Fatores de risco associados com a presença de infecções virais em aves domésticas na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Risk factors associated with the presence of viral diseases in domestic poultry in the Southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Background: The introduction of any infectious agent into an industrial or subsistence farm worries agribusiness owners in Brazilbecause it reduces product quality and increases treatment costs, although most diseases are untreatable, thus causing economic losseswith morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an epidemiological survey of viral diseases associated with poultry was developed by performing a detailed description of the risk factors that may be related to existing diseases using domestic poultry sample data recordedin the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) of College of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), RioGrande do Sul, Brazil, from 2000 to 2016.Materials, Methods & Results: Epidemiological and clinical-pathological data were collected and then compared with disease databy multivariate analysis using statistical EpiInfo version 6.04 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software. The frequencies and 95%confidence intervals (CI), association measures (odds ratio=OR and relative risk=RR), Chi-square test, and the results consideredsignificant with a value of P ≤ 0.05 were described. A total of 410 samples of domestic poultry were tested, and the results showed66 (16.1%) viral diseases. The following conditions were the most commonly found diseases in this study: Mareks disease (42.4%),Infectious bursal disease (31.8%), Avian leukosis (16.6%), Avian pox (7.5%) and Avian infectious bronchitis (1.5%). In this articlewe discuss the most frequent viral diseases: Mareks disease (DM) and Gumboro disease. It was also possible to conclude that birdswith Mareks disease presented higher odds of developing nerve, tegumentary and locomotors signs (P ≤ 0.05). As well as, morelikely to present tumoriform lesions in the liver, spleen, kidneys and heart P ≤ 0.05, as well as lesions in the proventriculus, musclelesions and in the sciatic nerve P ≤ 0.05. Laying poultry...(AU)

Fatores de risco associados com a presença de infecções virais em aves domésticas na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Risk factors associated with the presence of viral diseases in domestic poultry in the Southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Background: The introduction of any infectious agent into an industrial or subsistence farm worries agribusiness owners in Brazilbecause it reduces product quality and increases treatment costs, although most diseases are untreatable, thus causing economic losseswith morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an epidemiological survey of viral diseases associated with poultry was developed by performing a detailed description of the risk factors that may be related to existing diseases using domestic poultry sample data recordedin the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) of College of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), RioGrande do Sul, Brazil, from 2000 to 2016.Materials, Methods & Results: Epidemiological and clinical-pathological data were collected and then compared with disease databy multivariate analysis using statistical EpiInfo version 6.04 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software. The frequencies and 95%confidence intervals (CI), association measures (odds ratio=OR and relative risk=RR), Chi-square test, and the results consideredsignificant with a value of P ≤ 0.05 were described. A total of 410 samples of domestic poultry were tested, and the results showed66 (16.1%) viral diseases. The following conditions were the most commonly found diseases in this study: Marek’s disease (42.4%),Infectious bursal disease (31.8%), Avian leukosis (16.6%), Avian pox (7.5%) and Avian infectious bronchitis (1.5%). In this articlewe discuss the most frequent viral diseases: Marek’s disease (DM) and Gumboro disease. It was also possible to conclude that birdswith Marek’s disease presented higher odds of developing nerve, tegumentary and locomotors signs (P ≤ 0.05). As well as, morelikely to present tumoriform lesions in the liver, spleen, kidneys and heart P ≤ 0.05, as well as lesions in the proventriculus, musclelesions and in the sciatic nerve P ≤ 0.05. Laying poultry...

Estudo retrospectivo de doenças de aves na região Sul do Brasil: 2000-2016

As medidas de biosseguridade preconizadas pelas normativas publicadas anualmente pelo Ministério da Agricultura são fundamentais para garantir a prevenção, controle e erradicação das principais doenças avícolas. O Plano Nacional de Sanidade Avícola (PNSA) garante a sanidade dos plantéis e os acordos sanitários, principalmente das doenças de notificações compulsórias. No entanto, é preciso investir em estudos epidemiológicos para assim verificar as frequências dos diferentes agentes que afetam tanto granjas industriais como não industriais. Esta tese trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de doenças de aves domésticas na região Sul do Brasil em um período de 17 anos. Foram avaliadas 410 amostras de aves recebidas pelo Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), onde registraram-se os principais agentes infecciosos. Identificou-se a presença de 104 amostras com bactérias, 100 amostras com parasitas, 66 amostras com vírus e por fim apenas cinco amostras com fungos. Neste estudo, os sinais clínicos mais encontrados foram presença de prostração, sinais digestivos e nervosos. As alterações anatomopatológicas mais observadas na necropsia foram hepáticas, esplênicas e no sistema respiratório. As lesões tumoriformes de maior ocorrência foram no fígado, rins e baço. Os resultados mais significativos serão discutidos detalhadamente em três artigos. Conclui-se que é preciso observar o conjunto de fatores epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais, para conhecer uma determinada doença e enfim procurar a melhor forma de prevenção de acordo com a especificidade da região.

The biosecurity measures recommended by the regulations published annually by the Ministry of Agriculture are fundamental to ensure the prevention, control and eradication of the main poultry diseases. The National Plan for Poultry Health (PNSA) guarantees the sanity of the plantations and sanitary agreements, mainly of diseases of compulsory notifications. However, it is necessary to invest in epidemiological studies to verify the frequencies of the different agents that affect both industrial and non-industrial farms. This thesis is a retrospective study of poultry diseases in southern Brazil over a period of 17 years. A total of 410 poultry samples were received by the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), where the main infectious agents were registered. It was identified the presence of 104 samples with bacteria, 100 samples with parasites, 66 samples with virus and, finally, only five samples with fungi. In this study, the most common clinical signs were the presence of signs of prostration, digestive and nervous. The anatomopathological changes most observed at necropsy were hepatic, splenic and in the respiratory system. The most frequent tumor lesions were in the liver, kidneys and spleen. The most significant results will be discussed in detail in three articles. It is concluded that it is necessary to observe the set of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory factors, to know a particular disease and, finally, to seek the best form of prevention according to the specificity of the region