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A long-haired, male, neutered domestic cat was referred to a veterinary clinic for the first time at 13 years of age due to anorexia, vomiting, dehydration, and depression. Blood biochemistry revealed renal azotemia. The cat was only given food for animals with kidney failure, and no treatment was given. Three weeks before its death at 16 years of age, the clinical signs returned, becoming more frequent and intense. The cat was referred to the veterinary clinic again, and also severe hypertension and mild dyspnea as the unique respiratory signs were detected. Blood biochemistry again revealed renal azotemia. At necropsy, the lungs exhibited a nodule in the right caudal lobe with a 3-cm-long axis and another nodule in the left caudal lobe with a 2-cm long axis, which histologically corresponded to a lepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma. The bronchioalveolar origin of the neoplasms was corroborated by immunohistochemistry with specific biomarkers, namely Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1), Napsin A, Surfactant Protein B (SP-B), Pancytokeratin and Vimentin, with the neoplastic tissue testing positive for all biomarkers. Both kidneys presented macroscopic and microscopic lesions consistent with nephritis and severe fibrosis, which was deemed to be the cause of death. Primary lung neoplasms in cats are rare and difficult to detect clinically due to clinic signs that may be nonspecific.(AU)

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Biliary neoplasms are uncommon in cats and affect older animals. A 12-year-old female crossbreed cat showed prostration, lethargy, apathy, and severe jaundice. Ultrasonography showed distention of the gallbladder associated with severe obstruction of the bile ducts with thickening of the biliary wall, forming amorphous masses of irregular contour and heterogeneous appearance directed to the lumen measuring up to 2 cm. Necropsy showed a gallbladder with a yellowish and soft nodule measuring 3 × 3 cm, compressing the extrahepatic bile duct, occluding the passage of bile. There were also firm, yellowish multifocal to coalescing nodules in the liver, ranging from 0.5 to 1 cm, affecting 10% of the organ, in addition to lungs with firm, yellowish multifocal nodules ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 cm, affecting 20% of the organ. Histologically, gallbladder and bile ducts had malignant epithelial neoplastic proliferation, which was organized into multiple papillary and ductal projections, separated by moderate fibrovascular stroma compatible with gallbladder adenocarcinoma. The liver and lungs also contained neoplastic structures with a ductal appearance and papilliform projections identical to those observed in the gallbladder. The immunohistochemical examination (IHC) showed intense positive staining of epithelial neoplastic cells for pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and no staining for vimentin (Clone V9). The diagnosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma with metastasis in the liver and lungs was established based on the clinical, macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings.(AU)

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Background: Despite being rare in domestic animals, pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the feline pancreas. Due non-specificity of clinical signs in cats and the late diagnosis of the neoplasm, it is necessary to understand this disease better, to contribute for the knowledge of its early recognition and treatment. Thus, this study aims to report a case of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a cat, focusing on the main clinical aspects, diagnosis, and prognosis of this disease, in addition to the description of the presentation of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Case: A 14-year-old male neutered mixed breed cat, was referred to the Feline Medicine Service (MedFel) of the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, with a history of hyporexia, constipation and increased abdominal volume for 3 days, besides mild difficulty in locomotion and progressive weight loss in the last 6 months. On the physical examination, the patient was alert, with a body condition score of 6/9; muscle condition score 1/4 and moderate dehydration of 7%. Popliteal lymph nodes were enlarged, and abdominal distension was evident. Around 200 mL of a slightly cloudy, straw-yellow liquid were drained from the abdominal cavity. After draining the fluid, a new abdominal palpation was performed, and there were fecal retention and a palpable mass in the right hypogastric region. The result of the cytological analysis of the fluid was consistent with a protein-rich transudate, suggesting neoplastic effusion of epithelial origin. Hematological and biochemical changes included leukocytosis due to neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia, thrombocytosis and azotemia. On abdominal ultrasound, the patient had free fluid in the abdominal cavity, and the gallbladder had discreet of biliary sludge. The intestines showed some corrugated segments with other segments lacking definition of its layers, and without peristaltic movements, suggesting intestinal neoplasia. Pancreas and adrenals were not visualized. On the chest X-ray, moderate opacification of lung fields with a diffuse interstitial pattern was observed, suggesting lung metastasis. The patient presented an acute worsening of the clinical condition and the owner requested euthanasia. The patient was referred for necropsy and based on the macroscopic and microscopic changes, the post-mortem diagnosis was metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Discussion: The clinical presentation of cats with exocrine pancreatic neoplasia is nonspecific, as clinical signs are common to several diseases, such as anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss with normal appetite, jaundice, depression, and lethargy. Complementary blood tests also do not provide data that could lead to the suspicion of pancreatic neoplastic disease. In the present case, the diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis was only possible post mortem. The pancreas is a difficult organ to assess adequately using most diagnostic imaging methods, so histopathology is still the method of choice for differentiating pancreatic tissue comorbidities. Therefore, exploratory laparotomy should be instituted to provide tissue samples from the pancreas and its metastases for histopathological diagnosis, whenever ultrasound or other imaging methods indicate suspicious abdominal changes. The literature reports that less than 10% of affected cats treated with complete surgical removal of the mass and chemotherapy alone will survive more than a year, and the average time for untreated cats is only 6 days. The prognosis of this disease is bad and most cats are euthanized, due to rapid clinical worsening. Therefore, diagnosis is essential to determine an adequate prognosis in advanced cases and to support therapeutic decisions or euthanasia.

