Clinical and epidemiological findings of cecal disorders in horses in the state of Paraíba / Achados clínicos e epidemiológicos dos distúrbios cecais em cavalos no estado da Paraíba

This was a retrospective case study of colic syndrome of cecal origin in 159 horses treated at a reference Veterinary Center between June 2015 and July 2021. The data studied were breed, age, sex, clinical examinations of the initial emergency care, treatment protocols (clinical and/or surgical) and resolution (hospital discharge, euthanasia or death). It was observed that 7.55% (n = 12) of the cases corresponded to colic syndrome of cecal origin, where 75% (n = 9) had heart rate within the physiological range for the species, as well as 50% (n = 6) for capillary refill time values, 33.33% (n = 4) for pink mucosa, 41.67% (n = 5) for rectal temperature, and 16.67% (n = 2) on abdominal auscultation. In 58.34% (n = 7) of patients, pain could be controlled with analgesics, with recurrence in 41.67% (n = 5). All treated cases were cecal impaction, where 58.33% (n = 7) ruptured the cecum. In 75% (n = 9) of the cases, surgical treatment was performed. Regarding the general resolution of cases, 41.67% (n = 5) of the animals were discharged. Therefore, it is concluded that despite the increase in the diagnosis of colic of cecal origin, this disease is still rare (7.55%) and has a high potential for death since there are few clinical alterations, making its early diagnosis difficult.(AU)

Este foi um estudo retrospectivo dos casos de síndrome cólica de origem cecal em 159 cavalos atendidos em um Centro Veterinário de referência entre junho de 2015 e julho de 2021. Os dados estudados foram raça, idade, sexo, exames clínicos do atendimento inicial de emergência, protocolos de tratamento (clínico e/ou cirúrgica) e resolução (alta hospitalar, eutanásia ou óbito). Observou-se que 7,55% (n = 12) dos casos correspondiam à síndrome cólica de origem cecal, onde 75% (n = 9) apresentavam frequência cardíaca dentro da faixa fisiológica para a espécie, assim como 50% (n = 6) para valores de tempo de enchimento capilar, 33,33% (n = 4) para mucosa rosada, 41,67% (n = 5) para temperatura retal e 16,67% (n = 2) para ausculta abdominal. Em 58,34% (n = 7) dos pacientes, a dor pôde ser controlada com analgésicos, com recidiva em 41,67% (n = 5). Todos os casos tratados foram de impactação cecal, onde 58,33% (n = 7) romperam o ceco. Em 75% (n = 9) dos casos, o tratamento cirúrgico foi realizado. Em relação à resolução geral dos casos, 41,67% (n = 5) dos animais tiveram alta. Portanto, conclui-se que apesar do aumento do diagnóstico de cólica de origem cecal, esta enfermidade ainda é rara (7,55%) e apresenta um alto potencial de óbito visto que há poucas alterações clínicas dificultando seu diagnóstico precoce.(AU)

Intra-abdominal torsion of a non-neoplastic cryptorchid testis in an adult dog / Torção intra-abdominal de testículo criptorquideo sem neoplasia em cão adulto

Intra-abdominal or intrascrotal testicular torsion in dogs occurs due to spermatic cord rotation. Dogs with testicular torsion commonly present severe pain and require surgical intervention. Torsion of intra-abdominal retained testicles in cryptorchid adult dogs is often associated with the presence of testicular neoplasia. Herein, we reported the case of a 5-year-old male poodle with uncommon intra-abdominal testicular torsion (ITT) of a non-neoplastic testicle. The dog was referred to the veterinary hospital with acute abdominal pain in the hypogastric region. An intra-abdominal gonad and alterations compatible with testicular torsion were visualized during ultrasound examination. Orchiectomy and histopathological analysis of the testes confirmed the diagnosis of ITT in the absence of neoplasia. The patient recovered uneventfully from the situation. This report showed that ITT can occur in adult dogs in the absence of testicular neoplasia and reinforce the message that it should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of acute abdominal pain in cryptorchid dogs. Furthermore, the ultrasound examination in this case of pain in the hypogastric region was decisive for the diagnosis of ITT.

A torção testicular intra-abdominal ou intra-escrotal em cães ocorre devido à rotação do cordão espermático. Os cães com torção testicular apresentam comumente dor intensa e necessitam de intervenção cirúrgica. Em cães adultos, a torção de testículos retidos no abdômen está geralmente associada à presença de neoplasia testicular. Este relato descreve um caso incomum de cão macho, de cinco anos de idade, da raça Poodle, encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário com dor abdominal aguda na região hipogástrica. Durante o exame ecográfico, foi possível evidenciar um testículo e alterações compatíveis com torção testicular. A orquiectomia intra-abdominal e posterior análise histopatológica confirmaram a ITT sem neoplasia associada. O paciente apresentou evolução clínica satisfatória. Este relato mostra que a ITT na ausência de neoplasia pode ocorrer em cães adultos, reforçando a mensagem de que deve ser considerada como um diferencial diagnóstico em casos de dor abdominal aguda. Além disso, o exame ultrassonográfico realizado neste caso de dor na região hipogástrica foi decisivo para o diagnóstico de ITT.

