Congenital renal hypoplasia and contralateral kidney failure in a giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) ex situ in Southeastern Brazil

Renal hypoplasia is incomplete development of the kidneys, in which fewer than normal numbers of nephrons are present at birth. This report is the first of these conditions in mustelids. A female adult giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis), ex situ, presented clinically an unusual behavior with prostration, anorexia, hiding in the shelter, ataxia, paraparesis, and death in a clinical course of one day. At the postmortem exam, the left kidney was markedly enlarged and pale and the right kidney was severely reduced and had mild to moderate capsular thickening. Histologically, the left kidney had mineralization, proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and a mild neutrophilic infiltrate. The right kidney presented a reduced number of glomeruli, tubular atrophy and an increase in fibrous connective tissue, which were findings compatible with congenital kidney hypoplasia. Due the clinical condition of the animal, gross and microscopic findings, the cause of death was established as kidney failure induced by renal hypoplasia.(AU)

Anoftalmia bilateral em cão associada à malformação peniana congênita / Bilateral anophthalmia in dog associated with congenital penile malformation

Background: Anophthalmia refers to the complete absence of an eyeball. It is a very rare congenital condition that affects all breeds of dogs, which may be unilateral or bilateral. Anophthalmia results from a severe developmental deficiency in the primitive forebrain, prior to the formation of the optic sulcus. This condition has a complex etiology, and chromosomal, monogenic, and environmental causes have already been identified. There might be an association between anophthalmia and other congenital abnormalities. This case report aimed to report the case of a male dog with bilateral anophthalmia associated with penile malformation. Case: A 3-year-old male mongrel dog was evaluated in a clinical consultation at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) - Teresina - Brazil, with signs of anemia and diarrhea. His vaccinations were not up to date (multiple and anti-rabies), presented ectoparasites (ticks), and showed inappetence. The owner reported that the animal was blind from birth, was already well adapted to its environment, had the company of other animals, and had no access to the street. On clinical examination, the animal had a good body score. The eyelids were bilaterally present with normally developed eyelashes. Both the head and face had a symmetrical appearance, without structural abnormalities, and the palpebral fissures were narrow. When opening the eyelids manually, the presence of the conjunctiva was observed bilaterally, the orbits were shallow, and neither orbit contained the eyeball. Further inspection with an ophthalmic clinical flashlight did not reveal any other ocular structures. The initial diagnosis was suggestive of bilateral anophthalmia. Ultrasound examination of the ocular region confirmed the presence of bilateral anophthalmia. A general physical examination revealed a malformed penis with a persistent penile frenulum. Regarding systemic clinical signs (apathy, inappetence, diarrhea, and anemia), clinical and laboratory examinations led to the suspicion of verminosis. Discussion: The dog in this report had a good body score; however, this type of malformation can generate non-viable puppies. Anophthalmia is an extremely rare congenital ocular malformation, both in humans and companion animals, in which there are no ocular structures in the orbits, and these structures (orbits) in affected individuals are generally small and shallow, as seen in the dog in this report. Ultrasonographic examination confirmed the bilateral anophthalmic condition, being the most accurate method of diagnosing this congenital condition. The animal in this report presented with anophthalmia associated with penile malformation. This type of association until this case report has only been described in humans and mice, and is probably caused by a mutation in the SOX2 gene, which is responsible for the protein of the same name, which makes the maturation of ocular tissues in the primitive forebrain. Thus, it is likely that such congenital alterations are the cause of the malformations observed in this animal. Maternal vitamin A deficiency, a factor known to cause ocular malformations, may also be involved in the etiology of congenital diseases. Nutritional imbalances in dogs are common in the animal's region of origin The dog in this report had a normal life. Although it is a condition that causes blindness, dogs can have a normal life and welfare, even with bilateral anophthalmia.