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Anal sac neoplasms are common in companion animals, and the epidemiological profile has been extensively described in international studies; however, national data are still lacking. Data on the Brazilian reality of anal sac carcinoma cases' diagnosis and treatment are also scarce. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate cases of canine anal sac carcinoma and assess the profile of involvement, tumor size, and lymphatic invasion at the time of diagnosis. Information was obtained from Vetpat laboratory database, from 260 cases spanning a 12-year period (2010-2021). In histopathological evaluation at the time of diagnosis, data on sex, age, and race were described, as well as tumor size and lymphatic invasion. The presence of metastasis was also assessed in cases where lymph nodes were sampled. Simple descriptive statistical analysis was used to evaluate the data. Adult and elderly, female, and mixed-breed animals were more involved, indicating differences from international studies that can be attributed to sociocultural factors. In terms of tumor size, it was observed that 93% of the cases had the largest diameter above 2.5cm. Only 7% of the cases had the largest diameter below 2.5cm, demonstrating the often late diagnosis and the importance of rectal palpation examination during the general physical assessment of canine patients, particularly at an advanced age. Regarding lymphatic invasion and affected lymph nodes, 50% of the cases had lymphatic invasion described in the histopathological examination. However, only 5% of the lymph nodes were sent along with the primary tumor, indicating the disease's aggressive behavior but with possible metastases underdiagnosed.

As neoplasias de saco anal possuem incidência importante nos animais de companhia, tendo o seu perfil epidemiológico de acometimento amplamente descrito em estudos internacionais, entretanto dados nacionais ainda são escassos. De modo semelhante, dados acerca da realidade brasileira, associados ao diagnóstico e conduta desses casos, são inexistentes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar, de forma retrospectiva, os casos de carcinoma de saco anal canino, avaliando o perfil de acometimento, o tamanho tumoral e a invasão linfática no momento do diagnóstico. Foi obtido informações de 260 casos, respectivo a um período de 12 anos (2010-2021), proveniente do banco de dados do laboratório Vetpat. Foram descritos os dados acerca do sexo, idade e raça, bem como o tamanho tumoral e presença de invasão linfática em avaliação histopatológica no momento do diagnóstico. Os casos que cursavam com envio dos linfonodos também foram avaliados quanto a presença de metástase. Os dados foram avaliados mediante análise estatística descritiva simples. Foi encontrado um maior acometimento em animais adultos a idosos, do sexo feminino e sem raça definida, evidenciando diferenças em relação a estudos internacionais, que podem ser atribuídas a fatores socioculturais. Em relação ao tamanho tumoral, observou-se que 93% dos casos apresentavam o maior diâmetro acima de 2,5cm e apenas 7% dos casos apresentavam o maior diâmetro abaixo de 2,5cm, evidenciando o diagnostico frequentemente tardio, bem como a importância do exame de palpação retal durante a avaliação física geral de pacientes caninos, principalmente em idade avançada. Quanto a avaliação da invasão linfática e linfonodos acometidos, 50% dos casos cursavam com invasão linfática descrita em exame histopatológico, entretanto em apenas 5% dos casos os linfonodos foram enviados junto ao tumor primário, evidenciando o comportamento agressivo da doença, porém com metástases possivelmente subdiagnosticadas.

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The present work aims to evaluate anticancer performance of Cassia alata methanolic leaf extracts (CMLE) in ethyl carbamate-stimulated lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) in differentiation to the function of Cisplatin (CIPL). Rats were divided into four groups: (1) control (CONT), (2) lung-adenocarcinoma (LAD) injected intra-peritoneally with 1g/kg ethyl carbamate once weekly for a month, (3) LAD+CMLE administered 500 mg/kg CMLE orally for the last two months of the experiment, and (4) LAD+CIPL treated group, injected 2.5 mg/kg Cisplatin intraperitoneally once weekly for the last two months of the experiment. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed adenocarcinoma development in terminal bronchiole besides some histopathological changes in the LAD group such as atypical, exaggerated collagen fibers, increment of mucinous content, and increasing of PCNA positive immunoreactivity whereas electron microscopy investigation exposed that papillary adenocarcinoma originated from Clara cells in the LAD group. The LAD+CMLE treated group showed no tumor masses and nearly all with normal lung histology. It also recovered the normal ultrastructure of bronchiolar Clara cells. CMLE treatment offers a new alternative cure with less toxicity than Cisplatin for lung cancer therapy. Hence, CMLE would be employed as a novel supply of anti-cancer compounds combating lung cancer.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho anticâncer dos extratos metanólicos das folhas de Cassia alata (CMLE) em adenocarcinoma pulmonar estimulado por carbamato de etila (LAD) em diferenciação com a função da cisplatina (CIPL). Os ratos foram divididos em quatro grupos: (1) controle (CONT), (2) adenocarcinoma de pulmão (LAD) injetado intraperitonealmente com 1g/kg de carbamato de etila uma vez por semana durante um mês, (3) LAD+CMLE administrado 500 mg/kg de CMLE por via oral nos últimos dois meses do experimento e (4) grupo tratado com LAD+CIPL, injetado 2,5 mg/kg de cisplatina intraperitonealmente uma vez por semana nos últimos dois meses do experimento. Os exames de microscopia de luz e eletrônica revelaram o desenvolvimento de adenocarcinoma no bronquíolo terminal, além de algumas alterações histopatológicas no grupo LAD, como fibras de colágeno atípicas exageradas, aumento do conteúdo mucinoso e aumento da imunorreatividade positiva para PCNA, enquanto a investigação de microscopia eletrônica revelou que o adenocarcinoma papilar se originou das células Clara no grupo LAD. O grupo tratado com LAD+CMLE não apresentou massas tumorais e quase apresentou histologia pulmonar normal. Ele também recuperou a ultraestrutura normal das células de Clara bronquiolares. O tratamento com CMLE oferece uma nova alternativa de cura com menos toxicidade do que a cisplatina para a terapia do câncer de pulmão. Portanto, o CMLE seria empregado como um novo suprimento de compostos anticancerígenos para combater o câncer de pulmão.

