Aspectos clínicos e etiológicos da alopecia x em cães: uma revisão de literatura / Clinical and etiological aspects of alopecia X in dogs: A literature review

A alopecia X ou “aprisionamento do folículo piloso” é uma dermatopatia frequente em consultas dermatológicas veterinárias, caracterizada por um conjunto de manifestações cutâneas como a perda de pelame. Sua etiologia permanece desconhecida até os dias atuais, o que justifica a sua denominação. A suspeita é de que seja uma enfermidade de caráter hereditário, sendo interessante observar que, em áreas de trauma ou biópsia, ocorre recrescimento piloso. Acomete tanto fêmeas quanto machos, tendo predileção por machos não castrados entre um a cinco anos de idade. Atinge principalmente raças nórdicas como, por exemplo, o spitz alemão, malamute do Alasca, husky siberiano e samoieda. Pode estar relacionada a alterações endócrinas e vir acompanhada de doenças secundárias, devido à perda de proteção oferecida pela pelagem. O principal sinal clínico é a queda de pelos não inflamatória, bilateral e simétrica, pelo seco, sem brilho e com aspecto de lã, além de melanodermia e outras alterações inespecíficas. O diagnóstico pode ser dado a partir da resposta do paciente frente ao tratamento instituído. A castração dos animais acometidos é a terapia mais empregada atualmente. O médico-veterinário deve estar a par da ocorrência, sinais clínicos e tratamento dessa afecção, de maneira a orientar os tutores de forma correta. O objetivo do trabalho foi contribuir para o entendimento da alopecia X reunindo informações pertinentes.

Alopecia X or “hair follicle entrapment” is a common dermatopathy in veterinary dermatological consultations, characterized by a set of skin manifestations such as hair loss. Its etiology remains unknown to the present day, which justifies its name. The suspicion is that it is a hereditary disease, and it is interesting to note that, in areas of trauma or biopsy, hair regrowth occurs. It affects both females and males, with a predilection for uncastrated males between one to five years old. It mainly affects Nordic breeds such as the German Spitz, Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky and Samoyed. It may be related to endocrine disorders and be accompanied by secondary diseases, due to the loss of protection offered by the coat. The main clinical sign is non-inflammatory, bilateral and symmetric hair loss, dry and dull hair with a woolen appearance, in addition to melanoderma and other nonspecific alterations. The diagnosis can be made based on the patient’s response to the instituted treatment. Castration of affected animals is currently the most used therapy. The veterinarian must be aware of the occurrence, clinical signs and treatment of this condition, in order to guide tutors correctly. The objective of the work was to contribute to the understanding of alopecia X by gathering pertinent information.

Aspectos clínicos e etiológicos da alopecia x em cães: uma revisão de literatura / Clinical and etiological aspects of alopecia X in dogs: A literature review

A alopecia X ou “aprisionamento do folículo piloso” é uma dermatopatia frequente em consultas dermatológicas veterinárias, caracterizada por um conjunto de manifestações cutâneas como a perda de pelame. Sua etiologia permanece desconhecida até os dias atuais, o que justifica a sua denominação. A suspeita é de que seja uma enfermidade de caráter hereditário, sendo interessante observar que, em áreas de trauma ou biópsia, ocorre recrescimento piloso. Acomete tanto fêmeas quanto machos, tendo predileção por machos não castrados entre um a cinco anos de idade. Atinge principalmente raças nórdicas como, por exemplo, o spitz alemão, malamute do Alasca, husky siberiano e samoieda. Pode estar relacionada a alterações endócrinas e vir acompanhada de doenças secundárias, devido à perda de proteção oferecida pela pelagem. O principal sinal clínico é a queda de pelos não inflamatória, bilateral e simétrica, pelo seco, sem brilho e com aspecto de lã, além de melanodermia e outras alterações inespecíficas. O diagnóstico pode ser dado a partir da resposta do paciente frente ao tratamento instituído. A castração dos animais acometidos é a terapia mais empregada atualmente. O médico-veterinário deve estar a par da ocorrência, sinais clínicos e tratamento dessa afecção, de maneira a orientar os tutores de forma correta. O objetivo do trabalho foi contribuir para o entendimento da alopecia X reunindo informações pertinentes.(AU)