Urachal cyst in a bitch

Background: The urachus is a tubular structure continuous with the urinary bladder and the allantois in foetal mammals.It serves as a communication between these two structures. At birth, it loses its function and undergoes atrophy by fibrousproliferation within the lumen. When this atrophy process fails at some point, congenital anomalies of the urachus occur.These anomalies are rare in animals, and to our knowledge, the urachal cyst has not yet been described in dogs. The presentwork is unique in that it reports a case of this congenital defect in a dog. Our aim is to increase awareness and to discussthe clinical presentation, the imaging techniques used, and the final diagnosis of this anomaly.Case: A 3-year-old bitch Pit Bull was presented for veterinary assistance to investigate recurrent pseudopregnancy and anirregular estrous cycle. The animal presented in good bodily condition, and the white blood count and clinical biochemistrywere normal. At ultrasound, 2 tubular structures, filled by an echogenic fluid mimicking uterine topography, were foundextending through the umbilical and hypogastric regions. No alterations in structure, echogenicity or echotexture of theother organs were observed, including the ovaries and uterus. On exploratory laparotomy, a cystic structure was found,with 2 segments: the larger one was on the left side, attached to the apex of the bladder by its caudal portion; the otherwas on the right side, attached to the spleen by its cranial portion and to the apex of the bladder by its caudal portion inconnection with the left segment. The ovaries, uterus and uterine horns showed no macroscopic alterations. The structurewas removed, and after analysis (macroscopic morphology, wall histopathology and biochemistry of the contained fluid),it was...

Urachal cyst in a bitch

Background: The urachus is a tubular structure continuous with the urinary bladder and the allantois in foetal mammals.It serves as a communication between these two structures. At birth, it loses its function and undergoes atrophy by fibrousproliferation within the lumen. When this atrophy process fails at some point, congenital anomalies of the urachus occur.These anomalies are rare in animals, and to our knowledge, the urachal cyst has not yet been described in dogs. The presentwork is unique in that it reports a case of this congenital defect in a dog. Our aim is to increase awareness and to discussthe clinical presentation, the imaging techniques used, and the final diagnosis of this anomaly.Case: A 3-year-old bitch Pit Bull was presented for veterinary assistance to investigate recurrent pseudopregnancy and anirregular estrous cycle. The animal presented in good bodily condition, and the white blood count and clinical biochemistrywere normal. At ultrasound, 2 tubular structures, filled by an echogenic fluid mimicking uterine topography, were foundextending through the umbilical and hypogastric regions. No alterations in structure, echogenicity or echotexture of theother organs were observed, including the ovaries and uterus. On exploratory laparotomy, a cystic structure was found,with 2 segments: the larger one was on the left side, attached to the apex of the bladder by its caudal portion; the otherwas on the right side, attached to the spleen by its cranial portion and to the apex of the bladder by its caudal portion inconnection with the left segment. The ovaries, uterus and uterine horns showed no macroscopic alterations. The structurewas removed, and after analysis (macroscopic morphology, wall histopathology and biochemistry of the contained fluid),it was...(AU)

Experimental reproduction of congenital anomalies in the progeny of cows fed apple pomace during pregnancy / Reprodução experimental de anomalias congênitas na progênie de vacas alimentadas com bagaço de maçã durante a gestação

This study aimed to describe and discuss the results of an experiment carried out in two stages with pregnant cows fed 25kg/apple pomace/day. The first stage involved 16 pregnant Holstein Friesian cows divided into four groups: Group 0 - Control (5 cows); Group I - 1 month-gestation (4 cows); Group II - 3 month-gestation (4 cows); Group III - 6 month-gestation (3 cows) and was performed from September to December 2015. The second stage comprised 12 pregnant Holstein Friesian cows divided into three groups: Group 0 - Control (6 cows), Group I - 1 month-gestation (3 cows), and Group II - 3 month-gestation (3 cows) and was conducted from April 2016 to February 2017. All study animals received apple pomace at a dose of 25kg/day. As for the first experiment stage, a cow in Group III bred a calf with complete absence of the coccygeal vertebrae and tail, slight bending of the hind limbs, scoliosis in the thoracic spine, and limited mobility. At 30 days, it presented with diarrhea and underdevelopment, and was euthanized for necropsy. At gross examination, malformations were observed in the thoracic spine, coxofemural joint, and genitourinary tract. Regarding the second experiment stage, a cow in Group I gave birth to a calf with curved pelvic and thoracic limbs with thick joints and flattening hooves. Microscopic examination of the femur showed disorganized, irregular hypertrophic zone and scarce growth zone, in addition to primary spongy zone with short, slightly mineralized trabeculae. Samples of the apple pomace used in this study were frozen and sent for laboratory evaluation of pesticide residues, which showed a positive result for the fungicide carbendazim.(AU)