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Background: Lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm, with few descriptions in the literature. Therefore, its etiology and treatment are not well understood. The present study aims to report the case of an equine histologically diagnosed with lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma in the lower eyelid region and third eyelid treated by surgical excision and intralesional chemotherapy. Case: A 17-year-old male mixed-breed equine weighing 300 kg was treated in the large animal clinic and surgery sector of the Federal University of Santa Catarina in the city of Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The equine revealed an alert and docile temperament without considerable physiological changes in the physical examination. In the evaluation of the right eye, a tumor mass was observed in the region of the lacrimal gland adhered to the third eyelid and lower eyelid, with a light red ulcerated appearance approximately 7 cm in diameter. Therefore, the surgical excision of the adhered tumor mass was performed, with the subsequent intralesional application of 2 mL of Vincristine Sulfate. In the histopathological evaluation following the surgical excision of the tumor mass, yellowish-white fragments of irregular nodules were observed measuring from 3.5×2.0×1.7 cm to 2.0×0.5×0.3 cm, in addition to microscopy focus clusters of weakly basophilic neoplastic glandular cells, some with a randomly arranged lacy aspect, forming disorganized acinar structures and others showed marking islands of the cells organized in a palisade shape by vascular delicate stroma. The neoplastic cells presented anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, prominent nucleoli sometimes binucleated and with basophilic intracytoplasmic secretory material, delimited by scarce connective tissue. In some areas, there were small foci of infiltrated lymphocytes and plasmocytes and areas of necrosis. The mass was surrounded by connective tissue, where red blood vessels were found outside the vessels (hemorrhage), and mitoses were observed 2 per field at high magnification (40x). After the surgical procedure, it was not possible to follow up and reassess of the patient, so there is no clarification on the possibility of tumor recurrence. Discussion: The case reported is uncommon, being only the second report of adenocarcinoma in the equine lacrimal gland. Therefore, there are few descriptions in the literature about its defined etiology and the best treatment method, although, surgical excision is the method of choice because it is a tumor of high recurrence and invasiveness. In this case, we opted for the exeresis of the tumor mass and later application of chemotherapy, a treatment that was relatively effective, to avoid recurrence and the failure of the technique. In these cases, monitoring the animal after the procedure is recommended, evaluating whether there was tumor recurrence, although this was not possible in the present possible. The third eyelid, lacrimal, and zygomatic salivary glands may be sources of intraorbital neoplasms. These neoplastic processes may have similar histological and behavioral characteristics, and their differentiation is, therefore, problematic. These structures may be differentiated based on the anatomical location, however, clinical appearance and symptoms are identical in most cases. Adenocarcinoma in the equine lacrimal gland is a neoplasm considered rare, so it is important to emphasize an accurate diagnosis through histopathological analyses to differentiate it from other frequent orbital neoplasms in horses, allowing more information about this tumor and establishing different treatment methods.

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A neoplasia prostática em gatos é rara e pouco descrita na literatura. Não é um tumor andrógeno dependente, e a castração não ajuda na prevenção ou no tratamento. Técnicas ultrassonográficas e radiográficas evidenciarão compressão uretral ou retal na posição da neoplasia, e para diagnóstico definitivo deve-se realizar exame histopatológico. Não há protocolo terapêutico eficaz estabelecido, e o tratamento cirúrgico não costuma ser efetivo no controle da evolução do quadro, já que é de caráter maligno, agressivo e com altas taxas de metástases. Relata-se o caso de um gato macho, castrado, sem raça definida, de pelo curto, 10 anos, com histórico de disquesia, fezes em fita, hematuria e normorexia. O diagnóstico presuntivo foi realizado por meio de ultrassonografia; no entanto, devido à caracteristica obstrutiva apresentada pela neoplasia, assim como ao prognóstico de reservado a ruim em relação às alternativas terapêuticas, optou-se pela eutanásia, e não foi evidenciada nenhuma metástase.(AU)

Prostatic neoplasia in cats is rare and poorly described in the literature. It is not an androgen dependent tumor, and castration does not help in prevention or treatment. Ultrasonographic and radiographic techniques will show urethral or rectal compression in the position of the neoplasm, and for a definitive diagnosis. histopathological examination must be performed. There is no effective therapeutic protocol established, and surgical treatment is not usually effective in controlling the evolution of the condition, since it is malignant, aggressive and has high rates of metastases. The patient in this report is a 10-year-old male, neutered, mixed- breed, short-haired cat, with a history of dyschesia, ribbon-like stools, hematuria and normorexia. The presumptive diagnosis was performed by ultrasound; however, due to the obstructive characteristic presented by the neoplasm, as well as the poor prognosis in relation to the therapeutic alternatives, euthanasia was chosen, and no metastasis was evidenced.(AU)