Síndrome cólica em equinos induzida por ingestão de cana de açúcar / Equine colic syndrome induced by the ingestion of sugarcane

Background: Equine colic syndrome comprises numerous conditions associated with abdominal pain in horses. Impaction, a common cause of this manifestation, is strongly related to these animals' diet. Highly fibrous diets such as sugarcane can predispose horses to colic. The clinical condition can be worsened by fermentative processes, which lead to dysbiosis, circulatory disorders and even endotoxemia. The aim of this study was to report 4 cases of colic syndrome among 8 horses that underwent an experiment to adapt them to a sugarcane-based diet, and to correlate the animals' clinical conditions to the forage they ingested. Cases: Eight male castrated Mangalarga Marchador horses, between 5.5 and 7 years old, were subjected to an experiment to test the feasibility of sugarcane as forage. Four of these horses were taken to the Large Animal Veterinary Hospital (HVGA) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro for treatment of abdominal signs of discomfort a few days after the exclusive consumption of sugarcane, in a proportion of 1.75% of live weight in dry matter. The animals' symptoms ranged from behavioral signs indicative of pain to changes in vital parameters and structure of the feces, as well as changes revealed by transrectal palpation. Three of the 4 cases presented impaction in the small colon, and 1 of the horses also presented impaction in the right dorsal colon and rostral displacement of the pelvic flexure, with accumulation of contents in the right ventral colon and sternal flexure. Two of the cases were treated medically, while the other 2 required surgical intervention. The clinical condition of all the patients evolved favorably and they were discharged between 2 and 18 days. Discussion: Colic originating in the digestive system is a syndrome strongly associated with management, especially with respect to confinement, nutrition, and parasite control. During the experiment, 4 of the 8 horses fed with sugarcane presented with colic syndrome. The low quality of sugarcane fiber is due to the high degree of lignification of the plant cell wall, which favors accumulation of ingesta. The poor digestibility and sweet taste of this roughage favor increased consumption. Furthermore, its high sucrose content, associated with an increased rate of passage in the small intestine, alters the intestinal microbiome, and hence, the fermentation byproducts and pH of the ingesta. High intestinal content, allied to longer retention times in the colon and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, promote greater dryness of the ingesta, predisposing the occurrence of impactions in the most distal portion of the large intestine. Intestinal distension and mesenteric traction caused by the accumulation of contents and gases trigger pain, which can worsen due to displacement of the large colon. Small colon impaction, which is easily identified by transrectal palpation, evolves gradually and its treatment, both clinical and surgical, tends to have a favorable prognosis. The need for alternative food sources for horses is a growing demand; however, sugarcane as an exclusive roughage has been shown to be unsafe for horses. The low quality of the fiber and the high sucrose content of this forage can alter the digestive physiology of horses through changes in the passage rate, microbiome and motility of digesta, predisposing them to intestinal dysfunction, ingesta compaction and displacement of the large colon.

Hernioplastia com aplicação de tela por laparoscopia em equino com hérnia incisional / Hernioplasty with laparoscopy mesh application in equine with incisional hernia

Background: Incisional hernia in the midline can be a consequence of abdominal surgeries, which incidence is around5.7-18%. Surgical indication occurs in cases of large hernias, and the most common techniques used involve the closingof the musculature in a primary way, with sutures, and the implantation of a mesh on the abdominal wall. Laparoscopichernioplasty emerged as a less invasive option, showing superiority when compared with open surgical techniques in human medicine, however there are few reports describing this technique in equines. So, the aim of this paper is to report acase of hernioplasty, using laparoscopic mesh, in a horse with midline incisional hernia.Case: A 13-year-old castrated male Brasileiro de Hipismo horse, weighing 415 kg, practitioner of classic equestrian, presented an incisional hernia after 14 days from an exploratory laparotomy surgery realized to treat colic syndrome. After 6months, the patient was referred to a Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital for the correction of the defect in the abdominal wall. During palpation, the animal did not present local pain or other sign of inflammation, and the hernia measuredapproximately 20 cm in diameter. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in dorsal decubitus for thehernioplasty surgical procedure. An incision was made in cranial region of the midline, close to the xiphoid to introduce asingle port; the abdomen was inflated with CO2 gas (12 mmHg) and the operating table was tilted in order to displace theorgans cranially, facilitating the laparoscopic procedure. The abdomen was inspected and the presence of a single adherence could be observed, which was disrupted with endoscopic forceps. The mesh was introduced through the single port...