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade descrever e discutir os resultados do experimento realizado em vacas prenhes que foram alimentadas com 25kg/dia de bagaço de maçã. Experimentos foram conduzidos em duas etapas, a primeira no ano de 2015, de setembro a dezembro onde foram utilizadas 16 vacas prenhes da raça holandês. Estas foram divididas em quatro grupos: Grupo 0, Controle (5 vacas); Grupo I, 1 mês gestação (4 vacas); Grupo II, 3 meses gestação (4 vacas); Grupo III, 6 meses gestação (3 vacas). A segunda etapa foi realizada em abril de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas prenhes da raça holandês, divididas em três grupos: Grupo 0, Controle (6 vacas); Grupo I, 1 mês gestação (3 vacas); Grupo II, 3 meses gestação (3 vacas). Todas as vacas receberam bagaço de maçã na dose de 25kg/dia/vaca. Para o primeiro experimento, uma vaca do Grupo III pariu uma bezerra, com ausência completa das vértebras coccígeas e cauda, encurvamento leve dos membros posteriores, escoliose na coluna torácica e dificuldade de locomoção. Decorridos 30 dias do nascimento, manifestou diarreia e pouco desenvolvimento, sendo eutanasiada para necropsia. Na macroscopia, havia malformações na coluna torácica, articulação coxofemoral e no aparelho urogenital. Em relação ao segundo experimento uma vaca do Grupo I pariu uma bezerra com membros pélvicos e torácicos, curvos e com articulações consideravelmente grossas e "achinelamento" de cascos. Na microscopia do fêmur foi observado na placa epifisária, zona hipertrófica desorganizada, irregular e zona de crescimento escassa. Na zona esponjosa primária observou-se trabéculas curtas e pouco mineralizadas. Amostras do bagaço de maçã utilizado na experimentação foram congeladas e enviadas para avaliação de resíduos agrotóxicos, onde foi encontrado resultado positivo para o fungicida carbendazim.(AU)

Experimental reproduction of congenital anomalies in the progeny of cows fed apple pomace during pregnancy / Reprodução experimental de anomalias congênitas na progênie de vacas alimentadas com bagaço de maçã durante a gestação

This study aimed to describe and discuss the results of an experiment carried out in two stages with pregnant cows fed 25kg/apple pomace/day. The first stage involved 16 pregnant Holstein Friesian cows divided into four groups: Group 0 - Control (5 cows); Group I - 1 month-gestation (4 cows); Group II - 3 month-gestation (4 cows); Group III - 6 month-gestation (3 cows) and was performed from September to December 2015. The second stage comprised 12 pregnant Holstein Friesian cows divided into three groups: Group 0 - Control (6 cows), Group I - 1 month-gestation (3 cows), and Group II - 3 month-gestation (3 cows) and was conducted from April 2016 to February 2017. All study animals received apple pomace at a dose of 25kg/day. As for the first experiment stage, a cow in Group III bred a calf with complete absence of the coccygeal vertebrae and tail, slight bending of the hind limbs, scoliosis in the thoracic spine, and limited mobility. At 30 days, it presented with diarrhea and underdevelopment, and was euthanized for necropsy. At gross examination, malformations were observed in the thoracic spine, coxofemural joint, and genitourinary tract. Regarding the second experiment stage, a cow in Group I gave birth to a calf with curved pelvic and thoracic limbs with thick joints and flattening hooves. Microscopic examination of the femur showed disorganized, irregular hypertrophic zone and scarce growth zone, in addition to primary spongy zone with short, slightly mineralized trabeculae. Samples of the apple pomace used in this study were frozen and sent for laboratory evaluation of pesticide residues, which showed a positive result for the fungicide carbendazim.(AU)