La neoplasia prostática en gatos es rara y está pobremente descrita en la literatura. No es un tumor dependiente de andrógenos, y la castración no ayuda en la prevención ni en el tratamiento. Las técnicas ultrasonográficas y radiográficas mostrarán compresión uretral o rectal en la posición de la neoplasia, y para un diagnóstico definitivo se debe realizar un examen histopatológico. No existe un protocolo terapéutico eficaz establecido, y el tratamiento quirúrgico no suele ser eficaz para controlar la evolución del cuadro, ya que es maligno, agresivo y presenta altas tasas de metástasis. El paciente de este reporte es un gato macho de 10 años. castrado, mestizo, de pelo corto, con antecedentes de disquesia, heces en cinta. hematuria y normorexia. El diagnóstico presuntivo se realizó por ecografia; sin embargo, debido al carácter obstructivo que presentaba la neoplasia, así como al mal pronóstico en relación a las alternativas terapéuticas, se optó por la eutanasia y no se evidenció metástasis.(AU)

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We describe a case of hypertrophic gastropathy (Ménétrier’s like disease) with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma in a seven-year-old intact female Labrador Retriever dog. The animal suddenly presented with emesis and died. Gross lesions included a marked diffuse thickening of the gastric mucosa and an ulcerated transmural neoplastic mass in the gastric body. Gastric body and fundus were affected by foveolar hyperplasia with loss of chief and parietal cells replaced by mucous cells and marked dilatation of gastric glands. An area of gastric adenocarcinoma with submucosal lymphatic vessels invasion was also present and metastases were observed in the gastric lymph nodes, small intestine, pancreas, lung and liver. Due to its similarity with other gastric proliferative disorders, including this condition in the list of differentials is a necessary step in the diagnostic investigation of canine gastropathies.

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ABSTRACT: A 9-year-old male Shih Tzu dog presented with a mass on the ventral region of the neck and developed ptyalism. Radiographs revealed a radiodense nodule located in the mid-third of the oesophagus compressing the trachea. Preoperative cytology showed large neoplastic cells with abundant vacuolated cytoplasm arranged in clusters. The nodule was removed by oesophagectomy and submitted for histopathology. Microscopically, the oesophageal mass was multilobulated and unencapsulated. It had a mixed cellular growth pattern with areas showing squamous and glandular differentiation. The squamous component of the tumor was formed by solid strands of neoplastic epithelial cells; many neoplastic cells had undergone central keratinization and sometimes formed keratin pearls. The deeper adenocarcinomatous portion of the tumor consisted of tubules filled with slightly basophilic mucinous material. Histological and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis of primary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the esophagus. This is the first report of primary ASC of the cervical oesophagus in a dog.

RESUMO: Um cão Shih Tzu de nove anos de idade apresentou uma massa na região ventral do pescoço e desenvolveu ptialismo. As radiografias revelaram um nódulo radiodenso localizado no terço médio do esôfago que comprimia a traqueia. A citologia pré-operatória mostrou células neoplásicas grandes com citoplasma vacuolizado abundante, dispostas em aglomerados. O nódulo foi removido por esofagectomia e submetido à histopatologia. Microscopicamente, a massa esofágica era multilobulada e não encapsulada. Apresentava um padrão de crescimento celular misto, com áreas mostrando diferenciação escamosa e áreas de diferenciação glandular. O componente escamoso do tumor era formado por filamentos sólidos de células epiteliais neoplásicas; muitas células neoplásicas demonstravam queratinização central e, por vezes, formavam pérolas de queratina. A porção adenocarcinomatosa mais profunda do tumor consistia em túbulos preenchidos com material mucinoso levemente basofílico. O exame histológico e imunohistoquímico confirmaram o diagnóstico de carcinoma adenoescamoso primário do esôfago. No conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato de carcinoma adenoescamoso primário do esôfago cervical em um cão.

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Spider venom is a potential source of pharmacologically important compounds. Previous studies on spider venoms reported the presence of bioactive molecules that possess cell-modulating activities. Despite these claims, sparse scientific evidence is available on the cytotoxic mechanisms in relation to the components of the spider venom. In this study, we aimed to determine the cytotoxic fractions of the spider venom extracted from Phlogiellus bundokalbo and to ascertain the possible mechanism of toxicity towards human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. Methods: Spider venom was extracted by electrostimulation. Components of the extracted venom were separated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using a linear gradient of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water and 0.1% TFA in 95% acetonitrile (ACN). Cytotoxic activity was evaluated by the MTT assay. Apoptotic or necrotic cell death was assessed by microscopic evaluation in the presence of Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V, Alexa FluorTM 488 conjugate fluorescent stains, and caspase activation assay. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity of the cytotoxic fractions were also measured. Results: We observed and isolated six fractions from the venom of P. bundokalbo collected from Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur. Four of these fractions displayed cytotoxic activities. Fractions AT5-1, AT5-3, and AT5-4 were found to be apoptotic while AT5-6, the least polar among the cytotoxic components, was observed to induce necrosis. PLA2 activity also showed cytotoxicity in all fractions but presented no relationship between specific activity of PLA2 and cytotoxicity. Conclusion: The venom of P. bundokalbo spider, an endemic tarantula species in the Philippines, contains components that were able to induce either apoptosis or necrosis in A549 cells.(AU)