Alopecia X or “hair follicle entrapment” is a common dermatopathy in veterinary dermatological consultations, characterized by a set of skin manifestations such as hair loss. Its etiology remains unknown to the present day, which justifies its name. The suspicion is that it is a hereditary disease, and it is interesting to note that, in areas of trauma or biopsy, hair regrowth occurs. It affects both females and males, with a predilection for uncastrated males between one to five years old. It mainly affects Nordic breeds such as the German Spitz, Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky and Samoyed. It may be related to endocrine disorders and be accompanied by secondary diseases, due to the loss of protection offered by the coat. The main clinical sign is non-inflammatory, bilateral and symmetric hair loss, dry and dull hair with a woolen appearance, in addition to melanoderma and other nonspecific alterations. The diagnosis can be made based on the patients response to the instituted treatment. Castration of affected animals is currently the most used therapy. The veterinarian must be aware of the occurrence, clinical signs and treatment of this condition, in order to guide tutors correctly. The objective of the work was to contribute to the understanding of alopecia X by gathering pertinent information.(AU)

Técnica de microagulhamento para tratamento de alopecia x em cães / Microneedling technique for treatment of alopecia X in dogs

A alopecia X é uma dermatopatia hormonal que afeta principalmente raças nórdicas e tem como características a ocorrência de alopecia não inflamatória bilateral e simétrica, melanodérmica. Ela não afeta a região distal dos membros e cabeça, acometendo, sobretudo, a região cervical, dorsal e perianal. O diagnóstico é baseado nos sinais clínicos que o animal apresenta, na exclusão de dermatopatias endócrinas como hiperadrenocorticismo e hipotireoidismo, em exames laboratoriais e em biopsia cutânea. O tratamento consiste na castração, melatonina, trilostano e/ou hormônio do crescimento. Recentemente, o microagulhamento tem sido uma alternativa viável em pacientes com alopecia X. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o uso da técnica de microagulhamento em cães com alopecia X. Foram acompanhados dois cães, machos, da raça Spitz Alemão, com 2 e 5 anos de idade respectivamente, com um quadro alopécico e melanodermia na região de dorso e flanco e região cervical, caudal e perianal há mais de 2 anos. Depois de caracterizados como pacientes alopécicos X, os animais foram conduzidos à técnica de microagulhamento, exibindo repilação nas áreas alopécicas. Conclui-se dessa forma que o microagulhamento é uma técnica promissora para o tratamento da alopecia X.

Alopecia X is a hormonal dermatopathy that affects mainly Nordic breeds and has as its characteristics the occurrence of bilateral and symmetrical, melanodermic non-inflammatory alopecia. It does not affect the distal region of the limbs and head, mainly affecting the cervical, dorsal and perianal regions. The diagnosis is based on the clinical signs that the animal presents in the exclusion of endocrine dermatopathies such as hyperadrenocorticism and hypothyroidism, in laboratory tests and in cutaneous biopsy. Treatment consists of castration, melatonin, trilostan and/or growth hormone. Recently, microneedling has been a viable alternative in patients with alopecia X. The present work aimed to report the use of the microneedling technique in dogs with alopecia X. Two male German Spitz dogs, 2 and 5 years old respectively, with alopecia and melanodermia in the dorsum and flank region and cervical, caudal and perianal region for more than 2 years were followed. After being characterized as alopecia X patients, the animals were conducted to the microneedling technique, exhibiting repopulation in the alopecia areas. The conclusion is that microneedling is a promising technique for the treatment of alopecia X.

Black hair follicular dysplasia in a fox paulistinha dog: clinical and histopathological features / Displasia folicular do pelo preto em um cão Fox paulistinha–características clínicas e histopatológicas

Black hair follicular dysplasia (BHFD) is an unusual canine skin disorder defined as alopecia confined to black regions of the hair coat. First clinical abnormalities are usually noted around four weeks of age and comprise fracture of hair shafts in black-coated regions, later resulting in partial alopecia, usually, on the head, ear pinnae, neck, and back, whereas some nonblack-coated areas may exhibit normal hair. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathologic features. This article aims to report a case of black hair follicular dysplasia in a seven-month-old Fox Paulistinha male dog showing alopecia restricted to black-haired areas, in which diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological exams that showed follicular dysplasia associated with melanic accumulation in the hair shaft and in and deep dermal tissue.

A displasia folicular do cabelo preto (BHFD) é uma doença incomum da pele canina definida como alopecia confinada a regiões de pelo preto. As primeiras anormalidades clínicas são geralmente notadas em torno de quatro semanas de idade e compreendem fratura dos pelos em regiões cobertas de pelagem preta, resultando posteriormente em alopecia parcial, geralmente, na cabeça, orelha, pescoço e dorso, enquanto algumas áreas cobertas por pelos que não são pretos, podem ser normais. O diagnóstico é confirmado por características histopatológicas. Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de displasia folicular do pelo preto em um cão macho Fox Paulistinha de sete meses de idade mostrando alopecia restrita a áreas de pelos pretos, em que o diagnóstico foi confirmado por exames histopatológicos que mostraram displasia folicular associada ao acúmulo melânico no folículo piloso e no tecido dérmico profundo.