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade descrever e discutir os resultados do experimento realizado em vacas prenhes que foram alimentadas com 25kg/dia de bagaço de maçã. Experimentos foram conduzidos em duas etapas, a primeira no ano de 2015, de setembro a dezembro onde foram utilizadas 16 vacas prenhes da raça holandês. Estas foram divididas em quatro grupos: Grupo 0, Controle (5 vacas); Grupo I, 1 mês gestação (4 vacas); Grupo II, 3 meses gestação (4 vacas); Grupo III, 6 meses gestação (3 vacas). A segunda etapa foi realizada em abril de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas prenhes da raça holandês, divididas em três grupos: Grupo 0, Controle (6 vacas); Grupo I, 1 mês gestação (3 vacas); Grupo II, 3 meses gestação (3 vacas). Todas as vacas receberam bagaço de maçã na dose de 25kg/dia/vaca. Para o primeiro experimento, uma vaca do Grupo III pariu uma bezerra, com ausência completa das vértebras coccígeas e cauda, encurvamento leve dos membros posteriores, escoliose na coluna torácica e dificuldade de locomoção. Decorridos 30 dias do nascimento, manifestou diarreia e pouco desenvolvimento, sendo eutanasiada para necropsia. Na macroscopia, havia malformações na coluna torácica, articulação coxofemoral e no aparelho urogenital. Em relação ao segundo experimento uma vaca do Grupo I pariu uma bezerra com membros pélvicos e torácicos, curvos e com articulações consideravelmente grossas e "achinelamento" de cascos. Na microscopia do fêmur foi observado na placa epifisária, zona hipertrófica desorganizada, irregular e zona de crescimento escassa. Na zona esponjosa primária observou-se trabéculas curtas e pouco mineralizadas. Amostras do bagaço de maçã utilizado na experimentação foram congeladas e enviadas para avaliação de resíduos agrotóxicos, onde foi encontrado resultado positivo para o fungicida carbendazim.(AU)

Colangitis crónica asociada a la infestación por trematodo hepático causado por Platynosomum fastosum, concurrente con la duplicación de la vesícula biliar en el gato doméstico: presentación de un caso / Chronic cholangitis associated with liver fluke infestation caused by Platynosomum fastosum, concurrent with gallbladder duplication in a domestic cat: case report / Colangite crônica associada à infestação de trematódeo por Platynosomum fastosum, concomitante à vesícula biliar dupla em um gato: relato de caso

Este trabajo pretende informar un caso de un felino de cinco años mestizo, presentando intensa ictericia, petequias y equimosis cutánea generalizada, aumento de enzima ALT, aumento del colesterol sérico y disminución de las proteínas plasmáticas. Se instituyó el tratamiento médico, pero el animal murió dos días después de la intervención clínica. El examen histopatológico mostró colangitis crónica asociada con infestación por trematodos Platynosomum fastosumy verdadera duplicación de la vesícula biliar. Se conclui que los cambios anatómicos asociados con la infestación por parásitos pueden agravar significativamente el cuadro clínico de colangitis crónica y siempre debe ser considerado en el plan de diagnóstico.(AU)

This paper aims to report a case of a 5-years-old, mixed breed cat showing severe jaundice, skin petechiae and ecchymosis, high values of ALT enzyme and serum cholesterol and low plasmatic proteins. A medical treatment was instituted; however the animal died two days after clinical intervention. Anatomicopathological analisys showed a chronic cholangitis associated with liver fluke infestation caused by Platynosomum fastosum, and duplex gallbladder. We conclude that anatomical changes associated with infestation by parasites may significantly aggravate the clinical condition of chronic cholangitis and should always be considered in the diagnostic plan.(AU)

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de um felino de cinco anos, sem raça definida, apresentando icterícia intensa, petéquias e equimoses cutâneas generalizadas, aumento da enzima ALT, aumento de colesterol sérico e diminuição de proteínas plasmáticas. Foi instituído tratamento médico, entretanto o animal morreu dois dias após a intervenção clínica. No exame anatomopatológico observou-se colangite crônica associada à infestação de trematódeo Platynosomum fastosum e vesícula biliar dupla verdadeira. Conclui-se que alterações anatômicas associadas à infestação por parasitas podem agravar significativamente o quadro clínico de colangite crônica e devem sempre ser consideradas no plano diagnóstico.(AU)