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Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common acquired cardiovascular disease in the feline species. A frequent complication of this cardiomyopathy is the development of cardiac congestive failure, left atrial enlargement and subsequent development of arterial thromboembolism. In a significant percentage of affected animals there is progression to congestive heart failure, resulting in cyanosis and dyspnea, often the first clinical signs reported by owners. This is a report of a 10-year-old Persian cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and venous and arterial thromboembolism of non-cardiogenic origin. Case: The patient was referred for cardiac evaluation, arterial thromboembolism was the suspected cause of tetraparesis. On clinical examination, a metacarpal pulse was present in all limbs; there was no cyanosis or peripheral hypothermia thus, ruling out a thromboembolic event in the limbs. Changes consistent with feline asthma and pulmonary edema were seen on radiographs, therefore hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was suspected. Treatment with enalapril (0.25 mg/kg every 12 h) for the heart condition and prednisolone (1 mg/kg every 24 h) for asthma was started. Nine days later, the patient developed mixed dyspnea (inspiratory and expiratory) and was hospitalized with signs consistent with arterial thromboembolism: paralysis and cold extremities in the right and left pelvic limbs. The patient was euthanized due to the poor prognosis. Postmortem and histopathological findings revealed left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, with no valvular changes; disseminated intravascular coagulation, with thrombi in the arterial (iliac arteries, pancreatic and renal vessels) and venous (pulmonary and renal veins) beds; as well as multiple neoplastic lung masses, identified as scirrhous pulmonary adenocarcinoma, responsible for increased interstitial radiopacity. Metastasis was also identified at the tracheal bifurcation, causing radiographic changes similar to the alveolar pattern of pulmonary edema

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Um felino não definido foi admitido no HOVET / UFRA com desidratação e extenso traumatismo craniano próximo à aurícula esquerda. Foi observada uma massa localizada próxima à base das orelhas. Após verificar que o animal não melhorou a cicatrização, foi escolhida uma técnica de excisão por conchectomia. O material foi enviado para exame histopatológico, que mostrava diagnóstico morfológico de adenocarcinoma de provável origem apócrina grau II / III. A radiação ultravioleta da luz solar é um fator que pode contribuir para a formação de carcinoma espinocelular nas extremidades das orelhas de gatos de vida livre com pelagem leve.

A no defined bred feline was admitted to the HOVET/UFRA with dehydration and extensive head injury near the left auricle. A mass located near the base of the ears was observed. After verifying that the animal did not improve healing, an excision by conchectomy technique was chosen. The material was sent for histopathological examination, which showed a morphological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of probable grade II / III apocrine origin. Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight is a fator that can contribute to the formation of squamous cell carcinoma on the ends of the ears of free-living cats with light coat.

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Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of the EtOAc extract of U. longissima which is uninvestigated previously on esophagogastric cancer induced in rats with N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin (MNNG). Methods: The anticancer activity of EtOAc extract of U. longissima was examined in the esophagogastric adenocarcinoma models induced in rats with MNNG. EtOAc extract of U. longissima, 50 and 100 mg/kg oral doses were administered once daily for six months. MNNG induced differentiated and undifferentiated type adenocarcinomas in the esophageal and gastric tissues of rats. Results: EtOAc extract of U. longissima obtained from U. longissima prevented gastric and esophageal cancerogenesis induced in rats with MNNG. EtOAc extract of U. longissima did not have a lethal effect at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. The prominent anticarcinogenic activity of EtOAc extract of U. longissima 50 and 100 mg/kg suggests that it is not toxic and it is selective to the cancer tissue. Conclusion: This information may shed light on clinical implementation of EtOAc extract of U. longissima in future.

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Background: Intestinal neoplasms are uncommon in dogs and adenocarcinoma is the main histological type found. Thisneoplasm presents slow growth and high capacity of causing metastasis. Histologically speaking, neoplasm cells can presentsolid, tubular, papillary arrangement and note amorphous extra-cellular material. Clinically observed tenesmus, diarrhea,dyskinesia, hematochezia, mane, protrusion of the anus, weight loss, anorexia. The occurrence and clinicopathologicalaspects of tumors in dogs’ gastrointestinal tract, the rectal segment, remains poorly understood. Accordingly, the aim ofthe present study is to report a case on infiltrative rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed in a dog.Case: A 7-year-old male dog representative of the Fila Brasileiro breed was presented to the Veterinary Hospital of University Federal Rural of Amazonia, with history of hyperthermia, anorexia, apathy and tenesmus. Imaging examinationsdepicted prostatomegaly. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and showed the thickening and hardening of the rectumsegment. The animal was subjected to euthanasia. Necroscopy showed increased rectal perimeter; the mucosa in its opening presented atypical cerebroid aspect and irregular surface, and areas dark red. The rectal segment depicted a thick wallof white color, irregular limits covering the muscular and adjacent sub-mucosa. The peri-rectal adipose tissue presentedpoor delimitation with the rectum, multiple greyish and reddish areas. Increased prostate and iliac lymph, and multi nodeof regular limits in the lungs. The histology of the rectal tissue depicted epithelium with differentiated neoformation,composed of atypical cells; nuclear anisocytosis, anisocariasis and hyperchromasia placed in small islands, cords or tubular formation. Neoplasm growth was unorganized and of infiltrative character. Some areas presented mucosal patterncells with Signal Ring morphologic. Multiple rectal blood...

