Nutritional, physiological, hematological, and biochemical responses of lambs fed increasing levels of Pornunça silage

ABSTRACT: Pornunça (Manihot sp.) is a potential forage to feed ruminants in drylands worldwide; however, evaluations of animal diets are necessary. This study assessed intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, physiological responses, ingestive behavior, water intake, as well as hematological and biochemical responses of lambs fed diets containing increasing levels of Pornunça silage (PS) replacing Tifton-85 bermudagrass hay (Cynodon spp.). Treatments consisted of 0, 33, 66, and 100 % PS considering the roughage portion of the diet (% dry matter DM). The experimental design was completely randomized with six replicates. Cyanide acid (HCN) levels in fresh Pornunça leaves were 207.7 mg kg1 DM and 76.78 mg kg1 DM in PS. Intake of DM and crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) increased linearly with increasing levels of PS in the diet. Digestibility of DM, NDF, and CP were higher with increasing levels of PS. Idle time decreased linearly, while water balance, water intake via food, and total water in feces increased with PS. Nitrogen balance, physiological, and hematological responses were not influenced by treatments, while the final alanine aminotransferase increased for lambs fed all diets evaluated. The PS up to 100 % of the roughage portion increased DM and nutrient intake and digestibility without altering physiological responses and the hematological and biochemical parameters, resulting in greater water intake via food.

Nutritional, physiological, hematological, and biochemical responses of lambs fed increasing levels of Pornunça silage

Pornunça (Manihot sp.) is a potential forage to feed ruminants in drylands worldwide; however, evaluations of animal diets are necessary. This study assessed intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, physiological responses, ingestive behavior, water intake, as well as hematological and biochemical responses of lambs fed diets containing increasing levels of Pornunça silage (PS) replacing Tifton-85 bermudagrass hay (Cynodon spp.). Treatments consisted of 0, 33, 66, and 100 % PS considering the roughage portion of the diet (% dry matter - DM). The experimental design was completely randomized with six replicates. Cyanide acid (HCN) levels in fresh Pornunça leaves were 207.7 mg kg-¹ DM and 76.78 mg kg-¹ DM in PS. Intake of DM and crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) increased linearly with increasing levels of PS in the diet. Digestibility of DM, NDF, and CP were higher with increasing levels of PS. Idle time decreased linearly, while water balance, water intake via food, and total water in feces increased with PS. Nitrogen balance, physiological, and hematological responses were not influenced by treatments, while the final alanine aminotransferase increased for lambs fed all diets evaluated. The PS up to 100 % of the roughage portion increased DM and nutrient intake and digestibility without altering physiological responses and the hematological and biochemical parameters, resulting in greater water intake via food.

Associação de farelo de mandioca, moringa e bocaiuva sobre a qualidade de ovos brancos tipo caipira

Realizou-se este trabalho com o objetivo avaliar o efeito de inclusão de farelo de mandioca, farinha de folhas da moringa e a polpa de bocaiúva sobre a qualidade de ovos tipo caipira. Foram utilizados 900 ovos provenientes de 160 poedeiras Dekalb White com 34 semanas de idade, criadas em sistema semi-intensivo. Avaliou-se a qualidade dos ovos produzidos os quais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, constituído de quatro tratamentos com cinco repetições de três ovos cada. Os ovos foram provenientes de poedeiras submetidas a quatro dietas com diferentes combinações de ingredientes alternativos (IA): 1- dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja (M + FS); 2- dieta com inclusão de 18% de farelo de mandioca, 4% de farinha de folhas de moringa e 4% da polpa de bocaiúva (18FM + 4FFM + 4PBC); 3- dieta com inclusão de 24% de farelo de mandioca, 6% de farinha de folhas de moringa e 6% de polpa de bocaiúva (24FM + 6FFM + 6PBC); 4- dieta com inclusão de 30% de farinha de mandioca, 8% de farinha de folhas de moringa e 8% da polpa de bocaiúva (30FM + 8FFM + 8PBC). Foram avaliados o peso do ovo (PO), gravidade específica (GE), índice de forma (IF), a porcentagem e espessura da casca (EC), unidade de Haugh (UH), índice (IG) e cor da gema (CG) e a porcentagem de albúmen (PA) e da gema (PG). Não foram observados diferenças (P>0,05) na porcentagem e espessura da casca, UH. A porcentagem do albúmen e a coloração da gema aumentou enquanto a porcentagem da gema diminuiu (P<0,05) à medida que se aumentou o nível de inclusão de ingredientes alternativos. O índice de gema e gravidade especifica melhorou (P<0,05) com a inclusão de ingredientes alternativo. Conclui-se que a combinação de 30% de FM, 8% de FFM e 8 % de PBC não alterou a qualidade dos ovos e aumentou a pigmentação da gema, e podem ser utilizados nas dietas de poedeiras de 34 a 54 semanas em sistema de produção alternativo como substitutos de milho e farelo de soja.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cassava root chips, moringa leaves meals and bocaiuva pulp inclusion in layer rations on the quality of rustic type eggs. Nine hundred (900) eggs obtained from 160 Dekalb White layers, 34 weeks of age, in free-cage systems. The quality of eggs was evaluated in a completely randomized design, consisting of four treatments with five replicates of three eggs each. The layers were fed with four dietary experimental with different levels of combination of alternative ingredients (AI): diet 1 - control diet (Soybean meal and corn); diet 2- containing 18% of cassava root chips, 4% of moringa leaves meal and 4% bocaiuva pulp; diet 3- containing 24% of cassava root chip, 6% of moringa leaves meal and 6% of bocaiuva pulp; diet 4- containing 30% of cassava root chips, 8% of moringa leaves meal and 8% of bocaiuva pulp. The egg weight (EW), specific gravity (SG), shape index (SI), the percentage and shell thickness, Haugh unit (HU), index (YI) and yolk color (YC) and the percentage of albumen (PA) and yolk (PY) were evaluated. There were no differences in the amount and thickness of the shell, UH (P>0,05). The percentage of albumen and yolk color increased as the percentage of the yolk decreased (P<0,05) as they increased the level of inclusion of alternative ingredients. The yolk index and specific gravity improved with the inclusion of alternate ingredients (P<0,05). In conclusion, the alternate the combination of 30% of cassava; 8% of Moringa leaves meal and 8% of bocaiuva pulp does not adversely affect egg quality and increase the yolk colour, so can be used in laying diets 34-54 weeks in alternative production systems replacing corn and soybean meal.