Colangitis crónica asociada a la infestación por trematodo hepático causado por Platynosomum fastosum, concurrente con la duplicación de la vesícula biliar en el gato doméstico: presentación de un caso / Chronic cholangitis associated with liver fluke infestation caused by Platynosomum fastosum, concurrent with gallbladder duplication in a domestic cat: case report / Colangite crônica associada à infestação de trematódeo por Platynosomum fastosum, concomitante à vesícula biliar dupla em um gato: relato de caso

Este trabajo pretende informar un caso de un felino de cinco años mestizo, presentando intensa ictericia, petequias y equimosis cutánea generalizada, aumento de enzima ALT, aumento del colesterol sérico y disminución de las proteínas plasmáticas. Se instituyó el tratamiento médico, pero el animal murió dos días después de la intervención clínica. El examen histopatológico mostró colangitis crónica asociada con infestación por trematodos Platynosomum fastosumy verdadera duplicación de la vesícula biliar. Se conclui que los cambios anatómicos asociados con la infestación por parásitos pueden agravar significativamente el cuadro clínico de colangitis crónica y siempre debe ser considerado en el plan de diagnóstico.

This paper aims to report a case of a 5-years-old, mixed breed cat showing severe jaundice, skin petechiae and ecchymosis, high values of ALT enzyme and serum cholesterol and low plasmatic proteins. A medical treatment was instituted; however the animal died two days after clinical intervention. Anatomicopathological analisys showed a chronic cholangitis associated with liver fluke infestation caused by Platynosomum fastosum, and duplex gallbladder. We conclude that anatomical changes associated with infestation by parasites may significantly aggravate the clinical condition of chronic cholangitis and should always be considered in the diagnostic plan.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de um felino de cinco anos, sem raça definida, apresentando icterícia intensa, petéquias e equimoses cutâneas generalizadas, aumento da enzima ALT, aumento de colesterol sérico e diminuição de proteínas plasmáticas. Foi instituído tratamento médico, entretanto o animal morreu dois dias após a intervenção clínica. No exame anatomopatológico observou-se colangite crônica associada à infestação de trematódeo Platynosomum fastosum e vesícula biliar dupla verdadeira. Conclui-se que alterações anatômicas associadas à infestação por parasitas podem agravar significativamente o quadro clínico de colangite crônica e devem sempre ser consideradas no plano diagnóstico.

Hemivértebra em cães – Revisão de literatura / Hemivertebrae in dogs – Literature review

Hemivértebras são anomalias congênitas encontradas mais frequentemente em cães braquicefálicos com cauda helicoidal. Representam em torno de 7% das alterações em coluna relatadas em literatura. Ocorrem mais comumente na região da coluna tóraco-lombar, causando sintomas de lesão de neurônio motor superior em membros pélvicos. Os cães podem apresentar sintomatologia desde filhotes com progressão durante o crescimento. O diagnóstico é efetuado com base nos sintomas, exame físico e exames de imagem. O tratamento pode ser conservativo em animais sem progressão dos sintomas, porém, em animais com a progressão destes, o mais indicado, atualmente, é a estabilização cirúrgica, com ou sem descompressão medular.

Hemivertebrae are congenital anomalies found most often in brachiocephalic dogs with helical tails. These anomalies represent around 7 % of the spinal alterations reported in the literature. They occur most commonly in the thoracolumbar region of the spine, causing symptoms of upper motor neuron damage in hind limbs. Dogs may display symptoms early in life which progress during growth. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical examination, and imaging studies. Treatment may be conservative in animals whose symptoms do not progress, but in animals whose symptoms progress, the treatment currently most indicated is surgical stabilization, with or without spinal decompression.

