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The gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa, poses a significant global threat to Eucalyptus cultivation, by causing substantial economic losses. The objective of this study was to differentiate between resistant and susceptible genotypes by morphological characteristics using image analysis based on the damage caused by the gall wasp. In addition, consensus sequences derived from transposable elements (TEs) and the genome of Eucalyptus spp. Were identified by in silico analysis. Furthermore, another objective was to discriminate Eucalyptus genotypes in response to Leptocybe invasa by conducting molecular analyses involving transposable elements and inter simple sequence markers. For image analysis, the GroundEye ® system was used to collect images of 60 leaves from six genotypes, three of which were resistant and three susceptible. Eucalyptus spp. sequences were obtained from the GenBank database by in silico analysis and pairwise alignments with TE sequences were conducted using BLASTN. Multiple sequence alignment was performed with Clustal Omega, followed by the identification of conserved regions in Jalview. A motif signature was generated using Weblogo. For molecular characterization using ISSR markers and TEs, samples of young leaves were obtained from a total of 80 Eucalyptus seedlings, of which 50 were classified as resistant and 30 as susceptible to L. invasa. It was possible to distinguish gall wasp susceptible and resistant genotypes by image analysis. In silico analysis enabled the identification of conserved regions in the Eucalyptus spp. genome, which were associated with proteins involved in secondary metabolite production, e.g., terpenes, which play a role in the response to L. invasa. The discrimination capacity of TEs and ISSR primers was demonstrated and bands were generated that could be used to identify resistant genotypes. However, increasing the number of markers required to discriminate genotypes in both cases is suggested.

A vespa-da-galha, Leptocybe invasa, representa uma ameaça global significativa para o cultivo de Eucalyptus, causando consideráveis prejuízos econômicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi diferenciar entre genótipos resistentes e suscetíveis por meio de características morfológicas, usando análise de imagem com base nos danos causados pela vespa-da-galha. Além disso, sequências de consenso derivadas de elementos transponíveis (TEs) e do genoma de Eucalyptus spp. foram identificadas por análise in silico. Outro objetivo foi discriminar genótipos de Eucalyptus em resposta a L. invasa, por meio de análises moleculares envolvendo elementos transponíveis e marcadores de sequências simples intercaladas (ISSR). Para a análise de imagem, o sistema GroundEye® foi utilizado para coletar imagens de 60 folhas de seis genótipos, sendo três resistentes e três suscetíveis. Sequências de Eucalyptus spp. foram obtidas do banco de dados GenBank por análise in silico, e alinhamentos de sequências em pares com sequências de TE foram conduzidos usando o BLASTN. Alinhamento de múltiplas sequências foi realizado com Clustal Omega, seguido pela identificação de regiões conservadas no Jalview. Uma assinatura de motivo foi gerada usando o Weblogo. Para a caracterização molecular usando marcadores ISSR e TEs, amostras de folhas jovens foram obtidas de um total de 80 mudas de Eucalyptus, das quais 50 foram classificadas como resistentes e 30 como suscetíveis a L. invasa. Foi possível distinguir genótipos suscetíveis e resistentes à vespa-das-galhas por meio da análise de imagem. A análise in silico permitiu a identificação de regiões conservadas no genoma de Eucalyptus spp., associadas a proteínas envolvidas na produção de metabólitos secundários, como terpenos, que desempenham um papel na resposta a L. invasa. A capacidade de discriminação de TEs e iniciadores ISSR foi demonstrada, e bandas foram geradas que poderiam ser usadas para identificar genótipos resistentes. No entanto, sugere-se aumentar o número de marcadores necessários para discriminar genótipos em ambos os casos.

Resumo

The aims of this study were to determine the effect of rutin on in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes from in vitro-grown sheep secondary follicles and to analyze the possible involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in IVM under the influence of rutin. Secondary follicles were cultured for 18 days in α-Minimum Essential Medium (α-MEM) supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA), insulin, glutamine, hypoxanthine, transferrin, selenium, ascorbic acid, and leptin (control medium: α-MEM+). Next, the follicles were evaluated for morphology, antrum formation, and follicular diameter, and the rate of fully grown oocytes (≥110 µm). Fully grown oocytes were submitted to IVM in Tissue Culture Medium 199 (TCM199) supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), luteinizing hormone (LH), and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) (IVM control medium), or in this medium with 0.1, 1, or 10 µg mL-1rutin. At the end of IVM, the oocytes were evaluated for mitochondrial activity, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, the percentage of meiotic resumption, DNA fragmentation, and mTOR pathway involvement. After 18 days of in vitro culture, 77.5% of the follicles were normal and 77.7% became antral follicles with a diameter of 380.41 µm. Furthermore, almost 70% of the oocytes grew in vitro, reaching a diameter ≥110 µm and were submitted to IVM. Supplementation with 10 µg mL-1rutin significantly increased the percentage of oocytes that resumed meiosis (47.27%) compared with the control medium (30.43%). There was a significant increase in the ROS and GSH levels in oocytes matured with 0.1 µg mL-1 rutin compared with the other rutin treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, oocytes matured with TCM199+ showed a higher (p < 0.05) percentage of DNA fragmentation (30%) than those that matured with 10 µg mL-1 rutin (0%). After IVM, oocytes matured in the presence or absence of rapamycin showed a similar percentage of meiotic resumption (61.76% for TCM199+ 10 µg mL-1 rutin and 70.73% for TCM + 10 µg mL-1 rutin + rapamycin; p > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with 10 µg mL-1 rutin increased meiosis resumption and reduced DNA damage.(AU)

Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar o efeito da rutina sobre a maturação in vitro (MIV) de oócitos provenientes de folículos secundários de ovelhas cultivados in vitro e analisar o possível envolvimento da via mTOR na MIV, sob influência da rutina. Os folículos secundários foram cultivados por 18 dias em meio α-Mínimo Essencial (α-MEM) suplementado com albumina sérica bovina (BSA), insulina, glutamina, hipoxantina, transferrina, selênio, ácido ascórbico e leptina (meio controle: α-MEM+). Em seguida, os folículos foram avaliados quanto à morfologia, formação do antro e diâmetro folicular e taxa de oócitos totalmente crescidos (≥110 µm). Oócitos totalmente crescidos foram submetidos à MIV em meio de cultivo de tecidos 199 (TCM199) suplementado com soro fetal bovino (FBS), hormônio luteinizante (LH), hormônio folículo estimulante recombinante (rFSH) (meio controle MIV) ou neste meio com 0,1, 1 ou 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina. Ao final da MIV, os oócitos foram avaliados quanto à atividade mitocondrial, concentração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e glutationa (GSH), porcentagem de retomada de meiose, fragmentação de DNA e envolvimento da via mTOR. Após 18 dias de cultivo in vitro, 77,5% dos folículos estavam normais e 77,7% tornaram-se folículos antrais, com 380,41 µm de diâmetro. Além disso, 70% dos oócitos que cresceram in vitro atingiram diâmetro ≥110 µm e foram submetidos à MIV. A concentração de 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina aumentou significativamente a porcentagem de oócitos que retomaram a meiose (47,27%) em comparação ao meio controle (30,43%). Houve um aumento significativo nas concentrações de ROS e GSH em oócitos maturados com 0.1 µg.mL-1 de rutina em comparação com os outros tratamentos com rutina (p < 0,05). Além disso, a maturação de oócitos em TCM199+ aumentou (p<0,05) o percentual de fragmentação de DNA (30%) comparado ao tratamento com 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina (0%). Após MIV, ambos os tratamentos maturados na presença ou ausência de rapamicina apresentaram porcentagem semelhante de retomada meiótica (61,76% para TCM199+10 µg.mL-1 de rutina e 70,73% para TCM199+ 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina + rapamicina) (p>0,05). Em conclusão, a concentração de 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina aumentou a retomada da meiose e reduziu os danos ao DNA.(AU)

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Recent evidence indicates significant interaction of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) with redox mechanisms. This study investigated the effects of the cannabinoid agonists WIN 55,212-2 (CB1+CB2) and HU-308 (CB2) on oxidative biomarkers in the liver and heart of the fish Brycon amazonicus. In both the liver and the heart, CB1+CB2 activation led to significant increases in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, accompanied by decreases in glutathione reductase (GR) activity. In contrast, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity increased in the liver and decreased in the heart following CB1+CB2 activation. In addition, CB1+CB2 agonist had no effect on the GSH/GSSG ratio but increased heart levels of lipoperoxidation (LPO) and hepatic and cardiac protein carbonyl (PC) content. On the other hand, CB2 activation preserved antioxidant enzymatic activities and increased the GSH/GSSG ratio in both tissues. Moreover, the CB2 agonist showed no significant effect on PC levels in either tissue or cardiac LPO levels but decreased hepatic LPO content. In conclusion, activation of CB1+CB2 receptors disrupted the redox balance, leading to oxidative distress and damage, whereas activation of CB2 preserved oxidative eustress. These findings highlight the potential of CB2 receptors to modulate antioxidant defenses and maintain redox homeostasis, critical for improving fish health.

Evidências recentes indicam uma interação significativa dos receptores canabinoides (CB1 e CB2) com os mecanismos redox. Este estudo investigou os efeitos dos agonistas canabinoides WIN 55,212-2 (CB1+CB2) e HU-308 (CB2) sobre biomarcadores oxidativos no fígado e coração do peixe Brycon amazonicus. Tanto no fígado quanto no coração, a ativação de CB1+CB2 resultou em aumentos significativos nas atividades de catalase (CAT) e glutationa peroxidase (GPx), acompanhados por diminuições na atividade de glutationa redutase (GR). Em contraste, a atividade de glutationa S-transferase (GST) aumentou no fígado e diminuiu no coração após a ativação de CB1+CB2. Além disso, o agonista CB1+CB2 não afetou a razão GSH/GSSG, mas aumentou os níveis de lipoperoxidação (LPO) no coração e o conteúdo de proteína carbonilada (PC) no fígado e coração. Por outro lado, a ativação de CB2 preservou as atividades enzimáticas antioxidantes e aumentou a razão GSH/GSSG em ambos os tecidos. Além disso, o agonista CB2 não teve efeito significativo nos níveis de PC em nenhum tecido ou nos níveis de LPO cardíaco, mas diminuiu o conteúdo de LPO hepático. Em conclusão, a ativação dos receptores CB1+CB2 perturbou o equilíbrio redox, levando a distresse oxidativo e danos, enquanto a ativação de CB2 preservou o eustresse oxidativo. Estes achados destacam o potencial dos receptores CB2 para modular as defesas antioxidantes e manter a homeostase redox, fundamentais para melhorar a saúde dos peixes.

Resumo

Rodents can cause significant damage to wheat-groundnut crops in developing countries, as well as to stored produce and infrastructure, affecting food security and income of small-holder farmers. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and groundnuts (Arachis hypogea) are important cash crops for local farmers in Pakistan. Field experiments were performed to assess the extent of rodent damage to wheat-groundnut crops throughout their growth stages (i.e, germination, flowering/peg formation and maturity) in the agro-ecological zones of Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan. We used a quadrat method to record the number of damaged crop plants. On the basis of the trapping data four rodent species were captured from wheat-groundnut cropping systems which were responsible for causing damage, i.e., lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis) was the main species, followed by the short-tailed mole rat (Nesokia indica), the Indian gerbil (Tatera indica) and the bush rat (Golunda ellioti). In both crops, the maximum damage was recorded at crop maturity (10.7 and 14.4%, respectively). The lowest reported damage to wheat and groundnuts was at the germination stage (3.5% and 6.0%, respectively). The lower damage reported at germination could be due to availability of non-crop vegetation at field borders that may be a potential factor influencing damage. Our findings clearly show the considerable amount of damage caused by rodents to wheat-groundnut at maturity across all the agro-ecological zones of Pothwar and indicated that the small mammal composition was more related to maturity stage/season of crops, when the availability of food and climatic condition were favorable and having security under crop shelter. More detailed studies are needed to fully understand the population and breeding ecology of the relevant rodent pest species in relation to damage patterns to optimize management beyond individual structural measures.