Hernioplastia com aplicação de tela por laparoscopia em equino com hérnia incisional / Hernioplasty with laparoscopy mesh application in equine with incisional hernia

Background: Incisional hernia in the midline can be a consequence of abdominal surgeries, which incidence is around5.7-18%. Surgical indication occurs in cases of large hernias, and the most common techniques used involve the closingof the musculature in a primary way, with sutures, and the implantation of a mesh on the abdominal wall. Laparoscopichernioplasty emerged as a less invasive option, showing superiority when compared with open surgical techniques in human medicine, however there are few reports describing this technique in equines. So, the aim of this paper is to report acase of hernioplasty, using laparoscopic mesh, in a horse with midline incisional hernia.Case: A 13-year-old castrated male Brasileiro de Hipismo horse, weighing 415 kg, practitioner of classic equestrian, presented an incisional hernia after 14 days from an exploratory laparotomy surgery realized to treat colic syndrome. After 6months, the patient was referred to a Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital for the correction of the defect in the abdominal wall. During palpation, the animal did not present local pain or other sign of inflammation, and the hernia measuredapproximately 20 cm in diameter. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in dorsal decubitus for thehernioplasty surgical procedure. An incision was made in cranial region of the midline, close to the xiphoid to introduce asingle port; the abdomen was inflated with CO2 gas (12 mmHg) and the operating table was tilted in order to displace theorgans cranially, facilitating the laparoscopic procedure. The abdomen was inspected and the presence of a single adherence could be observed, which was disrupted with endoscopic forceps. The mesh was introduced through the single port...(AU)

B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography of abdominal structures of the peccary (Tayassu tajacu, Linnaeus 1758) / [Ultrassonografias Doppler e modo-B das estruturas abdominais de catetos (Tayassu tajacu Linnaeus, 1758)]

This study used B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography to characterize the abdominal structures of healthy peccaries raised in captivity. Fifteen peccaries were used for this study. The urinary vesicle appeared as an ovoid structure, located in the abdominal and pelvic transition, with a hyperechogenic, thin, smooth, and regular wall. The kidneys presented retroperitoneal topography and had similar sizes. The kidney/aorta ratio had an average value of 10.53±15cm (right) and 10.23±0.12 (left). The right adrenal gland had a length of 1.93±0.34cm and diameter of 0.56±0.16cm. The left adrenal gland had a length of 1.85±0.42cm and diameter of 0.52±0.11cm. The spleen had a diameter of 1.13±0.18cm. The hepatic vein demonstrated polyphasic flow in pulsed Doppler, with two retrograde peaks and an anterograde peak with a flow velocity of 25.7±0.83cm/s. The abdominal aorta had a diameter of 0.58±0.05cm and a flow velocity of 115.17±5.32cm/s. The morphological and hemodynamic study of the abdominal structures of the peccary, observed through B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, aided in identifying the size, shape, position, echogenicity, and echotexture of the abdominal organs and in making inferences about the normal parameters for these structures in this species.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo utilizar as ultrassonografias de modo-B e Doppler para caracterizar as estruturas abdominais de um cateto sadio criado em cativeiro. Quinze catetos foram utilizados para este estudo. A vesícula urinária apareceu como uma estrutura ovoide, localizada na transição entre as partes abdominal e pélvica, com uma parede hiperecogênica, fina, lisa e regular. Os rins apresentaram topografia retroperitoneal e tamanhos semelhantes. A relação rim/aorta teve um valor médio de 10,53 ± 15cm (direita) e 10,23 ± 0,12cm (esquerda). A glândula adrenal direita tinha um comprimento de 1,93 ± 0,34cm e um diâmetro de 0,56 ± 0,16cm. A glândula suprarrenal esquerda tinha um comprimento de 1,85 ± 0,42cm e um diâmetro de 0,52 ± 0,11cm. O baço tinha um diâmetro de 1,13 ± 0,18cm. A veia hepática demonstrou fluxo polifásico no Doppler pulsátil, com dois picos retrógrados e um pico anterógrado com velocidade de fluxo de 25,7±0,83cm/s. A aorta abdominal tinha um diâmetro de 0,58 ± 0,05cm e uma velocidade de fluxo de 115,17±5,32cm/s. Os estudos morfológico e hemodinâmico das estruturas abdominais do queixada, observadas por meio das ultrassonografias modo-B e Doppler, auxiliaram na identificação do tamanho, da forma, da posição, da ecogenicidade e da ecotextura dos órgãos abdominais e na realização de inferências sobre os parâmetros de normalidade para as estruturas nas espécies.(AU)

Primary gastric rupture in 20 horses from Midwestern Brazil: case report / Ruptura gástrica primária em 20 equinos no Centro-Oeste do Brasil: relato de caso

An 11-year (2007-2018) survey of epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings of horses with primary gastric rupture (PGR) was conducted. Twenty horses presented PGR, nine (45%) horses were clinically evaluated, eleven (55%) were sent dead, and all animals were necropsied. PGR contributed to a prevalence of 0.31% (9/2,868) of all equid attendances, 1.83% (9/491) of colic cases, and 4.1% (20/487) of all equid necropsies. Highly fermentable feed (n=7), gastric impaction (n=4), and perforating gastric ulcer (n=1) were the main causes of PGR; whilst eight horses presented idiopathic gastric rupture. Clinically evaluated horses were tachycardic, tachypneic, febrile, dehydrated, with increased abdominal tension, abnormal mucous membranes and reduced to absent intestinal borborygmi. Improper dietary management, such as the ingestion of low-quality roughage and highly fermentable feedstuffs were detected as the main factors associated with PGR in Midwestern Brazil. It is important to raise awareness in horse owners about proper feed management to minimize PGR.(AU)