Idiopathic seasonal alopecia in horse: case report / Alopecia sazonal idiopática em equino: relato de caso

This report describes the first case of idiopathic seasonal alopecia in a horse in Brazil. The disease is of unknown etiology, characterized by alopecic processes in the thoracic and lateral abdominal regions, in a bilaterally symmetrical way. An eight-year-old male grade horse was treated presenting hair loss in a bilaterally symmetrical manner in the arm and abdomen areas, without any other associated clinical signs. The areas with alopecia showed no pruritus, inflammation or scaling. On the epidermis, the histological evaluation presented irregular hyperplasia, hyperpigmentation, compact orthokeratosis, edema and an inflammatory infiltrate. The hair follicles were active and containing hair shaft. The case was monitored with photographic records for two consecutive years (2012 to 2014), in which the hair fall occurred at the end of autumn with spontaneous hair growth in the middle of the summer. The diagnosis was based on the history, histopathology and photographic follow-up performed. Although mentioned in the literature, this is the first clinical and pathological description of such disorder affecting an equine in Brazil.(AU)

Relata-se o primeiro caso de alopecia sazonal idiopática em um equino no Brasil, doença de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada por processos alopécicos, nas regiões torácicas e abdominais laterais, de forma simétrica bilateralmente. Um equino mestiço, macho, de oito anos de idade, foi atendido sob queixa de perda dos pelos em regiões do tórax e do abdômen, simétrica bilateralmente, sem qualquer outro sinal clínico associado. As regiões alopécicas não apresentavam prurido, inflamação nem descamação. A avaliação histológica revelou, na epiderme, hiperplasia irregular, hiperpigmentação e ortoqueratose compacta, edema e infiltrado inflamatório. Os folículos pilosos estavam ativos e contendo hastes de pelos. O caso foi acompanhado com registros fotográficos durante dois anos consecutivos (2012 a 2014), com a queda do pelo acontecendo no final do outono e com retorno espontâneo em meados do verão. O diagnóstico baseou-se no histórico, na histopatologia e no acompanhamento fotográfico. Mesmo sendo mencionada na literatura, esta é a primeira descrição clínico-patológica de tal distúrbio acometendo um equino no Brasil.(AU)

Black hair follicular dysplasia in a fox paulistinha dog: clinical and histopathological features / Displasia folicular do pelo preto em um cão Fox paulistinha–características clínicas e histopatológicas

Black hair follicular dysplasia (BHFD) is an unusual canine skin disorder defined as alopecia confined to black regions of the hair coat. First clinical abnormalities are usually noted around four weeks of age and comprise fracture of hair shafts in black-coated regions, later resulting in partial alopecia, usually, on the head, ear pinnae, neck, and back, whereas some nonblack-coated areas may exhibit normal hair. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathologic features. This article aims to report a case of black hair follicular dysplasia in a seven-month-old Fox Paulistinha male dog showing alopecia restricted to black-haired areas, in which diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological exams that showed follicular dysplasia associated with melanic accumulation in the hair shaft and in and deep dermal tissue.

A displasia folicular do cabelo preto (BHFD) é uma doença incomum da pele canina definida como alopecia confinada a regiões de pelo preto. As primeiras anormalidades clínicas são geralmente notadas em torno de quatro semanas de idade e compreendem fratura dos pelos em regiões cobertas de pelagem preta, resultando posteriormente em alopecia parcial, geralmente, na cabeça, orelha, pescoço e dorso, enquanto algumas áreas cobertas por pelos que não são pretos, podem ser normais. O diagnóstico é confirmado por características histopatológicas. Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de displasia folicular do pelo preto em um cão macho Fox Paulistinha de sete meses de idade mostrando alopecia restrita a áreas de pelos pretos, em que o diagnóstico foi confirmado por exames histopatológicos que mostraram displasia folicular associada ao acúmulo melânico no folículo piloso e no tecido dérmico profundo.(AU)

Técnica de microagulhamento para tratamento de alopecia x em cães / Microneedling technique for treatment of alopecia X in dogs

A alopecia X é uma dermatopatia hormonal que afeta principalmente raças nórdicas e tem como características a ocorrência de alopecia não inflamatória bilateral e simétrica, melanodérmica. Ela não afeta a região distal dos membros e cabeça, acometendo, sobretudo, a região cervical, dorsal e perianal. O diagnóstico é baseado nos sinais clínicos que o animal apresenta, na exclusão de dermatopatias endócrinas como hiperadrenocorticismo e hipotireoidismo, em exames laboratoriais e em biopsia cutânea. O tratamento consiste na castração, melatonina, trilostano e/ou hormônio do crescimento. Recentemente, o microagulhamento tem sido uma alternativa viável em pacientes com alopecia X. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o uso da técnica de microagulhamento em cães com alopecia X. Foram acompanhados dois cães, machos, da raça Spitz Alemão, com 2 e 5 anos de idade respectivamente, com um quadro alopécico e melanodermia na região de dorso e flanco e região cervical, caudal e perianal há mais de 2 anos. Depois de caracterizados como pacientes alopécicos X, os animais foram conduzidos à técnica de microagulhamento, exibindo repilação nas áreas alopécicas. Conclui-se dessa forma que o microagulhamento é uma técnica promissora para o tratamento da alopecia X.(AU)