Os roedores podem causar danos significativos às culturas de trigo e amendoim nos países em desenvolvimento, bem como aos produtos armazenados e infraestrutura, afetando a segurança alimentar e a renda dos pequenos agricultores. O trigo (Triticum aestivum) e o amendoim (Arachis hypogea) são culturas comerciais importantes para os agricultores locais no Paquistão. Experimentos de campo foram realizados para avaliar a extensão dos danos de roedores às culturas de trigo e amendoim ao longo de seus estágios de crescimento (ou seja, germinação, floração/formação e maturidade) nas zonas agroecológicas de Pothwar Plateau, Paquistão. Usamos um método de quadrat para registrar o número de plantas de cultura danificadas. Com base nos dados de armadilhagem foram capturadas quatro espécies de roedores de sistemas de cultivo de trigo-amendoim que foram responsáveis ​​por causar danos, ou seja, o rato-bandico-pequeno (Bandicota bengalensis) foi a espécie principal, seguido pelo rato-toupeira-de-cauda-curta (Nesokia indica), o gerbilo-da-índia (Tatera indica) e o rato-do-mato (Golunda ellioti). Em ambas as culturas, o dano máximo foi registrado na maturidade da cultura (10,7 e 14,4%, respectivamente). O menor dano relatado ao trigo e ao amendoim foi no estágio de germinação (3,5% e 6,0%, respectivamente). O menor dano relatado na germinação pode ser devido à disponibilidade de vegetação não cultivada nas bordas do campo, que pode ser um fator potencial que influencia o dano. Nossos resultados mostraram claramente a quantidade considerável de danos causados ​​por roedores ao trigo-amendoim na maturidade em todas as zonas agroecológicas de Pothwar e indicaram que a composição de pequenos mamíferos estava mais relacionada ao estágio de maturidade/estação das culturas quando a disponibilidade de alimentos e as condições climáticas eram favoráveis ​​e com segurança sob abrigo de cultivo. Estudos mais detalhados são necessários para entender completamente a ecologia populacional e reprodutiva das espécies de pragas de roedores relevantes em relação aos padrões de danos para otimizar o manejo, além das medidas estruturais individuais.

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Radiotherapy causes destruction of tumor cells, but also threatens the integrity and survival of surrounding normal cells. Then, woman submitted to irradiation for cancer treatment may present permanent ovary damage, resulting in impaired fertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of therapeutic doses of ionizing radiation (IR), used for ovarian cancer treatment in humans, on bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) as experimental model. Bovine ovaries were exposed to 0.9 Gy, 1.8 Gy, 3.6 Gy or 18.6 Gy IR, and then COCs were collected and used to evaluate: (a) oocyte nuclear maturation; (b) presence of phosphorylated H2A.X (γH2AX), as an indicator of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs); and (c) expression of genes involved in DNA repair (TP53BP1, RAD52, ATM, XRCC6 and XRCC5) and apoptosis (BAX). The radiation doses tested in this study had no detrimental effects on nuclear maturation and did not increase γH2AX in the oocytes. However, IR treatment altered the mRNA abundance of RAD52 (RAD52 homolog, DNA repair protein) and BAX (BCL2-associated X protein). We conclude that although IR doses had no apparent effect on oocyte nuclear maturation and DNA damage, molecular pathways involved in DNA repair and apoptosis were affected by IR exposure in cumulus cells.(AU)

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Purpose: This study evaluated the DNA damage caused by repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia in the liver and kidneys. Methods: In this study, 60 rats were used. The rats were divided into group 1 (xylazine-ketamine), and group 2 (medetomidine-ketamine), and these anesthetic combinations were administered to the rats at repeated doses with 30-min intervals. The effects of these anesthetic agents on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene for DNA damage were investigated. Results: According to the gene expression results, it was observed that a single dose of xylazine-ketamine was 2.9-fold expressed, while first and second repeat doses did not show significant changes in expression levels. However, in the case of the third repetition, it was observed to be 3.8-fold overexpressed. In the case of medetomidine-ketamine administration, it was observed that a single-dose application resulted in a 1.04-fold expression, while the first and the third repeat doses showed a significant down expression. The samples from the second repeat dose administration group were found to have insignificant levels of expression. Conclusions: This study can contribute to understanding the safe anesthetic combination in research and operations in which xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine combinations are used.

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Background: Anaplasmosis, also called gall sickness or tropical bovine ehrlichiosis, is an infectious disease caused by species belonging to the genus Anaplasma in domestic and wild animals in tropical and subtropical regions. Anaplasma ovis and A. phagocytophilum are important pathogens of sheep. A. ovis is considered the most common species affecting sheep. The infection is usually subclinical and progresses with high fever, anaemia, icterus, weight loss and abortions. This study aimed to investigate changes in cardiac damage markers, oxidative stress and antioxidant status, cytokines, and acute phase proteins in sheep naturally infected with A. ovis. Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, a total of 40 animals, including 20 healthy sheep and 20 sheep infected with anaplasmosis, were used. A. ovis was diagnosed based on clinical findings and peripheral blood smear. Blood smears were prepared from the ear vein. The smears were stained with Giemsa and examined for the presence of Anaplasma spp. Infection was also confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The genomic DNA was isolated from blood, and the MSP-4 gene region was amplified as A. ovis specific target gene. Twenty clinically healthy sheep of the same age group, reared under the same conditions and testing negative in the molecular assessment were used as controls. Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein and and centrifuged to obtain serum. The serum stored at -20°C until the analysis stage. Serum samples were used for the analysis of cardiac damage markers [troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transaminase (AST)], oxidative stress parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], cytokines [interleukins IL-6, IL-1ß and IL-10, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)] and acute phase proteins [C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp)]. cTnI and CK-MB levels were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. MDA, TAS, SOD, CAT, GPx, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, SAA and Hp levels were measured by an ELISA reader. LDH, AST and CRP levels were measured in an autoanalyzer. cTnI and LDH levels were significantly increased in the infected animals compared to the healthy ones (P < 0.05). The concentration of AST was decreased in infected animals. MDA, TAS, SOD, CAT and GPx levels were significantly increased in the infected animals compared to the healthy ones (P < 0.05). The levels of the inflammatory parameters such as TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-10 and IFN-γ were significantly increased in the infected animals compared to the healthy ones (P < 0.05). Hp level were significantly increased in the infected group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant change in CK-MB, SAA and CRP concentrations in the infected animals (P > 0.05). Discussion: Ovine anaplasmosis is an obligate intracellular arthropod disease that causes widespread changes in haematobiochemical, immune response and oxidative stress parameters. Cardiac damage is often overlooked in field conditions due to the lack of adequate knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disease. Our results showed that A. ovis infection leads to significant changes in cardiac biomarkers and that the parasite can cause cardiac dysfunction. This is the first report on cardiac damage markers in Anaplasma-infected sheep. Additionally, the levels of proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers that may cause functional disorders were also found to be increased. Thus, measuring markers of cardiac function, oxidative stress and inflammation can be a useful tool in the early diagnosis of ovine anaplasmosis.