Foi realizado um levantamento de 11 anos (2007-2018) dos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de equinos com ruptura gástrica primária (RGP). Vinte equinos apresentaram RGP, dos quais nove (45%) foram avaliados clinicamente e 11 (55%) foram enviados mortos, sendo todos os animais necropsiados. A RGP contribuiu com prevalência de 0,31% de todos os atendimentos de equídeos (9/2.868), 1,83% (9/491) dos casos de cólica, e 4,1% (20/487) das necropsias em equídeos. Alimentos altamente fermentáveis (n=7), compactação gástrica (n=4) e perfuração de úlcera gástrica (n=1) foram as principais causas de RGP, enquanto oito equinos tiveram ruptura gástrica idiopática. Os equinos avaliados clinicamente apresentaram-se taquicárdicos, taquipneicos, febris, desidratados, com mucosas anormais, aumento da tensão abdominal e motilidade intestinal reduzida. O manejo inadequado da dieta, como a ingestão de forragens de baixa qualidade e alimentos altamente fermentáveis, foi o principal fator de risco associado à RGP no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. É importante aumentar a conscientização dos proprietários de equinos sobre o manejo alimentar adequado para minimizar a RGP.(AU)

Primary gastric rupture in 20 horses from Midwestern Brazil: case report / Ruptura gástrica primária em 20 equinos no Centro-Oeste do Brasil: relato de caso

An 11-year (2007-2018) survey of epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings of horses with primary gastric rupture (PGR) was conducted. Twenty horses presented PGR, nine (45%) horses were clinically evaluated, eleven (55%) were sent dead, and all animals were necropsied. PGR contributed to a prevalence of 0.31% (9/2,868) of all equid attendances, 1.83% (9/491) of colic cases, and 4.1% (20/487) of all equid necropsies. Highly fermentable feed (n=7), gastric impaction (n=4), and perforating gastric ulcer (n=1) were the main causes of PGR; whilst eight horses presented idiopathic gastric rupture. Clinically evaluated horses were tachycardic, tachypneic, febrile, dehydrated, with increased abdominal tension, abnormal mucous membranes and reduced to absent intestinal borborygmi. Improper dietary management, such as the ingestion of low-quality roughage and highly fermentable feedstuffs were detected as the main factors associated with PGR in Midwestern Brazil. It is important to raise awareness in horse owners about proper feed management to minimize PGR.(AU)

Foi realizado um levantamento de 11 anos (2007-2018) dos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de equinos com ruptura gástrica primária (RGP). Vinte equinos apresentaram RGP, dos quais nove (45%) foram avaliados clinicamente e 11 (55%) foram enviados mortos, sendo todos os animais necropsiados. A RGP contribuiu com prevalência de 0,31% de todos os atendimentos de equídeos (9/2.868), 1,83% (9/491) dos casos de cólica, e 4,1% (20/487) das necropsias em equídeos. Alimentos altamente fermentáveis (n=7), compactação gástrica (n=4) e perfuração de úlcera gástrica (n=1) foram as principais causas de RGP, enquanto oito equinos tiveram ruptura gástrica idiopática. Os equinos avaliados clinicamente apresentaram-se taquicárdicos, taquipneicos, febris, desidratados, com mucosas anormais, aumento da tensão abdominal e motilidade intestinal reduzida. O manejo inadequado da dieta, como a ingestão de forragens de baixa qualidade e alimentos altamente fermentáveis, foi o principal fator de risco associado à RGP no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. É importante aumentar a conscientização dos proprietários de equinos sobre o manejo alimentar adequado para minimizar a RGP.(AU)

Epidemiology of colic syndrome in horses over 15 years of care / Epidemiologia da síndrome cólica em equinos ao longo de 15 anos de atendimento

Colic syndrome is a condition of great importance in equine production, a syndrome considered to be complex and multifactorial in nature. In this way epidemiological studies have been acting to contribute to the identification of risk factors in the development of wind power. This study evaluated the clinical epidemiology of the colic syndrome according to race, gender, diagnosis, affected segment, therapeutic decision and outcome of the cases treated at the Veterinary Hospital "Dr Halim Atique", interior of São Paulo.  The medical records of the animals assisted from January 2004 to July 2018, whose complaint was abdominal discomfort, were evaluated. Of the 535 animals, the most affected breed was the Quarter Horses (69.3%) followed by the Mangalarga (6.9%); females (53.1%) were more prone to the development of the syndrome. Compaction (28.8%), gastritis (11.8%), followed by gas distension (10.3%) were the most frequent changes; the affected segments being the stomach (21.9%), major colon (17.2%), and small intestine (15.7%). Clinical treatment (64.7%) was the most instituted and in the outcome of the cases, the discharge (77.4%) prevailed. The study presents data that can support epidemiological research in the area, assisting in the identification of causal and predictive factors for the colic syndrome.