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As neoplasias pulmonares são neoformações benignas ou malignas resultantes do crescimento celular anormal e descontrolado e podem ser etiologicamente classificadas em primárias, metastáticas ou secundárias e multissistêmicas. Tanto na espécie humana quanto na canina, as neoplasias metastáticas pulmonares são muito mais frequentes do que as primárias, consideradas relativamente incomuns e, quando presentes, são em sua maioria malignas. O câncer é uma das principais causas de morte em cães e humanos e seus sintomas são inespecíficos, por isso são necessários exames complementares para realizar um diagnóstico precoce e eficaz. O diagnóstico precoce está diretamente relacionado ao prognóstico do paciente, pois quanto mais cedo for realizado, mais cedo a terapia poderá ser implantada. É preferível iniciar o tratamento antes da ocorrência das metástases, o qual se baseia na ressecção cirúrgica em tumores operáveis associada à quimio ou radioterapia. A busca por semelhanças do câncer primário de tecido pulmonar de cães e de humanos possibilita o desenvolvimento de uma terapia que possa ser eficaz para ambas as espécies. Neste estudo, foi realizado um levantamento casuístico de um laboratório de patologia veterinária abrangendo 166 amostras de pulmão canino com diagnóstico histopatológico de neoplasia pulmonar primária entre os anos 2011 e 2021. O levantamento destes dados evidenciou maior incidência de casos de adenocarcinoma (96,4%), seguido pelo carcinoma de células escamosas (3%) e carcinoma de células grandes (0,6%). Também, observou predominância de amostras provenientes de animais do sexo feminino, de raças de pequeno a médio porte. Ao comparar os dados referentes ao levantamento casuístico e referências literárias da medicina veterinária e humana, concluiu-se que as neoplasias pulmonares assemelham-se sob diversos aspectos nas espécies humana e canina.

Lung neoplasms are benign or malignant neoformations resulting from abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth and can be etiologically classified as primary, metastatic or secondary and multisystemic. In both humans and dogs, metastatic lung neoplasms are much more frequent than primary ones, considered relatively uncommon and, when present, are mostly malignant. Cancer is one of the main causes of death in dogs and humans and its symptoms are non-specific, so complementary tests are needed to make an early and effective diagnosis. Early diagnosis is directly related to the patient's prognosis, because the sooner it is performed, the sooner the therapy can be implemented. It is preferable to start treatment before the occurrence of metastases, which is based on surgical resection in operable tumors associated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The search for similarities in primary lung tissue cancer in dogs and humans makes it possible to develop a therapy that could be effective for both species. In this study, a case-by-case survey was carried out in a veterinary pathology laboratory covering 166 canine lung samples with a histopathological diagnosis of primary lung cancer between 2011 and 2021. The analysis of these data showed a higher incidence of adenocarcinoma cases (96,4%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (3%) and large cell carcinoma (0,6%). There was also a predominance of samples from female animals, from small to medium- sized breeds. Comparing the data referring to the casuistic survey and literary references of veterinary and human medicine, it was concluded that lung neoplasms are similar in several aspects in the human and canine species.

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Adrenalectomy is the most appropriate treatment for unilateral adrenal tumors. This study aimed at describing the epidemiological characteristics and perioperative behavior of canine patients submitted to adrenalectomy at Anhembi Morumbi Veterinary Hospital. Out of 13 dogs, eight were pure breeds and five were mixed breeds; 12 females, aged 9.5 ± 2.5 years old. Regarding the tumors, seven were located on the right and histopathological analysis revealed cortical adenoma in 11 and adenocarcinoma in only two dogs. Two cases had hypercortisolism recurrence associated with hyperplasia in the contralateral adrenal, as confirmed by ACTH stimulation test. The results of this study indicate that adrenalectomy is a safe procedure with few perioperative complications, despite the possibility of hypercortisolism recurrence.(AU)

Adrenalectomia é o tratamento mais indicado para neoplasias adrenais unilaterais. Objetivou-se descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos e o comportamento perioperatório em cães submetidos a adrenalectomia no Hospital Veterinário Anhembi Morumbi. Dos 13 casos, oito eram cães de raças puras e cinco eram SRD; 12 eram fêmeas e de idade de 9,5 ± 2,5 anos. Das massas adrenais, sete eram em lado direito. Os exames histopatológicos revelaram adenoma cortical em 11 cães e adenocarcinoma em dois. Dois casos recidivaram a condição de hipercortisolemia, associada à hiperplasia, na adrenal contralateral, confirmados pelo teste de estimulação por ACTH. Concluiu-se que a adrenalectomia é um procedimento seguro, com poucas complicações perioperatórias, ressalvando-se a possiblidade de recidiva do quadro de hipercortisolismo.(AU)

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O carcinoma de saco anal é uma neoplasia marcada por comportamento agressivo, com diversas formas de terapia relatadas. A cirurgia permanece como tratamento de eleição, sendo, no entanto, controversa em casos avançados e com metástase instalada. Os fatores prognósticos conhecidos, são igualmente controversos, e dessa forma, novos estudos têm sido realizados buscando novos marcadores prognósticos e preditivos. O HER2 é uma proteína de membrana relacionada ao processo de tumorigênese, comprovadamente expressa em diferentes tipos tumorais, na medicina humana e veterinária. O Ki67, por sua vez, é uma proteína nuclear, com função relacionada à proliferação celular que atua, como importante marcador prognóstico no câncer. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a imunoexpressão dos marcadores HER2 e Ki67 em casos de carcinoma de saco anal canino. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, acerca do carcinoma de saco anal em caninos, com um N de 260 casos. Posteriormente, foram obtidas amostras de carcinoma de saco anal, incluídas em parafina, junto ao laboratório parceiro, divididas em quatro grupos: maior diâmetro tumoral menor que 2,5cm, maior diâmetro tumoral maior que 2,5cm, linfonodos metastáticos e grupo controle. Cada grupo foi representado por um N de 10 amostras, sendo então realizada imunomarcação para os marcadores HER2 e Ki67. Foi encontrado um maior acometimento em animais adultos a idosos, do sexo feminino e sem raça definida. Em relação ao tamanho tumoral, observou-se que os tumores frequentemente são diagnosticados já com dimensões elevadas. Quanto a avaliação imunoistoquímica, a marcação de HER2 foi positiva em 45% dos casos de tumor primário, com marcação 100% negativa no grupo controle, composto por amostras de saco anal íntegro. A imunoexpressão do Ki67 teve mediana de 25% em todos os grupos avaliados, com exceção do grupo controle, com mediana de 8% de imunoexpressão. Não houve associação entre a imunoexpressão do HER2 ou do Ki67 nos diferentes tamanhos tumorais, nem na comparação de tumores primários e metastáticos. O estudo demonstrou que a imunoexpressão do HER2 e do Ki67 está presente em carcinomas de saco anal, representando um potencial alvo terapêutico, diferindo dos sacos anais não neoplásicos.