Resumo

Cisplatin (CP) is a commonly used, powerful antineoplastic drug, having numerous side effects. Casticin (CAS) is considered as a free radical scavenger and a potent antioxidant. The present research was planned to assess the curative potential of CAS on CP persuaded renal injury in male albino rats. Twenty four male albino rats were distributed into four equal groups. Group-1 was considered as a control group. Animals of Group-2 were injected with 5mg/kg of CP intraperitoneally. Group-3 was co-treated with CAS (50mg/kg) orally and injection of CP (5mg/kg). Group-4 was treated with CAS (50mg/kg) orally throughout the experiment. CP administration substantially reduced the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione (GSH) content while increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. Urea, urinary creatinine, urobilinogen, urinary proteins, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were substantially increased. In contrast, albumin and creatinine clearance was significantly reduced in CP treated group. The results demonstrated that CP significantly increased the inflammation indicators including nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and histopathological damages. However, the administration of CAS displayed a palliative effect against CP-generated renal toxicity and recovered all parameters by bringing them to a normal level. These results revealed that the CAS is an effective compound having the curative potential to counter the CP-induced renal damage.

A cisplatina (CP) é uma droga antineoplásica poderosa, comumente usada, com vários efeitos colaterais. Casticin (CAS) é considerado um eliminador de radicais livres e um potente antioxidante. A presente pesquisa foi planejada para avaliar o potencial curativo da CAS em lesão renal induzida por PC em ratos albinos machos. Vinte e quatro ratos albinos machos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos iguais. O Grupo 1 foi considerado grupo controle. Os animais do Grupo 2 foram injetados com 5 mg / kg de PB por via intraperitoneal. O Grupo 3 foi cotratado com CAS (50 mg / kg) por via oral e injeção de CP (5 mg / kg). O Grupo 4 foi tratado com CAS (50 mg / kg) por via oral durante todo o experimento. A administração de CP reduziu substancialmente as atividades de catalase (CAT), superóxido dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutationa S-transferase (GST), glutationa redutase (GSR), glutationa (GSH), enquanto aumentou as substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e níveis de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2). Os níveis de ureia, creatinina urinária, urobilinogênio, proteínas urinárias, molécula 1 de lesão renal (KIM-1) e lipocalina associada à gelatinase de neutrófilos (NGAL) aumentaram substancialmente. Em contraste, a albumina e a depuração da creatinina foram significativamente reduzidas no grupo tratado com PC. Os resultados demonstraram que a CP aumentou significativamente os indicadores de inflamação, incluindo fator nuclear kappa-B (NF-κB), fator de necrose tumoral-α (TNF-α), interleucina-1β (IL-1β), interleucina-6 (IL-6) níveis e atividade da ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) e danos histopatológicos. No entanto, a administração de CAS apresentou um efeito paliativo contra a toxicidade renal gerada por CP e recuperou todos os parâmetros, trazendo-os a um nível normal. Estes resultados revelaram que o CAS é um composto eficaz com potencial curativo para combater o dano renal induzido por CP.

Resumo

Abstract Cisplatin (CP) is a commonly used, powerful antineoplastic drug, having numerous side effects. Casticin (CAS) is considered as a free radical scavenger and a potent antioxidant. The present research was planned to assess the curative potential of CAS on CP persuaded renal injury in male albino rats. Twenty four male albino rats were distributed into four equal groups. Group-1 was considered as a control group. Animals of Group-2 were injected with 5mg/kg of CP intraperitoneally. Group-3 was co-treated with CAS (50mg/kg) orally and injection of CP (5mg/kg). Group-4 was treated with CAS (50mg/kg) orally throughout the experiment. CP administration substantially reduced the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione (GSH) content while increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. Urea, urinary creatinine, urobilinogen, urinary proteins, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were substantially increased. In contrast, albumin and creatinine clearance was significantly reduced in CP treated group. The results demonstrated that CP significantly increased the inflammation indicators including nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-B), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and histopathological damages. However, the administration of CAS displayed a palliative effect against CP-generated renal toxicity and recovered all parameters by bringing them to a normal level. These results revealed that the CAS is an effective compound having the curative potential to counter the CP-induced renal damage.

Resumo A cisplatina (CP) é uma droga antineoplásica poderosa, comumente usada, com vários efeitos colaterais. Casticin (CAS) é considerado um eliminador de radicais livres e um potente antioxidante. A presente pesquisa foi planejada para avaliar o potencial curativo da CAS em lesão renal induzida por PC em ratos albinos machos. Vinte e quatro ratos albinos machos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos iguais. O Grupo 1 foi considerado grupo controle. Os animais do Grupo 2 foram injetados com 5 mg / kg de PB por via intraperitoneal. O Grupo 3 foi cotratado com CAS (50 mg / kg) por via oral e injeção de CP (5 mg / kg). O Grupo 4 foi tratado com CAS (50 mg / kg) por via oral durante todo o experimento. A administração de CP reduziu substancialmente as atividades de catalase (CAT), superóxido dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutationa S-transferase (GST), glutationa redutase (GSR), glutationa (GSH), enquanto aumentou as substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e níveis de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2). Os níveis de ureia, creatinina urinária, urobilinogênio, proteínas urinárias, molécula 1 de lesão renal (KIM-1) e lipocalina associada à gelatinase de neutrófilos (NGAL) aumentaram substancialmente. Em contraste, a albumina e a depuração da creatinina foram significativamente reduzidas no grupo tratado com PC. Os resultados demonstraram que a CP aumentou significativamente os indicadores de inflamação, incluindo fator nuclear kappa-B (NF-B), fator de necrose tumoral- (TNF-), interleucina-1 (IL-1), interleucina-6 (IL-6) níveis e atividade da ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) e danos histopatológicos. No entanto, a administração de CAS apresentou um efeito paliativo contra a toxicidade renal gerada por CP e recuperou todos os parâmetros, trazendo-os a um nível normal. Estes resultados revelaram que o CAS é um composto eficaz com potencial curativo para combater o dano renal induzido por CP.

