Micoplasmose respiratória murina em ratos (Rattus norvegicus): revisão de literatura / Murine respiratory mycoplasmosis in rats (Rattus norvegicus): literature review

O Mycoplasma pulmonis é o agente etiológico primário da micoplasmose respiratória murina (MRM), importante patologia que acomete os ratos de laboratório, animais há muito utilizados para a realização de pesquisas experimentais e que, nos últimos anos, também passaram a ser criados como animais de companhia, com crescente presença em clínicas veterinárias. A MRM, uma patologia crônica que pode se apresentar de maneira subclínica, tem a sua instalação eprogressão usualmente associadas a falhas de manejo. O conhecimento sobre a MRM em ratos, é fundamental para a convivência saudável dos tutores com esses animais, além de ser essencial para que os animais empregados em investigações científicas possibilitem a obtenção de resultados experimentais fidedignos.

Mycoplasma pulmonis is the primary etiologic agent of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM), an important pathology of laboratory rats. For a long time, rats have been used in experimental research but nowadays it was observed an increasing number of rats treated as pets with a progressive presence of them in veterinary clinics. MRM is a chronic pathology often subclinical that is usually associated with inadequate management conditions. The objective of the present paper is to emphasize the importance of MRM in rats, to make possible a healthy coexistence of these animals with their owners and also for the achievement of reliable experimental results when they were applied in scientific investigations.

Micoplasmose respiratória murina em ratos (Rattus norvegicus): revisão de literatura / Murine respiratory mycoplasmosis in rats (Rattus norvegicus): literature review

O Mycoplasma pulmonis é o agente etiológico primário da micoplasmose respiratória murina (MRM), importante patologia que acomete os ratos de laboratório, animais há muito utilizados para a realização de pesquisas experimentais e que, nos últimos anos, também passaram a ser criados como animais de companhia, com crescente presença em clínicas veterinárias. A MRM, uma patologia crônica que pode se apresentar de maneira subclínica, tem a sua instalação eprogressão usualmente associadas a falhas de manejo. O conhecimento sobre a MRM em ratos, é fundamental para a convivência saudável dos tutores com esses animais, além de ser essencial para que os animais empregados em investigações científicas possibilitem a obtenção de resultados experimentais fidedignos.(AU)

Mycoplasma pulmonis is the primary etiologic agent of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM), an important pathology of laboratory rats. For a long time, rats have been used in experimental research but nowadays it was observed an increasing number of rats treated as pets with a progressive presence of them in veterinary clinics. MRM is a chronic pathology often subclinical that is usually associated with inadequate management conditions. The objective of the present paper is to emphasize the importance of MRM in rats, to make possible a healthy coexistence of these animals with their owners and also for the achievement of reliable experimental results when they were applied in scientific investigations.(AU)

Haematological and Biochemical Profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed

Perfil hematológico e bioquímico de camundongos da linhagem Balb-c / Haematological and biochemical profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized. The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed. Hematological results obtained for males and females were: 9.19 ± 3.35 (106/mm³) and 7.3 ± 2.01(106/mm³) of RBC; 35.8 ± 6.7% and 38.44 ± 3.93% of HCT; 11.51 ± 2.17 g/dL and 11.85 ± 1.56 g/dL of HGB; 45.83 ± 15.03 fL and 60.26 ± 18.25 fL of VCM; 31.80 ± 1.15% and 31.88 ± 0.99% of MCHC; and, 5380 ± 1994.21(10³/mm³) and 3564 ± 1071(10³/mm³) of WBC. The platelet counts were 878.92 ± 84.19 and 678.28 ± 227.21, for males and females respectively.[...]

Perfil hematológico e bioquímico de camundongos da linhagem Balb-c / Haematological and biochemical profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized. The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed. Hematological results obtained for males and females were: 9.19 ± 3.35 (106/mm³) and 7.3 ± 2.01(106/mm³) of RBC; 35.8 ± 6.7% and 38.44 ± 3.93% of HCT; 11.51 ± 2.17 g/dL and 11.85 ± 1.56 g/dL of HGB; 45.83 ± 15.03 fL and 60.26 ± 18.25 fL of VCM; 31.80 ± 1.15% and 31.88 ± 0.99% of MCHC; and, 5380 ± 1994.21(10³/mm³) and 3564 ± 1071(10³/mm³) of WBC. The platelet counts were 878.92 ± 84.19 and 678.28 ± 227.21, for males and females respectively.[...](AU)

Haematological and Biochemical Profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed

Ética e experimentação animal

Medical ethics that becomes more and more consolidated and important underwent modifications because of experiences with animals. This humanitarian movement initiated some time ago is now picking the best results, with permanent attention an care regarding this aspect at the Brazilian Medical Universities. The animal involuntarily involved, contribute with medical and surgical research and should be respected. The results should benefit both

A ética médica, cada vez mais consolidada, sofre reajuste em função da ética aplicada aos animais de experimentação científica. Este movimento humanitário plantado há algum tempo, colhe os melhores frutos graças as credenciadas lideranças universitárias numa constate vigilância do assunto nas Faculdades de Medicina no Brasil. Os animais contribuindo, mesmo que involuntariamente, com o homem, se prestam a experimentação clínica e cirúrgica, desde que com respeito e cujos resultados retornem em benefícios para o homem e para eles próprios.

Haematological and Biochemical Profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed

Haematological and Biochemical Profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed

Haematological and Biochemical Profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed

Haematological and Biochemical Profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed

Ética e experimentação animal

Medical ethics that becomes more and more consolidated and important underwent modifications because of experiences with animals. This humanitarian movement initiated some time ago is now picking the best results, with permanent attention an care regarding this aspect at the Brazilian Medical Universities. The animal involuntarily involved, contribute with medical and surgical research and should be respected. The results should benefit both

A ética médica, cada vez mais consolidada, sofre reajuste em função da ética aplicada aos animais de experimentação científica. Este movimento humanitário plantado há algum tempo, colhe os melhores frutos graças as credenciadas lideranças universitárias numa constate vigilância do assunto nas Faculdades de Medicina no Brasil. Os animais contribuindo, mesmo que involuntariamente, com o homem, se prestam a experimentação clínica e cirúrgica, desde que com respeito e cujos resultados retornem em benefícios para o homem e para eles próprios.