Alopecia X is a hormonal dermatopathy that affects mainly Nordic breeds and has as its characteristics the occurrence of bilateral and symmetrical, melanodermic non-inflammatory alopecia. It does not affect the distal region of the limbs and head, mainly affecting the cervical, dorsal and perianal regions. The diagnosis is based on the clinical signs that the animal presents in the exclusion of endocrine dermatopathies such as hyperadrenocorticism and hypothyroidism, in laboratory tests and in cutaneous biopsy. Treatment consists of castration, melatonin, trilostan and/or growth hormone. Recently, microneedling has been a viable alternative in patients with alopecia X. The present work aimed to report the use of the microneedling technique in dogs with alopecia X. Two male German Spitz dogs, 2 and 5 years old respectively, with alopecia and melanodermia in the dorsum and flank region and cervical, caudal and perianal region for more than 2 years were followed. After being characterized as alopecia X patients, the animals were conducted to the microneedling technique, exhibiting repopulation in the alopecia areas. The conclusion is that microneedling is a promising technique for the treatment of alopecia X.(AU)

Idiopathic seasonal alopecia in horse: case report / Alopecia sazonal idiopática em equino: relato de caso

This report describes the first case of idiopathic seasonal alopecia in a horse in Brazil. The disease is of unknown etiology, characterized by alopecic processes in the thoracic and lateral abdominal regions, in a bilaterally symmetrical way. An eight-year-old male grade horse was treated presenting hair loss in a bilaterally symmetrical manner in the arm and abdomen areas, without any other associated clinical signs. The areas with alopecia showed no pruritus, inflammation or scaling. On the epidermis, the histological evaluation presented irregular hyperplasia, hyperpigmentation, compact orthokeratosis, edema and an inflammatory infiltrate. The hair follicles were active and containing hair shaft. The case was monitored with photographic records for two consecutive years (2012 to 2014), in which the hair fall occurred at the end of autumn with spontaneous hair growth in the middle of the summer. The diagnosis was based on the history, histopathology and photographic follow-up performed. Although mentioned in the literature, this is the first clinical and pathological description of such disorder affecting an equine in Brazil.(AU)

Relata-se o primeiro caso de alopecia sazonal idiopática em um equino no Brasil, doença de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada por processos alopécicos, nas regiões torácicas e abdominais laterais, de forma simétrica bilateralmente. Um equino mestiço, macho, de oito anos de idade, foi atendido sob queixa de perda dos pelos em regiões do tórax e do abdômen, simétrica bilateralmente, sem qualquer outro sinal clínico associado. As regiões alopécicas não apresentavam prurido, inflamação nem descamação. A avaliação histológica revelou, na epiderme, hiperplasia irregular, hiperpigmentação e ortoqueratose compacta, edema e infiltrado inflamatório. Os folículos pilosos estavam ativos e contendo hastes de pelos. O caso foi acompanhado com registros fotográficos durante dois anos consecutivos (2012 a 2014), com a queda do pelo acontecendo no final do outono e com retorno espontâneo em meados do verão. O diagnóstico baseou-se no histórico, na histopatologia e no acompanhamento fotográfico. Mesmo sendo mencionada na literatura, esta é a primeira descrição clínico-patológica de tal distúrbio acometendo um equino no Brasil.(AU)

Sertolioma in a Canadian Husky: relationship between tumor, hormones, neurons and skin