Hemivértebra em cães Revisão de literatura / Hemivertebrae in dogs Literature review

Hemivértebras são anomalias congênitas encontradas mais frequentemente em cães braquicefálicos com cauda helicoidal. Representam em torno de 7% das alterações em coluna relatadas em literatura. Ocorrem mais comumente na região da coluna tóraco-lombar, causando sintomas de lesão de neurônio motor superior em membros pélvicos. Os cães podem apresentar sintomatologia desde filhotes com progressão durante o crescimento. O diagnóstico é efetuado com base nos sintomas, exame físico e exames de imagem. O tratamento pode ser conservativo em animais sem progressão dos sintomas, porém, em animais com a progressão destes, o mais indicado, atualmente, é a estabilização cirúrgica, com ou sem descompressão medular.(AU)

Hemivertebrae are congenital anomalies found most often in brachiocephalic dogs with helical tails. These anomalies represent around 7 % of the spinal alterations reported in the literature. They occur most commonly in the thoracolumbar region of the spine, causing symptoms of upper motor neuron damage in hind limbs. Dogs may display symptoms early in life which progress during growth. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical examination, and imaging studies. Treatment may be conservative in animals whose symptoms do not progress, but in animals whose symptoms progress, the treatment currently most indicated is surgical stabilization, with or without spinal decompression.(AU)

Hipospadia perineal em um cão: relato de caso / Perineal hypospadias in a dog: case report

A hipospadia é uma anomalia congênita da genitália externa, na qual a uretra peniana termina ventral e caudalmente à sua abertura normal. Pode ser classificada, com base na localização da abertura uretral, como glandular, peniana, escrotal, perineal e anal. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso raro de hipospadia perineal, em que são abordados seus aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos, em um cão macho, sem raça definida, com seis meses de idade. Um canino com histórico de suspeita de hermafroditismo e presença de um orifício, logo abaixo do ânus, pelo qual urinava foi atendido no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Durante o exame físico, foi observado o meato uretral localizado ventralmente ao ânus, além de alterações no prepúcio, pênis e escroto. Foram realizados exames de triagem, tais como: hemograma completo, urinálise, ecografia abdominal e uretrocistografia. O cão foi encaminhado para a cirurgia, quando foi submetido à amputação peniana e prepucial total e também à orquiectomia. O canino recebeu antibioticoterapia, analgésicos, anti-inflamatório e limpezas diárias dos pontos e da região perineal e apresentou excelente recuperação pós-operatória. Após 30 dias da cirurgia, o paciente retornou ao hospital, e foi verificada completa cicatrização da ferida cirúrgica, sem sinais de infecção urinária e inflamação ou assaduras na região perineal. A hipospadia perineal é um caso raro de anomalia uretral congênita, ainda pouco documentada em medicina veterinária. O procedimento cirúrgico realizado demonstrou ser importante, uma vez que removeu toda a genitália externa defeituosa, onde, futuramente, poderiam desenvolver-se infecções e/ou inflamações. Com isso, minimizou as complicações dessa doença e melhorou a qualidade de vida do paciente.(AU)

Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly of the external genitalia, where the penile urethra finishes its normal opening ventrally and caudally. It can be classified based on the location of the urethral opening as glandular, penile, scrotal, perineal and anal. The aim of this work was report an uncommon case of perineal hypospadias, working on the clinical and therapeutic aspects in a six-month-old male dog of undefined race. A dog with a history of suspected hermaphroditism and presenting a hole below the anus by which it urinated, was rescued at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). During the physical exam, it was observed that the urethral meatus was situated ventrally to the anus. Foreskin, penis and scrotum alterations were also seen on the dog. Screening exams such as complete blood count, urinalysis, abdominal ultrasound and cystourethrography were done. The dog went straight to surgery, where it had total penile and total preputial amputation and also orchiectomy. The canine showed excellent postoperative recovery, receiving antibiotic therapy, analgesics, anti-inflammatories and daily cleaning on stitches and the perineal region. Thirty days after surgery the patient went back to the Hospital presenting a complete healing of the surgical wound, without reporting signs of urinary infection and inflammation or rashes on the perineal region. The perineal hypospadias is a rare case of urethral congenital anomaly, still not well documented by veterinary medicine. The surgical procedure done demonstrated to be important, since there was the removal of all of the defective external genitalia where, in the future, inflammation and infection could develop, decreasing the complications of this disease and improving this patient's quality of life.(AU)

Anal atresia associated with rectovaginal fistula in a bitch / Atresia anal associada à fístula retovaginal em cadela