A síndrome cólica é uma afecção de grande importância na equideocultura, síndrome essa considerada de natureza complexa e multifatorial. Desta forma os estudos epidemiológicos vêm atuando para contribuir na identificação de fatores de risco no desenvolvimento da cólica. Este estudo avaliou a epidemiologia clínica da síndrome cólica de acordo com a raça, sexo, diagnóstico, segmento acometido, decisão terapêutica e desfecho dos casos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário “Dr Halim Atique”, interior de São Paulo. Foram avaliados os prontuários dos animais atendidos no período de janeiro de 2004 a julho de 2018, cuja queixa foi o desconforto abdominal. Dos 535 animais, a raça mais acometida foi a Quarto de Milha (69,3%) seguido do Mangalarga (6,9%); quanto ao sexo, fêmeas (53,1%) se mostraram mais propensas ao desenvolvimento da síndrome. Compactação (28,8%), gastrite (11,8%) seguidoda distensão por gás (10,3%) foram às alterações mais frequentes; sendo os segmentos acometidos, o estômago (21,9%), cólon maior (17,2%) e intestino delgado (15,7%). O tratamento clínico (64,7%) foi o mais instituído e no desfecho dos casos, a alta (77,4%) prevaleceu. O estudo apresenta dados que podem subsidiar pesquisas epidemiológicas na área auxiliando na identificação de fatores causais e preditivos para a síndrome cólica.

Epidemiology of colic syndrome in horses over 15 years of care / Epidemiologia da síndrome cólica em equinos ao longo de 15 anos de atendimento

Colic syndrome is a condition of great importance in equine production, a syndrome considered to be complex and multifactorial in nature. In this way epidemiological studies have been acting to contribute to the identification of risk factors in the development of wind power. This study evaluated the clinical epidemiology of the colic syndrome according to race, gender, diagnosis, affected segment, therapeutic decision and outcome of the cases treated at the Veterinary Hospital "Dr Halim Atique", interior of São Paulo.  The medical records of the animals assisted from January 2004 to July 2018, whose complaint was abdominal discomfort, were evaluated. Of the 535 animals, the most affected breed was the Quarter Horses (69.3%) followed by the Mangalarga (6.9%); females (53.1%) were more prone to the development of the syndrome. Compaction (28.8%), gastritis (11.8%), followed by gas distension (10.3%) were the most frequent changes; the affected segments being the stomach (21.9%), major colon (17.2%), and small intestine (15.7%). Clinical treatment (64.7%) was the most instituted and in the outcome of the cases, the discharge (77.4%) prevailed. The study presents data that can support epidemiological research in the area, assisting in the identification of causal and predictive factors for the colic syndrome.(AU)

A síndrome cólica é uma afecção de grande importância na equideocultura, síndrome essa considerada de natureza complexa e multifatorial. Desta forma os estudos epidemiológicos vêm atuando para contribuir na identificação de fatores de risco no desenvolvimento da cólica. Este estudo avaliou a epidemiologia clínica da síndrome cólica de acordo com a raça, sexo, diagnóstico, segmento acometido, decisão terapêutica e desfecho dos casos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário “Dr Halim Atique”, interior de São Paulo. Foram avaliados os prontuários dos animais atendidos no período de janeiro de 2004 a julho de 2018, cuja queixa foi o desconforto abdominal. Dos 535 animais, a raça mais acometida foi a Quarto de Milha (69,3%) seguido do Mangalarga (6,9%); quanto ao sexo, fêmeas (53,1%) se mostraram mais propensas ao desenvolvimento da síndrome. Compactação (28,8%), gastrite (11,8%) seguidoda distensão por gás (10,3%) foram às alterações mais frequentes; sendo os segmentos acometidos, o estômago (21,9%), cólon maior (17,2%) e intestino delgado (15,7%). O tratamento clínico (64,7%) foi o mais instituído e no desfecho dos casos, a alta (77,4%) prevaleceu. O estudo apresenta dados que podem subsidiar pesquisas epidemiológicas na área auxiliando na identificação de fatores causais e preditivos para a síndrome cólica.(AU)

Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET in abdominal sepsis in rats

Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET in the diagnosis of multibacterial abdominal sepsis by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats. Methods Adult Wistar rats ( Rattus norvegicus ), weighing 227±35g, were allocated into a sepsis group by CLP (n=10) and sham group (n=10). 18F-FDG-PET using microPET was performed on all rats after 24 hours. Results All animals survived for postoperative 24h. The abdomen/liver ratio of the standardized uptake value (SUV) percentage was significantly higher in the sepsis group than in the sham (p=0.004). The ROC curve showed an accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET to detect abdominal sepsis of 88.9% (p=0.001), sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 88.9%. When a cut-off point of 79% of the ratio between the SUV on the abdominal region and liver was established, the sensitivity was 90%, specificity of 88.9%; positive and negative predictive values of 90.0% and 88.9%, respectively. Conclusions The diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET in rats with abdominal sepsis was significantly high. It was also demonstrated the predictive ability of the abdomen/liver SUV ratio to diagnose abdominal sepsis. These findings may have implications for the clinical setting, locating septic foci with PETscan.(AU)

Morphological sexual maturity of the freshwater anomuran crab Aegla parana (Crustacea, Decapoda, Aeglidae) from Negro River Sub-basin, Upper Iguaçu Basin, southern Brazil