Anal sac carcinoma is a neoplasm marked by aggressive behavior, with several forms of therapy reported. Surgery remains the treatment of choice, although it is controversial in advanced cases with established metastasis. The known prognostic factors are equally controversial, and thus, new studies have been carried out looking for new prognostic and predictive markers. HER2 is a membrane protein related to the tumorigenesis process, proven to be expressed in different tumor types in Human and Veterinary Medicine. Ki67 is a nuclear protein, with function related to cell proliferation that acts as an important prognostic marker in cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of HER2 and Ki67 markers in cases of canine anal sac carcinoma. Initially, a retrospective study was carried out on anal sac carcinoma in canines, with an N of 260 cases. Subsequently, samples of anal sac carcinoma, embedded in paraffin, were obtained from the partner laboratory, divided into four groups: largest tumor diameter less than 2.5 cm, largest tumor diameter greater than 2.5 cm, metastatic lymph nodes and control group. Each group was represented by an N of 10 samples, and immunostaining for markers HER2 and Ki67 was then performed. A greater involvement was found in adult to elderly animals, female and mixed breed. Regarding the tumor size, it was observed that tumors are often diagnosed with high dimensions. As for the immunohistochemical evaluation, HER2 staining was positive in 45% of the primary tumor cases, with 100% negative staining in the control group, composed of intact anal sac samples. Ki67 immunoexpression had a median of 25% in all groups evaluated, with the exception of the control group, with a median of 8% immunoexpression. There was no association between HER2 or Ki67 immunoexpression in different tumor sizes, nor in the comparison of primary and metastatic tumors. The study demonstrated that HER2 and Ki67 immunoexpression is present in anal sac carcinomas, representing a potential therapeutic target, differing from non-neoplastic anal sacs.

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Carcinoma pulmonar primário (CPP) é uma neoplasia infrequente em gatos, com características morfológicas particulares. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os padrões macroscópicos, histológicos e metastáticos do CPP felino. Para isso, os arquivos de exame post-mortem do Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul foram revisados entre janeiro de 2011 e novembro de 2021. Foram encontrados 42 casos nos anos analisados, dos quais 39 foram selecionados. Aparentes predisposições em gatos idosos (P < 0,001) e Persas (P = 0,039) foram observadas. Houve três distribuições macroscópicas do tumor pulmonar, caracterizadas por i) nódulo focal grande e pequenos nódulos adicionais, ii) nódulo focal solitária e iii) pequenos nódulos multifocais a coalescentes em todos os lobos, mimetizando uma distribuição difusa. Metástases extrapulmonares estiveram presentes em 22/39 (56,4%) casos, principalmente em linfonodos regionais (17/39, 43,5%), músculos esqueléticos (9/39, 23%), rins (6/39, 15,3%), pleura parietal (4/39, 10,2%), olhos (3/39, 7,6%) e pele (3/39, 7,6%). O tamanho do tumor pulmonar foi associado à ocorrência de metástases extrapulmonares (P = 0,002). Histologicamente, os tumores pulmonares foram classificados como adenocarcinoma papilar (19/39, 48,7%), carcinoma adenoescamoso (8/39, 20,5%), adenocarcinoma acinar (6/39, 15,3%), adenocarcinoma sólido (3/39, 7,6%), adenocarcinoma lepídico (2/39, 5,1%) e adenocarcinoma micropapilar (1/39, 2,5%). Pela imuno-histoquímica, todos os casos foram positivos para pancitoqueratina, 34/39 (87,1%) para fator de transcrição tireoidiano-1 e 8/39 (20,5%) para vimentina. A imunorreatividade para p40 foi detectada no componente escamoso de todos os casos de carcinoma adenoescamoso (8/8, 100%) e ocasionalmente no componente glandular dos adenocarcinomas (10/31, 32,2%). Não observamos expressão de napsin A nos tumores pulmonares e tecidos normais de gatos testados. Os resultados indicam que uma classificação histológica simplificada e modificada é apropriada para a espécie. Além disso, destacam a utilidade do p40 como marcador imuno-histoquímico no diagnóstico de CPP felino com diferenciação escamosa.

ABSTRACT Feline pulmonary carcinoma (FPC) is an uncommon neoplasm with unique morphological features. We describe the gross, histological, metastatic, and immunohistochemical aspects of FPC, based on postmortem examinations from an 11-year retrospective study. Thirty-nine cases were selected. Predispositions were observed in senior (P < 0.001) and Persian (P = 0.039) cats. There were three gross patterns of the pulmonary tumors: i) a large nodule and additional smaller nodules, ii) a solitary nodule, and iii) small, multifocal to coalescent nodules. Extrapulmonary metastases were present in 22/39 cases (56.4%), mainly in the regional lymph nodes (17/39, 43.5%), skeletal muscles (9/39, 23%), kidneys (6/39, 15.3%), and parietal pleura (4/39, 10.2%). The primary tumor size was correlated with the occurrence of extrapulmonary metastases (P = 0.002). Histologically, the tumors were classified as papillary adenocarcinoma (AD) (19/39, 48.7%), adenosquamous carcinoma (ADS) (8/39, 20.5%), acinar AD (6/39, 15.3%), solid AD (3/39, 7.6%), lepidic AD (2/39, 5.1%), and micropapillary AD (1/39, 2.5%). By immunohistochemistry, 39/39 cases (100%) were positive for pancytokeratin, 34/39 (87.1%) for thyroid transcription factor-1, and 8/39 (20.5%) for vimentin. Immunoreactivity for p40 was detected in the squamous component of all ADSs (8/8, 100%) and occasionally in the glandular component of ADs (10/31, 32.2%). Napsin A expression was absent in all feline tissue tested. The results indicate that a modified and simplified histological classification based on current human and domestic animal systems is appropriate for cats. Additionally, this study highlights the utility of p40 as an immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of FPC with squamous differentiation.