Resumo

Electric fences are great alternatives in the management of cattle pasture; however, they require extra attention when cherishing for the animals' safety. Electric shocks caused by an artificial source are known as eletroplession or electrocution. Cases associated with electric fences often occur due to incorrect handling or even herd dispersion during panic. This study aims to report the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of prolonged electric shock in a bovine from Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The animal was found with its pelvic members stuck in the low-voltage electric fence. Twenty-four hours after the incident, the bovine showed clinical signs of apathy, depression, anorexia, and reluctance to move. In 96 hours, it was found in a lateral decubitus, with pedaling movements and nystagmus. After another 48 hours, there was no clinical improvement, and the animal was euthanized due to the unfavorable prognosis. Necropsy was performed, and fragments of all organs were collected for histopathological analysis. Gross and microscopic lesions associated with clinical signs demonstrated acute rhabdomyolysis due to electric shock, which resulted in the animal's recumbency. Histopathological analysis also revealed neurological damage due to the electric shock. Prolonged and low-voltage electrical discharges can cause acute rhabdomyolysis in bovines. This condition should be considered with a reserved to unfavorable prognosis due to the neurological disorders and possible kidney damage.(AU)

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Although the burrower bug (Cyrtomenus mirabilis) is considered a vitalsoil pest in peanut crops, Arachis hypogaea L., in South America, there is little information on its occurrence and damage characterization. This study aimed to evaluate the vertical distribution and fluctuation of the burrower bug in the soil and the damage this species causes in peanuts. Two peanut cultivars (IAC OL3 and IAC 503) were evaluated in three locations in the state of São Paulo: Pindorama, Ribeirão Preto and Votuporanga, in the 2017/18 and 2018/19 harvests. Trenches were dug 0.5 m long, 0.3 m wide and 0.3 m deep, along plant lines at four spots on each sampling date, and stratified in layers 10 cm deep. Plant samples (0.5 m) were collected and evaluated for number of pods and percentage of kernels with symptoms of insect damage. More than 85 % of the C. mirabilis population was found in depths of up to 10 cm, especially after plant fructification, and an increase in nymphs from 100 days after sowing (DAS) was seen when an increased number of maturing pods was observed. The occurrence of nymphs and adults of C. mirabilis and their damage to peanut kernels was similar in both cultivars (IAC OL3 and IAC 503), when these were harvested according to their developmental cycles.

Resumo

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumour of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC). The recent therapeutic approaches used to treat cancer have adverse side effects. The natural agents exhibiting anticancer activities are generally considered to have a robust therapeutic potential. Curcuminoids, one of the major active compounds of the turmeric herb, are used as a therapeutic agent for several diseases including cancer. In this study, the cytotoxicity of curcuminoids was investigated against OSCC cell line HNO97. Our data showed that curcuminoids significantly inhibits the proliferation of HNO97 in a time and dose-dependent manner (IC50=35 μM). Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that curcuminoids increased the percentage of G2/M phase cell populations in the treated groups. Treating HNO97 cells with curcuminoids led to cell shrinking and increased detached cells, which are the typical appearance of apoptotic cells. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis revealed that curcuminoids significantly induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, as a response to curcuminoids treatment, comet tails were formed in cell nuclei due to the induction of DNA damage. Curcuminoids treatment reduced the colony formation capacity of HNO97 cells and induced morphological changes. Overall, these findings demonstrate that curcuminoids can in vitro inhibit HNC proliferation and metastasis and induce apoptosis.

O carcinoma de células escamosas oral (OSCC) é um tumor maligno do câncer de cabeça e pescoço (HNC). As recentes abordagens terapêuticas usadas para tratar o câncer têm efeitos colaterais adversos. Os agentes naturais que exibem atividades anticâncer são geralmente considerados como tendo um potencial terapêutico robusto. Curcuminoides, um dos principais compostos ativos da erva cúrcuma, são usados como agente terapêutico para várias doenças, incluindo câncer. Neste estudo, a citotoxicidade dos curcuminoides foi investigada contra a linha de células OSCC HNO97. Nossos dados mostraram que os curcuminoides inibem significativamente a proliferação de HNO97 de forma dependente do tempo e da dose (IC50 = 35 μM). A análise do ciclo celular demonstrou que os curcuminoides aumentaram a porcentagem de populações de células da fase G2 / M nos grupos tratados. O tratamento das células HNO97 com curcuminoides levou ao encolhimento celular e ao aumento das células destacadas, que são a aparência típica das células apoptóticas. Além disso, a análise de citometria de fluxo revelou que os curcuminoides induziram significativamente a apoptose de uma maneira dependente do tempo. Além disso, em resposta ao tratamento com curcuminoides, caudas de cometa foram formadas nos núcleos das células devido à indução de danos ao DNA. O tratamento com curcuminoides reduziu a capacidade de formação de colônias das células HNO97 e induziu alterações morfológicas. No geral, esses achados demonstram que os curcuminoides podem inibir in vitro a proliferação e metástase de HNC e induzir apoptose.

Resumo

Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumour of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC). The recent therapeutic approaches used to treat cancer have adverse side effects. The natural agents exhibiting anticancer activities are generally considered to have a robust therapeutic potential. Curcuminoids, one of the major active compounds of the turmeric herb, are used as a therapeutic agent for several diseases including cancer. In this study, the cytotoxicity of curcuminoids was investigated against OSCC cell line HNO97. Our data showed that curcuminoids significantly inhibits the proliferation of HNO97 in a time and dose-dependent manner (IC50=35 M). Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that curcuminoids increased the percentage of G2/M phase cell populations in the treated groups. Treating HNO97 cells with curcuminoids led to cell shrinking and increased detached cells, which are the typical appearance of apoptotic cells. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis revealed that curcuminoids significantly induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, as a response to curcuminoids treatment, comet tails were formed in cell nuclei due to the induction of DNA damage. Curcuminoids treatment reduced the colony formation capacity of HNO97 cells and induced morphological changes. Overall, these findings demonstrate that curcuminoids can in vitro inhibit HNC proliferation and metastasis and induce apoptosis.

Resumo O carcinoma de células escamosas oral (OSCC) é um tumor maligno do câncer de cabeça e pescoço (HNC). As recentes abordagens terapêuticas usadas para tratar o câncer têm efeitos colaterais adversos. Os agentes naturais que exibem atividades anticâncer são geralmente considerados como tendo um potencial terapêutico robusto. Curcuminoides, um dos principais compostos ativos da erva cúrcuma, são usados como agente terapêutico para várias doenças, incluindo câncer. Neste estudo, a citotoxicidade dos curcuminoides foi investigada contra a linha de células OSCC HNO97. Nossos dados mostraram que os curcuminoides inibem significativamente a proliferação de HNO97 de forma dependente do tempo e da dose (IC50 = 35 M). A análise do ciclo celular demonstrou que os curcuminoides aumentaram a porcentagem de populações de células da fase G2 / M nos grupos tratados. O tratamento das células HNO97 com curcuminoides levou ao encolhimento celular e ao aumento das células destacadas, que são a aparência típica das células apoptóticas. Além disso, a análise de citometria de fluxo revelou que os curcuminoides induziram significativamente a apoptose de uma maneira dependente do tempo. Além disso, em resposta ao tratamento com curcuminoides, caudas de cometa foram formadas nos núcleos das células devido à indução de danos ao DNA. O tratamento com curcuminoides reduziu a capacidade de formação de colônias das células HNO97 e induziu alterações morfológicas. No geral, esses achados demonstram que os curcuminoides podem inibir in vitro a proliferação e metástase de HNC e induzir apoptose.