The carapace length (CL) at the onset of morphological sexual maturity (MSM) in Aegla paranaSchmitt, 1942was estimated in a population located at Negro River Sub-basin, Upper Iguaçu Basin, southern Brazil. The animals were captured with Surber net and with baited traps in Negro River and in its tributary Totó River, in December/2017, June and July/2018. Carapace length of each individual was measured from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior margin of the carapace, with a digital caliper or under a digital microscope. Length of the major cheliped propodus (LMAP) of males and width of the abdomen (LA) of females were measured for relative growth analysis. The CL at the onset of MSM was estimated as the inflection points on the scatter plots with the REGRANS program. In Negro River, 107 males (CL range 6.90- 50.25 mm) and 95 females (10.37-39.36 mm) were obtained, while in Toto River, 225 males (4.92-25.65 mm) and 160 females (5.18- 26.45 mm). MSM is attained by males at 23.15 mm CL and females at 17.85 mm CL. The smallest ovigerous female measured 19.00 mm CL. Aegla parana reaches the highest maximum size and males attain MSM with the highest CL value among the known species of the genus.(AU)

O comprimento da carapaça (CL) no início da maturidade sexual morfológica (MSM) em Aegla paranaSchmitt, 1942foi estimado em uma população que ocorre na Sub-bacia do Rio Negro, Bacia do Alto Iguaçu, sul do Brasil. Os animais foram capturados com rede Surber e com armadilhas iscadas no Rio Negro e no seu afluente Rio Totó, em dezembro/2017, junho e julho/2018. Cada indivíduo teve o CL medido da ponta do rostro até a margem posterior da carapaça, com um paquímetro digital ou sob um microscópio digital. O comprimento do propódo do maior quelípodo (LMAP) dos machos e a largura do abdômen (AW) das fêmeas foram medidos para a análise de crescimento relativo. O CL de início da MSM foi estimado como o ponto de inflexão no gráfico de dispersão com o programa REGRANS. No Rio Negro, 107 machos (amplitude de variação do CL: 6,90-50,25 mm CL) e 95 fêmeas (10,37-39,36 mm CL) foram obtidos, enquanto no Rio Totó, 225 machos (4,92-25,65 mm CL) e 160 fêmeas (5,18-26,45 mm CL). MSM é atingido por machos com 23,15 mm CL e fêmeas com 17,85 mm CL. A menor fêmea ovígera mediu 19,00 mm CL. Aegla parana atinge o maior tamanho máximo e os machos atingem MSM com o maior valor de CL entre as espécies conhecidas do gênero.(AU)

Morphological sexual maturity of the freshwater anomuran crab Aegla parana (Crustacea, Decapoda, Aeglidae) from Negro River Sub-basin, Upper Iguaçu Basin, southern Brazil

The carapace length (CL) at the onset of morphological sexual maturity (MSM) in Aegla paranaSchmitt, 1942was estimated in a population located at Negro River Sub-basin, Upper Iguaçu Basin, southern Brazil. The animals were captured with Surber net and with baited traps in Negro River and in its tributary Totó River, in December/2017, June and July/2018. Carapace length of each individual was measured from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior margin of the carapace, with a digital caliper or under a digital microscope. Length of the major cheliped propodus (LMAP) of males and width of the abdomen (LA) of females were measured for relative growth analysis. The CL at the onset of MSM was estimated as the inflection points on the scatter plots with the REGRANS program. In Negro River, 107 males (CL range 6.90- 50.25 mm) and 95 females (10.37-39.36 mm) were obtained, while in Toto River, 225 males (4.92-25.65 mm) and 160 females (5.18- 26.45 mm). MSM is attained by males at 23.15 mm CL and females at 17.85 mm CL. The smallest ovigerous female measured 19.00 mm CL. Aegla parana reaches the highest maximum size and males attain MSM with the highest CL value among the known species of the genus.

O comprimento da carapaça (CL) no início da maturidade sexual morfológica (MSM) em Aegla paranaSchmitt, 1942foi estimado em uma população que ocorre na Sub-bacia do Rio Negro, Bacia do Alto Iguaçu, sul do Brasil. Os animais foram capturados com rede Surber e com armadilhas iscadas no Rio Negro e no seu afluente Rio Totó, em dezembro/2017, junho e julho/2018. Cada indivíduo teve o CL medido da ponta do rostro até a margem posterior da carapaça, com um paquímetro digital ou sob um microscópio digital. O comprimento do propódo do maior quelípodo (LMAP) dos machos e a largura do abdômen (AW) das fêmeas foram medidos para a análise de crescimento relativo. O CL de início da MSM foi estimado como o ponto de inflexão no gráfico de dispersão com o programa REGRANS. No Rio Negro, 107 machos (amplitude de variação do CL: 6,90-50,25 mm CL) e 95 fêmeas (10,37-39,36 mm CL) foram obtidos, enquanto no Rio Totó, 225 machos (4,92-25,65 mm CL) e 160 fêmeas (5,18-26,45 mm CL). MSM é atingido por machos com 23,15 mm CL e fêmeas com 17,85 mm CL. A menor fêmea ovígera mediu 19,00 mm CL. Aegla parana atinge o maior tamanho máximo e os machos atingem MSM com o maior valor de CL entre as espécies conhecidas do gênero.