Background: Anal atresia, a congenital defect that is common in animals, frequently affects calves and piglets. Its occurrence is associated with a defect in the perforation of the membrane that separates the endodermis of the posterior intestine from the ectodermic membrane of the anus. Anorectal congenital anomalies are rare in dogs and cats, with anal atresia being the most common of them. Anal atresia is a deformity that affects the anal opening and the terminal rectum, resulting in closure of the anal outlet. It can be classifi ed into four types. Clinical signs include the passage of feces through the vulva, vulvar dermatitis, tenesmus, cystitis, megacolon, etc. The diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, physical examination and supplementary tests. The treatment consists of surgical correction of the fistula, reconstruction of the vagina and of the fi nal portion of the rectum. The objective of this study is to report the surgical correction of a bitch with anal atresia associated with retrovaginal fi stula, with satisfactory recovery of the patient. Case: A mongrel bitch with one month of age and body mass of 100 grams was admitted to Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul with a history of feces in the vulva and absence of anal orifi ce. The patient presented tenesmus and was prostrate and underdeveloped in relation...(AU)

Anal atresia associated with rectovaginal fistula in a bitch / Atresia anal associada à fístula retovaginal em cadela

Background: Anal atresia, a congenital defect that is common in animals, frequently affects calves and piglets. Its occurrence is associated with a defect in the perforation of the membrane that separates the endodermis of the posterior intestine from the ectodermic membrane of the anus. Anorectal congenital anomalies are rare in dogs and cats, with anal atresia being the most common of them. Anal atresia is a deformity that affects the anal opening and the terminal rectum, resulting in closure of the anal outlet. It can be classifi ed into four types. Clinical signs include the passage of feces through the vulva, vulvar dermatitis, tenesmus, cystitis, megacolon, etc. The diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, physical examination and supplementary tests. The treatment consists of surgical correction of the fistula, reconstruction of the vagina and of the fi nal portion of the rectum. The objective of this study is to report the surgical correction of a bitch with anal atresia associated with retrovaginal fi stula, with satisfactory recovery of the patient. Case: A mongrel bitch with one month of age and body mass of 100 grams was admitted to Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul with a history of feces in the vulva and absence of anal orifi ce. The patient presented tenesmus and was prostrate and underdeveloped in relation...

Bócio congênito em caprinos no Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Congenital caprine goiter in northwestern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um surto de bócio congênito em caprinos são descritos. A etiologia dessa condição foi associada à ausência de suplementação mineral com iodo para as cabras prenhes, e constituiu o fator responsável pela natimortalidade nesse surto. Clinicamente, todos os natimortos apresentaram marcado aumento de volume na região cervical ventral cranial e alopecia difusa. Na necropsia de um dos cabritos natimortos, observou-se acentuado aumento de volume simétrico de ambos os lobos da glândula tireoide, que eram firmes, compactos e vermelho-escuros. Histologicamente, as lesões eram características de bócio hiperplásico difuso e consistiam de: 1) marcada hiperplasia e hipertrofia do epitélio folicular; 2) formação de folículos tireoidianos marcadamente heterogêneos, devido principalmente à quantidade variável de coloide intraluminal; e 3) presença de vacúolos endocíticos, que representam a endocitose do coloide e demonstram a atividade da glândula tireoide.

The epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological aspects of an outbreak of congenital caprine goiter are described in this article. The cause of the congenital goiter and neonatal deaths was attributed to the absence of mineral supplementation with iodine to the pregnant dams. Clinically, all neonatal dead goats presented with marked swelling on the cranioventral cervical area and diffuse body alopecia. One of the dead kids was submitted to necropsy, and changes consisted of marked, symmetrical enlargement of both thyroid lobes, which were also firm, compact, and dark red. Histologically, changes were characteristic of diffuse hyperplastic goiter and consisted of: 1) marked follicular thyroid hyperplasia and hypertrophy; 2) formation of heterogeneous thyroid follicles due to the variable amounts of luminal colloid; and 3) presence of endocytic vacuoles, which represent colloid endocytosis and demonstrate activity of the thyroid gland.

