liver and kidney of broilers reared under heat stress

The use of compounds with antioxidant properties as a source of phelanoeid compounds is highly recommendable in the poultry industry. Therefore, the effect of Cichorium intybus L. herb on pathobiochemical indexes of chicken under heat stress was studied. After exposure to heat stress (from day 21 to day 42 of growth), hydroalcoholic extraction was provided to 270 broiler chicks randomly divided into six groups and placed in two distinct poultry houses (heat stress and normal conditions). The three groups were recipient group of Cichorium intybus L. (1); recipient group of vitamin C (2) and control group (3). The birds in one of the houses were exposed to heat stress conditions (35 °C for 8 hours) for a time period between 22 to 42 days and the birds in the other house were reared under normal conditions (20-22°C) for the same time period. Blood samples collected from the birds showed that Cichorium intybus L. herb caused significant decrease in uric acid, Triglyceride, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total body clearance factors (CL- factors) and right ventricular failure index (RVF) and significant increase in K+ under heat stress condition (p < 0.05). Vitamin C caused significant decrease in uric acid, ALT, CL- factors and RVF index and significant increase in K+ and Na+ under heat stress condition (p 0.05). A significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride in recipient group of Cichorium intybus L was observed compared to the recipient group of vitamin C under heat stress condition (p < 0.05). In a pathologic examination normal observations were in recipient group of Cichorium intybus L and recipient group of vitamin C compared to the control group. According to this study, use of Cichorium intybus L extract and vitamin C in chicken under heat stress induced improvement in liver, kidney activity and fat metabolism.

The effect of Cichorium intybus l. ethanol extraction on the pathological and biomedical indexes of the liver and kidney of broilers reared under heat stress

The use of compounds with antioxidant properties as a source of phelanoeid compounds is highly recommendable in the poultry industry. Therefore, the effect of Cichorium intybus L. herb on pathobiochemical indexes of chicken under heat stress was studied. After exposure to heat stress (from day 21 to day 42 of growth), hydroalcoholic extraction was provided to 270 broiler chicks randomly divided into six groups and placed in two distinct poultry houses (heat stress and normal conditions). The three groups were recipient group of Cichorium intybus L. (1); recipient group of vitamin C (2) and control group (3). The birds in one of the houses were exposed to heat stress conditions (35 °C for 8 hours) for a time period between 22 to 42 days and the birds in the other house were reared under normal conditions (20-22°C) for the same time period. Blood samples collected from the birds showed that Cichorium intybus L. herb caused significant decrease in uric acid, Triglyceride, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total body clearance factors (CL- factors) and right ventricular failure index (RVF) and significant increase in K+ under heat stress condition (p < 0.05). Vitamin C caused significant decrease in uric acid, ALT, CL- factors and RVF index and significant increase in K+ and Na+ under heat stress condition (p 0.05). A significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride in recipient group of Cichorium intybus L was observed compared to the recipient group of vitamin C under heat stress condition (p < 0.05). In a pathologic examination normal observations were in recipient group of Cichorium intybus L and recipient group of vitamin C compared to the control group. According to this study, use of Cichorium intybus L extract and vitamin C in chicken under heat stress induced improvement in liver, kidney activity and fat metabolism.(AU)

Effect of In-Ovo Ascorbic Acid Injection on the Bone Development of Broiler Chickens Submitted to Heat Stress During Incubation and Rearing

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of in-ovo ascorbic acid (AA) injection on the bone development of broilers submitted to heat stress during incubation and rearing. One thousand (1,000) Cobb(r)fertile broiler eggs were randomly distributed according to the weight into five incubators, with 200 eggs per incubator. The incubation treatments were: eggs not injected with AA and incubated at 37.5°C; eggs not injected with AA and incubated at 39°C; and eggs injected with 6 µg AA/100 µL water prior to incubation and incubated at 39ºC. The hatched birds were reared at three different house temperatures: cold, thermoneutral, or and hot. The high incubation temperature negatively influenced broilers' bone characteristics. The femur of the birds hatched from eggs incubated at 39°C and injected with AA presented lower shaft mineral density, lower maximum force and lower elongation at maximum force. Their tibia presented reduced mineral density at the proximal and distal epiphysis. In-ovo AA injection of eggs incubated at high temperature did not minimize the negative effects of high rearing temperature on the performance andbone development of broiler chickens reared until 42 days of age.(AU)

Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive characteristics of male broiler breeders during the post-peak production phase / Efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte na fase pós pico de produção

Because of their membrane constitution, sperm cells of male broiler breeders are prone to lipid peroxidation, which affects their fertilizing capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation on the reproductive characteristics of 12 male broiler breeders (Cobb) older than 50 weeks. The roosters were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (treatment 1: commercial feed; treatment 2: commercial feed supplemented with canthaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin C) and 6 replicates. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage, and then underwent evaluation of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, vigor, and morphology. Morphometric analyses of testes, combs, and dewlaps were performed at 68 weeks. Testes samples were collected for morphometric analysis of seminiferous tubules and analysis of cellular proliferation in the germinal epithelium by using immunohistochemical staining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) antibodies. Statistical data analysis was performed using the SAS software (SAS, 2002). No significant effects of antioxidant supplementation were observed on semen characteristics (p > 0.05). A significant positive effect of the antioxidant blend was observed on the percentage of normal sperm, dewlap weight and width, and testes weight and...(AU)