Morphological sexual maturity of the freshwater anomuran crab Aegla parana (Crustacea, Decapoda, Aeglidae) from Negro River Sub-basin, Upper Iguaçu Basin, southern Brazil

ABSTRACT The carapace length (CL) at the onset of morphological sexual maturity (MSM) in Aegla paranaSchmitt, 1942was estimated in a population located at Negro River Sub-basin, Upper Iguaçu Basin, southern Brazil. The animals were captured with Surber net and with baited traps in Negro River and in its tributary Totó River, in December/2017, June and July/2018. Carapace length of each individual was measured from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior margin of the carapace, with a digital caliper or under a digital microscope. Length of the major cheliped propodus (LMAP) of males and width of the abdomen (LA) of females were measured for relative growth analysis. The CL at the onset of MSM was estimated as the inflection points on the scatter plots with the REGRANS program. In Negro River, 107 males (CL range 6.90- 50.25 mm) and 95 females (10.37-39.36 mm) were obtained, while in Toto River, 225 males (4.92-25.65 mm) and 160 females (5.18- 26.45 mm). MSM is attained by males at 23.15 mm CL and females at 17.85 mm CL. The smallest ovigerous female measured 19.00 mm CL. Aegla parana reaches the highest maximum size and males attain MSM with the highest CL value among the known species of the genus.

RESUMO O comprimento da carapaça (CL) no início da maturidade sexual morfológica (MSM) em Aegla paranaSchmitt, 1942foi estimado em uma população que ocorre na Sub-bacia do Rio Negro, Bacia do Alto Iguaçu, sul do Brasil. Os animais foram capturados com rede Surber e com armadilhas iscadas no Rio Negro e no seu afluente Rio Totó, em dezembro/2017, junho e julho/2018. Cada indivíduo teve o CL medido da ponta do rostro até a margem posterior da carapaça, com um paquímetro digital ou sob um microscópio digital. O comprimento do propódo do maior quelípodo (LMAP) dos machos e a largura do abdômen (AW) das fêmeas foram medidos para a análise de crescimento relativo. O CL de início da MSM foi estimado como o ponto de inflexão no gráfico de dispersão com o programa REGRANS. No Rio Negro, 107 machos (amplitude de variação do CL: 6,90-50,25 mm CL) e 95 fêmeas (10,37-39,36 mm CL) foram obtidos, enquanto no Rio Totó, 225 machos (4,92-25,65 mm CL) e 160 fêmeas (5,18-26,45 mm CL). MSM é atingido por machos com 23,15 mm CL e fêmeas com 17,85 mm CL. A menor fêmea ovígera mediu 19,00 mm CL. Aegla parana atinge o maior tamanho máximo e os machos atingem MSM com o maior valor de CL entre as espécies conhecidas do gênero.

Main biological and synthetic materials applied in abdominal wall reconstructive surgeries in Veterinary Medicine: literature review / Principais materiais biológicos e sintéticos utilizados em cirurgias para reconstrução de parede abdominal na Medicina Veterinária: revisão de literatura

Researches for the ideal material for abdominal wall reconstructive procedures in Veterinary Medicine remains constant. Synthetic and biological materials are routinely studied, regarding the ability of abdominal support and reactivity of the host, both of them present advantages and disadvantages. This review analyzes the main characteristics of synthetic and biological materials currently in use, in order to compare the two of them. It was observed that biological materials have less reactivity by the host, but the strength of the synthetic materials is higher, even though, more expensive. The effort and research for the ideal material should remain active because the ideal one has not been found yet.

A busca pelo material ideal para os procedimentos de reconstrução da parede abdominal em Medicina Veterinária permanece constante. Materiais sintéticos e biológicos são rotineiramente estudados, mostrando prós e contras referentes às suas respectivas capacidades de sustentação abdominal e reatividade do hospedeiro. Esta revisão aborda as principais características dos materiais sintéticos e biológicos atualmente utilizados, e levanta comparações entre os dois tipos de materiais. Os materiais biológicos apresentam menor reatividade pelo hospedeiro, porém, a força de sustentação dos materiais sintéticos é maior, embora o seu custo seja mais elevado. Os trabalhos e a busca pelo material ideal para este tipo de procedimento devem permanecer ativos, pois o material ideal ainda não foi encontrado.