Bócio congênito em caprinos no Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Congenital caprine goiter in northwestern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um surto de bócio congênito em caprinos são descritos. A etiologia dessa condição foi associada à ausência de suplementação mineral com iodo para as cabras prenhes, e constituiu o fator responsável pela natimortalidade nesse surto. Clinicamente, todos os natimortos apresentaram marcado aumento de volume na região cervical ventral cranial e alopecia difusa. Na necropsia de um dos cabritos natimortos, observou-se acentuado aumento de volume simétrico de ambos os lobos da glândula tireoide, que eram firmes, compactos e vermelho-escuros. Histologicamente, as lesões eram características de bócio hiperplásico difuso e consistiam de: 1) marcada hiperplasia e hipertrofia do epitélio folicular; 2) formação de folículos tireoidianos marcadamente heterogêneos, devido principalmente à quantidade variável de coloide intraluminal; e 3) presença de vacúolos endocíticos, que representam a endocitose do coloide e demonstram a atividade da glândula tireoide.(AU)

The epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological aspects of an outbreak of congenital caprine goiter are described in this article. The cause of the congenital goiter and neonatal deaths was attributed to the absence of mineral supplementation with iodine to the pregnant dams. Clinically, all neonatal dead goats presented with marked swelling on the cranioventral cervical area and diffuse body alopecia. One of the dead kids was submitted to necropsy, and changes consisted of marked, symmetrical enlargement of both thyroid lobes, which were also firm, compact, and dark red. Histologically, changes were characteristic of diffuse hyperplastic goiter and consisted of: 1) marked follicular thyroid hyperplasia and hypertrophy; 2) formation of heterogeneous thyroid follicles due to the variable amounts of luminal colloid; and 3) presence of endocytic vacuoles, which represent colloid endocytosis and demonstrate activity of the thyroid gland.(AU)

Macroscopic and microscopic findings in a set of congenital anomalies in two calves produced through in vitro production

In vitro production and somatic cell nuclear transfer are biotechnologies widely used for breeding cattle, although may result in congenital anomalies. This paper aims to report a set of congenital anomalies in two Nelore calves, a male and a female, produced through in vitro fertilization. The major anomalies revealed at necropsy were hypospadias, bifid scrotum, atresia ani and rectum ending in blind pouch in the male calf. In the female calf accessory spleen, atresia ani, underdevelopment of extern genitalia and urethral orifice, and rectum ending in blind pouch forming a uterus-rectum fistula were observed.

Macroscopic and microscopic findings in a set of congenital anomalies in two calves produced through in vitro production

In vitro production and somatic cell nuclear transfer are biotechnologies widely used for breeding cattle, although may result in congenital anomalies. This paper aims to report a set of congenital anomalies in two Nelore calves, a male and a female, produced through in vitro fertilization. The major anomalies revealed at necropsy were hypospadias, bifid scrotum, atresia ani and rectum ending in blind pouch in the male calf. In the female calf accessory spleen, atresia ani, underdevelopment of extern genitalia and urethral orifice, and rectum ending in blind pouch forming a uterus-rectum fistula were observed.(AU)

Fistulae and other congenital anomalies of the urinary and digestive tract in a colt / Fístulas e outras anomalias congênitas dos tratos digestivo e urinário em um potro

A three month-old Mangalarga Marchador colt, that eliminated urine in jets through the penian urethra, anus and through four fistulae in the perianal area. Post-mortem examination revealed that the fistulae communicated the pelvic urethra and the bladder to the rectum and the rectum and the pelvic urethra to the perianal area. Additionally, there were cecorectal fistula, persistence of the urachus and dilatation of the pelvic urethra, with a ventral blind sack. The bladder was filled with caseous exudate and feces and showed adherences with the peritonium, ileum and cecum, as well as with the muscles of the abdominal wall. This malformation type still had not been described in equine in Brazil.(AU)

Descrevem-se fístulas uretrorretal, vesicorretal, uretroperianal, retoperianal e cecorretal congênitas em um potro de três meses que eliminava urina em jatos pela uretra peniana, pelo ânus e pelas quatro fístulas. À necropsia, a bexiga encontrava-se aderida ao peritônio, ao íleo, ao ceco e à musculatura da parede abdominal e estava repleta de fezes e exsudato caseoso. Adicionalmente, observaram-se persistência do úraco, uretrite supurativa e dilatação da uretra pélvica, com formação de saco cego ventral. Este tipo de malformação ainda não havia sido descrito em eqüinos no Brasil. (AU)