Resumo

Caramujos e lesmas pertencem ao Filo Molusca, Classe Grastropoda e da Ordem Pulmonata. Essas pragas têm causado danos em diversos cultivos de importância econômica no Brasil. Todavia, até pouco tempo atrás não existia produto registrado no Ministério de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) para o controle dessas pragas. O único produto, até então, que apresentava controle satisfatório destes moluscos nos cultivos é a isca a base do ingrediente ativo metaldeído. Todavia, este moluscicida não tem registro para uso agrícola, mas somente domissanitário bem como apresenta riscos de contaminação de animais domésticos e silvestres. Os produtores no desespero de ver suas lavouras sendo destruída por essas pragas compram o ingrediente ativo metaldeído e aplicam em suas lavouras. Diante disso, órgãos de inspeção estadual realizam inspeções nas fazendas e aplicam multas aos produtores e técnicos que recomendaram tais produtos. Nesta revisão, são abordados aspectos bioecológicos, danos e principalmente manejo dessas pragas nos cultivos agrícolas esclarecendo aos produtores, especialmente de soja, de que existem produtos efetivos para o controle destes moluscos, os quais tem registro no MAPA. Com isso, acredita-se que é possível fazer um manejo seguro e legal dessas pragas nas lavouras, sem a ocorrência de contaminação da fauna e do meio ambiente.(AU)

Snails and slugs belong to the Phylum Mollusca, Class Grastropoda and the Order Pulmonata. These pests have caused damage to several crops in Brazil. However, until recently there was no product registered in the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA) to control these pests. The only product, until now, that presented satisfactory control of these molluscs in farms is a bait based on the active ingredient metaldehyde. However, this molluscicide is not registered for agricultural use, but only for domestic use, as well as presenting risks of contamination of domestic and wild animals. Producers, desperate to see their crops being destroyed by these pests, buy the active ingredient metaldehyde and apply it to their crops. Therefore, state inspection bodies have frequently carried out inspections on farms and imposed fines on producers and technicians who recommended such products. This review addresses bioecological aspects, damage and mainly management of these pests in the main agricultural crops, clarifying to producers, especially soybeans, that there are effective products to control these molluscs, which are registered in the MAPA. With this, it is believed that it is possible to safely and legally manage these pests in crops, without the occurrence of contamination of fauna and the environment.(AU)

Los caracoles y babosas pertenecen al Phylum Mollusca, Clase Grastropoda y Orden Pulmonata. Estas plagas han causado daños a varios cultivos de importancia económica en Brasil. Sin embargo, hasta hace poco no existía ningún producto registrado ante el Ministerio de Agricultura, y Abastecimiento (MAPA) para controlar estas plagas. El único producto, de momento, que proporciona un control satisfactorio de estos moluscos en cultivo está basado en el principio activo metaldehído. Sin embargo, este molusquicida no está registrado para uso agrícola, sino que es sólo para uso doméstico y presenta riesgos de contaminación de animales domésticos y de salvamento. Los productores, desesperados por ver que estas plagas destruyen sus cultivos, compran el ingrediente activo metaldehído y lo aplican a sus cultivos. Por ello, los organismos de control estatales realizan inspecciones en las explotaciones agrícolas e imponen multas a los productores y técnicos que recomiendan determinados productos. Esta revisión aborda aspectos bioecológicos, daños y principalmente manejo de estas plagas en cultivos agrícolas, aclarando a los productores, especialmente de soja, que existen productos eficaces para el control de estos moluscos, los cuales se encuentran registrados en el MAPA. Por lo tanto, se cree que es posible manejar de forma segura y legal estas plagas en los cultivos, sin provocar contaminación de la fauna y el medio ambiente.(AU)

Resumo

Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is one of the primary sources of animal protein for the Brazilian population. Thus, the safety of this food is highly relevant. This study was based on the evidence of severe contamination of these animals by metals such as lead in Santo Amaro, Bahia. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate associations between lead levels in blood of chicken exposed to a contaminated area with the occurrence of chromosomal alterations, evidencing genotoxic effects. Serum lead analysis was performed by GF-AAS after dilution with a matrix modifier solution (Triton X-100 0.2% v/v and HNO3 0.1% v/v), while chromosomal damage was evaluated using the comet assay. The results showed genotoxic effects (positive comet assay) only for the specimen sample with higher serum lead concentrations (33.9 µg dL-1), suggesting the occurrence of toxic effects at this level of exposure. This work evaluated a relationship between the reduction of serum lead levels in chicken and increased distance from the primary polluting source - a lead processing plant (COBRAC). It also showed that lead is bioavailable in this territory, contaminating chicken and causing genotoxic effects in these animals, further expanding the concern with the local biota and the health of the residents of Santo Amaro.

O frango (Gallus gallus domesticus) é uma das principais fontes de proteína animal para população brasileira, sendo que a segurança deste alimento é extremamente relevante. Assim, evidências de severa contaminação dessas aves, por metais como chumbo no município de Santo Amaro - BA, estimularam a realização deste estudo. O objetivo deste estudo exploratório foi avaliar associações entre os níveis de chumbo no sangue de frangos expostos a área contaminada com a ocorrência de alterações cromossômicas, evidenciando efeitos genotóxicos. As análises de chumbo sérico foram realizadas por GF-AAS após diluição em uma solução modificadora de matriz (Triton X-100 0,2% v/v e HNO3 0,1% v/v), enquanto os danos cromossômicos foram avaliados empregando o teste cometa. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram efeitos genotóxicos (teste cometa positivo) apenas para amostra do espécime que apresentou concentrações séricas de chumbo mais elevadas (33.9 µg dL-1), sugerindo a ocorrência de efeitos tóxicos neste nível de exposição. Neste trabalho foi possível avaliar claramente uma relação entre a redução dos níveis séricos de chumbo no frango com o aumento da distância da principal fonte poluidora - uma fábrica de processamento de chumbo (COBRAC). O presente estudo evidenciou que neste território o chumbo está biodisponível, contaminando aves de criação e acarretando em efeitos genotóxicos nestes animais, ampliando ainda mais a preocupação com a biota local e com a saúde dos moradores de Santo Amaro.