Background: Sertolioma is a slow-growing, non-invasive, firm and nodular tumor, malignant in 10% to 22% of cases andwith low metastatic potential. Old age and cryptorchidism increase up to 26 times its chances of development and associates it with malignancy. Paraneoplastic syndrome, shown in 20% to 30% of the animals, is due to the aromatization oftestosterone or the direct production of estrogen by tumor cells, leading to signs of feminization and bone marrow aplasia.The objective of this article is to report a case of sertolioma in a dog with dermatological characteristic symptoms, butpresenting an unusual aggressive behavior, both completely reverted after castration.Case: A 9-year-old, uncastrated, aggressive and uncontrollable Canadian Husky dog was treated at the InstitutionalVeterinary Hospital with parapenial volume increase and generalized alopecia. A scrotal testis of reduced size and flaccid consistency and a mass in a parapenial region of 11 x 7.5 x 8 cm in diameter, with a cystic contour, adhered to theabdominal musculature and painless to palpation were detected. Cytology of the parapenial mass presented an imagecompatible with seminoma or sertolioma, and the preputial smear revealed a predominance of superficial cells. Ultrasoundexamination showed a heterogeneous inguinal mass, with expansive cystic area, compatible with mass in retained inguinaltestis. Therapeutic course consisted of bilateral orchiectomy. Ectopic testis was firm to the cut, had whitish to yellowishcoloration and was surrounded by a tunica containing 200 mL of serosanguinolent liquid. The histology of the mass revealed sertolioma-compatible cell characteristics, with cell proliferation circumvented by fibrous connective tissue formingpoorly delimited lobes, moderate polymorphism with elongated cells, arranged in a palisade at the periphery of the lobes,vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesiculous...(AU)

Sertolioma in a Canadian Husky: relationship between tumor, hormones, neurons and skin

Background: Sertolioma is a slow-growing, non-invasive, firm and nodular tumor, malignant in 10% to 22% of cases andwith low metastatic potential. Old age and cryptorchidism increase up to 26 times its chances of development and associates it with malignancy. Paraneoplastic syndrome, shown in 20% to 30% of the animals, is due to the aromatization oftestosterone or the direct production of estrogen by tumor cells, leading to signs of feminization and bone marrow aplasia.The objective of this article is to report a case of sertolioma in a dog with dermatological characteristic symptoms, butpresenting an unusual aggressive behavior, both completely reverted after castration.Case: A 9-year-old, uncastrated, aggressive and uncontrollable Canadian Husky dog was treated at the InstitutionalVeterinary Hospital with parapenial volume increase and generalized alopecia. A scrotal testis of reduced size and flaccid consistency and a mass in a parapenial region of 11 x 7.5 x 8 cm in diameter, with a cystic contour, adhered to theabdominal musculature and painless to palpation were detected. Cytology of the parapenial mass presented an imagecompatible with seminoma or sertolioma, and the preputial smear revealed a predominance of superficial cells. Ultrasoundexamination showed a heterogeneous inguinal mass, with expansive cystic area, compatible with mass in retained inguinaltestis. Therapeutic course consisted of bilateral orchiectomy. Ectopic testis was firm to the cut, had whitish to yellowishcoloration and was surrounded by a tunica containing 200 mL of serosanguinolent liquid. The histology of the mass revealed sertolioma-compatible cell characteristics, with cell proliferation circumvented by fibrous connective tissue formingpoorly delimited lobes, moderate polymorphism with elongated cells, arranged in a palisade at the periphery of the lobes,vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesiculous...

Biological indicators of animal welfare in rodents in the biological essay laboratory of the University of Costa Rica: evaluation protocols / Indicadores biológicos de bem-estar animal nos roedores no laboratório de ensaios biológicos da Universidade de Costa Rica: protocolo de avaliação

Animal welfare can be affected by many factors that compromise both physical and mental health, that is why the more objective relationships are provided, the greater the likelihood of identifying the state of well-being of the animals. The purpose of this paper was to provide a rapid assessment protocol for biological indicators of animal welfare. The protocol was validated by two workers from the bioterium of the Biological Essay Laboratory of the University of Costa Rica by applying it in two animal colonies: female and male HSD:SD rats, and female and male HSD: IC mice. The evaluators reported two types of affections such as the presence of hematoporphyrin in rats and the presence of alopecia in mice. In both colonies, these results showed that there are no differences with the proposed tool.

O bem-estar animal pode ver-se afetado por muitos fatores que comprometem tanto a saúde física como a psíquica do animal, razão pela qual entre mais parâmetros objetivos sejam fornecidos, maior será a probabilidade de identificar o estado de bem-estar de nossos animais. O fim deste trabalho foi fornecer um protocolo de avaliação rápida para indicadores biológicos de bem-estar animal. O protocolo foi avaliado por dois funcionários do bioterio de produção em dois colônias de animais. Ratos fêmeas e machos HSD:SD e camundongos fêmeas e machos ICR. Os avaliadores reportaram dois tipos de afetações: a presença de porfirina nos ratos e a presença de barbering nos camundongos. Em ambas as colônias estes resultados se apresentaram em diferentes estados fisiológicos dos animais. Os resultados amostraram que ambos os avaliadores não amostraram diferenças com a ferramenta proposta de avaliação.