Main biological and synthetic materials applied in abdominal wall reconstructive surgeries in Veterinary Medicine: literature review / Principais materiais biológicos e sintéticos utilizados em cirurgias para reconstrução de parede abdominal na Medicina Veterinária: revisão de literatura

Researches for the ideal material for abdominal wall reconstructive procedures in Veterinary Medicine remains constant. Synthetic and biological materials are routinely studied, regarding the ability of abdominal support and reactivity of the host, both of them present advantages and disadvantages. This review analyzes the main characteristics of synthetic and biological materials currently in use, in order to compare the two of them. It was observed that biological materials have less reactivity by the host, but the strength of the synthetic materials is higher, even though, more expensive. The effort and research for the ideal material should remain active because the ideal one has not been found yet.(AU)

 A busca pelo material ideal para os procedimentos de reconstrução da parede abdominal em Medicina Veterinária permanece constante. Materiais sintéticos e biológicos são rotineiramente estudados, mostrando prós e contras referentes às suas respectivas capacidades de sustentação abdominal e reatividade do hospedeiro. Esta revisão aborda as principais características dos materiais sintéticos e biológicos atualmente utilizados, e levanta comparações entre os dois tipos de materiais. Os materiais biológicos apresentam menor reatividade pelo hospedeiro, porém, a força de sustentação dos materiais sintéticos é maior, embora o seu custo seja mais elevado. Os trabalhos e a busca pelo material ideal para este tipo de procedimento devem permanecer ativos, pois o material ideal ainda não foi encontrado.(AU)

Diffuse thoracic and peritoneal papillary mesothelioma in an adult cow: case report

Mesothelioma is a rare tumor of mesothelium and usually spread by implantation in the same cavity it arises. Regarding bovine mesotheliomas, the abdominal cavity is the most affected site. This article describes a case of diffuse papillary mesothelioma within both thoracic and abdominal cavity with nodal metastasis in an adult cow – based on cytology, histopathology, and immunohistochemical analysis. A 7-years-old cow, Nelore breed (Brazilian beef cattle), with clinical signs of tachypnea, abdominal distention, and positive jugular venous pulse was slaughtered and necropsied due to persistent weight loss. The main gross findings were several verrucous and yellowish nodules spread on pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum. Mediastinal lymph nodes were enlarged and hemorrhagic with multiples yellowish spots on cut surface. The diagnoses of diffuse mesothelioma with nodal metastasis was established and ratified by the microscopic analysis. Immunohistochemical results had strong positivity for cytokeratin and the Ki-67 showed proliferative index of 28%. Vimentin was positive only in the cells of fibrous tissue. In this case, the initial site of the mesothelioma was not recognized. Although it is a post-mortem study, cytology may be very helpful in vivo investigation. Equally important, is the IHC to better comprehend this tumor and its behavior.

Diffuse thoracic and peritoneal papillary mesothelioma in an adult cow: case report

Mesothelioma is a rare tumor of mesothelium and usually spread by implantation in the same cavity it arises. Regarding bovine mesotheliomas, the abdominal cavity is the most affected site. This article describes a case of diffuse papillary mesothelioma within both thoracic and abdominal cavity with nodal metastasis in an adult cow based on cytology, histopathology, and immunohistochemical analysis. A 7-years-old cow, Nelore breed (Brazilian beef cattle), with clinical signs of tachypnea, abdominal distention, and positive jugular venous pulse was slaughtered and necropsied due to persistent weight loss. The main gross findings were several verrucous and yellowish nodules spread on pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum. Mediastinal lymph nodes were enlarged and hemorrhagic with multiples yellowish spots on cut surface. The diagnoses of diffuse mesothelioma with nodal metastasis was established and ratified by the microscopic analysis. Immunohistochemical results had strong positivity for cytokeratin and the Ki-67 showed proliferative index of 28%. Vimentin was positive only in the cells of fibrous tissue. In this case, the initial site of the mesothelioma was not recognized. Although it is a post-mortem study, cytology may be very helpful in vivo investigation. Equally important, is the IHC to better comprehend this tumor and its behavior.(AU)

Torção de cólon em um felino doméstico: relato de caso / Colon torsion in a domestic cat: case report

A torção de cólon em felinos é uma patologia rara. Os principais sinais apresentados são de abdome agudo e podem levar o animal rapidamente a óbito. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de torção de cólon em um felino. Este é o primeiro relato dessa enfermidade no Brasil. O diagnóstico foi realizado por meio do histórico e de exames de imagem. O animal foi encaminhado para a cirurgia, mas, devido à gravidade e extensão das lesões intestinais, foi realizada a eutanásia.(AU)

Colon torsion in felines is a rare pathology. The main signs presented are of acute abdomen and the condition can quickly lead to death. This paper aims to report a case of twisted colon in a feline. This is the first report of colon torsion in Brazil. The presumptive diagnosis was made through history and imaging. The patient was submitted to surgery, where, due to severity and extent of lesions, euthanasia was performed.(AU)

Torção de cólon em um felino doméstico: relato de caso / Colon torsion in a domestic cat: case report

A torção de cólon em felinos é uma patologia rara. Os principais sinais apresentados são de abdome agudo e podem levar o animal rapidamente a óbito. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de torção de cólon em um felino. Este é o primeiro relato dessa enfermidade no Brasil. O diagnóstico foi realizado por meio do histórico e de exames de imagem. O animal foi encaminhado para a cirurgia, mas, devido à gravidade e extensão das lesões intestinais, foi realizada a eutanásia.(AU)

Colon torsion in felines is a rare pathology. The main signs presented are of acute abdomen and the condition can quickly lead to death. This paper aims to report a case of twisted colon in a feline. This is the first report of colon torsion in Brazil. The presumptive diagnosis was made through history and imaging. The patient was submitted to surgery, where, due to severity and extent of lesions, euthanasia was performed.(AU)