Resumo

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract on different tissues in terms of DNA damage, biochemical and antioxidant parameter values in rats with high-calorie diets. With this aim, Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups containing 6 rats each and the study was completed over 12 weeks duration. At the end of the implementation process over the 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed and blood and tissue samples were obtained. Analyses were performed on blood and tissue samples. According to results for DNA damage (8-OHdG), in brain tissue the OG2 group was significantly reduced compared to the NC group. For MDA results in liver tissue, OG1 and OG2 groups were determined to increase by a significant degree compared to the control group, while the OG2 group was also increased significantly compared to the obese group. In terms of the other parameters, comparison between the groups linked to consumption of a high calorie diet (HCD) and administration of Gundelia tournefortii L. in terms of antioxidant activities and serum samples obtained statistically significant results. Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extracts had effects that may be counted as positive on antioxidant parameter activity and were especially identified to improve DNA damage and MDA levels in brain tissues. Additionally, consumption of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract in the diet may have antiobesity effects; thus, it should be evaluated for use as an effective weight-loss method and as a new therapeutic agent targeting obesity.

O presente estudo foi desenhado para investigar os efeitos do extrato da planta Gundelia tournefortii L. em diferentes tecidos em termos de danos ao DNA, valores de parâmetros bioquímicos e antioxidantes em ratos com dietas hipercalóricas. Com esse objetivo, ratos Wistar albinos machos foram divididos em 4 grupos contendo 6 ratos cada e o estudo foi concluído ao longo de 12 semanas de duração. No final desse processo de implementação, os ratos foram sacrificados e amostras de sangue e tecido foram obtidas. As análises foram realizadas em amostras de sangue e tecido. De acordo com os resultados para danos ao DNA (8-OHdG), no tecido cerebral o grupo OG2 foi significativamente reduzido em comparação com o grupo NC. Para os resultados de MDA no tecido hepático, os grupos OG1 e OG2 aumentaram significativamente em comparação ao grupo controle, enquanto o grupo OG2 também aumentou significativamente em comparação ao grupo obeso. Quanto aos demais parâmetros, a comparação entre os grupos ligados ao consumo de dieta hipercalórica (DC) e à administração de Gundelia tournefortii L. em termos de atividades antioxidantes e amostras de soro obteve resultados estatisticamente significativos. Os extratos de plantas de Gundelia tournefortii L. tiveram efeitos que podem ser considerados positivos na atividade dos parâmetros antioxidantes e foram especialmente identificados para melhorar os danos ao DNA e os níveis de MDA nos tecidos cerebrais. Além disso, o consumo de extrato vegetal de Gundelia tournefortii L. na dieta pode ter efeitos antiobesidade; portanto, deve ser avaliado para uso como um método eficaz de perda de peso e como um novo agente terapêutico voltado para a obesidade.

Resumo

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract on different tissues in terms of DNA damage, biochemical and antioxidant parameter values in rats with high-calorie diets. With this aim, Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups containing 6 rats each and the study was completed over 12 weeks duration. At the end of the implementation process over the 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed and blood and tissue samples were obtained. Analyses were performed on blood and tissue samples. According to results for DNA damage (8-OHdG), in brain tissue the OG2 group was significantly reduced compared to the NC group. For MDA results in liver tissue, OG1 and OG2 groups were determined to increase by a significant degree compared to the control group, while the OG2 group was also increased significantly compared to the obese group. In terms of the other parameters, comparison between the groups linked to consumption of a high calorie diet (HCD) and administration of Gundelia tournefortii L. in terms of antioxidant activities and serum samples obtained statistically significant results. Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extracts had effects that may be counted as positive on antioxidant parameter activity and were especially identified to improve DNA damage and MDA levels in brain tissues. Additionally, consumption of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract in the diet may have antiobesity effects; thus, it should be evaluated for use as an effective weight-loss method and as a new therapeutic agent targeting obesity.

Resumo O presente estudo foi desenhado para investigar os efeitos do extrato da planta Gundelia tournefortii L. em diferentes tecidos em termos de danos ao DNA, valores de parâmetros bioquímicos e antioxidantes em ratos com dietas hipercalóricas. Com esse objetivo, ratos Wistar albinos machos foram divididos em 4 grupos contendo 6 ratos cada e o estudo foi concluído ao longo de 12 semanas de duração. No final desse processo de implementação, os ratos foram sacrificados e amostras de sangue e tecido foram obtidas. As análises foram realizadas em amostras de sangue e tecido. De acordo com os resultados para danos ao DNA (8-OHdG), no tecido cerebral o grupo OG2 foi significativamente reduzido em comparação com o grupo NC. Para os resultados de MDA no tecido hepático, os grupos OG1 e OG2 aumentaram significativamente em comparação ao grupo controle, enquanto o grupo OG2 também aumentou significativamente em comparação ao grupo obeso. Quanto aos demais parâmetros, a comparação entre os grupos ligados ao consumo de dieta hipercalórica (DC) e à administração de Gundelia tournefortii L. em termos de atividades antioxidantes e amostras de soro obteve resultados estatisticamente significativos. Os extratos de plantas de Gundelia tournefortii L. tiveram efeitos que podem ser considerados positivos na atividade dos parâmetros antioxidantes e foram especialmente identificados para melhorar os danos ao DNA e os níveis de MDA nos tecidos cerebrais. Além disso, o consumo de extrato vegetal de Gundelia tournefortii L. na dieta pode ter efeitos antiobesidade; portanto, deve ser avaliado para uso como um método eficaz de perda de peso e como um novo agente terapêutico voltado para a obesidade.

Resumo

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract on different tissues in terms of DNA damage, biochemical and antioxidant parameter values in rats with high-calorie diets. With this aim, Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups containing 6 rats each and the study was completed over 12 weeks duration. At the end of the implementation process over the 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed and blood and tissue samples were obtained. Analyses were performed on blood and tissue samples. According to results for DNA damage (8-OHdG), in brain tissue the OG2 group was significantly reduced compared to the NC group. For MDA results in liver tissue, OG1 and OG2 groups were determined to increase by a significant degree compared to the control group, while the OG2 group was also increased significantly compared to the obese group. In terms of the other parameters, comparison between the groups linked to consumption of a high calorie diet (HCD) and administration of Gundelia tournefortii L. in terms of antioxidant activities and serum samples obtained statistically significant results. Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extracts had effects that may be counted as positive on antioxidant parameter activity and were especially identified to improve DNA damage and MDA levels in brain tissues. Additionally, consumption of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract in the diet may have antiobesity effects; thus, it should be evaluated for use as an effective weight-loss method and as a new therapeutic agent targeting obesity.