Biological indicators of animal welfare in rodents in the biological essay laboratory of the University of Costa Rica: evaluation protocols / Indicadores biológicos de bem-estar animal nos roedores no laboratório de ensaios biológicos da Universidade de Costa Rica: protocolo de avaliação

Animal welfare can be affected by many factors that compromise both physical and mental health, that is why the more objective relationships are provided, the greater the likelihood of identifying the state of well-being of the animals. The purpose of this paper was to provide a rapid assessment protocol for biological indicators of animal welfare. The protocol was validated by two workers from the bioterium of the Biological Essay Laboratory of the University of Costa Rica by applying it in two animal colonies: female and male HSD:SD rats, and female and male HSD: IC mice. The evaluators reported two types of affections such as the presence of hematoporphyrin in rats and the presence of alopecia in mice. In both colonies, these results showed that there are no differences with the proposed tool.(AU)

O bem-estar animal pode ver-se afetado por muitos fatores que comprometem tanto a saúde física como a psíquica do animal, razão pela qual entre mais parâmetros objetivos sejam fornecidos, maior será a probabilidade de identificar o estado de bem-estar de nossos animais. O fim deste trabalho foi fornecer um protocolo de avaliação rápida para indicadores biológicos de bem-estar animal. O protocolo foi avaliado por dois funcionários do bioterio de produção em dois colônias de animais. Ratos fêmeas e machos HSD:SD e camundongos fêmeas e machos ICR. Os avaliadores reportaram dois tipos de afetações: a presença de porfirina nos ratos e a presença de barbering nos camundongos. Em ambas as colônias estes resultados se apresentaram em diferentes estados fisiológicos dos animais. Os resultados amostraram que ambos os avaliadores não amostraram diferenças com a ferramenta proposta de avaliação.(AU)

Escabiose canina com transmissão transitória para humanos / Canine scabies with transitory transmission for human

Canine scabiosis is a dermatopathy caused by a sarcoptes scabiei mite, of a zoonotic nature, which presents with intense itching and alopecia. Treatment is mandatory for both the animal and the human. It usually affects pups and they live in agglomerations such as kennels, street animals, and petshop. It is therefore essential to care for the health of a new animal and the periodicity of such care, and the hygiene of the environment and objects such as containers, beds, clothes, covers, toys to avoid re-infestation of the animal, and people in touch.

Escabiose canina com transmissão transitória para humanos / Canine scabies with transitory transmission for human

Canine scabiosis is a dermatopathy caused by a sarcoptes scabiei mite, of a zoonotic nature, which presents with intense itching and alopecia. Treatment is mandatory for both the animal and the human. It usually affects pups and they live in agglomerations such as kennels, street animals, and petshop. It is therefore essential to care for the health of a new animal and the periodicity of such care, and the hygiene of the environment and objects such as containers, beds, clothes, covers, toys to avoid re-infestation of the animal, and people in touch.(AU)

Tratamento prévio com trilostano e levotiroxina em subdose dificultam diagnóstico de hipotireoidismo canino / Previous treatment with trilostane and levotiroxin in subdosis difficult the diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism

Background: hypothyroidism is a disease of clinical importance that causes multisystem disorders, which can be confused with other endocrinopathies. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is necessary in order to avoid worsening of the clinical manifestation. The use of drugs in a wrong way can directly imply the difficulty of the diagnostic approach, since they may cause changes in the biochemical profiles, which are of great importance as markers in diseases of animals with low thyroid function.Case: The case reports a German Spitz male, one year old and six months old, neutered, who presented bilateral do not cause itching alopecia, being treated by another professional for endocrine and fungal affections. In this same medical appointment were neglected biochemical and hematological profile exams. The exams that had been performed were skin scrapings, which showed growth of fungi and bacteria, besides the measurement of thyroid hormones as TSH, T4L (T4 free) e T3, and also the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. Based on the findings the therapy instituted by such professional was the administration of itraconazole (ITL®), levothyroxine sodium (compounded drugs) and trilostane (compounded drugs). With absence of clinical improvement, the guardian came to the hospital veterinary, in search of a second diagnostic opinion, where during the collection of information at the time of the anamnesis the patient presented lethargy, drowsiness and absence of hair on both sides. During the clinical examination, the animal presented mild bradycardia and a slightly diminished rectal temperature; in the dermatological evaluation the presence of pup pelt, cutaneous hyperpigmentation and hair thinning in the abdominal area were noted. From this evaluation, hematological exams were requested, which had altered the presence of lymphocytosis, and biochemical tests, where changes in the cholesterol and triglyceride levels were expected, but they were within the normal range.[...](AU)

Tratamento prévio com trilostano e levotiroxina em subdose dificultam diagnóstico de hipotireoidismo canino / Previous treatment with trilostane and levotiroxin in subdosis difficult the diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism

Background: hypothyroidism is a disease of clinical importance that causes multisystem disorders, which can be confused with other endocrinopathies. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is necessary in order to avoid worsening of the clinical manifestation. The use of drugs in a wrong way can directly imply the difficulty of the diagnostic approach, since they may cause changes in the biochemical profiles, which are of great importance as markers in diseases of animals with low thyroid function.Case: The case reports a German Spitz male, one year old and six months old, neutered, who presented bilateral do not cause itching alopecia, being treated by another professional for endocrine and fungal affections. In this same medical appointment were neglected biochemical and hematological profile exams. The exams that had been performed were skin scrapings, which showed growth of fungi and bacteria, besides the measurement of thyroid hormones as TSH, T4L (T4 free) e T3, and also the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. Based on the findings the therapy instituted by such professional was the administration of itraconazole (ITL®), levothyroxine sodium (compounded drugs) and trilostane (compounded drugs). With absence of clinical improvement, the guardian came to the hospital veterinary, in search of a second diagnostic opinion, where during the collection of information at the time of the anamnesis the patient presented lethargy, drowsiness and absence of hair on both sides. During the clinical examination, the animal presented mild bradycardia and a slightly diminished rectal temperature; in the dermatological evaluation the presence of pup pelt, cutaneous hyperpigmentation and hair thinning in the abdominal area were noted. From this evaluation, hematological exams were requested, which had altered the presence of lymphocytosis, and biochemical tests, where changes in the cholesterol and triglyceride levels were expected, but they were within the normal range.[...]

Intoxicação natural e experimental por Leucaena leucocephala em equinos / Natural and experimental Leucaena leucocephala poisoning in horses

Este trabalho investigou as principais alterações clínicas e dermatopatológicas de equinos intoxicados natural e experimentalmente por Leucaena leucocephala. Os surtos ocorreram nos estados de São Paulo e Goiás, onde seis cavalos após a ingestão de casca e/ou folhas de L. leucocephala apresentaram alopecia, principalmente na crina e cauda. Nesses animais o diagnóstico foi baseado na observação da ingestão da planta e dos sinais clínicos. Nos animais intoxicados experimentalmente, foi realizado o exame clínico, biópsias da pele das regiões de crina, dorso e cauda e foi feita dosagem sérica de tri-iodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4). Alopecia da crina e cauda foi o principal sinal clínico observado, seguido de anorexia, emagrecimento e apatia em todos os equinos. Os níveis de T3 e T4 total apresentaram redução significativa (p≤0,05) na terceira semana de ingestão da leucena quando comparado aos níveis basais. As alterações histológicas observadas nas biópsias de pele demonstram acentuada telogenização dos folículos pilosos ao final dos experimentos. Os achados clínico-patológicos em equinos intoxicados são semelhantes aos observados em ruminantes. A intoxicação experimental de equinos por L. leucocephala evidenciou o acentuado declínio dos níveis dos hormônios tireoideanos, sugerindo efeito bociogênico da mimosina e seus compostos derivados, com hipotireoidismo transitório e alopecia devido à acentuada redução da atividade folicular.(AU)

This paper reports the main clinical changes of natural and experimentally poisoning by Leucaena leucocephala in horses. Outbreaks of poisoning occurred in São Paulo and Goiás States, where six horses after ingestion of bark and/or leaves of the plant showed alopecia mainly in mane and tail. The diagnosis was based on the observation of plant intake and clinical signs. In horses experimentally poisoned, clinical examination was performed and skin biopsies were taken from mane, back and tail regions, and triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) serum levels were assayed. Alopecia in mane and tail was the main clinical sign, accompanied by anorexia, weight loss and lethargy in all horses. T3 and total T4 showed significant decrease in serum levels (p≤0.05) in the third week of leucaena intake compared with baseline levels. Marked telogenization of hair follicles at the end of the experiments were observed in skin biopsies. The clinical and pathological findings in poisoned horses are similar to those observed in ruminants. Experimental poisoning of horses by the plant highlights the marked decline in levels of thyroid hormones, suggesting goitrogenic effect of mimosine and its derived compounds, with transient hypothyroidism and alopecia due to accentuated reduction in follicular activity.(AU)

Intoxicação natural e experimental por Leucaena leucocephala em equinos / Natural and experimental Leucaena leucocephala poisoning in horses