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As neoplasias ovarianas são incomuns em cadelas. Na literatura atual, há poucos trabalhos sobre esse assunto, principalmente em forma de relato de caso, sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a frequência de neoplasias ovarianas primárias em cadelas e descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. Para isso, os arquivos de exame de biópsias do Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul foram revisados entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2021 e os blocos foram recuperados e utilizados na confecção de novas lâminas histológicas e de imuno-histoquímica. No período analisado foram encontrados 82 animais totalizando 83 diagnósticos de neoplasias primárias ovarianas. A faixa etária variou de dois a 17 anos com média geral de 10,3 e mediana de 11 anos. Os cães mais afetados foram os sem raça de definida (24/82; 29,2%), Poodles e Yorkshire com 8 cada (9,8%) e Boxer, Labrador e Rottweiler com 5 cada (6,0%). O tumor das células da granulosa (TCG) foi a principal neoplasia observada (31/83; 37,4%), seguida pelo adenocarcinoma papilar (15/83; 18,0%), disgerminoma (11/83; 13,2%), cistoadenoma (6/83; 7,2%), adenoma papilar (6/83; 7,2%), teratoma (4/83; 4.8%), cistoadenocarcinoma (3/83, 3,6%), luteoma (3/83; 3,6%), leiomioma (3/83; 3,6%) e hemangiossarcoma (1/83; 1,2%). A apresentação macroscópica mais comum foi na forma de massas. Essas eram com frequência multinodulares com áreas císticas, ou ocasionalmente sólidas. Tumores brancos entremeados com áreas acastanhadas foram os mais prevalentes. As neoplasias apresentaram diferentes arranjos histológicos, que incluíram cordões, fitas, mantos, feixes, e por vezes aspectos sólidos. A imuno-histoquímica foi realizada com os anticorpos vimentina, inibina, pancitoqueratina, enolase, SALL4, desmina, actina de músculo liso e fator de von Willebrand para descrever o perfil de imunomarcação das neoplasias ovarianas. Os achados desse estudo reforçam a frequência e importância das neoplasias ovarianas em cadelas. Ainda espera-se que esse trabalho facilite o diagnóstico anatomopatológico dessas neoplasias nessa espécie, o qual é ponto fundamental na escolha da melhor terapia para cada paciente.

Ovarian neoplasms are uncommon in bitches. In the current literature, there are few works on this subject, mainly in the form of case reports, therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of primary ovarian neoplasms in bitches and describe the epidemiological, anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects. For this, the biopsy examination files from the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul were reviewed between January 2011 and December 2021 and the blocks were retrieved and used in the making of new histological and immunohistochemistry slides. . In the analyzed period, 82 animals were found, totaling 83 diagnoses of primary ovarian neoplasms. The age range ranged from two to 17 years with a general mean of 10.3 and a median of 11 years. The most affected dogs were mixed breed dogs (24/82; 29.2%), Poodles and Yorkshire with 8 each (9.8%) and Boxer, Labrador and Rottweiler with 5 each (6.0%). Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) was the main neoplasm observed (31/83; 37.4%), followed by papillary adenocarcinoma (15/83; 18.0%), dysgerminoma (11/83; 13.2% ), cystadenoma (6/83; 7.2%), papillary adenoma (6/83; 7.2%), teratoma (4/83; 4.8%), cystadenocarcinoma (3/83, 3.6%), luteoma (3/83; 3.6%), leiomyoma (3/83; 3.6%) and hemangiosarcoma (1/83; 1.2%). The mostcommon macroscopic presentation was in the form of masses. These we´re often multinodular with cystic areas, or occasionally solid. White tumors interspersed with brownish areas were the most prevalent. The neoplasms presented different histological arrangements, which included cords, ribbons, mantles, bundles, and sometimes solid aspects. Immunohistochemistry was performed with vimentin, inhibin, pancytokeratin, enolase, SALL4, desmin, smooth muscle actin and von Willebrand factor antibodies to describe the immunostaining profile of ovarian neoplasms. The findings of this study reinforce the frequency and importance of ovarian neoplasms in bitches. It is still expected that this work will facilitate the anatomopathological diagnosis of these neoplasms in this species, which is a fundamental point in choosing the best therapy for each patient.

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An ovarian adenocarcinoma in a 16-years-old female Poodle is described. The material was sent to theVeterinary Pathology Laboratory at UFRA to macroscopic and microscopic examination using using the routineprocess technique with haematoxylin and eosin. Grossly, in the ovary multiple cysts filled with serous fluid wereobserved in both ovaries. Histologically, papillary growth and neoplastic tissue was noticed. According to thealterations observed, the diagnostic of ovarian adenocarcinoma was confirmed.