Resumo O presente estudo foi desenhado para investigar os efeitos do extrato da planta Gundelia tournefortii L. em diferentes tecidos em termos de danos ao DNA, valores de parâmetros bioquímicos e antioxidantes em ratos com dietas hipercalóricas. Com esse objetivo, ratos Wistar albinos machos foram divididos em 4 grupos contendo 6 ratos cada e o estudo foi concluído ao longo de 12 semanas de duração. No final desse processo de implementação, os ratos foram sacrificados e amostras de sangue e tecido foram obtidas. As análises foram realizadas em amostras de sangue e tecido. De acordo com os resultados para danos ao DNA (8-OHdG), no tecido cerebral o grupo OG2 foi significativamente reduzido em comparação com o grupo NC. Para os resultados de MDA no tecido hepático, os grupos OG1 e OG2 aumentaram significativamente em comparação ao grupo controle, enquanto o grupo OG2 também aumentou significativamente em comparação ao grupo obeso. Quanto aos demais parâmetros, a comparação entre os grupos ligados ao consumo de dieta hipercalórica (DC) e à administração de Gundelia tournefortii L. em termos de atividades antioxidantes e amostras de soro obteve resultados estatisticamente significativos. Os extratos de plantas de Gundelia tournefortii L. tiveram efeitos que podem ser considerados positivos na atividade dos parâmetros antioxidantes e foram especialmente identificados para melhorar os danos ao DNA e os níveis de MDA nos tecidos cerebrais. Além disso, o consumo de extrato vegetal de Gundelia tournefortii L. na dieta pode ter efeitos antiobesidade; portanto, deve ser avaliado para uso como um método eficaz de perda de peso e como um novo agente terapêutico voltado para a obesidade.

Resumo

The application of quality control tests, such as the comet assay, are essential when adipose-derived stem cells are cultured for therapeutic purposes. However, the steps involved in the development of this assay should be investigated, in order to reduce their influence on genomic damage in cells. The study aimed to evaluate if the cell culture process causes DNA damage, and if variations in the lysis time and pH of the electrophoresis buffer interfere in the genotoxicity results. Four different comet assay protocols were evaluated, and the effects of lysis time and pH conditions of the electrophoresis buffer solution were stated as follows: 2 hours and pH 12; 24 hours and pH 12; 2 hours and pH ≥ 13 and 24 hours and pH ≥ 13. The tail moment was analyzed, and results indicated that at the time cells were detached from the flasks, there was little damage to the DNA in the adipose-derived stem cells, which was confirmed by evaluation of the expression of mRNA genes involved in damage and repair processes of genetic material. Also, the tail moment values ​​did not show significant differences among the four evaluated protocols (p < 0.05), with no indication of damage when compared to the positive control (p < 0.05). Thus, any of the tested protocols can be applied in genotoxicity tests with adipose-derived stem cells, without causing damage to them.(AU)

Resumo

Indian crested porcupine is the largest rodent pest that damages a wide variety of crops, vegetables, and tree species which ultimately causes huge economic loss in Pakistan, which is an agricultural country. It prefers to live in hilly terrain but common in temperate and tropical forests, shrublands, and grasslands. This study focused on the identification and assessment of crops damaged along with the main precautionary measures used by the local farmers. The data was collected from twenty-four villages of two union councils i.e. Chamhad and Slahad of district Abbottabad. Two types of data (primary and secondary) were collected from the study area. Primary data was collected for identification and estimation calculation of total crop damaged through direct field observation by taking random quadrates in each village of the study area. The damage in the crop was assessed by randomly selecting a quadrate of 1x1 m² for the wheat, pearl millet, and Sorghum fields. While 4x4 m² quadrates were taken for maize and vegetables. At least three quadrate samples were taken from each field including one quadrate taken from the center of the field area. In union council Chamhad, damage to maize (11.31%) and wheat (0.73%) by the Indian crested porcupine while in union council Salhad, damage of maize (6.95%) and wheat (1.6%) was observed. In the entire study area, overall damage to maize crop (8.01%) and wheat (0.88%) was calculated. Based on information obtained from the farmers, the Indian porcupine inflicted damage to potato, tomato, cauliflower, chili pepper, turnip, radish, pea, and onion, etc. Secondary data obtained through a questionnaire survey to explore the human porcupine conflict and precautionary measures used by the farmers and landowners. Open and close ended questionnaires (159) highlighted the presence of Indian crested porcupine in the study area and 96% of the respondents have seen porcupine directly. Many types of precautionary measures [...].

O porco-espinho indiano é a maior praga de roedores que danifica uma grande variedade de culturas, vegetais e espécies de árvores, o que acaba por causar enormes perdas econômicas no Paquistão, que é um país agrícola. Prefere viver em terrenos montanhosos, mas comuns em florestas temperadas e tropicais, arbustos e pastagens. Este estudo concentrou-se na identificação e avaliação das lavouras danificadas, juntamente com as principais medidas de precaução utilizadas pelos agricultores locais. Os dados foram coletados de 24 aldeias de dois conselhos sindicais, ou seja, Chamhad e Slahad, do distrito de Abbottabad. Dois tipos de dados (primário e secundário) foram coletados da área de estudo. Foram coletados dados primários para identificação e cálculo de estimativa do total da cultura danificada por meio da observação direta do campo, tomando quadrantes aleatórios em cada aldeia da área de estudo. O dano na cultura foi avaliado pela seleção aleatória de um quadrante de 1x1 m2 para os campos de trigo, milheto pérola e sorgo, enquanto quadrantes de 4x4 m2 foram tomados para milho e legumes. Pelo menos três amostras de quadrante foram colhidas de cada campo, incluindo um quadrante retirado do centro da área do campo. No Conselho Sindical de Chamhad, houve danos ao milho (11,31%) e ao trigo (0,73%) pelo porco-espinho indiano, enquanto no Conselho Sindical de Salhad, danos ao milho (6,95%) e ao trigo (1,6%) foram observados. Em toda a área do estudo, danos gerais à cultura do milho (8,01%) e ao trigo (0,88%) foram calculados. Com base em informações obtidas dos agricultores, o porco-espinho indiano infligiu danos à batata, tomate, couve-flor, pimenta, nabo, rabanete, ervilha, cebola, etc. Dados secundários foram obtidos por meio de um questionário para explorar o conflito suíno humano e as medidas de precaução utilizadas pelos agricultores e proprietários de terras. Questionários abertos e fechados (159) destacaram a presença de porco-espinho indiano na área [...].