Este trabalho investigou as principais alterações clínicas e dermatopatológicas de equinos intoxicados natural e experimentalmente por Leucaena leucocephala. Os surtos ocorreram nos estados de São Paulo e Goiás, onde seis cavalos após a ingestão de casca e/ou folhas de L. leucocephala apresentaram alopecia, principalmente na crina e cauda. Nesses animais o diagnóstico foi baseado na observação da ingestão da planta e dos sinais clínicos. Nos animais intoxicados experimentalmente, foi realizado o exame clínico, biópsias da pele das regiões de crina, dorso e cauda e foi feita dosagem sérica de tri-iodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4). Alopecia da crina e cauda foi o principal sinal clínico observado, seguido de anorexia, emagrecimento e apatia em todos os equinos. Os níveis de T3 e T4 total apresentaram redução significativa (p≤0,05) na terceira semana de ingestão da leucena quando comparado aos níveis basais. As alterações histológicas observadas nas biópsias de pele demonstram acentuada telogenização dos folículos pilosos ao final dos experimentos. Os achados clínico-patológicos em equinos intoxicados são semelhantes aos observados em ruminantes. A intoxicação experimental de equinos por L. leucocephala evidenciou o acentuado declínio dos níveis dos hormônios tireoideanos, sugerindo efeito bociogênico da mimosina e seus compostos derivados, com hipotireoidismo transitório e alopecia devido à acentuada redução da atividade folicular.(AU)

This paper reports the main clinical changes of natural and experimentally poisoning by Leucaena leucocephala in horses. Outbreaks of poisoning occurred in São Paulo and Goiás States, where six horses after ingestion of bark and/or leaves of the plant showed alopecia mainly in mane and tail. The diagnosis was based on the observation of plant intake and clinical signs. In horses experimentally poisoned, clinical examination was performed and skin biopsies were taken from mane, back and tail regions, and triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) serum levels were assayed. Alopecia in mane and tail was the main clinical sign, accompanied by anorexia, weight loss and lethargy in all horses. T3 and total T4 showed significant decrease in serum levels (p≤0.05) in the third week of leucaena intake compared with baseline levels. Marked telogenization of hair follicles at the end of the experiments were observed in skin biopsies. The clinical and pathological findings in poisoned horses are similar to those observed in ruminants. Experimental poisoning of horses by the plant highlights the marked decline in levels of thyroid hormones, suggesting goitrogenic effect of mimosine and its derived compounds, with transient hypothyroidism and alopecia due to accentuated reduction in follicular activity.(AU)

Intoxicação natural e experimental por Leucaena leucocephala em equinos

ABSTRACT: This paper reports the main clinical changes of natural and experimentally poisoning by Leucaena leucocephala in horses. Outbreaks of poisoning occurred in São Paulo and Goiás States, where six horses after ingestion of bark and/or leaves of the plant showed alopecia mainly in mane and tail. The diagnosis was based on the observation of plant intake and clinical signs. In horses experimentally poisoned, clinical examination was performed and skin biopsies were taken from mane, back and tail regions, and triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) serum levels were assayed. Alopecia in mane and tail was the main clinical sign, accompanied by anorexia, weight loss and lethargy in all horses. T3 and total T4 showed significant decrease in serum levels (p0.05) in the third week of leucaena intake compared with baseline levels. Marked telogenization of hair follicles at the end of the experiments were observed in skin biopsies. The clinical and pathological findings in poisoned horses are similar to those observed in ruminants. Experimental poisoning of horses by the plant highlights the marked decline in levels of thyroid hormones, suggesting goitrogenic effect of mimosine and its derived compounds, with transient hypothyroidism and alopecia due to accentuated reduction in follicular activity.

RESUMO: Este trabalho investigou as principais alterações clínicas e dermatopatológicas de equinos intoxicados natural e experimentalmente por Leucaena leucocephala. Os surtos ocorreram nos estados de São Paulo e Goiás, onde seis cavalos após a ingestão de casca e/ou folhas de L. leucocephala apresentaram alopecia, principalmente na crina e cauda. Nesses animais o diagnóstico foi baseado na observação da ingestão da planta e dos sinais clínicos. Nos animais intoxicados experimentalmente, foi realizado o exame clínico, biópsias da pele das regiões de crina, dorso e cauda e foi feita dosagem sérica de tri-iodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4). Alopecia da crina e cauda foi o principal sinal clínico observado, seguido de anorexia, emagrecimento e apatia em todos os equinos. Os níveis de T3 e T4 total apresentaram redução significativa (p0,05) na terceira semana de ingestão da leucena quando comparado aos níveis basais. As alterações histológicas observadas nas biópsias de pele demonstram acentuada telogenização dos folículos pilosos ao final dos experimentos. Os achados clínico-patológicos em equinos intoxicados são semelhantes aos observados em ruminantes. A intoxicação experimental de equinos por L. leucocephala evidenciou o acentuado declínio dos níveis dos hormônios tireoideanos, sugerindo efeito bociogênico da mimosina e seus compostos derivados, com hipotireoidismo transitório e alopecia devido à acentuada redução da atividade folicular.