Os espermatozoides de machos reprodutores de frango de corte são células propensas a peroxidação lipídica, dada à constituição biológica de sua membrana, influenciando a capacidade fertilizante do macho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte com idade superior a 50 semanas. Foram utilizados 12 galos Cobb de 50 semanas de idade distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos (tratamento 1: ração comercial; tratamento 2: ração comercial suplementada de cantaxantina, licopeno e vitamina C) e 6 repetições. Amostras de sêmen foram coletadas pelo método de massagem abdominal e submetidas à avaliação do volume seminal, concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. Às 68 semanas de idade, amostras de testículo foram coletadas para determinação da morfometria tubular dos testículos e para análise da proliferação celular no epitélio germinativo através de imunohistoquímica anti-PCNA. A morfometria de testículos, cristas e barbelas foram analisadas nas 68 semanas de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o software SAS (SAS, 2002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) com a adição dos antioxidantes sobre as características seminais. Houve efeito positivo...(AU)

Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive characteristics of male broiler breeders during the post-peak production phase / Efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte na fase pós pico de produção

Because of their membrane constitution, sperm cells of male broiler breeders are prone to lipid peroxidation, which affects their fertilizing capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation on the reproductive characteristics of 12 male broiler breeders (Cobb) older than 50 weeks. The roosters were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (treatment 1: commercial feed; treatment 2: commercial feed supplemented with canthaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin C) and 6 replicates. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage, and then underwent evaluation of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, vigor, and morphology. Morphometric analyses of testes, combs, and dewlaps were performed at 68 weeks. Testes samples were collected for morphometric analysis of seminiferous tubules and analysis of cellular proliferation in the germinal epithelium by using immunohistochemical staining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) antibodies. Statistical data analysis was performed using the SAS software (SAS, 2002). No significant effects of antioxidant supplementation were observed on semen characteristics (p > 0.05). A significant positive effect of the antioxidant blend was observed on the percentage of normal sperm, dewlap weight and width, and testes weight and...

Os espermatozoides de machos reprodutores de frango de corte são células propensas a peroxidação lipídica, dada à constituição biológica de sua membrana, influenciando a capacidade fertilizante do macho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte com idade superior a 50 semanas. Foram utilizados 12 galos Cobb de 50 semanas de idade distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos (tratamento 1: ração comercial; tratamento 2: ração comercial suplementada de cantaxantina, licopeno e vitamina C) e 6 repetições. Amostras de sêmen foram coletadas pelo método de massagem abdominal e submetidas à avaliação do volume seminal, concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. Às 68 semanas de idade, amostras de testículo foram coletadas para determinação da morfometria tubular dos testículos e para análise da proliferação celular no epitélio germinativo através de imunohistoquímica anti-PCNA. A morfometria de testículos, cristas e barbelas foram analisadas nas 68 semanas de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o software SAS (SAS, 2002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) com a adição dos antioxidantes sobre as características seminais. Houve efeito positivo...

Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive characteristics of male broiler breeders during the post-peak production phase / Efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte na fase pós pico de produção

Because of their membrane constitution, sperm cells of male broiler breeders are prone to lipid peroxidation, which affects their fertilizing capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation on the reproductive characteristics of 12 male broiler breeders (Cobb) older than 50 weeks. The roosters were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (treatment 1: commercial feed; treatment 2: commercial feed supplemented with canthaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin C) and 6 replicates. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage, and then underwent evaluation of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, vigor, and morphology. Morphometric analyses of testes, combs, and dewlaps were performed at 68 weeks. Testes samples were collected for morphometric analysis of seminiferous tubules and analysis of cellular proliferation in the germinal epithelium by using immunohistochemical staining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) antibodies. Statistical data analysis was performed using the SAS software (SAS, 2002). No significant effects of antioxidant supplementation were observed on semen characteristics (p > 0.05). A significant positive effect of the antioxidant blend was observed on the percentage of normal sperm, dewlap weight and width, and testes weight and le

Os espermatozoides de machos reprodutores de frango de corte são células propensas a peroxidação lipídica, dada à constituição biológica de sua membrana, influenciando a capacidade fertilizante do macho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte com idade superior a 50 semanas. Foram utilizados 12 galos Cobb de 50 semanas de idade distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos (tratamento 1: ração comercial; tratamento 2: ração comercial suplementada de cantaxantina, licopeno e vitamina C) e 6 repetições. Amostras de sêmen foram coletadas pelo método de massagem abdominal e submetidas à avaliação do volume seminal, concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. Às 68 semanas de idade, amostras de testículo foram coletadas para determinação da morfometria tubular dos testículos e para análise da proliferação celular no epitélio germinativo através de imunohistoquímica anti-PCNA. A morfometria de testículos, cristas e barbelas foram analisadas nas 68 semanas de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o software SAS (SAS, 2002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) com a adição dos antioxidantes sobre as características seminais. Houve efeito positivo